Beryllium & Composites - Thorium Energy Alliance

OUR COMPANYGlobal Footprint3,000 +Employees are serving ourcustomers34Company facilitiesCorporate OfficeMayfield Heights, Ohio10In 10 countries around theglobeManufacturing FacilitiesAlbuquerque, New MexicoBloomfield, ConnecticutBrewster, New YorkBuffalo, New YorkDelta, UtahElmore, OhioFremont, CaliforniaLimerick, IrelandLincoln, Rhode IslandLorain, OhioMilwaukee, WisconsinReading, PennsylvaniaSanta Clara, CaliforniaSingaporeSubic Bay, PhilippinesSuzhou, ChinaTaipei, TaiwanTucson, ArizonaTyngsboro, MassachusettsWestford, MassachusettsWheatfield, New YorkWindsor, ConnecticutService CentersElmhurst, IllinoisWarren, MichiganSingaporeStuttgart, GermanyTheale, EnglandTokyo, JapanBrush Beryllium & Composites

Business Units• Advanced Materials Technologies & Services:• Barr Precision Optics & Thin Film Coatings• Microelectronics & Services• Advanced Chemicals• Large Area Coatings• Technical Materials• Materion Brush (fka Brush Wellman):• Brush Beryllium & Composites• Brush Performance Alloys• Natural Resources• Electrofusion and CeramicsBrush Beryllium & Composites

OUR COMPANYFinancial Position No. 59 on Fortune magazine’s 2012list of the 100 Fastest-GrowingCompanies. September 24, 2012$1,6002012$1,527$1,400$1,250Annual Sales, US$ Millions$1,200$1,000$800$600$400$373 $401$496$541$763$956 $910$715$200$02002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Brush Beryllium & Composites

Materion Brush - Elmore, Ohio Facility• The Title III Program enteredinto a partnership withMaterion Corporation initiatingconstruction of the beryllium“Pebbles Plant” inElmore, Ohio.• Production capacity highpurityberyllium metal ensuresdomestic and foreignconsumption.• The plant stands 73 feettall, contains three levels, hasa 51,045 sq. ft. footprint, andcontains 124,358 total squarefeet of floor space.Brush Beryllium & Composites

Materion Brush – DivisionsBeryllium & Composites• Beryllium• Elevated berylliumcontaining materials• Non-berylliumcomposite materials• Beryllium chemicals– Sulfates,– acetates,– oxidePerformance Alloys• Low berylliumcontaining alloys• Resource recoveryoperationsBrush Beryllium & Composites

Flibe Salts• The first major use of Flibe for nuclear powerapplications was in the 8 MWth Molten Salt ReactorExperiment (MSRE) constructed at Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory (ORNL)• Operating between June 1965 and May 1969, the MSREused a mixture of 66 mole% LiF and 34 mole% BeF 2 at545 to 650°C, 34.4 kPa gauge pressure, and 54 L/scirculation rate as an intermediate coolant• MSRE operated successfully for 17,655 critical withoutany extreme personnel safety events (i.e., no radiationexposure over 15 rem, and no fatalities or life-threateninginjuries)Brush Beryllium & Composites

General characteristics of Flibe• Flibe itself is not a combustible material• Flibe does not melt until over 455°C• Flibe recombines reasonably fast from radiolyticdecomposition• Flibe can attack Mn in stainless steel, so erosionproducts from wall materials are possible• Designers may add an anticorrosive like MoF 6• The addition of beryllium metal (i.e. beads) helpscontrol the Redox potentialBrush Beryllium & Composites

Physical Properties of FlibeProperty (T is in °C) 66 mole% LiF – 34 mole% BeF 2Liquidus Temperature, °C 458 ± 1Density of Liquid, g/cm 3 2.214 – 4.2 x10 -4 T ± 2%Thermal Conductivity, W/m.°C1 ± 10% (for a 200°C range)Solid Heat Capacity, cal/g.°C 0.317 + 3.61 x 10 -4 T ± 3%Liquid Heat Capacity, cal/g.°C 0.57 ± 3%Heat of Fusion, cal/g 107 ± 3%Viscosity, cP (T in Kelvin) 0.116 exp(3755/T) ± 25%CTE (volumetric), ppm/°C 2.1 ± 20%Vapor Pressure, Torr (T in Kelvin) log P = 9.024 – (5920/T) ± 10%Electrical Conductivity, ohm-cm -1 1.54 + 6.0 x 10 -3 (T-500) ± 10%S. Cantor, et al. (1968), “Physical Properties of Molten-Salt Reactor Fuel, Coolant, and Flush Salts,” ORNL-TM-2316Brush Beryllium & Composites

Thermodynamics of FlibeRomero-Serrano, et al. (2009), Thermodynamic analysis of LiF–BeF2 and KF–BeF2 meltsby a structural model, Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 130 (3) pp. 336-340.Brush Beryllium & Composites

Materion’s beryllium extraction processSulfuric AcidBeryl or BertranditeConcentrateAlkaliHydrofluoricAcidMagnesiumBeryllium SulfateBeryllium HydroxideBeryllium FluorideAmmoniumBifluorideBeryllium PebblesBeryllium IngotsBeryllium PowderBrush Beryllium & Composites

Materion’s beryllium extraction process – modifiedSulfuric AcidBeryl or BertranditeConcentrateAlkaliBeryllium SulfateHydrofluoricAcidBeryllium HydroxideAmmoniumBifluorideMagnesiumBeryllium FluorideFLiBeLiFBeryllium PebblesBeryllium IngotsFLiNaBeNaFBeryllium PowderBrush Beryllium & Composites

Production in ElmoreBrush Beryllium & Composites

Flibe/FlinabeCharacterization161412Be anode 0.5" diam./Be cathode 0.25" diamT=575CCell Current, A1086420Conductivity 2 = 6.25 ohms -1Conductivity 1 = 3.83 ohms -11 1.5 2 2.5Applied Potential, VBrush Beryllium & Composites

Summary• Materion provided Flibe to the MSRE at ORNL andwill provide it to the next generation of reactors• A proprietary process has been developed and willbe implemented into the extraction process oncethe market demands it• Materion will assist its customers in adjustingchemistries, adding corrosion inhibitors andevaluating its properties• For questions and more details:edgar.vidal@materion.comBrush Beryllium & Composites