Evaluation Of The Provision Of Single Use Citric Acid Sachets To ...

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7Participants were approached using opportunistic sampling until the target sample sizewas met. Response rates at participating exchanges ranged from 78% to 94%, with theoverall response rate being 84%.Although the sample of 360 is only 5-10% of the IDUs who currently use needle exchangeservices in Greater Glasgow and Lanarkshire the demographic characteristics of thesample appear representative of the drug using population in these areas. For example,the ratio of 22% female participants to 78% male compares well with national figures thatconsistently show that males make up around 75% of IDUs in the UK (Hay, McKeganey &Hutchinson, 2001). The mean age of participants (29.3 years) also compares well withprevious studies of IDUs (Hay, McKeganey & Hutchinson 2001; ISD 2001). Further, thevast majo rity o f IDUs in this study repo rte d inje cting he ro in most frequently, withrelatively few injecting cocaine and other drugs. Almost all the IDUs who did inject cocainewe re res iden t in Grea te r Glasgow. As the se find ings compare we ll with those of o the rstudies (Hay, McKeganey & Hutchinson, 2001; Roberts 2002), we can be fairly confidenttha t the sample use d is as representa tive as possible o f the la rge r drug using populatio nsin Greater Glasgow and Lanarkshire.Data CollectionThe data was collected using a structured questionnaire (Appendix B). This schedule wassplit into two sections of mainly closed-ended questions. The first section asked forinfo rmatio n re ga rding pa rticipa nts’ demographic cha ra cte ristics, drug use , inje cting habitsand use of needle exchanges. The second section asked participants about their attitudesto and use of the citric acid sachets and other acidifiers.To ensure all participants would have had the opportunity to use the citric acid sachetsprovided by the needle exchanges at the time of interview, most questions referred todrug use within the previous three months.At the end o f the inte rvie w, pa rticipa nts we re a sked if the re was anything tha t the ythought could be done to encourage them to use the needle exchange more often. Allpa rticipa nts a lso had the oppo rtunity to add any comments o n impo rta nt issue s tha t the yfe lt we re not sufficien tly co ve re d in the in te rvie w. The ques tion naires we re ma rke d toshow the location, date and time of each interview.Data AnalysisThe data gathered was analysed using one-way ANOVAs, t-tests for independent samples,chi-squares and Pearson’s product moment correlation.
8CHAPTER 3 RESULTSStudy Group CharacteristicsTwo hundred and eighty men and 80 women ranging in age from 17 to 52 years took partin the study. The mean age of participant was 29.3 years. Two thirds of the participantswe re re cruited in Greate r Glasgo w a nd o ne third in La na rkshire . The va s t ma jo rity of theIDUs inte rvie wed lived in their o wn o r pa rtne r’s home (70%) o r a friend o r re la tive’s home(29%). These demographic details are presented in full in Table 3.1. (Numbers will varythroughout as not all participants answered every question.)Table 3.1. Study group characteristicsCharacteristicN (%) ParticipantsNHS B oardGreater Glasgow 240 (67)Lanarkshire 120 (33)Needle ExchangePharmacy 1 120 (33)Pharmacy 2 120 (33)Pharmacy 3 40 (11)Pharmacy 4 40 (11)Pharmacy 5 10 (3)Pharmacy 6 30 (8)SexMale 280 (78)Female 80 (22)Age (years)16-19 16 (4)20-24 77 (21)25-29 103 (29)30-34 81 (23)34-39 64 (18)40+ 19 (5)Living AccommodationO wn/partner’s home 252 (70)Someone else’s home 107 (29)Hostel 1 (1)Total 360 (100)Drug Use and Injecting HabitsThe age at which the participants in this study first used illicit drugs (of any kind) rangedfrom 8 years to 38 years, with the mean age of first use being 16.5 years. Almost all theIDUs interviewed (90%) had begun using illicit drugs by 21 years of age. The participants’
Page 1 and 2: Effective Interventions UnitEVALUAT
Page 3 and 4: iABSTRACTThree hundred and sixty in
Page 5 and 6: 2diagnosed cases of HIV infected in
Page 7 and 8: 4and is so ld in poo rly so luble b
Page 9: 6CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGYAims & Object
Page 13 and 14: 10more than any other drug also inj
Page 15 and 16: 12Table 3.5. Reasons for using curr
Page 17 and 18: 14The next most common eye problem
Page 19 and 20: 16That’s what I learnt from my ma
Page 21 and 22: 18s imply re turn to the needle ex
Page 23 and 24: 20rise in the numbe r o f visits is
Page 25 and 26: 22proposed to amend the misuse of d
Page 27 and 28: 24the era of needle/syringe exchang
Page 29 and 30: 26O live r, K. J., S. R . Friedman,
Page 31 and 32: APPENDIX B: Structured Questionnair
Page 33 and 34: US ING THE C ITRIC AC ID S ACHETS22
Page 35 and 36: 37. In the last 3 months, approxima
Page 37: APPENDIX D: C itric Acid SachetSour

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