82 ŠOLSKO POLJE LETNIK <strong>XX</strong> ŠTEVILKA 5/6ves the suppression and filtering of some meaning potentials of a discourse(Chouliaraki and Fairclough, 1999), it is also a process which may expandmeaning potential, through additions to, and elaborations upon, the previoustext. As Bernstein claims, particular social fields, and networks of socialpractices, have been associated with »recontextualizing principles« (Bernstein,1990). These are specific »principles« according to which they incorporateand re-contextualize social events. These principles underlie differencesbetween the ways in which a particular type of social event is represented indifferent fields, networks of social practices, and genres. Fairclough (2003:139–140) develops the following principles: Presence (e.g. which elementsof events, or events in a chain of events, are present/absent, prominent/background?), Arrangement (e.g. how are events ordered?), Abstraction (e.g.what degree of abstraction/generalization from concrete events?), and Additions(e.g. what is added in representing particular events – explanation/legitimizations (reasons, purposes), evaluation?). Critical discourse analysisalso sees recontextualization in terms of a dialectical colonization/appropriation.Recontextualization is a specific kind of a dialectic that appropriatesand colonizes discourses from different spaces and times (Chouliaraki andFairclough, 1999). The concept of appropriation accentuates the fact that,even in the process of colonizing, a new discourse enters potentially transformativerelationships with existing discourses in the recontextualizingcontext. In this respect, our study attempts to uncover how Serbian nationaltelevision appropriated Karadžić’s arrest into a nationalistic discourse, whilehelping to create a specific type of nostalgic nationalism.In order to identify TS’s recontextualization, we also analyze how TSrepresented the main social actors, i.e. who is included within the »us«realm and who is positioned as »them«. As Hodge and Kress (1993) argue,one of the central discursive strategies in ideological struggles relies onthe construction of in-and-out group identities using discursive means.We adopt Hall’s »discourse of difference« (1989: 913) as the most effectivemethod to think through binary positions.DataWe analyzed all 78 news items broadcast on all TS news programs from 21 ofJuly (the day of Karadžić’s arrest) up until 30 of July, 2008 (the day when Karadžićwas sent to The Hague). Why this particular time-frame? As argued, itwas during this period that the political situation in Serbia was intense, sincethe majority of opposition strongly challenged the president, government,
JOURNALISTIC (RE)PRODUCTION OF HISTORY: TELEVIZED COVERAGE OF RADOVAN ...83and institutions responsible for the arrest. Demonstrations in support of Karadžićwere organized every day. On the 30 July 2008, the situation startedto calm down, since Karadžić was sent to The Hague. Why the focus on thisparticular medium? We’ve analyzed TS’s news program precisely because itis still the most watched program in Serbia, known for its pro-governmentorientation. Thus, the analysis of its program can help to explain official governmentpolitics (Milivojević, 2007; Tanasić, 2008). TS broadcast two specialnews programs (on Tuesday, the 22 July 2008 between 20.15 and 24.00;and Wednesday, the 23 July 2008 between 20.15 and 22.00) focusing on thearrest of Radovan Karadžić, called »Radovan Karadžić – Myth and Reality«,both having extremely high ratings of 60% (roughly 2.5 million viewers) inSerbia. The rest of the news programs (11.45-12.15, 17.00-17.25, 19.30-20.15)also enjoyed high ratings (Gledanost RTS, 2008). Within a whole analyzednews program, in terms of genres, the news reports dominated (56 items),followed by short interviews (9 items), news items (8 items) and statements(5 items). We analyzed all news items as a whole, since they present primaryinformation to more than half of Serbian population (Tanasić, 2008; GledanostRTS, 2008). Thus, we try to reveal how the most popular television newsprogram in Serbia represented Karadžić’s arrest and incorporated, re-articulatedand appropriated it within representation of Serbian past and present.First, we follow a macro-structure analysis of recontextualization’s principlesto find out how TS represented Karadžić’s arrest. Additionally, we employ amicro-analysis of the representation of the main social actors.TV Serbia’s recontextualization of Karadžić’s arrest(A) Presence and absence of elements of chains of eventsWhich chains of events were present, or absent, in television news dealingwith Karadžić arrest? The analysis has indicated that TS broadcast the followingrecurring themes of the Karadžić’s arrest:A. The life of Radovan Karadžić as Dragan Dabić;B. Karadžić’s arrest as one of the crucial obligations and defining principlesfor Serbia on its path towards the EU;C. The details of Karadžić’s arrest, and the legal procedures of the arrest;D. Karadžić’s family;E. The legal procedures in the Hague Tribunal and the descriptions ofKaradžić’s future life in the prison;
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