Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan - Cheyenne and ...

“We are the land. Weacknowledge our relationshipto the land and the legacyour ancestors entrusted tous, which is a remnant ofour once vast land holdings.We envision a futureof cultural wealth andwholeness where ourchildren and elders livein a prosperous andsustainable landscapethat is our territory asTsistsistas and Hinónóéí.”

Néá’êšemenoNéá’ešeHohóúNéá’ešeHahóoNéá’êšemenoHahóoNéá’êšemenoBébi’íniNéá’êšemeHohóúHahóoNéá’ešeBébi’íni HahóoHohóú Néá’êšeme Bébi’íniNéá’êšemenoNéá’ešeBébi’íniNéá’ešeNéá’êšemeNéá’ešeNéá’êšemeHahóoHohóúNéá’êšemeNéá’êšemenoMelvin Roman Nose, Coordinator, EnergyConservation/ EECBGMinita Runningwater, Executive Director,Department of HealthLarry Scott, Construction Manager, EconomicDevelopmentLaDonna Tall Bear, EPAHerbert Whitebuffalo, Project Specialist, RoadsConstruction ProgramMichael Whitecloud, Culture & HeritageEconomic DevelopmentBrian Foster, CEO, CasinosGloria Smith, General Manager, Feather WarriorCasinoChester Whiteman, Director, EconomicDevelopmentBilly Williamson, Media, Department of EducationDeborah Woolworth, Executive Director, TribalEnrollmentOklahoma City and Oklahoma State Data ServicesAmerican Horse CouncilAECOMDesign + PlanningBruce Meighen, AICP, Principal-in-ChargeCameron Gloss, AICP, Project ManagerMegan Moore, ASLA, Assoc. AIA, Design LeadMaria Michieli-Best, Graphic LayoutGretchen Bustillos, Graphic DesignCasey Smith, GISEconomicsChris BrewerWes LeBlancRichard StarrSpecial Thanks To:Carolyn Washee Freeland, CWF Planning Services,LLC

A WelcomeThis Comprehensive Plan represents a sharedvision for the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribesand the necessary steps to achieve the vision.Based on over twenty public events spreadover 6,000 square miles and attended by over350 participants, this Plan is written as a clearguide to future Tribal decision-making far intothe future.The Plan focuses on:• A description of the rich Cheyenne andArapaho cultures and those uniquequalities associated with the Tribes’substantial land holdings.• An extensive public involvement processto understand Tribal members’ vision forfuture economic growth, transportation,utilities, land use, recreation, employmentand housing.

The purpose of the Comprehensive Plan is tosupport the traditional culture and valuesof the Cheyenne and Arapaho people...The Comprehensive Plan:• Gives general, advisory guidance;• Is long-range (50+ years); and• Is the official policy document adopted by the Tribes.A Comprehensive Plan creates an environment thatfosters an enhanced quality of life for Tribal residentsand helps the Tribes respond effectively to citizens’ social,environmental, and development concerns.To that end, the Comprehensive Plan will be designed to:• Improve the health, safety, quality oflife, and welfare of the Tribes;• Provide a unified vision for the Tribes;• Achieve rational and logical patternsof growth;• Identify feasible economicdevelopment strategies;• Maintain a desirable level ofenvironmental quality;• Be fiscally sustainable; and• Be built on the core valuesof Kinship, Trust and Loyalty,Teamwork, Respect, KindredSocieties, and Self Identity

...and to make strategic future decisionsabout where to acquire land and invest inroads, utilities and economic enterprises sothat the land and culture of the Cheyenneand Arapaho is preserved.• Evaluation of options for future economicopportunities on lands controlled by theTribes, including means to achieve greaterTribal self-sufficiency.• Preparation of a detailed implementationstrategy that creates a blueprint for futureaction.To start the comprehensive plan effort,existing information was collected to create abaseline of current conditions, conclusions andrecommendations of existing plans; providinga catalog of current conditions including social,environmental, and economic factors; andidentifying initial areas of opportunity andconstraint. Included was an assessment ofneeds and opportunities, a survey of existingnatural conditions, and an evaluation ofthe Tribes’ land holdings and status. Thisinformation provided necessary analytical datato test options, develop policies, and refine thevision.Existing Cheyenne and Arapaho planningstudies consulted include:• 2009 Base Studies Report, 2009. CWFPlanning Services• Economic Impact Study, 2007. WHPacific.• Culture and Heritage Survey, 2008.Cheyenne and Arapaho Culture andHeritage Program.• Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes DemographicHealth and Communities Survey, 2009.University of Oklahoma, Dr. Loretta Bass.• Cheyenne & Arapaho Housing Study, 2009• Comprehensive Economic DevelopmentStrategy, 2011.This document is composed of five Chapters:Chapter One, Our Foundation, begins byreflecting historical notes, stories and images ofTribal culture, history and land use traditions.Chapter Two, Values-Based Vision, describesthe values of Tribal members and how thosevalues shape the vision of future growth.Chapter Three, Guiding Principles, takesthe vision to the next level, outlining theframework for development and the growth andpreservation principles applied to Tribal lands.Chapter Four, Community Asset Areas,describes the physical places where the Tribessee the greatest opportunity to create change.Ten sites, their economic potential, and specificactions to see them realized are explored.Chapter Five, Plan Implementation, shows howthe Tribes can capture economic opportunities,and outlines a specific set of goals organizedby immediate, short-, mid-, and long-termmeasures.

Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

table of contentsChapter One Foundation 1Chapter Two Values-Based Vision 25Chapter Three Guiding Principles 39Chapter Four Community Asset Areas 61Chapter Five Plan Implementation 93Appendix A Values Polling Results 125Welcome

OneOur FoundationCulture, history and the land form the basis ofour unique identity as Cheyenne and Arapaho.Chapter One, Our Foundation, includes anexplanation of our historical origins andtraditions. Elements covered in this sectioninclude our relationship with nature, ourtraditional housing, our clothing, stories, songs,food and art. With this understanding of ourpast, we are able to paint a picture of a futurethat reflects our Tribal culture and history.Our cultural heritage can be retained onlyby passing down this knowledge throughthe education of the Tribal population,particularly the youth. Education will occurinformally through our families and day-to-dayinteractions with fellow Tribal members and,in a more structured way, through Tribal youthprograms and the Cheyenne and ArapahoTribal College.

WheelerRoger MillsOur LandThe Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribal Lands areheld in a fragmented checkerboard patternover a nine-county area. Just over 80,000 acres(125 square miles) of the 6,676 square miles ofland within the Cheyenne and Arapaho servicearea is controlled as land held in trust by theU.S. Government, either for the Tribes or forindividual Tribal members. About 10,000 acresare leased for grazing, crop production andenergy development.This checkerboard Tribal ownership patternwas created largely as a result of the GeneralAllotment Act of 1887 (Dawes Act). Under thisAct, each head of a family received a 160-acreallotment; each single person over 18 and everyorphan received an 80-acre allotment for astatutory period of 25 years.The government opened the sale of any surplusland within the former reservation area to non-Native American settlement, thus creating thecheckerboard pattern. Cheyenne and Arapaholand ownership eroded over time as propertyheirs further divided land. Much of the originalland allotted to the Cheyenne and Arapaho wassold after the statutory period lapsed.LipscombEllisHemphillEllisHemphillRoger MillsWoodwardEllisRoger MillsBeckhamWheelerBeckham§¨¦ 40CollingsworthBeckhamBeckhamGreerB2 Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Our CultureTsistsistas and Hinónóéí are among the 564 first nations referred to as indigenous peoples,xamaa-voestaneo’o, and “the natural, ordinary, simple people of this land.”Tribal philosophers concur that the Tribes’ life, culture and environment is composed of thefour basic elements: water, earth, wind and fire. The Cheyenne and Arapaho exist in aninterdependent, interrelated extended family where everything stands in proper relationshipto everything else. They are a part of the environment and the environment is a part of them.Literally planted in the land’s surface, they are to live as responsible stewards of the earth.WaterThe first of the four elements traditionallyequated with life is water. Since the humanbody is nearly 75% water, we consist of therivers, streams, lakes and ponds around us.Water forges relationships, resulting in auniversal connection of all life, from humanbeings to plants and animals. Water formsconnections, whether it falls from the skies asrain or stands in lakes and pools, whether itflows in rivers and streams or is stored deepunderground in aquifers, whether frozen as ice,heated as steam, or circling as fog.EarthEarth (or land) symbolizes the kinship ofall life. Red earth is the beginning of allsubstances on earth, in which humans arespiritually rooted or attached. Molded fromdirt, soil, clay, mud or dust, we come from theearth, belong to the earth, journey in life acrossthis earth, and in the end, return to this earth.WindIt is said that in the beginning, the “AllSpirit” breathed upon the world, thus givingit life. Life is that magnificent human journeybetween two breaths, the first at birth, thelast at death. Wind is associated with breathand words. Words contain the power to bringhappiness or to hurt, and must be usedcarefully. The breath of earth is the invisibleand odorless mixture of gases which envelopsand protects the earth, holding all life togetherin an interconnected whole.4 Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Medicine WheelFireThe fourth basic element is fire or light. Thereis an unseen fire hidden within that gives offwarmth; the fire we carry within makes usrelated to fire, firelight and sunlight, and to thesun. It is this fire that burns in all life.Source: Dr. Henrietta MannOur Foundation5

Our CultureBen Depew, Life Among the Cheyennes (pg. 13c).ShelterTipiAs Cheyenne and Arapaho cultures becamemore nomadic, they used tipis constructed ofbuffalo hides that could be easily erected andtaken down as each Tribe moved from place toplace. Since they moved frequently to followthe buffalo herds, a tipi had to be carefullydesigned to set up and break down quickly. Anentire village could be packed up and ready tomove on within an hour.Both Tribes utilize a three-pole tripod as thebasic support structure. Similar in appearance,tipis are designed to accommodate an indoorfire for heating and cooking. Two smoke flapsat the top of the tipi can be adjusted with longpoles. These smoke flaps are set at right anglesto the wind, preventing it from blowing in. Theliner adds insulation in winter, and assists incirculating air within the tipi. In hot weather,the lining is removed and the outside skin isunpegged and rolled up to create ventilation.Image source: http://www.c-a-tribes.org/historical-photographcollection,September 2010.6 Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

ENGLISH CHEYENNE ARAPAHOOne Na’ėstse CeeseyTwo Néše NiisThree Na’he NeesoFour Neve YeinFive Nóho Yoo3onMan Hetane HinenWoman Hé’e HiseiDog Hotame or Oeškeso He3Sun Éše’he HiisiisMoon Taa’é-eše’he BiikousiisWater Mahpe NecWhite Vo’kome Nonoocoo’Yellow Heove Niihooyoo’Red Ma’ė Bee’ee’Black Mo’ohta Wo’oteeyoo’Eat Emese Bii3ihSee Evoohta Nonoohooto’Hear Enesta NeniitonootSing Enemene NiibeiinooLeave Enoohta Nonoo3ootLanguageThe Cheyenne and Arapaho languages arepart of a larger group of Algonquian languageshistorically spoken on the Great Plains, andare related to the Blackfoot and Gros Ventre.One of the key characteristics of the languagesis that they have been passed down historicallythrough the spoken word.The importance of retaining the Cheyenneand Arapaho languages has been elevated inrecent years, as there have been increasedconcentration on promoting cultural prideand awareness, but there remains a threat tothe traditional languages. Previous efforts atlanguage preservation have produced a largebody of knowledge, but these efforts havenot led to a growth in the number of youngerfluent or semi-fluent speakers. Cheyenne andArapaho children learn traditional phrases, butare challenged to achieve fluency due to lack ofuse in the home.The Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes LanguageProgram has been designed to try and counterthe loss of the traditional languages. TheProgram trains tribal members to be potentialteachers, to learn the languages in a naturalsetting, create teaching methodology andparticipate in an Apprenticeship Program. TheProgram also teaches and trains interestedTribal members to become leaders in usinglanguage in the home and the community.Our Foundation7

Our CultureGirl in buckskin dress. Photo courtesy Sharon Antelope, Leslie Panana.ClothingThe Cheyenne and Arapaho used similarclothing designs as other Plains Indian tribes.Most clothing was made of animal hides andparts, using everything from buffalo to deerand elk. Arapaho women wore moccasins, kneelengthleggings and a dress. Arapaho men worea breechcloth, sometimes a shirt, hip-lengthdeerskin leggings and a robe. Cheyenne menwore moccasins and women wore high fringedboots. A Cheyenne women’s dress or warrior’sshirt was fringed and often decorated withporcupine quills, shells and elk teeth.8 Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive PlanBuckskin dress. Photo by Jeannette Sequaptawa-McNeil.Buckskin DressAlthough designs differed, both Cheyenne andArapaho women wore long buckskin dresses.Cheyenne dresses are known for the rectangledesign across the front and the shoulders.Earth paint is used to color the bottom of thedress. Cheyenne buckskin dresses traditionallyhad short fringes on the sleeves, and includethree pouches that hang down the back fromthe belt for a knife, an awl, and medicine.The Arapaho dresses were ankle-length andfringed with buckskin. Porcupine-quills,paint, elk-teeth and beads were used forornamentation. Their knee-length leggingslaced in the front and were often decoratedwith yellow ochre and bands of quillwork.Arapaho clothing did not traditionally includepockets, so pouches were tied to the belt.

Jeannette Sequaptawa-McNeil and her baby in a cradleboard Photo byUrsula Craig, Salt Lake City, Utah.CradleboardUsed to carry babies, cradleboards are madefrom beaded leather, lined with soft cloth, andmounted on a wooden backboard. Cheyennewomen used cradleboards with long decoratedpieces of wood that could be attached tothe side of the horse when traveling. Thisparticular example includes beadwork knownas “lazy stitch”, with seven beads in a row.Cradleboards were often lined with cattails orcottonwood to absorb liquid and odor.Moccassins and Pipe bags by Jeannette Sequaptawa-McNeilMoccasin DesignBoth the men’s and women’s moccasins weremade of rawhide soles and buckskin tops.Traditional Cheyenne men’s moccasins havethree matching designs along the sides anda “cedar tree” at the toe. Arapaho men’smoccasins predominately include longitudinalstripes along the top of different widths anddesigns.Pipe BagsThe Cheyenne used pipe bags to hold thehighly respected pipes and tobacco. The pipebag represents the leadership characteristics ofsociety members, chiefs and headmen.Source: Jeannette –Sequaptawa-McNeil, Ursule Brian PrairieChiefOur Foundation9

Our CultureMusicSong and DanceThe Cheyenne and Arapaho use music anddance as a way to celebrate, court, sacrificeand pray. Ceremonial and celebratory songand dance can be tradition, created by Tribalmembers, or received in visions. Most arepassed on orally; the Sun Dance, Vision Quest,and of war are the oldest documented, althoughit is very likely there are many older songs.InstrumentsArapaho musical instruments are used toaccompany singing and sometimes dancing,and often symbolize the sounds of nature andanimals. Large doubled-skinned bass drumscommonly accompany singing.DrumsThe drum remains sacred within the Cheyenneand Arapaho cultures; Arapahos consider thedrum to be an animate object and refer to it thesame way they would a person or animal. It is,in a sense, alive.Both large and small drums are used duringCheyenne and Arapaho events, dependentupon the occasion and number of participants.Drums used during a powwow, for example, arelarger than those used for personal spiritualpractice. Often referred to as hand drums,those used for personal playing are only largeenough for one person hold in one hand andstrike with a drumstick.When singing with the drum at a powwow orother gathering, many people can hit the drumtogether. A typical drum group consists of tento twelve male drummer/singers, accompaniedby female singers who join partway through10Rock artCheyenne & Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive PlanSources: The Arapaho Project, Nettle. 1965.

