...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
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...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?“Sometimes the criticism of science and technology is sosevere that it comes close to a condemnation of science itself.On the contrary, science and technology are a wonderfulresult of human creativity which is a gift from God. Theyhave furnished us with wonderful possibilities, and webenefit from them with a grateful soul. However, we knowthat this potential is not neutral: it can be used either f<strong>or</strong> theprogress of man, <strong>or</strong> f<strong>or</strong> his degradation”John Paul II (Hiroshima 25.02.1981)
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?CYB-ORG“cybernetic <strong>or</strong>ganism”...every <strong>or</strong>ganic life is cybernetic!
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?res cogitans vs res extensa
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?Haraway's Cyb<strong>or</strong>g = Nietzsche'sÜbermensch
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?Definition of CYBORG:Gray, Ment<strong>or</strong>, and Figueroa-Sarriera (1995):“the melding of the <strong>or</strong>ganic and the mechanic,<strong>or</strong> the engineering of a union between separate<strong>or</strong>ganic systems”
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?Definition of CYBORG:Gray, Ment<strong>or</strong>, and Figueroa-Sarriera (1995):“the melding of the <strong>or</strong>ganic and the mechanic,<strong>or</strong> the engineering of a union between separate<strong>or</strong>ganic systems”
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?Gray, Ment<strong>or</strong>, and Figueroa-Sarriera (1995):"There is no longer a 'partnership' between machineand <strong>or</strong>ganism; rather there is a symbioses and it ismanaged by cybernetics, the language common tothe <strong>or</strong>ganic and the mechanical"
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?Gray, Ment<strong>or</strong>, and Figueroa-Sarriera (1995):"There is no longer a 'partnership' between machineand <strong>or</strong>ganism; rather there is a symbioses and it ismanaged by cybernetics, the language common tothe <strong>or</strong>ganic and the mechanical"
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?Gray, Ment<strong>or</strong>, and Figueroa-Sarriera (1995):"There is no longer a 'partnership' between machineand <strong>or</strong>ganism; rather there is a symbioses and it ismanaged by cybernetics, the language common tothe <strong>or</strong>ganic and the mechanical"
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?Gray, Ment<strong>or</strong>, and Figueroa-Sarriera (1995):"There is no longer a 'partnership' between machineand <strong>or</strong>ganism; rather there is a symbioses and it ismanaged by cybernetics, the language common tothe <strong>or</strong>ganic and the mechanical"
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?HUMAN BEING + MACHINE = HUMAN BEING
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?LIVE ORGANISM + MACHINE = LIVEORGANISM
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?“Functional Replacement and Humanoids Robotics:the Fusion of Natural and Artificial Hardware”Maria Chiara CarrozzaItaly-Japan 2001 W<strong>or</strong>kshop: ‘HUMANOIDS: A Techno-Ontological Approach’
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?“Functional Replacement and Humanoids Robotics:the Fusion of Natural and Artificial Hardware”Maria Chiara CarrozzaItaly-Japan 2001 W<strong>or</strong>kshop: ‘HUMANOIDS: A Techno-Ontological Approach’
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?SYNERGY“syn” + “ergon”
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?HOMO CYBERSAPIENS(De Andres, 2002)
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?“tekné” = art & technics = human interactionwith material in <strong>or</strong>der to create interpersonaldialogue.
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?That which is f<strong>or</strong>malized by nature is naturaland that which is f<strong>or</strong>malized by human freedom isartificial (Arte Factum).The human person is by nature artificial, that is,that he <strong>or</strong> she is fully fulfilled based on his <strong>or</strong> herpersonal freedom.
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?The artifice becomes vehicle of the being inthe w<strong>or</strong>ld, of being with others, of beingoneself.
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?HUMAN TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES:Creation of inanimate tools directly <strong>or</strong>indirectly guided by human interventionCreation of machines that artificially assist<strong>or</strong>ganic life (bioengineering)Creation of symbolic devices
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?HUMAN TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES:Creation of inanimate tools directly <strong>or</strong>indirectly guided by human interventionCreation of machines that artificially assist<strong>or</strong>ganic life (bioengineering)Creation of symbolic devices
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?KINESIS - efficient causalityPRAXIS- final causality
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?Freedom is a trascendental of humanbeings that connect man with naturethrough habits(L. Polo, 1998)
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?Cybernetic machine – artificial praxis guided by AIOrganism – vital praxis guided by <strong>or</strong>ganic psycheHuman being – personal praxis guided by human intelligence
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?The final aim of the machine must be alwayssub<strong>or</strong>dinate to the final aim of the human being(telos, teleology)
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?HUMAN AUGMENTATIONCONSERVEREPAIRIMPROVE
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?"Initially it's a little hard to learn to ride a bike but onceyou learn it you do all of these things automatically andthe bike becomes almost a part of you"Manfred Clynes
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?
...<strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>homo</strong> <strong>cybersapiens</strong>?"Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether inyour own person <strong>or</strong> in the person of another, always atthe same time as an end and never simply as a means."Emmanuel Kant
The body as “natural product”“adequate instrument”
Are technics capable toproduce an adequateinstrument to humanplasticity?The natural character of the body is notonly the exclusion of artifacts, but thestatement of the adequate conditions in<strong>or</strong>der to the human final aim.
Cyber<strong>or</strong>ganic devices:n.g.e.
general principles of research on human subject mustbe taken in consideration; obiously, experimentation inthis radical type of intervention on human beings mustbe undertaken with great caution and adequateknowledge:1. The knowledge sought through research must beimp<strong>or</strong>tant ant obtainable by no other means, and theresearch must be carried on by qualified people;2. Appropriate experimentation upon animals an cadaversmust precede human experimentation;3. The risk of suffering <strong>or</strong> injury must be prop<strong>or</strong>tionate tothe good to be gained;4. Subjects must be selected so that risk and benefits willnot fall unequally upon one group in society.
Principle of respecting and promoting the “whole person”Principle of totalityPrinciple of hist<strong>or</strong>ical integrityPrinciple of relational integrityPrinciple of psycho-affective integrityPrinciple of solidarityPrinciple of justicePrinciple of not-marketing of the human body
The body counts f<strong>or</strong> nothing in the Apocalyptic AI community. F<strong>or</strong> example, inhis discussion of the ethical questions raised by <strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> technologies, KevinWarwick believes that physical enhancements to the body make nodifference. “Essentially it is not so much the physical enhancements <strong>or</strong> repairsthat should be our cause f<strong>or</strong> concern,” he writes, “but where the nature of anindividual is changed by the linking of human and machine mental functioning”(“Cyb<strong>or</strong>g m<strong>or</strong>als, <strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> values, <strong>cyb<strong>or</strong>g</strong> ethics,” Ethics and Inf<strong>or</strong>mationTechnology 5: 3 (2003): 131-137, 131).That is, the body is irrelevant to considerations of what it really means to behuman; only the mind counts.Geraci 2003
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