Contents - AL-Tax
Contents - AL-Tax Contents - AL-Tax
188 IndexBusiness Judgment Rule, 28, 94Business model, 2–3, 53, 64, 115–123,162–163, 180Business process outsourcing, 112Business services, 112–113Business unit(s), 90–92Buy-in, 33, 34–36, 38, 39, 176, 178–179, 180CCapacity-constrained, 20Capacity constraints, 19, 20Capital equipment, 104, 143Capital-intensive, 105CAPM, 56Captive suppliers, 104Case studies, 65–180CDN services, see Content delivery networkservicesCentralized, 37, 47, 53, 60, 118, 120, 121,150, 162Chartering, 150CIP, 32–41, 180, 185–186Clean room environments, 103, 105Co-development agreements, 33–34Collaboration, 108–109Collateral, 23, 141, 149Co-location agreements, 143Commensurate with Income standard,25, 94, 177Commercial benefits, 27Commission, 10, 28, 54, 69, 72, 90, 111, 116,128, 130, 149, 156Commission agent, 111Commodities market(s), 1, 145, 152Commodities prices, 152, 153, 156Commodities trading, 145, 148–149, 151,157, 159Companies, 2, 7–9, 12, 14, 17–19, 21–22, 29,31, 33, 59, 62, 74, 83, 110–111, 130,145–146, 148, 160, 165–166, 173, 174,175, 186Comparability, 12–14, 16, 17, 18–19, 21, 22,23–25, 31, 57, 58, 83, 119–120Comparable profits method, 11–17, 27, 35, 40,54, 80, 81, 83–84, 88, 111, 112, 120,140–141, 144, 179–180, 184Comparable profit split method, 31–32, 62–63Comparable uncontrolled financial transactionmethod, 44Comparable uncontrolled price method, 3,22–26, 41–42, 51, 53–54Comparable uncontrolled services pricemethod, 22, 27, 110–111Comparable uncontrolled transaction method,22, 23, 24, 26, 35, 37, 40–41, 52, 119,166, 171, 180, 184Compensation, 35, 44, 46, 98, 150,155–156, 160Competitive markets, 7, 15–16, 19, 26Compliance costs, 3–4, 54, 60, 61Components, 101, 102, 104, 107, 108, 113,125, 126–127, 129–130, 177–178Concentrated, 104–105, 107–108, 152, 161Concentration, 89Confidentiality, 3, 54, 117Confidential treatment, 24, 111Consolidate, 71, 91Consolidated, 8–9, 60, 101, 143, 166, 167,168, 174Consolidation, 101, 105, 152–153, 154Consumer electronics products, 107Content delivery network services, 3, 63,137–144Contract Research Organization, 95Contracts, 26, 37, 44, 73, 98, 109–110, 116,118, 119, 128, 143, 147–148, 150–151,154, 157–158Contract terms, 69, 123, 154Contractual terms, 13–14, 18–19, 22–23, 38,94, 108Contributions of assets, 165Controlled group, 12, 22, 26, 28, 31, 36–37,44, 53, 55–56, 57, 60, 61, 67, 95,166–167, 171, 184Controlled transactions, 111, 120Conversion, 32, 36, 40, 97, 103, 159, 180Convert, 31, 35, 39, 97, 103, 160, 182Co-op advertising, 20Coordinated Issue Paper on cost-sharing,see CIPCore assets, 125, 145, 148–151Corporate tax liability, 1–2Cost of capital, 8, 34, 38, 52, 84, 141, 143,144, 159Cost contribution adjustment, 36, 176, 177Cost of debt, 52, 55, 60–61, 134Cost of equity, 133, 174Cost plus method, 17–22, 27, 41, 80, 120,140, 144Cost savings, 110Cost of services plus method, 18, 19, 27, 111Cost shares, 34–35Cost-sharing, 11–12, 32–41, 162, 175–179,180, 185–186Counterparty, 13, 47, 86, 151, 158–160Counterparty risk, 159–160
Index 189Country-specific risks, 21CPM, see Comparable profits methodCredit limits, 42, 150, 154Credit rating(s), 11, 55, 60–61, 134Credit risk, 45, 77, 151, 153, 155CRM, see Customer relationship managementCRM services, see Customer relationshipmanagement servicesCRO, see Contract Research OrganizationCSA, 33, 35, 39CUP method, see Comparable uncontrolledprice methodCustomer base, 21, 44, 107–108, 110, 114,116, 148Customer care, 112Customer data, 115, 126Customer-driven business, 147Customer relationship management, 101, 102,104, 111–112Customer relationship management services,102, 104, 111–112Customer service, 16, 83, 102, 110, 116, 117,118, 126Customization, 119, 151, 155, 158, 162,165–166, 171Customized, 107, 109, 115–116, 117, 122,129, 158, 162, 166Customized software, 158CUT method, see Comparable uncontrolledtransaction methodCycling of demand, 107DData constraints, 144Data Controller, 119Data limitations, 79, 144Data solicitation, 116–117, 118–119Dealer, 12, 43–44, 68, 69, 71–72, 73,76, 77, 80De Beers, 67, 68–72, 73–74Debt shield, 55, 134Decentralized, 128, 161–180Declining average prices, 106–108Deductions, 29, 55, 61, 132, 168, 170De facto, 24, 40, 134Delayed performance, 146, 151Derivative instruments, 42, 147, 156Derivatives, 42, 145, 147, 156Designer, 82–83Design features, 92Developer, 48, 83Diamond, 67–88, 103Diamond pipeline, 68, 74Digital, 63, 101, 