Color Guardthe song at a higher pitch. Series of harddrumbeats occur at specific points duringthe songs, “honoring” the drum and workingin conjunction with the dancers. Dancersacknowledge the beats in different waysaccording to their style of dance. As a sign ofrespect for the instrument, a drum is not leftunattended during a powwow.FlutesAs one of the only instruments to be playedunaccompanied, the flute plays a largepart in the Cheyenne and Arapaho culture.Constructed with two air chambers, theinterior is separated by a wall that creates atop and bottom air chamber. The top chambergives the flute its particular sound.Flute makers historically use woods basedon the desired tone of the instrument andthe material’s availability. Softwoods such assoft maple provide softer tones produced bythe wood. Other harder woods such as ash,cottonwood, harder maples, cherry and walnutproduce a clear, crisp tone that has a clearerrange of notes. Cedar is a preferred wood formaking contemporary flutes because it is softand straight-grained, making it easier to carve.Cedar also contains natural oils that preventthe wood from becoming saturated by moisturefrom the musician’s breath.Traditional flutes were constructed using sizebased on the user’s body. The length of the flutewould be the distance from armpit to wrist,the length of the top air chamber would beone fist-width, the distance from the whistleto the first hole also a fist-width, the distancebetween holes would be one thumb-width, andthe distance from the last hole to the end wouldgenerally be one fist-width.Our Foundation11

Our CultureHistoric Food SourcesThe Cheyenne and Arapaho originallysubsisted on harvested crops and gatheredwild plant foods, in addition to the hunting ofbuffalo, elk and deer. Once the Tribes acquiredhorses, reliance on farming decreased, andgreater focus was placed on following theseasonal migration of buffalo.The buffalo has held great significance to theCheyenne and Arapaho. Like many otherplains tribes, the Cheyenne and Arapahorelied on the buffalo as a critical naturalresource. Buffalo bones, hooves, hide, guts,horn, sinew, fat and flesh were all used. Itprovided food, housing, medication, tools,ritual, and adornment. Every part of theanimal had a use and a purpose.A massive slaughter of buffalos occurredduring the 1800’s that almost exterminatedthe species. More than 60 million buffaloroamed North America prior to 1600, but, by1885, the number dwindled to 500. Buffalowere slaughtered for a multitude of reasons.At first, buffalo was a food source for railroadconstruction workers, but the numbers killedrapidly rose as hunters found buffalo to behighly profitable and recreational shooting ofbuffalo became popular with tourists. Manyalso speculate that settlers killed buffalo asa way to exercise greater control over Tribalcommunities. The destruction of buffalo herdsdisrupted the self-sufficient lifestyle of theTribes.Ranchers, state and federal parks and tribesstarted bringing back buffalo by the end ofthe 19h century. At that time, tribes began tosign treaties with the U.S. Government in anattempt to protect the land and the buffalo fortheir future generations.The largest Tribal buffalo herd in Oklahomabelongs to the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes.There are currently 260 head of buffalo on3,000 acres of native grasslands located onthe Concho Reserve. Cheyenne and Arapahomembers of the Inter Tribal Buffalo Council(ITBC), understood that reintroduction of thebuffalo to tribal lands would help heal thespirit of both the Indian people and the buffalo.Source: ITBC12Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

The Cheyenne and Arapaho relied on the buffalo as a criticalnatural resource; every part had a use and a purpose.TANNED HIDE: clothes,tipi covers, moccasins,blankets, “quilts” totransport fresh buffalomeat, harnesses, bridles,braided ropes, shieldsRAW HIDE: par fleche,masks, water troughs,buckets, cinches,ornaments, rattles, sheaths,snowshoes, moccasin soles,caps, drums, rafts, saddles,trunks, quivers, ropes,shields, lariats, shroudsMEAT: immediate use,pemmican, sausage, driedmeat/jerkyTENDONS / MUSCLES /SINEW: rope, bow strings,eaten raw, boiled or dried,arrow ties, bowstrings,cinches, TONGUE, combs/hairbrushes, foodSHOULDER BLADE: hoes,skinning/butchering knivesSPINAL COLUMN: crushedand boiled to extract greaseHOOVES: glues, hatchets,bells, toolsINTESTINES: driedfor string, charms andpendantsSKULL: decorated and usedin religious rituals, altars,dehairing toolsHORN CAPS: cups, ladles,fire containersFUR: string, jewelry, fillerfor cushions, saddles,pillows, hairpieces,blankets, saddle covers,gloves/mittensTAIL: decorations,flyswatters, knife sheaths,medicines, switches andwhipsHOOF SHEATH:containers, glues, rattles,spoons, wind chimesSTOMACH CONTENTS:medicines, paintsDEW CLAWS: glues,rattles, wind chimesBLADDER: food pouches,medicine bags, watercontainersDUNG: diaper powders,fuelsGALL: yellow paintBLOOD: paints, puddings,soupsBRAINS: food, hidepreparationSTOMACH LINING:cooking vessels, watercontainersLIVER: food, tanning agentHORNS: arrow points, cups,fire carriers, headdresses,ladle, medications,ornaments, powderhorns,signals, spoons, toysBONES: arrowheads,war clubs, toys, splints,eating utensils, awls,fleshing tools, game die,jewelry, knives, paintingtools, pipes, sleds, shovels,scrapersFAT: soaps, tallows, hairgreases, cosmetics, filledpipe sealers, tanning agentsFOOT BONES: teethingtoys, horse/buffalo toysOur Foundation13

Our HistoryThe Cheyenne and Arapaho represent thewesternmost groups of the large Algonquianfamily that spread prehistorically over thenorthern and eastern woodlands of the UnitedStates. Many facts of their wandering havebeen lost in the shadows of pre-history, but theearliest known evidence began around the year1600.The Arapaho were located east of theheadwaters of the Mississippi River, borderingthe western end of Lake Superior in Minnesota.The Cheyenne were situated along the eastbank of the Mississippi River in what is nowsoutheastern Minnesota.MigrationThe first known migration in what was tobecome a relentless “moving about” tookplace around 1675, with both groups movingwestward into the Dakota country. TheArapaho relocated along the headwaters of theMissouri River, while the Cheyenne settledin the same general area of North Dakota.Another move further west occurred during theearly 1700s, but south into the Black Hills ofSouth Dakota.Yellow WomanBen Depew, Life Among the Cheyennes (pg. 13b).Thomas Bear Robe14Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

As late as 1724, these uprooted farmers stillused dog travois to haul their goods. By 1770,the Chippewa’s became sufficiently armed andpowerful enough to destroy the main Cheyennesettlement in North Dakota. By 1796, the datewhich marks the definite beginning of thePlains culture, the Sioux acquired horses. Nottoo long after, the smallpox epidemic of 1800eliminated nearly one-half of the CheyenneTribe.In 1804, Lewis and Clark reported someCheyenne still residing in the Black Hills area;however, another migration was imminent,taking the Tribe south to the upper branches ofthe Platte River in Wyoming and Nebraska.Migration patterns of the Cheyenne and Arapaho.Image source: http://www.c-a-tribes.org/historical-photograph-collection, September 2010. Map source: National Park Service, WashitaOur Foundation15

Our HistoryLand allotment paper from March 3rd, 1981 Treaty. Courtesy of Sharon Antelope and Leslie PananaArapaho women16Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Treaties and AgreementsThe first treaty signed by Cheyenne chiefs onbehalf of the Tribe took place at a gathering inMontana in 1825 on the Teton River. Around1835, a portion of the Tribe separated itselffrom the main body to become known as theSouthern Cheyenne and Arapaho, settlingalong the Arkansas River in Colorado. It is thisgroup that currently resides in several of thenorthwestern counties of Oklahoma.1851 marked the final separation of theSouthern Cheyenne from the main body,subsequently known as the NorthernCheyenne. As a result of the westwardexpansion of the non-natives, the SouthernCheyenne and Arapaho ceded all of their landclaims in Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado andWyoming to the United States on February18, 1861 at Fort Wise, Kansas. The UnitedStates in turn was to provide a reservationfor them on a branch of the Arkansas River inColorado. The Arapaho Tribe was assigned tothe eastern portion of the reservation, whereasthe Cheyenne Tribe was given the westernportion. However, the agreement was neverconsummated.After the Sand Creek Massacre (describedon page 18), an agreement was signedwhereby the Cheyenne and Arapaho agreed torelinquish the never occupied reservation insoutheastern Colorado and accept in place areservation further south in Kansas and IndianTerritory. The agreement was formalizedunder the Medicine Lodge Treaty of October28, 1867. The Tribes never lived on the landdescribed in the treaty and did not desire to.Then, by proclamation issued August 10, 1869,President Grant approved the transfer of theiroriginal reservation to the present day westernOklahoma location. It was this latter areawhich the Cheyenne and Arapaho occupied as areservation held in common from 1869 to 1890,and which makes up land known today as theCheyenne - Arapaho Land Base (or under theCensus Bureau as the “Cheyenne - ArapahoOklahoma Tribal Statistical Area”).The “Jerome Agreement” of 1890 provided,in part, for the dissolution of the Reservationand the relinquishment by the Cheyenne andArapaho of all the lands embraced within theexterior boundaries of the reservation exceptfor allotments to individual Indians andreserves for military, agency, school, schoolfarms,religious or other public uses. Underthis agreement, each Indian was to retain 160acres and the excess lands opened to othersettlers. The Cheyenne and Arapaho countrywas opened for white settlement on April 19,1892.In 1937, the Cheyenne and Arapaho organizeda government for their common welfare andadopted a Constitution and by-laws pursuantto the Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act.Decisions and policies once made by chiefswere enacted in a representative committee ofeight members elected for four-year terms, ona staggered two-year basis. A Constitutionalrevision in 1975 restructured the governingbody of the Tribes to an eight member BusinessCommittee with an equal representation ofCheyenne and Arapaho members. The newrevised Constitution also established the TribalCouncil, which consists of all tribal membersover the age of eighteen.On April 4, 2006, the Cheyenne and ArapahoTribes formally adopted a new Constitutionand by-laws. The Constitution now requires aTribal Legislature to enact an annual budgetby law, which includes an appropriation ofoperating funds for the Tribal Council, theExecutive Branch and the Judicial Branch.Source: Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes 2009 Base Studies Report;www.c-a-tribes.orgOur Foundation17

Our HistorySand Creek, ColoradoDuring the fall of 1863, settlers in Coloradobecame alarmed by inflammatory rumors ofa general Native American uprising. Thisperspective of Colorado settlers, combined withan anti-Native American attitude, prevailedand culminated in the attack by white soldiersand volunteers on the Cheyenne and ArapahoIndian encampment under Chief Black Kettle.Black Kettle was a peace-seeking chief of aband of nearly 600 Southern Cheyennes andArapahos that followed the buffalo alongthe Arkansas River of Colorado and Kansas.Believing they were under the protection of theU.S. Army, about 500 Cheyenne and Arapahopeople were winter camped along the northbank of Big Sandy Creek. The village consistedmainly of women, children and the elderly;many of the men were away seeking food.Although informed that Chief Black Kettle hadalready surrendered, a force of about 700 menassembled at Fort Lyon, and plans were madefor an attack on the Indian encampment. Inthe early morning hours of November 29, 1864,many Cheyenne, mostly women and children,were killed in what is known as the “SandCreek Massacre.”The Sand Creek Massacre National HistoricSite was designated in November 2000 topreserve and commemorate the site of theSand Creek Massacre. In the summer of2005, the Secretary of Interior accepted trustresponsibility for 1,465 acres within the site,owned by the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes.This area, the former Dawson Ranch, wasacquired by the Tribes in 2003.Source: National Park Service.http://www.nps.gov/sand/historyculture18Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Bear Butte, South DakotaBear Butte, which resembles a reclining bearfrom a distance, stands on the periphery of theBlack Hills in South Dakota. Its highest pointresembles a tipi; it is said that all the sacredpowers of the world assembled within to teachthe great Cheyenne prophet Sweet Medicinethe ways of the people. From there he broughtthe Cheyenne many peaceful teachings, whichcontinue to sustain them as they walk the roadof life. The Cheyennes refer to Bear Butte astheir teaching mountain.Charles Sooktis, late Keeper of the SacredBuffalo Hat, has observed that there wereother tribes besides the Cheyennes whoseways center upon Bear Butte. He contendsthat the Arapaho, too, received sacred objectsand teachings from this “hill that gives.” TheArapaho lived in the Black Hills and its vicinitybefore the Cheyennes arrived, and it was therein the shadow of the Black Hills that theyjoined in the historic alliance that the southernbands of both groups continue to honor today.Source: Dr. Henrietta MannOur Foundation19

our governmentThe Cheyenne and Arapaho governmentconsists of a Tribal Council, ExecutiveBranch, Legislative Branch and JudicialBranch. The Tribal Council includes all Tribalmembers over the age of 18. The Governorand Lieutenant Governor lead the ExecutiveBranch. The Legislative Branch is made up oflegislators from the four Arapaho districts andfour Cheyenne districts. The Judicial Branchincludes a Supreme Court, including one ChiefJustice and four Associate Justices, a TrialCourt, and any lower courts deemed necessaryby the Legislature.Executive Branch Organizational StructureGovernorLieutenant GovernorChief-of-StaffLegal AssistantExecutiveAssistant IChief AnalystPublic RelationsManagerExecutiveAssistant IIReceptionistGamingCommissionElectionCommissionHealthCommissionHousingCommissionDept. of SocialServicesDept. ofAdministrationDept. of HealthDept. ofEnrollmentDept. of JusticeDept. ofHousingDept. of LawDept. ofTreasuryDept. ofEducationSource: 2009 Base Studies Report.20Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Judicial Branch Organizational StructureJudicial Commission (5)Supreme CourtAssociate Judges (4)Trial CourtChief JudgeAssociate JudgeCourt ClerkPublic DefenderDeputy Court ClerkProbation OfficerSource: 2009 Base Studies Report.Legislative Branch Organizational StructureDistrict ICheyenne RepresentativeArapaho RepresentativeDistrict IICheyenne RepresentativeArapaho RepresentativeDistrict IIICheyenne RepresentativeArapaho RepresentativeDistrict IVCheyenne RepresentativeArapaho RepresentativeOffice of LegalCounselSpeaker of the LegislatureLegislativeClerkLegislativeOffice AssistantDirector ofLegislative StaffSpeaker’sAdministrative AideOffice of Inter-Governmental AffairsOffice of LegislativeAffairsOffice of LegislativeBudgetOffice of LegislativeOversightInter-GovernmentalAffairs OfficerDirectorCoordinatorof LegislativeCommitteesDirectorAnalystDirectorAdministrativeAssistantAdministrativeAssistantAdministrativeAssistantAdministrativeAssistantSource: 2009 Base Studies Report.Our Foundation21

