addressing climate change adaptation in regional transportation plans
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addressing climate change adaptation in regional transportation plans

addressing climate change adaptation in regional transportation plans addressing climate change adaptation in regional transportation plans

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Cal-Adapt ProjectionsTable 37. Summary of Cal-Adapt Climate Projections for the South Coast RegionEffectTemperatureChange, 1990-2100PrecipitationSea Level RiseHeat WaveSnowpackRangesJanuary increase in average temperatures: 1°F to 2.5°F by 2050 and 5°F to 6°F by2100July increase in average temperatures: 3°F to 4°F by 2050 and 5°F to 10°F by 2100with larger increases projected inland.(Modeled high temperatures; high carbon emissions scenario)Annual precipitation will vary by area but decline overall throughout the century.Low-lying coastal areas will lose up to 2 inches by 2050 and 3 to 5 inches by 2090,while high elevations will see a drop of 4 to 5 inches by 2050 and 8 to 10 inchesby 2090. (CCSM3 climate model; high emissions scenario)By 2100, sea levels may rise 55 inches, posing threats to many areas in the regionincluding Venice Beach, the Port of Long Beach, the South Coast naval stations,and San Diego Harbor. As a result of sea level rise, 45 percent more land in LosAngeles County, 40 percent more land in San Diego County, 35 percent more landin Ventura County, and 28 percent more land in Orange County will be vulnerableto 100-year floods.Along the coast, a heat wave is five days over temperature in the 80s. Inland, thetemperature must hit the 90s and 100s for five days. All areas can expect 3 to 5more heat waves by 2050 and 12 to 14 by 2100 in most areas of the region.March snowpack in the San Gabriel Mountains will decrease from the 0.7-inchlevel in 2010 to zero by the end of the century. (CCSM3 climate model; highemissions scenario)Wildfire RiskLittle change is projected in the already high fire risk in this region, save for slightincreases expected in a few coastal mountainous areas such as near Ojai and inCastaic, Fallbrook, and Mission Viejo.[Public Interest Energy Research, 2011. Cal-Adapt. Retrieved from http://cal-adapt.org]Water SourcesThe South Coast hydrologic region encompasses Ventura, Los Angeles, Orange,and San Diego counties, as well as the southwestern portion of San BernardinoCounty and western Riverside County. The region derives its water supplyprimarily from the State Water Project (SWP) (which draws from the Sierra), theColorado River, groundwater, and local imports. These sources vary in quantityin a given year, but on average the SWP and groundwater provide more than1 million acre-feet each, while the Colorado River provides nearly the same.Depending on the water supply in a given year, approximately 5 million acre-feetof water are used. Most of the use is by urban areas at around 4 million acrefeet,followed by agriculture, which uses about 0.5 to 1 million acre-feet annually.Total reservoir storage capacity is about 3 million acre-feet (DWR, 2009).PAGE 86APG: UNDERSTANDING REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

Biophysical CharacteristicsThe South Coast region contains several mountain ranges surrounding thecoastal basins of the Santa Clara, Los Angeles, and Santa Ana rivers. Elevationranges from sea level at the coast to around 200 feet for most of the urban areas(State of California, 2005c). The mountain ranges, which peak at about 8,000feet, are the major physical features of the South Coast counties and include theSierra Madres, the Transverse Ranges, and the Peninsular Ranges in Ventura, LosAngeles, and San Diego counties, respectively (DWR, 2009). Between the lattertwo ranges lies the 35mile-by-15-mile Los Angeles Basin, which is almost entirelyurbanized. The largest rivers are the Los Angeles, San Diego, San Gabriel, San LuisRey, Santa Ana, Santa Clara, and Santa Margarita. Due to urbanization, vegetationis constrained to the mountains and consists mostly of scrub and chaparral.Wildlife includes mountain lions, coyotes, raccoons, golden eagles, ospreys, brownpelicans, kangaroo rats, and foxes (grey and kit) (FRAP, 1998). Marine life includeswhales, dolphins, and California sea lions.Regional Entities• Air Districts: San Diego, South Coast, Ventura• Regional Governments: Southern California Association of Governments, SanDiego Association of Governments, Los Angeles Metropolitan TransportationAuthority, Orange County Transportation Authority, Ventura CountyTransportation Commission• Tribal Lands (U.S. EPA, 2011): Barona; Campo, Capitan Grande, Cuyapaipe,Inaja-Cosmit, Jamul Indian Village, La Jolla, La Posta, Los Coyotes, Manzanita,Mesa Grande, Pala, Pauma-Yuima, Rincon, San Pasqual, Santa Ysabel, Sycuan,Table Mountain, ViejasAPG: UNDERSTANDING REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS PAGE 87

Biophysical CharacteristicsThe South Coast region conta<strong>in</strong>s several mounta<strong>in</strong> ranges surround<strong>in</strong>g thecoastal bas<strong>in</strong>s of the Santa Clara, Los Angeles, and Santa Ana rivers. Elevationranges from sea level at the coast to around 200 feet for most of the urban areas(State of California, 2005c). The mounta<strong>in</strong> ranges, which peak at about 8,000feet, are the major physical features of the South Coast counties and <strong>in</strong>clude theSierra Madres, the Transverse Ranges, and the Pen<strong>in</strong>sular Ranges <strong>in</strong> Ventura, LosAngeles, and San Diego counties, respectively (DWR, 2009). Between the lattertwo ranges lies the 35mile-by-15-mile Los Angeles Bas<strong>in</strong>, which is almost entirelyurbanized. The largest rivers are the Los Angeles, San Diego, San Gabriel, San LuisRey, Santa Ana, Santa Clara, and Santa Margarita. Due to urbanization, vegetationis constra<strong>in</strong>ed to the mounta<strong>in</strong>s and consists mostly of scrub and chaparral.Wildlife <strong>in</strong>cludes mounta<strong>in</strong> lions, coyotes, raccoons, golden eagles, ospreys, brownpelicans, kangaroo rats, and foxes (grey and kit) (FRAP, 1998). Mar<strong>in</strong>e life <strong>in</strong>cludeswhales, dolph<strong>in</strong>s, and California sea lions.Regional Entities• Air Districts: San Diego, South Coast, Ventura• Regional Governments: Southern California Association of Governments, SanDiego Association of Governments, Los Angeles Metropolitan TransportationAuthority, Orange County Transportation Authority, Ventura CountyTransportation Commission• Tribal Lands (U.S. EPA, 2011): Barona; Campo, Capitan Grande, Cuyapaipe,Inaja-Cosmit, Jamul Indian Village, La Jolla, La Posta, Los Coyotes, Manzanita,Mesa Grande, Pala, Pauma-Yuima, R<strong>in</strong>con, San Pasqual, Santa Ysabel, Sycuan,Table Mounta<strong>in</strong>, ViejasAPG: UNDERSTANDING REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS PAGE 87

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