addressing climate change adaptation in regional transportation plans

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Sea level rise is also expected to affect vulnerable populations along the coastthrough the immediate effects of flooding and temporary displacement andlonger-term effects of permanent displacement and disruption of local tourism.Of particular concern are populations that do not have the resources to preparefor, respond to, and recover from disasters. Impacts could include temporaryand/or permanent displacement, drowning and property damage, and coastalerosion harming recreational activities, tourism, and the tourism industry.Vulnerable populations living in institutional settings are disproportionatelyvulnerable during evacuations from disasters. For instance, Solano and Marincounties have a high proportion of elderly living in nursing homes that could beaffected (English et al., 2007).FloodingThe risk of flooding is highest for the inland, low-lying areas in the eastern part ofthe region. Reduced snowpack and increased number of intense rainfall events inthe Northern Sierra are likely to put additional pressure on water infrastructure,including the Delta levees, which are already vulnerable (DWR, 2011). Theseimpacts increase the chance of flooding associated with breached levees or dams(e.g., in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta). Flooding and damage to infrastructurecan put large populations in adjacent regions at risk (CDPH, 2008), including:• The elderly and children less than five years of age, who are isolated ordependent on others for evacuation.• Populations that may lack the resources or knowledge to prepare orrespond to disaster due to language or economic status, including havingaccess to transportation, which would allow them to escape flooding, at leasttemporarily.• Vulnerable populations living in institutional settings who are particularlyvulnerable during evacuations from disasters. For instance, Solano, and Marincounties have a high proportion of elderly living in nursing homes that couldbe affected (English et al., 2007).Public Health, Socioeconomic, and Equity ImpactsSome of the state’s highest percentages of impervious surfaces are in the urbanareas of the San Francisco Bay Area, increasing the potential impacts of heatislands (English et al., 2007). Santa Clara, Alameda, San Francisco, and ContraCosta counties rank fifth, sixth, ninth, and tenth in the absolute numbers of theelderly and children less than five years of age. These two populations are mostlikely to suffer from heat-related illnesses and heat events (English et. al, 2007).The highest risk of heat-related illness occurred in the usually cooler regionsfound in coastal counties and not in the Central Valley where the highest actualtemperatures were experienced (Gershunov and Cayan, 2008; CDPH, 2008).APG: UNDERSTANDING REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS PAGE 34
Because of a lack of acclimatization, the largest mortality rate percent increasesin California are expected in coastal cities such as San Francisco (CNRA, 2009).Lodging and food services are among the top five employment sectors in Napa,San Francisco, and Solano counties, indicating that may be a significant numberof employees who work in the tourism industry/outdoors. Sea level rise mayimpact employees in the tourism industry. Air quality and heat events may impactoutdoor workers, including agricultural and dairy workers.The higher cost of living in some areas of this region (i.e. San Francisco, SiliconValley, Marin County) means low-income families pay a high percentage of theirincome on housing and transportation. Increases in food and energy costs mayimpact low-income residents.FireA slight increase in fire occurrence is projected for the region. This increaseis projected to be largest in the northeastern part of the region. Despitemoderate increases in fire risk, huge increases in fire damages are projected dueto high population in fire-vulnerable areas (Bryant and Westerling, 2009). Alongwith impacts associated with temporary and/or permanent displacement, longtermimpacts on the elderly and children under the age of five are of concern.Eye and respiratory illnesses due to air pollution resulting from wildfires, andexacerbation of asthma, allergies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),and other cardiovascular diseases, are likely to increase.AgricultureAlteration of temperature and precipitation regimes changes the seasons asexperienced by plants and animals. These changes are expected to affect thewine industry because the wine grape is a crop that requires a fairly narrowrange of climate conditions (Todorov, 2011). These changes might affect notonly wine grape growers, but also the businesses and residents dependent onthis industry. Communities reliant on the wine industry as an employment base,tourist attraction, or local economic base should closely collaborate with vintnerassociations and other local agricultural organizations to best understand the riskand support grower efforts to adapt. Communities also may need to plan for afuture in which wine grapes and associated activities make up a smaller part oftheir local economy.PAGE 35APG: UNDERSTANDING REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
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Addressing Climate Change Adaptatio
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appendix b reportState-of-the-Pract
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State-of-the-Practice Climate Chang
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Page 177 and 178: State-of-the-Practice Climate Chang
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Page 185 and 186: C A L I F O R N I AADAPTATIONPLANNI
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Page 190 and 191: Adaptation Planning Guide - Advisor
Page 192 and 193: List of Tables (cont’d.)Table 6.
Page 194 and 195: Climate Impact RegionsThe APG is or
Page 196 and 197: APGSTART HERE:PLANNING FOR ADAPTIVE
Page 198 and 199: What are the designated climate imp
Page 200 and 201: CA Climate Adaptation Planning Guid
Page 206 and 207: • Selected Demographic Data. Sele
Page 208 and 209: Cal-Adapt ProjectionsTable 1. Summa
Page 210 and 211: Selected Infrastructure and Regiona
Page 212 and 213: illnesses due to air pollution resu
Page 214 and 215: Additional Resources• Sea level r
Page 216 and 217: Cal-Adapt ProjectionsTable 5. Summa
Page 220 and 221: frequency can harm forests. Large i
Page 222 and 223: Bay Area RegionCounties: Alameda, C
Page 224 and 225: the Sacramento and San Joaquin rive
Page 226 and 227: Table 12. Selected Population Data
Page 230 and 231: Additional Resources• Public Heal
Page 232 and 233: Cal-Adapt ProjectionsTable 13. Summ
Page 236 and 237: Table 16. Selected Population Data
Page 238 and 239: As with crops, climate change impac
Page 240 and 241: Additional Resources• Wildfire Re
Page 242 and 243: elevations, increased static levee
Page 244 and 245: The ecosystem functions of the Delt
Page 246 and 247: Setting and HistoryThe California D
Page 248 and 249: The islands in the lower Bay-Delta
Page 250 and 251: Some of the questions that should b
Page 252 and 253: Southern Central Valley RegionCount
Page 254 and 255: Biophysical CharacteristicsThe west
Page 256 and 257: The crops produced are varied and i
Page 258 and 259: Communities in this region should e
Page 264 and 265: have the resources to prepare for,
Page 266 and 267: Additional Resources• Sea Level R
Page 272 and 273: Timber practices have also had ecos
Page 274 and 275: Southeast Sierra RegionCounties: Al
Page 276 and 277: Biophysical CharacteristicsThe sout
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ultimately result in reduced water
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Cal-Adapt ProjectionsTable 37. Summ
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Selected Infrastructure and Regiona
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particular concern are populations
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Additional Resources• Sea Level R
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Cal-Adapt ProjectionsTable 41. Summ
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Selected Infrastructure and Regiona
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industry around Big Bear. As there
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California Natural Resources Agency
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