Our PeopleOf the 12,232 enrolled Cheyenne and ArapahoOklahoma Tribal members, 4,876 reside withinthe nine-county service area. Children up toage 17 number 1,600, represented 33% of thistotal. Adults age 18 to 54 represented 57%(2,755) of the population. Elders over the age of55 made up 11% of the population.The last pattern shows a small percentageof elders, which indicates a natural decreasein the population attributed to higher deathrates. Comparing the older age cohorts with theyounger age cohorts, displays how the overallCheyenne and Arapaho population is slightlydeclining.The Tribal Population Pyramid below showsa smaller number of youth within the Tribalpopulation. The next pattern on the pyramidshows a large number of working age Tribalmembers. Within the next twenty years,a portion of this age group will enter theretirement or elder population.Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribal Population Pyramid(March 2009)Age 80 and UpAge 75 to 79Age 70 to 74Age 65 to 69Age 60 to 64Age 55 to 59Age 50 to 54Age 45 to 49Age 40 to 44Age 35 to 39Age 30 to 34Age 25 to 29Age 20 to 24Age 15 to 19Age 5 to 9Age 10 to 14Age 0 to 4800 600 400 200 0 200 400 600 800MaleFemaleSource: 2009 Base Studies Report.22Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Jeannette Sequaptewa-McNeil and child. Photo by Jeannette Sequaptewa-McNeil.Our Foundation23

TwoOur Values-Based Vision VisionAs described in Chapter One, Foundation,having a strong cultural foundation isnecessary to determining our future vision.One of the primary goals of the ComprehensivePlan is to establish the future collective visionof Tribal members based on an inclusive publicprocess. This Tribal community participationhelped to craft a plan that responds to themost important issues to the Tribal community,both collectively and individually.Values-Based Vision describes the creativeapproaches and key events used to engage aTribal population spread over great distancesand formulate comments received during publicmeetings in to an overall vision for the future.A four phased approach was used to developthis plan and involve Tribal members.Phase 1: Vision + Start-up• A Project Kickoff was conducted tointroduce the project to Tribal members.• A detailed Plan for involving the Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribal community was developed.• Key Tribal members and other groups wereinterviewed about what is desired.• Visioning workshops were held tounderstand Tribal values and create anoverall vision for the future.Phase 2: Opportunities• Lands most suitable for Tribalopportunities and focus were identified.• A map was prepared showing a possiblepattern for development of Tribal lands.• Workshops were held to evaluateopportunities to meet the Vision.• Community Choice workshops were held toexamine each community asset site.• Youth were involved through an artcompetition.Phase 3: Scenarios• Long-term development of communityassets were illustrated through maps anddiagrams.• A preferred Overall Framework Plan andsite plans were developed.• Community Asset Plans were reviewed withthe community at the Powwow.Phase 4: Prepare the Plan• A draft Comprehensive Plan was prepared,including the steps to implement.• The draft Plan was presented to Tribalmembers throughout the process using suchtools as the Plan Van.• The Comprehensive Plan document wasfinalized.

Tribal InvolvementMutualOver 20 public events were spread overthe 6,676 square mile service area.ViciCamargo*Seiling Events• VisioningWorkshop• Plan Van TourFLeedeyPutnamBlack Kettle National GrasslandHammon Events• Visioning WorkshopReydon*• Plan Van TourCheyenneHammonXWHammon ReserveButlerCuster CityWashita National Wildlife RefugeFoss State ParkArapahoElk CityCanute*ClintonClinton Events• VisioningWorkshop• CommunityBessieChoices Workshop• Plan Van TourSayreDill CityCordellTexolaErickCarter*EventLocationPotential Plan Van RouteWillowSentinelRockyGoteboHobartAltus-Lugert Wildlife Management Area26Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Amesonda Tribal TrustCornThomasCanton Wildlife life Management AreaLongdaleLake ProjectCanton Events• Plan Van Tour*OakwoodWeatherfordHydroEakly*Colony Events• Powwow DisplayFort Cobb Wildlife Management Area• Plan Van TourBridgeportHintonHitchcockLookebaOkeene*Watonga Events• Visioning WorkshopGreenfield• Plan Van TourBingerGearyKingfisherEvents• VisioningWorkshop*• Plan VanTourConcho Events• Visioning Workshop• Plan Van TourCalumetConcho Reserve*XWSout*Southwestern Livestock and Forage Research StationHennesseyUnincorporatedYukonEl Reno Events• Kickoff Event• SteeringCommitteeMeetings (4)• CommunityPiedmontNot IncorporatedChoices Workshop TuttleMinco• Plan Van TourPocassetGracemontAmberFort Cobb State ParkMountain ViewCarnegieFort CobbRiverside Indian SchoolVerdenAnadarkoChickashaValues-Based Vision27

Tribal InvolvementStudent artists, clockwise from top: Joseph Dyer, Jr.; Keenan Four Horns; Cameron LongKnife; Kaycee Hatten; Kionna Four Horns; Cheyenne Redhat;Cheyenne Scott; Cameron LongKnifeStudent Art CompetitionDespite modern societal pressure, theCheyenne and Arapaho continue todemonstrate the importance of art andculture in contemporary life. Expressedthrough painting, drawing, dress or music,art helps to impart historical perspective andunderstanding and the expression of beliefs.A Student Art Competition was hosted by theTribes’ Planning Office and the RESpECTProgram to inspire students to explore thefuture of their native culture through visualand performance art. The competition, whichcelebrates the continuation of our uniqueculture, was an important way to get Tribalyouth thinking about their heritage and theirvision.The event was open to all federally recognizedTribal students in grades Pre-K through 12within the Cheyenne and Arapaho TribalLands.Entries related to the theme “Envisioning theFuture of the Tsistsistas and Hinónóéí” andreflect the importance of culture and heritageas the future generations of the Cheyenne andArapaho Tribes. Submissions were judged infour different grade levels, and prizes awardedto 1st, 2nd and 3rd place winners in both theVisual Arts and Performance Arts categories.Winning art was presented in a slide showat the 66th Annual Cheyenne and ArapahoPowwow, as part of the Labor Day Celebrationin Colony, and prizes were awarded at thattime.28Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Student artist: Paisley Grace LoneBearValues-Based Vision29

Tribal InvolvementValues workshop, El RenoValues workshop, ClintonValues workshop, HammonValues WorkshopsSix values workshops were conducted duringthe first phase of the Comprehensive Planeffort. During the workshops, Tribal memberswere asked to answer the question, “Wheredo the Tribes see themselves far in thefuture?” These workshops included a visualpreference survey, which used a series ofimages to gauge participants perspectiveson various options for land use, housing,new commercial developments, locations ofservices, and other factors. The result of thisexercise was the creation of an overall visionstatement and a summary of Tribal valuesthat make up the basic underpinning of theplan recommendations. A detailed account ofthe values workshops polling can be found inAppendix A.What We LearnedThe Tribes:Like the rural character and natural/ openspace areas …...and would choose to live on large residentiallots.Recognize that the loss of culture is one of theirmajor issues……with continuation of their language, creationof cultural centers, and continuation of tribalevents being the most important ways toprotect this...Would like to see additional economicdevelopment opportunities……specifically within the renewable energysector, industrial/manufacturing and researchand development fields.30Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Tribal ValuesThe Future is Intertwined with the PastWe hold Value to the LandSacredP ROSPERITYWe Cannot Forget about our Elders, our Language & CultureEnhance, Preserve, Conserve & ProtectEnvironmental ConsciousnessTake Care of the Land & the Land will Take Care of YouEverything Works in a Circle…in ContinuityAppreciation of our CultureReverenceResources within OurselvesRichness of CultureVision to Creation to CompletionEnhance SovereigntyValues-Based Vision31

Tribal InvolvementAll photos this page: Community Choices workshop, ClintonCommunity Choices WorkshopsOnce the Tribal vision was determined, conceptplans for ten major community asset areaswere created to make this a reality. Theseareas were chosen for their availability aseconomic viability, the ability to fulfill specificcommunity needs (grocery, housing, etc.), andtheir strategic locations.Two Community Choices workshops wereconducted to understand the details outlinedin the concept plans and refine key elements.Specific elements included the over teneconomic development projects, such asubstance abuse facility, housing, and supportfor a new Tribal college.32Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Community Choices workshop, ClintonWhat We LearnedEconomic development was a key emphasis forattendees. Overall market recommendationsgleaned from the workshops were:1. Add casino amenities (hotels, concert areas,related commercial) and expand casinos2. Add cultural attractions (heritage tourism)related to the buffalo herd, an interpretivecenter, and historic sites3. New renewable energy production (gas,wind, etc.)4. New retail at strategic locations5. Long-term development of Canton Lakearea (camping, housing, etc.)6. Additional medical services7. New retirement communities and assistedliving8. New industrial activities (meat and tobaccoprocessing)9. Development of distribution (trucking)facilities10. Creation of recreation and tourism(hunting, fishing,lodge, equestrian)11. Expanded education facilities (TribalCollege)12. New detention facilitiesValues-Based Vision33

Tribal InvolvementComprehensive Plan display booth Comprehensive Plan display booth Powwow performersComprehensive Plan display booth Colony Powwow 2010Annual Colony Powwow 2010A Comprehensive Plan display booth was setup at the 2010 Labor Day Powwow to provideinformation to Tribal members. On displaywere rolling slide shows giving an overview ofthe focus area site development options, imagesof the winning visual art categories in theComprehensive Plan Art Contest and a video ofthe Art Contest grand champion performing onthe traditional flute.The booth was staffed from 12:00 noon onSaturday until 1:00 am on Sunday. Severalhundred Powwow participants passed thebooth, and many engaged in conversation aboutthe Comprehensive Plan, the public processand their concerns and desires about Triballands.34Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Powwow performersValues-Based Vision35

Tribal InvolvementPlan Van Tribal interviewsPlan VanPublic workshops provided a great startingpoint for decision-making, but the projectplanning team realized that more needed tobe done to increase opportunities for Tribalmembers to participate, particularly thoseliving in more remote parts of the service area,and individuals facing significant economicand transportation challenges. The thoughtwas that the best way to reach the populationwas to go to them, making it easier and moreconvenient.Given the fact that Tribal members are spreadover such large distances, a mobile workshopformat was used. This mobile workshop, knownas the “Plan Van”, allowed the Cheyenne& Arapaho Planning staff to visit severalcommunities in a self-contained mobile unit - inthis case, a retrofitted ambulance - containingmaps, a slide show, and copies of the draftComprehensive Plan.Plan Van participants were provided a slideshow and information about the choicesavailable to them at each of the communityasset sites. Tribal member were asked to fillout a survey ranking each implementationelement shown in the community asset plansin terms of their priority. Respondents wereasked whether an implementation measurehad a high, medium or low-priority or wasnot needed. In addition to the survey, 33elders recorded their personal accounts, andtraditional Cheyenne and Arapaho legends andtales, through storytelling.We hope that many enjoyed participating inthe Plan Van because the outreach is in theircommunity where they are most comfortableand familiar with the environment.36Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

“Seven Sons”Seven sons were camping whenthey came under attack. Unable towin, one brother, a medicine man,turned the rest into arrows andshot them in to the stars. Theybecame the Big Dipper, formedfrom the seven sons.Original story told by Jimmy Washee, Cheyenne/Arapaho fromWeatherford, Oklahoma.Plan Van Tribal interviewsMarie WhitemanThe Plan VanValues-Based Vision37

Painting by Kiyah Four Horns

ThreeLand Use Framework andGuiding PrinciplesGoals and PoliciesA strong Foundation (Chapter One) and a Values-Based Vision (Chapter Two) tell the Tribeswhere they have been and where they want tobe going. The goals and policies laid out in LandUse Framework and Guiding Principles willshow them how to get there by providing policyguidance to implement plan recommendations.The following Goals are general in nature.Policies are defined as more specific strategiesthat implement the goals; these will be a guidefor decision-making. The Plan’s Land UseFramework map and resulting policies outlinethe future land use and general guidance forthe location of community economic centers,agricultural and rural land preservation,sustainability and energy, and Tribal resources.Guiding Principles39

Land Use Framework40 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Guiding Principles41

Future Land UseSeiling*Seilingsee page 86Hammon(Red Moon)see page 82(Red Moon)**see page 76Elk Citysee page 76*see page 68Clintonsee page 6842 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Cantonsee page 62see page 62**WatongaWatongasee page 88Conchosee page 70**Gear Gearysee page 84*E El Renosee page 80*Colonysee page 90Mixed Use Economic CenterRural/AgricultureEnergyOil/Gas ProductionExisting Wind FarmPotential Wind Power AreasLand UseResidentialRural/NaturalResourcesCultural/NaturalChisholm TrailCultural SitesRiver Buffer +EmploymentRural/EnergyBaseRural/EnergyJurisdictionBoundaryElectric SubstationsExisting Transmission LineProposed Transmission LineProtected LandsTransportationProposed Transit RouteInterstate InterchangesGuiding Principles43

