Download PDF - Field Exchange - Emergency Nutrition Network
Download PDF - Field Exchange - Emergency Nutrition Network Download PDF - Field Exchange - Emergency Nutrition Network
Research5Early initiation of breastfeedingreduces neonatal mortalitySummary of published research 1 A womanworking in oneof the villagehouseholds inA recently published study assessed the contributionof the timing of initiation of breastfeedtalperiod (median age 14 days for establishedand 2.1% partially breastfed during the neona-Burkino Fasoing to neonatal death. The study also set out to breastfeeding pattern).Experiencebasedmeasureassess whether the different types of breastfeeding(exclusive, predominant, and partialThere was a marked dose response ofincreasing risk of neonatal mortality withbreastfeeding) were associated with substantiallydifferent risks of neonatal death.of householdincreasing delay in initiation of breastfeedingfrom 1 hour to day 7. Overall, late initiationMethod(after day 1) was associated with a 2.4-fold food insecurityThis study took advantage of the 4-weekly surveillancesystem from a large ongoing maternalvitamin A supplementation trial (ObaapaVitA)in rural Ghana involving all women of childbearingage and their infants. During thecourse of routine four-weekly field visits, whena birth was reported, the trained village fieldworkersincrease in the risk of neonatal mortality. Thesize of this effect was similar (Adjusted OddsRation (aOR): 2.44; 95% CI:1.60 to 3.74; P
Five cross-sectional surveys were conductedin refugee camps in north and eastAfrica between 2000-2002 to assess thelevel of iron deficiency anaemia and vitaminA deficiency in populations dependenton long-term international food aidand humanitarian assistance. Althoughthere has been much information onmicronutrient deficiency outbreaks likescurvy, pellagra and beri-beri amongstrefugees, there has been very little informationpublished on the prevalence of themore widely prevalent deficiencies ofiron, vitamin A and iodine.Although there were various methodologicalissues around interpretation ofthe findings, e.g. issues of age recall mayaffect estimates of age-specific anaemiawhile recall bias may have affected estimatesof vitamin A capsule coverage, theoverall findings give enormous cause forconcern.Study findingsThe prevalence of anaemia in children[haemoglobin (Hb) 60% affected in 3 of five camps. Irondeficiency [serum transferring receptor(sTfR) >8.5 mg/L] was also high, rangingfrom 23 to 75% (this measure is used toassess iron deficiency because it is relativelyunaffected by the acute phaseresponse associated with inflammationand infection). There was also a strongecological correlation between the prevalenceof iron deficiency and anaemiaamong different camps. Although childrenwere more affected, anaemia wasalso a public health problem in adolescentsand women. While the prevalence ofanaemia in the worst affected camps compareswith findings from other refugeestudies, i.e. in Burmese and Somalirefugee children, the levels constitute aserious public health issue.Mean serum retinol in children, afteradjustment for infection status, rangedfrom 0.72 to 0.88 +/- 0.2 µmol/L in thefour camps assessed and vitamin A deficiency(
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Research5Early initiation of breastfeedingreduces neonatal mortalitySummary of published research 1 A womanworking in oneof the villagehouseholds inA recently published study assessed the contributionof the timing of initiation of breastfeedtalperiod (median age 14 days for establishedand 2.1% partially breastfed during the neona-Burkino Fasoing to neonatal death. The study also set out to breastfeeding pattern).Experiencebasedmeasureassess whether the different types of breastfeeding(exclusive, predominant, and partialThere was a marked dose response ofincreasing risk of neonatal mortality withbreastfeeding) were associated with substantiallydifferent risks of neonatal death.of householdincreasing delay in initiation of breastfeedingfrom 1 hour to day 7. Overall, late initiationMethod(after day 1) was associated with a 2.4-fold food insecurityThis study took advantage of the 4-weekly surveillancesystem from a large ongoing maternalvitamin A supplementation trial (ObaapaVitA)in rural Ghana involving all women of childbearingage and their infants. During thecourse of routine four-weekly field visits, whena birth was reported, the trained village fieldworkersincrease in the risk of neonatal mortality. Thesize of this effect was similar (Adjusted OddsRation (aOR): 2.44; 95% CI:1.60 to 3.74; P
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