CHRISTIAN FUCHS - ICT&S - UniversitÃ¤t Salzburg

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Christian Fuchs: Social Networking Sites and the Surveillance SocietyFigure 15. Surveillance knowledge index (one point for each correct answers to thequestions shown in figures 12-14)Table 6 shows bivariate correlations between the surveillance knowledge index andother factors. The result is that the surveillance knowledge index is significantly (at the0.01 level) negatively correlated to female gender (positively to male gender) and thewhite-collar status of a student’s father. It is significantly (at the 0.01 level) positivelycorrelated to the status of a student’s father as househusband, income, and the size ofthe location that the students have been living in for most of their lifetime. This meansthat being female decreases the possibility of high surveillance knowledge, whereasbeing a man increases it. This result could reflect dominant patriarchal values thatconstruct men as powerful, rational, and knowledgeable and women as weak,irrational, and unknowing. If the father of a student is a white-collar worker, then thelikelihood of high surveillance knowledge decreases. One reason that one can imagineis that as these fathers are all dealing with information in their jobs and work in offices,they could have a more positive attitude towards information processing and datasurveillance than most blue-collar workers because data gathering is an everydayroutine for them. It could be that a certain amount of these white-collar workers passeson their attitude towards data gathering to their kids. Another result, that might at a firstglance rather seem obscure, is that if a student’s father’s job is to be a househusband,then the likelihood that the student has higher surveillance knowledge increases.However, given the still predominant patriarchal family relations, it is clear that in mostconservative families, fathers are wageworkers and mothers either housewives orhousewives and wageworkers. Therefore it is likely that families, where fathers arehousehusbands, are more liberal families. Liberal attitudes are normally more critical ofstate interference into privacy than conservative ones. In Austria, this can be observedfor example by the fact that conservatives tend to oppose gay marriage and argue for asuperiority of heterosexual marriage that should be guaranteed by the state. Liberalfamily climates could therefore explain a certain increase of the likelihood to have high57
Christian Fuchs: Social Networking Sites and the Surveillance Societysurveillance knowledge in those cases where students have househusbands as fathers.Students with higher income have a higher probability to have high surveillanceknowledge. This can be explained by the fact that more money enables students toaccess better education facilities, more and therefore also more diverse informationsources and cultural activities. Coming from a larger city increases the probability thatone has more knowledge of surveillance. This can be explained by the difference incultural infrastructure between urban and rural areas. Rural areas tend to be culturallymore homogenous than urban areas, which normally are more culturally diverse. Alack of cultural infrastructure also means a lack of diversity of available worldviews,potential experiences, and viewpoints. Therefore it is more likely that people in largercities are confronted with viewpoints (either in personal conversations or in the mediaor in cultural institutions) that are not present in rural areas and that they have access tomore diverse information sources. The analysis shows overall that gender and class andthe urban/rural-differential are three factors that influence surveillance knowledge.Female:Correlation CoefficientSig. (2-tailed)NMale:Correlation CoefficientSig. (2-tailed)NAge:Correlation CoefficientSig. (2-tailed)NUndergraduate Student:Correlation CoefficientSig. (2-tailed)NGraduate Student:Correlation CoefficientSig. (2-tailed)NDoctoral Student:Correlation CoefficientSig. (2-tailed)NSemesters:Correlation CoefficientSig. (2-tailed)NSocial Sciences, Humanities:Correlation CoefficientSig. (2-tailed)NNatural Sciences:Correlation CoefficientSig. (2-tailed)NEngineering Sciences:Correlation CoefficientSig. (2-tailed)Surveillance Knowledge Index-0.203**0.0005610.203**0.0005610.0870.0306260.0170.671626-0.0840.0366260.0590.1436260.0370.3626140.0460.253614-0.0690.0866140.0320.42858
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CHRISTIAN FUCHS - ICT&S - UniversitÃ¤t Salzburg

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