Framework Element:Since most Tribal members live within or nearcities and towns spread over a large servicearea, investments in housing, Tribal servicesand infrastructure should be focused in thesecommunities, providing the opportunity forexisting and future Tribal residents to live, workand recreate. The areas should provide a greaterrange of housing opportunities, support transitconnections between communities, ensure vibrantcommercial and employment opportunities andprovide much needed Tribal services.HousingGoalProvide and promote safe, adequate andaffordable housing opportunities for theCheyenne and Arapaho people. Create a healthyliving environment for Cheyenne and Arapahofamilies through initiatives that address socialand economic concerns.PoliciesPromote Multi-Generational Housing. Ensurethat diverse opportunities are available to meetthe Tribes’ residential and economic needs,including single units and attached units,ownership and rental opportunities, special needsgroup housing and workforce housing.Elder Housing. Address the needs of an agingpopulation. Provide residential areas with avariety of housing styles and prices that meet theparticular needs of elders and enable residentsto “age in place”. Housing can vary from singleunits, townhouses and apartments.Accessible Housing. Encourage accessiblehousing units for populations with special needs,including a main floor bedroom, wider hallways/doorways, main floor baths, first floor laundryand level entries without steps.Promote Housing Rehabilitation. Improvesubstandard housing. Support activities thatencourage and provide housing rehabilitationimprovements.Strategically Placed Higher Residential Densities.Target attached or multifamily housing units tolocations that are accessible to and integratedwith proposed economic centers, communitiesserved by transit, and medical services.Home Ownership Training. Educate Tribalmembers about successful homeownership andproperty stewardship.Projected Housing Units within Community Asset AreasLocationLand Area Residential Units by Type(gross acreage)Canton 750 Acres 1800 units (100 large single units on large lots, 750 singleunits,Clinton 24 Acres 134 units (74 Independent Living units, 60 Assisted Livingunits)Colony 16 Acres 13 single unitsConcho 153 Acres 293 single units, 30 elder housing unitsEl Reno 86 Acres 206 units (134 single units, 40 townhouses units, 32apartment units)Hammon (Red 245 Acres 98 clustered Single UnitsMoon)Watonga(Franklin)4.5 Acres 25 Independent Living Units44 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

CommunitiesMulti-Generational HousingStarter HomesFamily HousingElder HousingGuiding Principles45

Framework Element:Tribal ServicesGoalTo capitalize on investments in capitalimprovements, new development andredevelopment will be located in areas whereadequate public services and facilities presentlyexist or are planned to be provided.PoliciesCapital Improvement Program. The Tribes willdevelop and maintain a Capital ImprovementsProgram for Tribal lands. The CapitalImprovements Program, within the frameworkof a responsible budget of balanced revenues andexpenditures, schedules the necessary capitalprojects to ensure maintenance of an adequaterange of services.Adequate Public Facilities. The Tribes will permitadditional development or redevelopment if thefull range of public facilities and services areavailable, or alternatively, funding sources havebeen committed for such adequate facilities thatcan ensure their provision in a timely fashion.Allocation of annual funds should be set aside tofund future public facility needs.Service Provider Coordination. Coordinate withother municipal service providers on Tribaldevelopment requests to ensure that necessaryservices not provided by the Tribes are integratedinto local utility provider’s plans.Emergency Preparedness. The Tribes will putmeasures in place to protect Tribal membersfrom harm caused by tornadoes and other naturaldisasters. The Tribes will maintain an emergencyresponse team and establish a response protocolwith federal, state and local officials. All newstructures on Tribal lands should be designed toinclude either basements or other suitable stormshelters in reasonable proximity to residencesand businesses.Needed Tribal Service and FacilitiesArea Regional Facility Local FacilityHammon Grocery StorexHammon Community Recreation CenterxCanton Rehabilitation CenterxCanton Nursing and Residential Care FacilitiesxConcho Rehabilitation CenterxConcho CourthousexElk City Radio & Television StationxSeiling Radio & Television StationxCanton Community ServicesxClinton Community ServicesxConcho Educational CampusxConcho Youth Campx46 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

CommunitiesInfrastructureGoalEnsure that the Cheyenne and Arapaho peopleare adequately and efficiently served with awell planned, coordinated, and maintainedinfrastructure of water, sewer and all relatedutility services. Ensure that all new Tribaldevelopment is efficiently integrated into existinginfrastructure.PoliciesUtility Collaboration. Collaborate withadjacent cities, towns, special service districts,various Federal, State, and County agencies,and appropriate service providers to providecoordinated and sustainable development ofTribal lands.Utility Extensions Consistent with theComprehensive Plan. The installation andextension of all utilities will be consistent withthe provisions of the comprehensive plan.Water Quality. The Tribes will continue to meetstate and Federal water quality standards andtreatment practices to maintain a high level ofhealth protection for its members.Adequacy of Service. Ensure that storm drainage,water and wastewater systems are adequateto meet the demands of existing and planneddevelopment per Utility Service Master Plansdeveloped for each community asset area.Improvement and Maintenance. Continue toexpand efforts and funding programs to maintainand improve the infrastructure on Tribal lands.Well and Septic Systems. Discourage the use ofwell and septic systems within each communityasset area except in cases of very low-densityresidential development.Future InfrastructureArea Water System Improvements Sanitary Sewer ImprovementsCanton Water main extensions City of Canton lagoon improvements,sewer main extensionsClintonWater main extensions/improvementsConcho New water treatment plant New sewage treatment systemEl RenoWater main extensionsBuffalo MeatProcessingFacilityMust be connected to district ormunicipal water system to meet watervolume demandsMust be connected to municipal ordistrict sewage treatment plantSeiling Lift station, water main extensions Sewer main extensionsHammon (RedMoon)Well system to serve low-intensityresidential/non-residential developmentSeptic system to serve low-intensityresidential/non-residential developmentGuiding Principles47

Framework Element:Transportation & TransitGoalProvide the Cheyenne and Arapaho people with a safe mode of transportation infrastructure (roads,bridges and trails) through innovation and partnership with federal, state and county governments.Foster improvements in the quality of life of the Cheyenne and Arapaho people by preserving andimproving the efficiency and safety of the existing transportation system.Tribal Transportation ImprovementsArea Project RegionalImprovementLocalImprovementDesignated Transit Transit System ExpansionxRoutesHammon (Red Moon) Residential local street system xHammon (Red Moon) Trail xClinton Clinton I-40 access improvements xRodeo Joe’s Street paving xColonyLocal street system serving newxneighborhood & equestrian-relatedfacilitiesWatonga (Franklin) Street paving Road 0820 East xCanton Arterial street improvements xCantonLocal street system serving newxneighborhoods and community facilitiesSeilingAcceleration/deceleration lane onxHighway 270El RenoCollector and local street system servingxresidential neighborhoodEl Reno Acceleration/deceleration lane on S.xCountry Club Road serving commercialusesConchoLocal street system servingadministrative and governmentcomplexes, single unit and elder housingand hotelx48 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

CommunitiesPoliciesTransit System. Continue to increase ridershipand expand the Tribal Transit Program toprovide efficient connections to communitieswithin the Tribes’ Service Area and to provideadequate door-to-door programs for the elderlyand disabled.Intertribal Facilities Connectivity. The Tribesshall work with state and Federal agenciesto provide better roadway access between thecenters of Tribal development as well as increasedroadway connections to key centers.Strategic Roadway Investments. Continue tostrategically invest in roadway improvements toimprove their aesthetics and promote walkability.Transportation Corridors and Transit Stops.Encourage growth along existing and plannedtransportation corridors and transit stops.Regional Transit. Work cooperatively withadjacent County, City and Oklahoma Cityregional transit districts to maximize the Tribaltransit system, including transit connections toOklahoma City.Trails and Sidewalks. Promote trails andsidewalks in any new development. Add trailsand sidewalks to current developed areas.Recreation and Interpretive Trails. In supportof tourism, develop a series of hiking and bikingtrails with associated interpretive signs, inassociation with the Chisolm Trail, the buffaloherd and other natural or cultural resources.New trails, trailhead and overlook inConcho will guide visitors and localsabout the history and culture of thebuffalo, a rich part of the CheyenneArapaho culture and economy.Guiding Principles49

Framework Element:Economic Centers are the primary places that provide employment opportunities for Tribal members.In recent years, this economic activity has been focused primarily on gaming and tobacco sales. TheTribes will strive to create additional employment opportunities for Tribal members that build on andenhance existing economic and employment centers.Future DevelopmentGoalProtect, preserve and maintain the sovereignidentity and treaty rights of the Cheyenne andArapaho Tribes. The Cheyenne and Arapahopeople will be fully and effectively engaged inthe life and decisions of the Tribes. Promoteand enhance Tribal identity, cultural values,and environmental resources and ensure thatthe Cheyenne and Arapaho people are effective,accountable and responsive. Guide growth toprotect the environment and to ensure vitaleconomic opportunities to create a variety oflivable, sustainable communities throughout theCheyenne and Arapaho communities.Oklahoma CityConcho & El RenoRodeo Joe’sColonyPoliciesHigh Quality Design. Through its policies andprograms, the Tribes shall encourage high qualityarchitecture and site design when designing newbuildings and developing property. Architectureand design elements should reflect the uniqueculture of the Cheyenne and Arapaho.Protect Community Image. Unique communityand neighborhood identities, settings andhistories, and the sense of place as recognizedby citizens, shall be respected by Tribal policymakers. The desired context and character ofexisting neighborhoods and commercial centerswill be considered so that new development iscompatible with the surrounding area.Resource Protection. Land use patterns andintensities should be designated so as to notadversely impact identified natural resources,wildlife habitats and cultural sites.Weatherford - ThomasFranklin/WatongaClintonCantonElk CityHammon/ Red MoonSeilingAmarillo,Texas50 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Economic CentersRetail processed meat salesEconomic Concerns & EmploymentGoalAchieve a vital, diverse, and sustainable economyin which the Cheyenne and Arapaho people andthe endeavors of the Tribal Business Enterpriseswill have the opportunities to thrive and succeed.Engage in an array of economic opportunitiesthat will create jobs and provide educationalprosperity for the Cheyenne and Arapaho people.PoliciesEconomic Development Strategy. Create anEconomic Development Strategy that capitalizeson gaming, tobacco, energy production,agriculture, and other economic opportunities andsupports businesses to maximize wealth for allTribal members. Establish financial security forboth short-term and long-term Tribal needs.Financial Accountability. The Tribes will operatea sound financial program based on accountabilityto Tribal members and transparency in decisionmaking.Employment Opportunities. Ensure that thereare adequate opportunities for all Tribal membersfor technical training, business incubatoropportunities and educational programs that willsupport Tribal businesses.Buffalo Program. Support the Tribal Buffaloherd expansion and corresponding buffalo meatprocessing facilities.Economic Partnership. Market and partnerwith the public, private and nonprofit sectors todevelop key properties.Targeted Industries. The Tribe will support adiversified employment base, reflecting Triballabor force capabilities and recognizing amenitiesfor emphasizing targeted industries.Community Asset Areas. The Tribes shouldtarget economic development projects as outlinedin Chapter Four, Community Asset Areas andChapter Five, Plan Implementation of thisdocument.Guiding Principles51

Framework Element:The majority of Tribal trust lands are used for farming or ranching purposes reflecting the topographyand regional development pattern. The flat and moderately rolling hills have been typically grazedareas or held for crop production, while the eroded ravines, canyons and river bottoms have remainedin a natural, undeveloped state. A variety of part-time and full-time agricultural activities take placeon both irrigated and non-irrigated land. Grazing lands provide needed forage and support livestockoperations.View of ColonyTribal buffalo herdCanton Lake52 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Agricultural & Rural LandPreservationCanton agricultural landsAgricultural & Rural LandPreservationGoalAgricultural lands shall be reserved andmaintained for farm use, consistent with existingand future agricultural needs of the Cheyenneand Arapaho people. Enhance and preserve rurallands for existing and future generations.PoliciesAgricultural Production. The Tribes shallcontinue to study and implement programs thatassist the business of farming and ranching,including promoting new technologies and farmcrops.Grazing and cropland leases. The Tribes willsupport the lease of Tribal land for agriculturaluses in those cases where best agriculturalmanagement practices are met.Buffalo Program. Tribal Buffalo herd expansionwill be supported in order to fulfill Tribaleconomic and cultural objectives.Eradicate Noxious Weeds. Tribal trust landswill be protected from noxious weeds thatmay degrade the land ecologically and reduceagricultural production value.Cluster Development. Cluster rural residentialhousing away from important agricultural fields.Diversify Agricultural Production. Crops locatedon Tribal lands should be rotated and diversifiedin order to protect soil health, increase cropproductivity, reduce the likelihood of pestinfestation and use of pesticides, and reduce therisk of market fluctuations on the price of crops.Guiding Principles53

Framework Element:The Cheyenne and Arapaho Land Base holdssignificant energy production potential. Inaddition to the oil and gas wells that have beenproductive for more than fifty years, some ofarea possesses wind speeds sufficient to supportcommercial applications. Similarly, the areahas a high percentage of sunny days with acorrespondingly high incidence of solar radiationthat can be captured through photovoltaic (pv)cells.Energy Production & ConservationGoalPromote and guide future land development tomaximize conservation efforts of all forms ofenergy. Foster sound decisions to ensure thesafety, health and welfare of the Cheyenne andArapaho people. Maintain, protect and preservethe sacred relationship of Cheyenne and Arapahopeople with the land, air and water.PoliciesRenewable Energy. Invest in the siting ofwind farms and solar generation facilities, andthe necessary infrastructure to support suchfacilities, on Tribal lands.Energy Efficiency. Encourage the use of energyefficient lighting, appliances, and other devicesin new development, redevelopment and Tribaloperations. Retrofit existing Tribal buildings formaximum energy efficiency.Natural Lighting. Encourage building designsthat maximize the use of natural light andpassive solar energy, thus diminishing the needfor energy consuming supplemental lighting andheating.Incorporation of wind farm with future Tribal housingLandscape Design. Encourage the use oflandscaping that assists energy savings byplanting wind buffers and that admits solarenergy gain in the winter and shade in thesummer.The Tribes should encourage designs thatminimize the need for supplemental irrigationby encouraging the use of drought resistant andnative species.54 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Sustainability & EnergyTribal Waste Reduction. Continue effortsto reduce waste generation from municipaloperations and explore methods for additionalreduction. Consider the purchase of supplies withrecycled content when feasible.Waste Reduction Education. Continue to promoteTribal education related to the value, methodsand techniques of recycling, resource recoveryand waste reduction.Recycled Materials. Encourage the use ofrecyclable building materials and buildingmaterials with recycled content in newdevelopment, redevelopment and in Tribaloperations.Recycling. Support efforts to create a Tribalrecycling drop-off at Tribal facilities. Collaboratewith waste management districts to providerecycling services for each drop-off area.Guiding Principles55