104–105, 108, 126Direct costs, 95, 123Direct marketing, 116, 117, 119, 122Disclosure requirements, 117Discounted cash flow, 31, 52, 133, 167Discounted present value, 8, 15, 35, 36, 39,176, 177Discount rate, 178–179Disk drive, 101, 102–103, 104–105, 106–107,108, 109–110, 111Dispute resolution, 3, 52, 54, 88, 183–184Distribution agreement, 81, 89, 131–132Distributor, 18, 19, 20–21, 51–52, 90, 94, 96,98, 129, 130Distributor sample, 82Division of labor, 2–3, 31, 41, 53, 120, 143,154–155, 163, 166Documentation, 1, 10, 14, 81, 149, 154Double taxation, 1, 9, 10, 22, 32, 54, 183, 184DTC, 68–69, 70–74, 75–76, 77–78, 80–81Dual-source, 21, 107Duplicative, 27, 166EeBay, 139, 163EBITDA, 60e-commerce, 2, 115, 161–162, 164Economic rate(s) of return, 2, 7, 15–16, 24, 62Economies of scale, 107Electronic toll collection, 125, 128Engineering, 28, 94, 101, 104, 110–111,112–113, 117, 128, 139, 158Engineering services, 110–111, 112–114Entry barrier, 109Established relationships, 47, 106, 109, 158Estimated tax costs, 178ETC, see Electronic toll collectionExcess capacity, 108, 146Excess inventories, 107Exclusive marketing agreements, 74Exclusive supply agreement, 71Exclusive supply arrangement, 71, 76Expertise, 46, 47, 147, 148, 150, 151, 157, 161Explicit costs, 9, 54External contributions, 34, 36, 37, 38, 40,180, 185External transactions, 19, 20, 24FFace Book, 163Fair market value, 30, 31, 37–38, 46, 48,52–53, 55–56, 58–59, 61, 132,133–134, 143, 156, 157, 160,165, 179, 185
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Index 189Country-specific risks, 21CPM, see Comparable profits methodCredit limits, 42, 150, 154Credit rating(s), 11, 55, 60–61, 134Credit risk, 45, 77, 151, 153, 155CRM, see Customer relationship managementCRM services, see Customer relationshipmanagement servicesCRO, see Contract Research OrganizationCSA, 33, 35, 39CUP method, see Comparable uncontrolledprice methodCustomer base, 21, 44, 107–108, 110, 114,116, 148Customer care, 112Customer data, 115, 126Customer-driven business, 147Customer relationship management, 101, 102,104, 111–112Customer relationship management services,102, 104, 111–112Customer service, 16, 83, 102, 110, 116, 117,118, 126Customization, 119, 151, 155, 158, 162,165–166, 171Customized, 107, 109, 115–116, 117, 122,129, 158, 162, 166Customized software, 158CUT method, see Comparable uncontrolledtransaction methodCycling of demand, 107DData constraints, 144Data Controller, 119Data limitations, 79, 144Data solicitation, 116–117, 118–119Dealer, 12, 43–44, 68, 69, 71–72, 73,76, 77, 80De Beers, 67, 68–72, 73–74Debt shield, 55, 134Decentralized, 128, 161–180Declining average prices, 106–108Deductions, 29, 55, 61, 132, 168, 170De facto, 24, 40, 134Delayed performance, 146, 151Derivative instruments, 42, 147, 156Derivatives, 42, 145, 147, 156Designer, 82–83Design features, 92Developer, 48, 83Diamond, 67–88, 103Diamond pipeline, 68, 74Digital, 63, 101, 104–105, 108, 126Direct costs, 95, 123Direct marketing, 116, 117, 119, 122Disclosure requirements, 117Discounted cash flow, 31, 52, 133, 167Discounted present value, 8, 15, 35, 36, 39,176, 177Discount rate, 178–179Disk drive, 101, 102–103, 104–105, 106–107,108, 109–110, 111Dispute resolution, 3, 52, 54, 88, 183–184Distribution agreement, 81, 89, 131–132Distributor, 18, 19, 20–21, 51–52, 90, 94, 96,98, 129, 130Distributor sample, 82Division of labor, 2–3, 31, 41, 53, 120, 143,154–155, 163, 166Documentation, 1, 10, 14, 81, 149, 154Double taxation, 1, 9, 10, 22, 32, 54, 183, 184DTC, 68–69, 70–74, 75–76, 77–78, 80–81Dual-source, 21, 107Duplicative, 27, 166EeBay, 139, 163EBITDA, 60e-commerce, 2, 115, 161–162, 164Economic rate(s) of return, 2, 7, 15–16, 24, 62Economies of scale, 107Electronic toll collection, 125, 128Engineering, 28, 94, 101, 104, 110–111,112–113, 117, 128, 139, 158Engineering services, 110–111, 112–114Entry barrier, 109Established relationships, 47, 106, 109, 158Estimated tax costs, 178ETC, see Electronic toll collectionExcess capacity, 108, 146Excess inventories, 107Exclusive marketing agreements, 74Exclusive supply agreement, 71Exclusive supply arrangement, 71, 76Expertise, 46, 47, 147, 148, 150, 151, 157, 161Explicit costs, 9, 54External contributions, 34, 36, 37, 38, 40,180, 185External transactions, 19, 20, 24FFace Book, 163Fair market value, 30, 31, 37–38, 46, 48,52–53, 55–56, 58–59, 61, 132,133–134, 143, 156, 157, 160,165, 179, 185
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