Framework Element:Agricultural production near CantonAs outlined in Chapter One, Foundation, theCheyenne and Arapaho are stewards to uniquecultural and natural resources which must beconserved and protected based upon the beliefthat they are valuable to Tribal members,individually and collectively. The Tribes havethe ability to invigorate the local economy andbecome more economically sustainable over timeby preserving and carefully developing theirsubstantial assets. These Tribal resources aresignificant, and range from historic sites such asthe Chisholm Trail, Caddo Springs and Colonyschool; to beautiful natural features like CantonLake; to the Cheyenne and Arapaho buffalo herd.Natural ResourcesGoalProtect and enhance the Cheyenne and ArapahoTribes’ natural environments and ecology byprotecting and preserving the land, air andwater quality. These resources promote ahealthy environment and natural landscape thatcontributes to the spiritual humble existence ofthe Cheyenne and Arapaho people.Natural drainagewayPoliciesNatural Habitat Protection. Encouragepreservation of lands with unique naturalhabitat, features or other key characteristicsthrough cluster development, gifts, greenwaycapital projects, cultural ecotourism or othermeans as appropriate and financially feasible.Land Conservation Techniques. When developingin proximity to significant natural landscapesemploy open land conservation techniques,including, but not limited to, the use of clusterdevelopment.Conservation Easements. Place conservationeasements on the most sensitive lands to ensuretheir protection. Incorporate recreation facilitieswhen appropriate.Hunting, Hiking, and Fishing. Promote wiseuse of lands such as hunting, hiking and fishingby tourists and the Tribes as a recreation,preservation and economic development strategy.56 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Tribal ResourcesCaddo Springs at ConchoFloodplain Protection. The Tribes will discouragedevelopment within 100-year floodplains andensure that future development comply withFederal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)standards for building construction relative tofloodplain elevations.Protection and Enhancement of Natural Habitatand Ecosystems. The Tribes will seek to preserve,protect and enhance sensitive natural featuressuch as wetlands, riparian areas and wildlifehabitat, including buffering sensitive habitats.Air Quality Protection. The Tribes will workwith Federal, State and County health officialsto reduce the health risks posed by toxic airpollutants. Further, the Tribes will recognize theeffect of local wind patterns and topography onair quality, when considering potential sites forstationary air pollution sources.Recommended Natural Habitat Buffer DistancesLocation Sites DistanceWashita River Allotted Lands 300 feetNorth Canadian River Concho Reserve 300 feetCanadian River Allotted Lands 660 feetSalt Creek Allotted Lands 50 feetKingfisher Creek Allotted Lands 50 feetCobb Creek Colony Reserve 50 feetSalt Creek Allotted Lands 50 feetFoss Reservoir Allotted Lands 50 feetCanton Lake Canton Reserve 300 feetRiparian Areas Tribal Lands 50 feetGuiding Principles57

Framework Element:Cultural ResourcesGoalProtect and preserve the Cheyenne and Arapahosacred traditions, culture, heritage song,language and ceremonies through educationalinvestments of the past, present and futuretraditional knowledge and traditional culturalexpressions of the Cheyenne and Arapaho people.PoliciesTraditional Language. Establish the use ofCheyenne and Arapaho language, alongsideEnglish works, on all signs posted on Cheyenneand Arapaho lands, buildings and wayfindingsignage. Promote the teaching of traditionallanguage through an officially-approved publicschool curriculum, the Tribal language program,and the Tribal College.Art Partnerships, Promotion, and Education.Promote the development and expansion ofcultural facilities, including a Tribal interpretivecenter, performing arts and art exhibitionfacilities, Tribal College and community centers.Continue to foster partnerships with schools,arts organizations and encourage arts educationwithin the Tribal population to increase bothTribal member and general public awareness ofthe Tribes’ presence and cultural heritage.Cultural Site LocationsLocationSiteColonySeger SchoolColonyPowwow GroundsConchoCeremonial GroundsConchoConcho SchoolConchoChisholm TrailConchoPowwow GroundsConchoCaddo SpringsCantonCantonment SchoolBuildingCantonBurial GroundsCantonPowwow GroundsEl RenoFort RenoCheyenneWashita BattlefieldNational Historical SiteSeilingBurial GroundsSeilingCeremonial GroundsEads, Colorado Sand Creek MassacreNational Historical SiteSturgis, South Dakota Bear Butte NationalMonumentRed MoonCeremonial GroundsTraditional Art. Support the display of artin Tribal buildings and spaces that invitesinteraction and reflects Tribal spirit, history andculture.Historic Properties and Landmarks. Developa detailed preservation strategy establishingthe Tribes’ goals for its historic properties andcultural landmarks and the necessary steps toreach those goals.Rock art58 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Tribal ResourcesHistoric Resource Identification. Identify andprotect buildings, districts, and sites of historical,architectural, archaeological, or culturalsignificance. Encourage a survey of local historicresources on a local, state, or federal level andincorporate results and recommendations of ahistoric resource survey into a preservation planfor the Tribes.Education and Interpretation. Create historicpreservation education and outreach with thepublic through educational and interpretive sitesand programs, and through cooperation andcoordination with State and area preservationgroups.Compatibility between New Constructionand Cultural Resources. Where possible, newconstruction should complement nearby historicbuildings.Education through Signage Design. Develop signgraphic standards that will be applied to signsdisplayed at Tribal facilities that reinforce theCheyenne and Arapaho language, history andculture.Rock artImage source: Sharon Antelope and Leslie PananaImage source: Sharon Antelopeand Leslie PananaGuiding Principles59

Ben Depew, Life Among the Cheyennes, page 12b

FourCommunity Asset AreasAt the heart of the Cheyenne and ArapahoComprehensive Plan is a series of communityasset area plans. Development on eachcommunity asset site aims to improve economicopportunities to individual Tribal membersand the whole of the Tribes, creating a focus ofactivity that can act as a catalyst in achieving theoverall regeneration and growth of the impactedcommunities.Specific recommendations found in this chapterrelate to the following ten community asset areasites:• Canton• Clinton• Concho• Elk City• El Reno• Hammon (Red Moon)• Geary• Seiling• Watonga (Franklin Reserve)• ColonyStrategies developed for the sites were notproduced based on preconceived ideas aboutwhat the Tribes need. Like all other aspects ofthe Plan, recommended strategies were createdby evaluating input from Tribal members andtaking into account market considerations. Inaddition to receiving input from Tribal members,representatives from many departments in theTribal administration provided great insight intospecific attributes of each site and the appropriate“fit” of recommended land uses and developmentstrategies.Community Asset Areas61

Community Asset Area:Lodge, Casino & Spa with rentalcabins; Integration of Pow wowGrounds & Historic Property/FoundationsPreservation & Expansion ofExisting Indian CemeteryRoad 2460 NorthWalk-in Campgrounds& Rental Cabins withShoreline AccessCurrent ShorelineImprovement ProjectWalk-in Campgrounds &Rental Cabins with BoatLaunch & Marina AccessBoat Launch & New MarinaHighway 58APreservation/Restoration of Inlet,Steep Slopes & VegetationSingle unit HousingFlood Level Elevation/Safe Development LineOpen Space PreservationBelow Flood LevelElevationLake View HousingLocal Recreation/Community Center &Head Start FacilitySingle UnitHousingPreservation ofSteep Slopes/Riparian CorridorExisting Pow WowGrounds & SmokeShopRehabilitation Center/Transitional Center/Detention CenterHighway 51Natural ResourcesGateway & ContinuousBuffer Along Entry RoadLand Use TypesMiscellaneousRetail CommercialOffice CommercialIndustrial CommercialResort/ Hotel/ Tourism CommercialCivic/ CulturalClustered HousingSingle-Family HousingAgricultureParks/ Open SpaceExisting RoadwaysInterior ConnectionsRiparian/ Open Space PreservationWaterways/ Ponds0 800’ 1600’ 3200’62 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

CantonInset - Canton Lodge concept planCommunity Asset Areas63

Canton LakeThe Canton Reserve offers long-term naturalresource-based recreation, communitydevelopment, recreation and land managementopportunities. This 2,235 acre (3.5 square miles)reserve includes one mile of shoreline on the westside of Canton Lake and the most desirable coveon the lake. The area represents a unique Tribalasset that brings economic opportunity togetherwith natural resource stewardship.The Canton Lake area is also known as one ofthe region’s best for hunting and fishing. Bestknown for an abundance of walleye, the areaoffers a variety of fish species. Canton PublicHunting Area, located along the north and westportion of the lake, covers 16,775 acres of landand is managed by the Oklahoma Department ofWildlife Conservation.The Corps of Engineers operates five multiuserecreation areas at Canton Lake with acombination of overnight camping and day-useopportunities. The park facility is to the publicyear-round for camping, fishing, and equestrianuses in addition to boating and water skiing onthe lake. The gently sloping sandy beach on theeast shoreline provides for swimming and otherrecreation.The Canton Lake conceptual communityasset area plan is divided into 3 major areas:waterfront lodge resort with casino and marina,new Tribal community composed of residentialneighborhoods, and a Tribal service centeraddressing social needs such as rehabilitationand a detention facility.Manage the Lake Shoreline and OtherNatural ResourcesDuring the public outreach process, participantsasked that the Plan promote protection of thelake shoreline, which has become badly eroded.The Plan calls for shoreline plantings, which arethe best protection against lake degradation.Use of native trees and shrubs will providean effective way to control the flow of excessnutrients to the lake and maintain a naturalisticquality. Shoreline plantings hold the nutrientsduring the growing season and the establishedroot systems give the shoreline more resistanceto erosion caused by currents, wave action andwater level fluctuation.Protect FloodplainsClose to Canton Lake are areas located within the100-year floodplain, meaning that the areas have64 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Historic Cantonment Building (Headstart Program)a 1% chance of flooding in a given year and canundergo flooding more frequently than once every100 years.The proposed strategy for developmentappropriately locates permanent structures abovethe 100-year elevation. Floodplains have beencarefully mapped, and buildings not proposedfor those areas. Further, naturally vegetatedwetlands and riparian areas located within thefloodplain and that are home to wildlife wouldbe protected. The wetland and riparian systemscan help to accommodate natural storage offloodwaters during a major flood event.Create a New CommunitySouth of the historic Cantonment School (nowthe Headstart Program) would be a series ofnew amenitized neighborhoods characterizedby a variety of single unit housing styles withparks, sidewalks and trails. The plan for thisarea generally reflects housing provided in arural Oklahoma community, with smaller parcelstoward the interior of the neighborhood andlarger lots located near the edge. Housing typesrange from small-scale cottages sited to respectprivacy and provide options for elder housing orsmall families to larger lots that accommodatelarger families.Provide Community ServicesPolicies geared toward the prevention ofsubstance abuse call for creation of a treatmentcenter that is readily accessible to those beingtreated and their family members. Providingtreatment for substance abuse for the Cheyenneand Arapaho is a high priority given that thealcohol and/or drug abuse has been identifiedas the number one problem facing the Tribalcommunity.Tribal members have indicated support forcreating a substance abuse rehabilitation center/transition center near Canton, as well as adetention facility.Action Items1. Work with casino and hotel operator toprogram and design a new lodge, casino,campground and marina2. Develop a specific shoreline protectiondesign3. Work collaboratively with the CantonPublic Works Authority to upgrade sewagelagoons and extend public sewer mains tonewly developing areas4. Develop a housing master planCommunity Asset Areas65

CasinoCampingCabinsCampingCabinsMarinaLodge66 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Canton LakeLodge & CasinoCreate a Tourist Destination Resort Based onOutdoor Recreation and GamingA new resort hub for recreation and gamingwould be built on Tribal lands overlooking CantonLake, maximizing use of the west shoreline.The area’s centerpiece would be a combinationCanton Casino & Lodge that takes advantageof the boating, hunting, fishing, and hikingopportunities already provided in the area.The site would include a marina providing boatstorage and a fishing pier. Clusters of cabins areproposed along the northern edge of the lodge/casino that would provide an expanded visitoraccommodation choice. Cabins would be sited sothat the main rooms or porches overlook the lake.The area would capitalize on its proximity toOklahoma City as well as the inlet, dam, river,and the numerous surrounding recreationalamenities.Community Asset Areas67

Community Asset Area:Road 1030 EastExpansion/ Improvementof existing IndependEnt-living Facilities/ ElderHousingRoad 2270 NorthPossible Land Acquisitionfor Single Unit HousingNeighborhoodsPreservation ofLand for Futurefuneral HomePreservation/Expansion ofExisting CemeteryMedicalResearch/IndustrialFacilitiesPreservationof RiparianCorridor &SlopesExisting Medical/Health CenterPreservation ofExisting HistoricBuildingsSingle Unit &Independent LivingHousingCommunity/Recreation CenterPossibleExpansionof ExistingSenior CenterPossible LandAcquisition forExpansion ofMedical Research/Industrial FacilitiesExisting SeniorCenter & FireStationExpansion of SmokeShop Retail Centerwith Preservation ofHistoric ChurchCasino ExpansionWith Hotel &Water ParkMedical Research/Industrial FacilitiesNeighborhood-Scale Retail/CommercialCenterHousingAdministration &ActivitiesCenterPossible LandAcquisition toHighwayLand Use TypesMiscellaneousRetail CommercialOffice CommercialIndustrial CommercialResort/ Hotel/ Tourism CommercialCivic/ CulturalClustered HousingSingle-Family HousingAgricultureParks/ Open SpaceExisting RoadwaysInterior ConnectionsRiparian/ Open Space PreservationWaterways/ Ponds0 150’ 300’ 600’68 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

ClintonAction Items1. Work collaboratively with Oklahoma Department of Transportation to reconfigure the currentinterchange to improve access to tribally-owned land.2. Develop a detailed hotel plan that coordinates with future expansion plans for the Lucky StarCasino.3. Study Tribal medical activity to determine niche medical services.4. Identify grant opportunities to fund water system improvements needed to serve futuredevelopment.The Clinton Reserve enjoys significant regionalconnectivity through easy access to Interstate40 and Highway 183. There is a variety of sitesconducive to different types of developmentwithin Tribally controlled lands in Clinton,including the established commercial anchor ofthe Lucky Star Casino and Clinton Smoke Shopand offices for the Tribal Housing and ReSPECTprograms.The area provides essential Tribal healthservices, including the Indian Health ServicesCenter, the Senior Center, Assisted LivingCenter, Emergency Medical Services, theSubstance Abuse Program, HeadStart program,childcare facilities and fitness center.Clinton will be the Tribes’ hub for medical careand related uses. This opportunity for medicaland health care related industries will likelybe tied to changes in demographics and otherrelated factors. With its central location withinthe service area and land readily available to bedeveloped, Clinton is ideally situated to providemedical services and housing geared toward anaging Tribal population.Serving the population to the east is no problem;however, traffic from the west does not haveaccess at the current interchange. This limitedaccess may affect the recommended new uses.Proposed development concepts build upon theexisting pattern of uses. Tribal members wouldlike to expand and enhance the existing elderlycare services and housing options in the ClintonReserve in order to provide convenient access tobasic goods, services and medical facilities.Community Asset Areas69

Community Asset Area:Boy/ Girl ScoutCampgrounds& Rental CabinsFuture Single Unit HousingNaturalized Gateway FeatureImprovements/ Expansion ofHousing to include Assisted/Independent/ Elder HousingLand Acquisition forBuffalo Herd ExpansionRelocatedPowwowGroundsAt Lake edgeHighway 81150th Street NEImprovements/ Expansionof Existing Fairgrounds &Connections to Chisholm trailBuffalo Processing Plant inconjunction with the BuffaloHerd ExpansionImproved & Expanded TribalGovernmental Complex withSpace for BIA & IHSBuffalo HerdExpansionRetailExpansion withIndian Village& Tribally-Made ProductsJustice CenterCultural/ Visitor Center/Buffalo OverlookFuture Single Unit HousingPreservation ofStreamway & ChisholmTrail SystemPreservation ofSlopes & StreamwaysContinuation ofAgricultureNaturalizedGatewayFeatureCasinoExpansionCasino Hotel/Spa/ ResortAreaEast Hefner RoadLand Use TypesMiscellaneousRetail CommercialOffice CommercialIndustrial CommercialResort/ Hotel/ Tourism CommercialCivic/ CulturalClustered HousingSingle-Family HousingAgricultureParks/ Open SpaceExisting RoadwaysInterior ConnectionsRiparian/ Open Space PreservationWaterways/ Ponds0 800’ 1600’ 3200’70 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

ConchoThe Concho Reserve is home to the soon to beexpanded Lucky Star Casino, a variety of Tribaladministrative offices and functions, and thebuffalo herd.The conceptual plan maximizes the value of thecasino asset. The development strategy at Conchocalls for an expansion of land uses around theexisting casino, including a hotel and indoor oroutdoor performance venue that will attract moreguests with a bigger attraction and encouragethem to stay multiple days. This is accomplishedby providing a variety of new cultural, retail,recreation and accommodation options that arewell-designed and thoughtfully arranged tomaximize the enjoyable experiences of visitors. Byidentifying the types of desired future land usesahead of time, they can be planned and arrangedin such a way that building them out over timewill not hinder the development of other futureopportunities.New development north of the Casino/hotel entryarea is designed to enhance existing culturalheritage sites, such as the Chisholm Trail, CaddoSprings, and the Tribal buffalo herd, providinga great tourism attraction as well as a way toeducate others about the Cheyenne and Arapahoculture. This area will also provide essentialTribal services and housing primarily gearedtoward Tribal staff. New government buildingswill also be built in this area.Cheyenne and Arapaho AdministrativeComplexFuture additions to the Concho area will offer theopportunity to expand the centralized locationof Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes’ services andthose provided by other public agencies like theBureau of Indian Affairs. This will involve theconstruction of new, high-quality buildings andredevelopment of key Concho school buildings.Action Items1. Develop a new Tribal water supply, watertreatment package plant and distributionsystem2. Fund-raising feasibility study forInterpretive Center3. Complete asbestos remediation andrehabilitation of Concho school buildingsand convert space to Tribal offices4. Seek grant for high-tech businessincubatorTribal HousingAs the casino, hotel and other areas of Conchodevelop and attract more jobs to the immediatevicinity, the need for affordable, proximatehousing will increase. There is a greatopportunity to meet these housing needs on landnorth of the Tribal administrative complex. Theseresidential areas will cater to those that work inand around the Concho area.Base EmploymentIn addition to Tribal government positions, newemployment is planned through the creation of ahigh tech office center/business incubator, wherepeople can run small businesses, meat processingand tourism related jobs.Grocery StoreDensity in the area is sufficient to support a smallgrocery store to serve Tribal members.Community Asset Areas71

Expanded LuckyStar CasinoThemed Hotel andPerforming ArtsNew Entryway ExperienceA unified landscape and signage treatment willcreate a positive entry experience for visitors toConcho. The landscape development charactershould help to create a unifying element thatcomplements the varied architectural styles foundwithin the area. Signs should similarly reflectthis common design theme.Land uses within the entryway area include anexpanded Lucky Star casino core area with ahotel and outdoor performance area, the Tribalsmoke shop, fuel sales and convenience retail.72 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Concho Reserve:New Entryway ExperienceFreestandingDirectorySignThemed Fuel Sales +Convenience RetailTribal SmokeShopUnified ‘prairie style”landscape treatmentsCommunity Asset Areas73

Tribal Arts & CraftsDisplay and SalesInterpretiveCenter Display,Museum and GiftShopShopping Street Leadsto Tribal GovernmentBuildings74 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Concho Reserve: Cheyenne andArapaho Interpretive CenterCheyenne and Arapaho Interpretive CenterThe Interpretive Center will be dedicatedto restoring and preserving an awareness ofthe Cheyenne and Arapaho people and theirhistorical, cultural, material and present-dayinfluence. Visitor information would be providedthrough exhibits, events and educationalprograms. Other important components of theCenter will be a sales area with outdoor bazaar,that provides the opportunity to purchase Tribalarts, crafts, and a viewing area for the Buffaloherd that includes interpretive signage. Buffalotours would be led from the interpretive center.Buffalo Viewing AreaTrails to CabinsSimulatedEncampmentCommunity Asset Areas75

Community Asset Area:N. Lester St.N. Eastern Ave.Interstate 40 40ExistingResidential AreaFocal/Entry FeatureRealigned InternalCirculationTruckStopPreserve ExistingLandscapeas Buffer toResidentialWrapped RetailFacing 7th StreetCasino withIntegratedRetailPassengerVehicle StopShared ConvenienceRetail/ CommercialGateway FeatureLand Use TypesMiscellaneousRetail CommercialOffice CommercialIndustrial CommercialResort/ Hotel/ Tourism CommercialCivic/ CulturalClustered HousingSingle-Family HousingAgricultureParks/ Open SpaceExisting RoadwaysInterior ConnectionsRiparian/ Open Space PreservationWaterways/ Ponds0 150’ 300’ 600’76 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Elk CityThe Elk City community asset area is a welllocated48 acre site with direct access andvisibility to Interstate 40. Members of the Tribalcommunity agree that this site should be thefocus of economic generation.Due to the new Super Wal-Mart directly acrossInterstate 40, the immediate interchangearea is on its way to becoming a highwaycommercial center, and Tribally-owned landprovides significant additional opportunity toexpand commercial uses to the north side of theinterchange.Action Items1. Design water and sewer main extensionsto the City of Elk City utility system.2. Develop retail market analysis, identifyingtargeted merchants.3. Complete site and architecturaldevelopment plans.Complementary uses that can capture passthrough traffic from the interstate are auto andtruck repair, fuel stations and small to mediumsizerestaurants and convenience type retailbuildings that are easily accessible from adjacentroads and the highway. The plan includes a newhotel and casino.Travel plaza integrated with retail, northern ColoradoCommunity Asset Areas77

Casino/Hotel/EntertainmentBased on the site attributes, the conceptualcommunity asset area plan creates a blueprintfor a large-scale casino, hotel and retail complexgeared toward the motoring public travelingthe Interstate highway. The site provides theopportunity for larger-scale, more conventionalautomobile-oriented commercial and largerfootprint shopping. These uses, along withthe Casino and hotel should be designedunder adopted architectural standards toensure a consistent character. In addition tosubstantiating the market desirability of thislocation, the existing Wal-Mart facility is a majorcustomer draw on a year-round basis that willspill over to adjacent areas.Landscape BufferSeparating Residences tothe NorthRetail &Services78 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Elk City:Commercial Center & CasinoCasino/HotelAuto/Truck Service &RetailFuel Sales &ConvenienceRetailRetail &ServicesCommunity Asset Areas79

Community Asset Area:County Club RoadInterstate 40Single Unit HousingNeighborhoodsHotel/ Neighborhood-scale RetailLand Use TypesRetail CommercialOffice CommercialIndustrial CommercialResort/ Hotel/ Tourism CommercialCivic/ CulturalClustered HousingSingle-Family HousingAgricultureParks/ Open SpaceMiscellaneousExisting RoadwaysInterior ConnectionsTrails SystemsRiparian/ Open Space PreservationWaterways/ Ponds 0 150’ 300’ 600’80 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

El RenoThe Tribes have recently purchased a 90-acreparcel fronting Interstate 40, just southeastof the South Country Club Road interchange.Given the site’s proximity to the Oklahoma Citymetropolitan area, traffic volume is high, withover 25,000 vehicles passing through this sectionof I-40 daily.The site has the following opportunities:• Proximity to Interstate Highway• Access is relatively good, with an accessapproximately ¼ mile from the interchange• Proximity to the Oklahoma City regionalmarket• Suitable for highway-related businesses (i.e.retail, services, food / beverage, etc.)Key considerations include:Action Items1. Extend existing City of El Reno watermain to the east.2. Re-zone property from Agricultural-Adistrict.3. Receive access permit to South CountryClub Road.• Competition from existing restaurant andmotel chains• Visibility is excellent from the Interstate,but more than half of the frontage along theabutting street, South Country Club Road,has already been developed which restrictsaccess to a certain degree• Area road pattern and infrastructure isreportedly limited at presentCommunity Asset Areas81

Community Asset Area:Road 2035 NorthContinuation ofAgricultureRoad 2050 NorthContinuation ofAgriculturePreservation/Expansion of PowWow GroundsPreservation ofRiparian CorridorsRoad 0940 EastContinuation ofAgricultureNew Community/Recreation CenterConservation / ClusterNeighborhoodsNeighborhood-ScaleRetail AreaHighway 34Land Use TypesMiscellaneousRetail CommercialOffice CommercialIndustrial CommercialResort/ Hotel/ Tourism CommercialCivic/ CulturalClustered HousingSingle-Family HousingAgricultureParks/ Open SpaceExisting RoadwaysInterior ConnectionsRiparian/ Open Space PreservationWaterways/ Ponds0 400’ 800’ 1200’82 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Hammon (Red Moon)The Hammon (Red Moon) Reserve site is locatednortheast of the small agricultural communityof Hammon. The reserve abuts a rural highway(SH 33) that carries limited traffic volumes,with vehicles traveling at relatively high speeds.Most of the 1,280 acres within the reserve arecultivated in winter wheat or used as pasture.The Cheyenne and Arapaho have ceremonialgrounds on a small portion of the reserve.The Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes also own theHammon Community Center near the center ofthe Town of HammonTribal Residential and Supporting Retail thatPreserve the Area’s Rural CharacterThe conceptual design for the Hammon Reservecontains a mix of uses, including agriculturalproduction and housing. Various sizes of singleunit housing would be built, ranging fromsmall cottages to larger conventional homes.Housing would be setback from the highway toreduce noise impacts and increase livability forresidents. Entrances to the new neighborhoodsshould complement the character of the area bymaintaining an appearance that does not detractfrom the rural scenery. Housing developmentwould likely be financed with Tribal funds.Commercial uses should contain visualelements that are sensitive to, and reinforce,the surrounding rural character. Buildings andcommercial signs would be designed to reflect thevernacular design characteristics found in thearea.Agricultural Production and GrazingContinuing agricultural uses in this locationrecognizes the contribution of agriculture to therural landscape as well as support grazing andcrop production as a viable economic resource.Action Items1. Upsize the Frontier DevelopmentAuthority’s existing 3” water main servingthe area.2. Develop detailed housing lot planSmall CasinoThe Tribes have discussed the possibility ofa casino fronting on SH33, although marketanalysis indicates that such a facility would notbe supported at this location.Preserve Riparian CorridorsSeveral creeks cross through Hammon Reservethat are worthy of long-term protection due tothe riparian wildlife habitat found along thebanks of such streams. These riparian habitatsare ecologically diverse and may be home to awide range of plants, insects and amphibians thatmake them ideal for different species of birds.Development within riparian areas should beavoided and in those cases where disturbanceoccurs, riparian habitat of equal or greaterhabitat function should replace the disturbedarea.Small-Scale Grocery Store within the Town ofHammonThe Hammon community has an insufficientnumber of households to support a full-servicegrocery store; however, the Tribes can partnerwith a small grocer to operate with a limitedproduct line that can provide convenience goodsto the community, while designing the buildingand site to accommodate daily convenience-typeshopping.Community Asset Areas83

Community Asset Area:Interstate 40Retail/Restaurant/GreenhouseLand Use TypesRetail CommercialOffice CommercialIndustrial CommercialResort/ Hotel/ Tourism CommercialCivic/ CulturalClustered HousingSingle-Family HousingAgricultureParks/ Open SpaceMiscellaneousExisting RoadwaysInterior ConnectionsTrails SystemsRiparian/ Open Space PreservationWaterways/ Ponds 0 100’ 200’ 400’84 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

GearyThe 6.8 acre Rodeo Joe’s property is located offof Interstate 40, west of El Reno and just southof Geary at the Hwy 281 interchange. This sitehouses a pre-fabricated metal building.Adaptively Reuse the Existing Building asa Combination Cheyenne and Arapaho Artsand Crafts Shop, Small Restaurant andGreenhouseThe Plan recommends conversion of a portion ofthe existing building into a small Cheyenne andArapaho arts and crafts retail outlet, with theremainder as a restaurant and greenhouse. Thegreenhouse would allow the Tribes to producehigh value fruit and vegetables, which could besold on-site as well as included within traditionalCheyenne and Arapaho dishes served at therestaurant. The site also allows sufficient spacefor a parking area to serve all of the intendedfunctions.Action Items:1. Pave the adjacent roadway accessing thesite.2. Develop an architectural plan andconstruction documents to convert theexisting building to a store, restaurantand greenhouse.3. Develop detailed landscaping, siteimprovement and signage plan.An alternative short-term use for the propertymight be as a regional storage, industrial orlogistics facility. Retrofitting the existing buildingwith these uses would likely enable low-costentry into the market, while providing immediaterevenue to the Tribes.Greenhouse at Cheyenne Botanic Gardens, Cheyenne, Wyoming. Photo by Mark Kosmos, design by AECOM.Community Asset Areas85

Community Asset Area:Highway 270/281 270/281Elm StreetPreservation/ Expansionof Tribal CeremonialGroundsContinuation ofAgricultureHighway 60Continuation of ExistingUsesTruck stop & Truckrelated Businesses withHighway AccessWarehouse/ StorageFacilities with HighwayAccessPreservation of RiparianArea/ GreenwaysLand Use TypesMiscellaneousRetail CommercialOffice CommercialIndustrial CommercialResort/ Hotel/ Tourism CommercialCivic/ CulturalClustered HousingSingle-Family HousingAgricultureParks/ Open SpaceExisting RoadwaysInterior ConnectionsRiparian/ Open Space PreservationWaterways/ Ponds0 150’ 300’ 600’86 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

SeilingThe Seiling community asset area is located alongHighway 281 along the south and east side of theTown of Seiling.The conceptual community asset area plan callsprimarily for industries related to trucking andstorage, and continuation of existing land usessuch as agricultural production and grazing.Truck Stop and RepairSeiling’s location at the intersection of twohighways, US 183 and US 281, and two localroads, County Roads 3 and 51, along with thehigh volume of regional trucking, suggests thatthe area can function as a trucking hub. Thehighway network provides convenient truckroutes toward Amarillo to the west, Tulsa to theeast, and the Interstate 40 corridor to the south.This trucking hub would be located on acquiredTribal land on the north side of Highway 281 andcomposed of a commercial truck stop, truck repairand sleeping accommodations. The commercialtruck stop facility would provide fuel, parking,and food services to motorists and truck drivers.Full-service maintenance facilities for heavytrucks, as well as truck washing services, wouldbe provided.Warehousing and StorageDecentralized regional or local distributionwarehouses may be a synergistic use with thetrucking hub. The flat, 155 acre site located onthe south side of Highway 281 is appropriatelysized to accommodate a substantial warehousingfacility.Action Items1. Collaborate with the Seiling Public WorksAuthority to finance a water lift stationto serve the site and construct water andsewer main extensions.2. Complete a market feasibility analysis forboth the truck stop and repair uses anddistribution warehouses.3. Complete a transportation impactanalysis and access permit from ODOTfor sites accessing the highway. Theanalysis will determine the level of accessimprovements needed to accommodatefuture development.Community Asset Areas87

Community Asset Area:Highway 270/281Road 2575 NorthExpansion of ExistingTribal ServicesExisting BuildingComplex With ExistingHealth Center & FoodDistribution CenterExisting CasinoIndustrial/ WarehouseFacilities with RailroadAccessIndependent/ AssistedLiving Facilities orRehabilitation FacilitiesPark Space withPreservation of ExistingVegetationExisting RailroadRoad 0820 EastLand Use TypesMiscellaneousRetail CommercialOffice CommercialIndustrial CommercialResort/ Hotel/ Tourism CommercialCivic/ CulturalClustered HousingSingle-Family HousingAgricultureParks/ Open SpaceExisting RoadwaysInterior ConnectionsRiparian/ Open Space PreservationWaterways/ Ponds0 150’ 300’ 600’88 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Watonga (Franklin Reserve)The Watonga site (Franklin Reserve) is thelocation of the Feather Warrior Casino, IndianHealth Center, and a food distribution facility.The site has relatively good road access andincludes an existing rail line. Proposed additionalpotential activities include an industrial /manufacturing area (i.e. possible call centerconcept) expanded Tribal services functions,senior housing development linked to the healthcenter and possible casino related activity.From a location perspective, the Watongacommunity asset area is well suited for theproposed functions. The casino and proposedindustrial / manufacturing functions link wellto the areas road access and proximity to theOklahoma City regional markets. The healthcenter and food distribution activity can servesimilar Tribal markets and senior housingdevelopment would also link to existing activity.The call center proposal appears well-suited toTribal employment needs and probable skills.Industrial/ManufacturingThe land lying east of the rail line is well-locatedfor light industrial development due to bothproximity to the highway and potential railwayaccess. Locating the industrial developmentbehind the existing trees lining both sides of therailway will minimize visual impact to the area.Elder HousingIt is important that the housing opportunitiesfor elders be located within an easy walk of civicservices, parks, and other residents to fosterhealthy community interactions that allowelders to stay in a familiar place. The conceptualplan provides for a continuum of care, fromseparate “independent” living units for those inthe younger edge of the spectrum, to an elderresidential care facility where food and basicmedical services are provided in a group setting.This full range of elder housing would be sitedsouth of the Feather Warrior Casino and HealthCenter, just west of the future Tribal communitypark site.Action Items1. Design water main extension to theindustrial site and bore under railroadline.2. Prepare architectural and site design forthe community Center.3. Develop landscape design for TribalCommunity Park.4. Conduct a feasibility study of buildingand operating an Assisted Living andIndependent Living facility to serve theTribes’ elders, seniors, and the disabled.5. Develop incentives package for a callcenter.Tribal Community ParkWith this concentration of activity at Watonga, aneighborhood-scale park on the north side of Road0820 East would create an important gatheringspot. This park would be situated in a locationfor residents to the proposed elder housing andcommunity/recreation center.Community Asset Areas89

Community Asset Area:The Colony Reserve is in an attractive rural setting approximately 15 miles south of Interstate40. The traditions of the Cheyenne and Arapaho can be found at Colony, centered on the Powwowgrounds. Here, people gather on a regular basis to learn about and enjoy Tribal culture and history.The largest individual event is the annual Labor Day Powwow, where thousands gather to experiencetraditional dance, music and food and purchase traditional arts and crafts.Land Use TypesMiscellaneousRetail CommercialOffice CommercialIndustrial CommercialResort/ Hotel/ Tourism CommercialCivic/ CulturalClustered HousingSingle-Family HousingAgricultureParks/ Open SpaceExisting RoadwaysInterior ConnectionsRiparian/ Open Space PreservationWaterways/ Ponds0 400’ 800’ 1200’Highway 54BRoad 2410 NorthDowntown PreservationImprovements/ Expansionof Existing Pow WowGrounds & Preservationof Historic PropertiesSingle Unit HousingPreservationOf Low-LyingRiparian AreaRoad 2430 NorthContinuation ofAgricultureEquestrian/Outdoor Events/Equestrian-BasedRehabilitationCenterGuest Ranch, RentalCabin Sites & CampingRoad 1160 eastHunting Preserve and/or Cattle Production/AgricultureRoad 1170 East90 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Road 2430 NorthColonySince future changes to Colony Reserve are basedon protection and enhancement of the area as aspecial rural place, future development has beentaken to an appropriately smaller scale. Thedevelopment strategy calls for restoration andreuse of the existing historic buildings to create anew core and focal point for the area and providethe potential for supportive new residential areasand equestrian-oriented business that maintainthe area’s strong rural character.Restore the Historic Seger School andGroundsThe historic Seger School is an important pieceof the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes’ modernhistory that should remain intact and be wellrepresented in the future. This school representsa page in the Tribes’ history, and it can remain acornerstone of the Colony community even whenused for another purpose. Appropriate uses couldinclude Tribal events and as a cultural educationcenter.Preserve AgricultureContinuing agricultural uses in the Tribes’special rural places as Colony is a fundamentalcomponent of the area’s rural lifestyle.Preservation ofRiparian Area &StreamwaysIt is important to protect these lands and torecognize them as viable economic resources.The existing mix of grazing and agriculturalproduction would be enhanced by the inclusion ofthe equestrian center.Develop New Housing that ComplementsColony’s SettingThe conceptual community asset area plancalls for a new residential neighborhood to beconstructed south of the town and west of thePowwow grounds and school site. Proposedhousing would be conventional single unithomes at a variety of house sizes. These newresidences complement the character of the areathrough careful house siting, which maintains anappearance that does not detract from the ruralscenery.Create an Equestrian Center with SupportingUsesThe equestrian center would provide horseboarding, training, rehabilitation and the abilityto host small competitions. The Center’s locationprovides access to open the beautiful rural landssurrounding Colony. Related to the equestrianuses would be a “Guest Ranch”, where guests canexperience the western ranching lifestyle.Action Items1. Create a detailed landscape restorationand building rehabilitation plan for theformer Seger Indian School and grounds2. Obtain grants for environmentalremediation and rehabilitation of theformer school and surrounding structuresand grounds, and apply for listing of thesestructures on the National Register ofHistoric Places.3. Work with Washita Co. Rural WaterDistrict #2 to upsize the existing watermain that will serve the new residentialneighborhoodCommunity Asset Areas91

Photo by Scott Reyman, AECOM

FivePlan ImplementationAs part of the Cheyenne and Arapaho TribesComprehensive Planning process, AECOMEconomics evaluated economic and market trendsapplicable to land under Cheyenne and ArapahoTribal jurisdiction. This chapter summarizes theTribes’ ability to capture an increasing shareof the region’s economic growth, addresses thelocal needs of Tribal members, and providesinsight on the development of ten prospectivecommunity asset areas. The market assessmenttakes a long-term view, recognizing that many ofthe suggested investments will be implementedincrementally over the coming decades.Market conditions were evaluated within theCheyenne and Arapaho Service Area with respectto housing, employment (office and industrialuses), recreation and tourism, and supportingservices such as commercial retail and lodging,to understand how recent trends and economicconditions affect development opportunities. Thisinformation was utilized in economic models thatevaluate overall development potentials for usesin the 10 community asset areas as well as othersites under Tribal control.The primary findings summarized withinthis chapter reflect data derived from readilyavailable federal, state and local sources, afield investigation, and information gatheredfrom interviews with key Tribal staff (refer toAppendix A for a list of individuals interviewed).The following specific information and methodswere used to determine market feasibility:• Data generated from the Cheyenne &Arapaho Tribes 2009 Base Studies Report(CWF Planning Services, LLC 2009) andCheyenne & Arapaho Tribes Economic Study(WHPacific, November 2007);• Jobs skills within the Tribal work force;• Traffic count data from the OklahomaDepartment of Transportation (ODOT),County and local sources;• Oklahoma tourist trade data; and• An examination of partnerships with federal,state and local governments, and other publicagencies;In addition to testing market potential for usesidentified in the Plan, the recommendationsare also intended to guide the critical decisionsrequired by the Tribes.Plan Implementation93

Summary of Key FindingsKey findings and recommendations from themarket analysis are summarized below:The Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes arewell-positioned to take advantage ofthe national and regional rise in culturalheritage tourism.Nationally, there has been an increase in“cultural heritage tourism”. The National Trustdefines cultural heritage tourism as travelingto experience the places and activities thatauthentically represent the people, historyand culture of a particular region. 1 There isno singular definition for cultural or heritagetourism or development strategy as each programbuilds upon the resources that are available ina particular area. However, at its core is that inmany instances, preserving and sharing localculture and heritage with visitors can bringeconomic benefits to a community. Examplesof cultural heritage tourism can range fromsmall museum tours highlighting the food andarchitecture of local cultures to performancesarts to historic trails.The 2006 Travel Activities and MotivationsSurvey (TAMS) by Lang Research surveyedUS travelers for participation in 98 activitiesand events that could be considered culture orentertainment oriented. AECOM Economicshas highlighted the top twenty that were mostcommon for US travelers. Of these twentyactivities, over half could realistically be part of atourism development program with a cultural orheritage focus. Visiting historic sites, museumsand galleries (41.2 percent); visiting theaters,casinos and comedy clubs (35.1 percent); andvisiting fairs and festivals (31.7 percent) werethe most common activities with a cultural orheritage focus for US travelers (Source: LangResearch, Inc., Travel Activities and MotivationsSurvey, 2006.). These activities match the currentdevelopment program in areas like Concho andColony.1 http://www.nationaltrust.org/heritage_tourism/index.htmlIn general, research has demonstrated thattravelers who participate in cultural andheritage-related activities are well-educated andhave above-average levels of income. Researchindicates that over half of participants havepost-secondary degrees. This is in comparison toroughly 39 percent of all traveling households.Activities characterized by the greatest shareof participants with post-secondary degreesinclude archeological digs (74.6 percent) andhigh art performances (74.2 percent). Notsurprisingly, activities characterized by thehighest levels of participant education are alsocharacterized by the highest average householdincomes. Archeological digs ($95,591), highart performances ($89,361), wine, beer andfood tasting ($89,722) and fine dining andspas ($91,604) are activities with participantscharacterized by the highest average householdincomes. All the activities match well with theexpanded casino amenities.Oklahoma’s experience reflects that of the nation,with heritage tourism as a fast growing industrysegment in the state where museums, culturalsites and similar destinations are projected to seea 63% increase in visitors over the ten-year periodfrom 2004-2014 (Source: Oklahoma 2014).94 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

The Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes have theability to invigorate the local economy andbecome more economically sustainable over timeby preserving and developing their substantialcultural heritage assets.These Tribal assets are significant, and rangefrom historic sites such as the Chisholm Trail,Caddo Springs and Colony school; to beautifulnatural features like Canton Lake; as well asthe Cheyenne and Arapaho buffalo herd andthe future Interpretive Center. Going handin-handwith development of these assets aresupport services like lodging, hunting, fishing andequestrian guide services, restaurants servingtraditionally-prepared Cheyenne and Arapahofoods, and the sale of traditional arts and crafts.Tourism visitation to areas offering interpretivethemes based on Tribal culture and, morespecifically, attractions emphasizing nativelanguage, art, and the area’s natural historycan be significant should they be designed,programmed and marketed appropriately,even in relatively remote locations, shouldthey be designed, programmed and marketedappropriately. AECOM’s experience workingwith cultural and historic facilities in similarcontexts suggests that visitation to Cheyenneand Arapaho cultural facilities and sites wouldgenerate revenues through public use (entry feesplus vending/gift shops expenditures), associatedwith research and educational uses (local schoolsand the Tribal College), longer visits, as well assponsored special events. Opportunities for NetOperating Income (NOI) related to such revenueswould need to be evaluated on a case-by-casebasis and are dependant on the particular conceptand experience being considered.Chisholm Trail. Image source: Engineering Department of the OklahomaState Wyoming CommissionPlan Implementation95

Calumet Grocery StoreStrategic business operations by theTribes will capture Tribal members’expenditures and provide needed goodsand services.There are certain markets within the Cheyenneand Arapaho jurisdiction where Tribal membersare inadequately served and will benefit fromTribally operated stores and services locatedcloser to the population. The location of goods andservices needed by the Tribal population requiresa long distance commute for essentials such asgroceries and medical care. This relative lack ofservices suggests that there is some ‘leakage’ ofTribal member expenditures in the conveniencegood, general merchandise and eating anddrinking categories that could be captured all orin part by the Tribes.When identifying sites for retail outlets,restaurants, medical facilities and othercommercial uses, developers rely on demographicdata including the trade-area population, trafficcounts, median household income and theemployment base to determine where they willlocate. At the present time, many of the identifiedCheyenne Arapaho community asset areas, aswell as the immediately surrounding areas, haveinsufficient population density, so real estateinvestors are deterred from developing those sitesfor retail and commercial uses.Cheyenne and Arapaho buffalo herdTherefore, in order to provide the Tribal servicesneeded, the Tribes need to take a strategic andincremental approach to development. To besuccessful, many of the services need to enter themarket with small-scale facilities and the builtincapacity to grow over time. A good example isa grocery store serving the Tribal population inand around the Town of Hammon. In this case,the Tribes should begin with the operation of avery small-scale grocery, either retrofitting anexisting building or constructing a small buildingdesigned with an eye on future expansion, andcarefully monitoring sales over a period to time tounderstand the level of market support.In order for commercial development to besuccessful, households should be concentratedin the community asset areas within walkingdistance or a short drive of commercialenterprises, which should be near keyintersections.96 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

US Photovoltaic Solar Resource: Flat Plate Tilted at Latitude; US 50 Meter Wind Power ResourceThe Tribes should position themselvesto take advantage of renewable energyresources.Opportunities will be explored to maximizedevelopment of wind energy and solar powertechnologies. Some of the lands within theCheyenne and Arapaho jurisdiction possesswind speeds sufficient to support commercialapplications, with wind ratings ranging from“fair” to “excellent” and running at average windspeeds of 14.3 – 17.9 miles per hour (measured50 meters above the ground). Similarly, thearea has a high percentage of sunny days witha corresponding incidence of solar radiationranging from 5.5 to 4.63 kWh per square meterper day that can be captured through photovoltaic(pv) cells (source: National Renewable EnergyLaboratory).In order to be commercially viable, wind farmproperties need to be selected based upon thepresence of consistently high wind speeds inaddition to their proximity to appropriately-sizedelectric substations and transmission lines thatcan transfer the power being generated.Building new transmission lines can costanywhere from $100,000 per mile to $1,000,000per mile, depending on the size and length ofthe lines. This can add considerable costs to theoverall project. With this in mind, it is in the bestinterest of the Tribes to find wind farm sites asclose as possible to transmission lines as well assubstations.Critical to the evaluation of wind sites will bewind speed and pattern data that has beencollected through anemometers over a sufficienttimeframe to ensure adequate wind resources arepresent. The best locations for wind generationfacilities are identified on the ComprehensivePlan Future Land Use map.Casinos operated on Tribal lands havesuccessfully captured regional marketshare and will continue to be successfulin this competitive market if strategicgaming enhancements are made.Gaming program enhancement typically includescreating destination attractions such as lodging,support activities, entertainment and enhancedmembership benefits. This process expands thefacility’s primary market areas and facilitatesovernight visitors. Experience has showngaming programs to be very competitive withina given market if the right enhancements aremade over time. Therefore, maintaining theeconomic benefits and share of the availablegaming market should be a key economic focusof the overall planning process. Key actions haveincluded new hotels, performing arts facilities,retail and restaurants.Plan Implementation97

Market Trends / DevelopmentFrameworkMarket Trends and OpportunitiesThe Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribal areaencompasses a nine-county region in westernOklahoma. The area has a total population ofapproximately 200,000 people with an estimated4,900 members of the Cheyenne and ArapahoTribes residing within this area. An additional7,356 Tribal members reside outside this ninecountyarea. With the exception of CanadianCounty, at the western edge of OklahomaCity, the overall area has a stable or modestlydeclining population base. Data indicates thatTribal activity in the nine-county area has anestimated annual economic impact of $174 milliondollars, and includes over 1,800 jobs, about half ofwhich result from Tribal casino activity.At a regional level, the population during the2000-2009 period grew at an annual rate of0.85%, from 991,432 to 1,080,603. During thissame period the median household income for theregion increased from $35,035 to $46,214, a rateof 3.1%. The average household size in the regiondecreased from 2.45 down to 2.43 for an annualgrowth rate of -0.1%.In each of the community asset areas, thepopulation growth has been similar to that ofthe region. Watonga has seen the highest rate ofgrowth with 1.6% while some, such as Seiling andCanton, have seen a decrease annually of -0.4%.The Tribal median household incomes have allincreased at a slightly lower rate than the regionwith the range being from 2.1% in Canton to2.7% in Elk City, Clinton and El Reno. The realvalue of the median household income in 2009was highest in El Reno, which was $42,867, andlowest was Canton at $31,950. All of the sitestudy areas saw a decrease in average householdsize which mirrored the regional rate, rangingfrom -0.1-0.3%.The community asset area sites for this study arelocated geographically west of Oklahoma Cityin several counties. They are found near smalltowns of varying size and demographic makeup.For a closer examination of each site, a 10-mileradius study area was drawn to determine thelocal population. For most sites these study areasdo not overlap, but in the case of the Conchoand El Reno sites there is significant overlap.As such, these sites should not be combined in acumulative fashion. Rather, a 75-mile regionalstudy area has been defined to examine theCommunity Asset Area Comparisons – 10 -Mile Market RadiusCanton Seiling Watonga Concho El Reno Geary Colony Clinton Elk CityRedMoon2009Population 2,267 2,291 7,100 20,597 22,003 5,992 2,286 11,337 14,792 1,145PopulationGrowth(2000-2009) -0.4% -0.4% 1.6% 0.4% 0.6% 0.5% 0.2% -0.2% 0.9% -0.3%2009Households 969 948 1,840 7,537 8,020 2,056 863 4,404 5,926 4452009 Med.HouseholdIncome $31,950 $34,603 $34,847 $40,675 $42,867 $37,074 $35,751 $35,746 $37,337 $37,2502009 OwnerOccupied % 82% 80% 73% 68% 69% 79% 73% 67% 69% 78%Source: ESRI Business Analyst, AECOM98 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

GearyMarket Service AreasTotal Population by Block Groupbroader regional trends. A point to note with thisbroader study area is that the western portion ofthe Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area(MSA) is captured.The individual sites follow roughly the I-40corridor west of Oklahoma City, as is the casewith seven of the sites, or the Route 281 highwayheading northwest. Concho, El Reno and Gearyare in proximity to Oklahoma City on the I-40corridor and have some degree of overlap betweentheir community asset areas. Colony lies south ofthe I-40 corridor partway between The Elk City/Clinton/Hammon cluster of community assetareas. Watonga, Canton and Seiling lie along thestate and federal routes heading northwest.The population as previously mentioned isconcentrated heavily in the eastern portion of thestudy area surrounding Oklahoma City. However,along I-40 surrounding the Elk City area, thereis also a significant concentration of population.The cities of Lawton to the south and Enid to thenorth east are population concentrations that aresome distance from any of the community assetareas.Plan Implementation99

Market Trends / CommunityAsset Area Sites EvaluationConsidering the identified general economicmarket trends and their probable market implications,an overview assessment of the ten communityasset areas and the initial proposed developmentconcepts were evaluated to maximize Tribaldevelopment opportunities and their economicbenefits. The real estate market considerationsare incorporated into the implementation measuresfound in the Comprehensive Plan.The following assessment overviews thecommunity asset area sites and the initiallyidentified potential development concepts froma real estate market and project feasibilityperspective. Information provided regardingTribal member development objectives revealseveral common themes including job creation;Tribal heritage; and addressing Tribal members’health, substance abuse, and other problems.The employment priorities can generally beincorporated when reviewing alternative marketopportunities at the community asset area sites.The Tribal functions and personal issues (i.e.substance abuse, alcoholism, teenager problems,etc.) will be primarily Tribal decisions based onresources and leadership agreement.Immediate-Term (next 1-3 years)Tribal Cultural Center, Truck Stop & Gas Station and infrastructureConchoupgrades; Create Tribal Construction CompanyCantonHousing Master PlanHighway/ Roadway-related retail and service development, including TruckElk CityStop & Gas StationShort-Term (3-5 years)All Applicable Sites Hotel Expansion/Feasibility StudiesConchoHousing Master PlanConchoTribal Farm & Ranch Business PlanMid-Term (5-10 years)El RenoInfrastructure Improvements; Business Plan for Tribal Event CenterFuture site development for Tribal Arts & Crafts Store, restaurant andGearygreenhouseBuffalo Meat/By-Products Facility; Feasibility Study for metal building salesConchoand distributionClintonFeasibility Study for Light Manufacturing100Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Several program concepts have been identified byTribal planners:• Tribal heritage and cultural center – servesTribal members and location should reflectappropriate site environments, Tribalpopulation concentrations and other Tribalconsiderations.• Tribal center to serve tourists and visitors– commercial attraction visible from or nearRoute 40.• Possible combination of Tribal and visitorprograms possibly near Concho Casino andTribal offices (i.e. an area familiar to all Tribalmembers as well as a visitor draw).As the planning process continues, there willbe opportunities to define priority projectsfrom a market perspective in terms of scale,coordinated functions, operation, etc. Data canalso be assembled for potential developmentsites adjacent to identified trust land in selectedpriority development areas.Considering modest economic growth rates in theregion, development of the community asset areasmust be focused. Some sites are well-positionedfor development in the near term, while otherswill take several years for market conditions andinfrastructure investments to “catch up” so thatthe sites can be successfully developed. Based onour analysis, the three tiers for community assetarea development are as outlined in the precedingtable.1. Canton LakeCanton Lake is a premier regional recreationalamenity and adjacent to several key areas thatthe Tribes already own. Road access via Route270 and proximity to the Oklahoma City marketare both positive market assets. Potential Tribalproperty opportunities that have been identifiedinclude a mixed-use casino/lodge concept, marina,and various beach and lake amenities. Currentdevelopment activity in the area is modest, asis the existing casino facility. The initial marketconclusion is that Canton Lake and the potentialmarket opportunities offered by the OklahomaCity area provide a variety of opportunities fora long-term, phased, multi-use recreationaldevelopment project. The key attraction couldbe a larger-scale, high-end casino with relatedlodging and entertainment activity potentiallylocated on the Lake. This strategy should be aphased program over a period of years limitingrisk and necessary infrastructure investment.As with similar gaming programs, this creates adestination attraction targeted to current priorityprogram participants as well as targeted marketsin more distant locations (such as Texas).Additional development concepts and theirprobable market considerations may include:• Casino, Lodging and Entertainment – Themarket opportunity for a casino/resort projectmaximizing lake access, pristine cove andappropriate lodging activity is a potentialTribal opportunity. In order for the highendlodge and casino to be economicallysuccessful, social and business conferenceevent space including banquet facilities maybe a necessary element to the operation. Useof the facility for thematic events year-roundwill help to bridge the gap between strongsummer /shoulder seasons and the slowerwinter market.• Marina – A marina project was recentlyconsidered but did not proceed for a varietyof reasons, including some reported shorelineerosion problems. Recent national markettrends are not positive for boating, especiallyin areas undergoing economic downturns.An option could be to preserve an appropriatesite for a potential marina and phase it inonce the lodging and casino are in place.Plan Implementation101

102Canton Lake• Cabins and Campgrounds – Several existingrecreational areas are currently in place,including several state parks. Indications arethat there has been a downturn in campingand fishing, which is not uncommon in today’ssimilar recreational areas. Small deluxecabins are a new market in the area and couldbe linked to the lodge and marina to assurea level of use that would assure financialfeasibility.• Housing - Over the long-term, proximity to thelake and potential expansion of entertainmentactivity create opportunities for futureresidential neighborhoods. The market basisfor housing is from growth within the Tribesand retirement housing for those seekingamenities such as a lake, marina, golf course,casino and restaurants.Development of a mixed use project on attractiveCanton Lake is an obvious Tribal opportunity.However, drawing people to this location willrequire a significant financial commitment, andwill need to be carefully phased and consist ofwell-integrated development components.Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive PlanSite Market Opportunities• Numerous amenities associated with CantonLake• Road access• Proximity to Oklahoma City and other urbanregional markets• Demand for retirement homes• Proposed activity can be phased over timeSite Market Constraints• Significant investment will be needed tocreate a new quality destination project• Substantial future upgrades to the CantonPublic Works Authority sanitary sewersystem will add potentially significant cost tofuture development• Housing will need available support amenities• Competition from other Canton Lake andstate park attractionsThe US Army Corps of Engineers is presentlyconstructing a $149 million auxiliary spillwayand channel project at Canton Dam. Thisauxiliary spillway and accompanying channel areneeded to handle maximum probable floodwaters.The next project phase will include constructionof a highway bridge crossing the auxiliaryspillway. The entire improvement project isprojected for completion in September 2015. Thespillway improvement project will reduce thepossibility of flooding on Tribally-owned lands.

2. ClintonAlthough the Clinton community asset area isclose to Interstate 40, the current interchangeonly has a westbound exit ramp and eastboundentrance ramp. The area’s focus on medicalactivity, including the vacant former hospitalspace, has generated a potential developmentfocus on:• Casino and Entertainment - There has beendiscussion of casino expansion and a relatedhotel concept.• Medical Activity - From a market perspective,there should be continued focus on Tribalmedical needs, the creation of a medicalcluster, and extended service for the existingelderly population. Serving the populationto the east is no problem; however, trafficfrom the west has no access at the currentinterchange. How this limited access willimpact new uses such as medical or potentialcasino expansion is a potential issue. Adetailed review of Tribal medical activityand needs should be conducted to determinealternative program solutions and facilities tofill niche medical markets.• Housing - Tribal housing appears to be alogical land use, especially if some of thesupport amenities (i.e. restaurants, retail,3. ColonyThe Colony Reserve is an outdoor environmentapproximately 15 miles south of Interstate 40 (I-40) adjacent to the small Town of Colony. Colonyis home to the historic Segar Indian TrainingSchool buildings and a cemetery. A portion of theformer school land is used for Tribal Pow-wowactivities, including the annual Cheyenne andArapaho Labor Day Pow-wow and other culturalevents. The balance of land within the ColonyReserve, totaling over 2,445 acres, is held inpasture or croplands.Tribal facility development should focus onbuilding a place that fosters connections betweenthe natural setting and the Tribes’ culturalhistory that is evident in Colony. A primecommercial opportunity exists with creation ofservices, etc.) that would serve medical andcasino visitors are implemented. Seniorhousing in proximity to medical services isalso a possible opportunity.• Hotel - A hotel with linkage to the casinoand medical visitors would provide anotheramenity, although this concept would bechallenging given the current interchangelimitations.Site Market Opportunities• Excellent access from east• Build-off current medical activity• Medical services are a growth business• Medical activity generates nearby potentialhousing activity, especially for elderly orassisted living programs.• Supportable market conditions and housingfor retail.Site Market Constraints• Activity primarily linked to highway trafficwill currently be limited. It should be notedthat the Tribal program has a workingrelationship with ODOT. Medical programactivity and casino expansion be directlylinked to improved highway access.a guest ranch. The term “guest ranch” generallyrefers to ranches that offer one or more horsebackriding experience, which can include cattle drives,working with livestock, and/ or trail riding.Facilities are either working ranches or moreformal ranch “resorts”, which offer the experienceof ranch living with modern amenities and morediverse offerings. Accommodations tend to berustic in nature, particularly if the location is a“working ranch” rather than a resort.For working ranches, the terrain (ridingenvironment) influences the experience; i.e.meadow or prairie.In general, these facilities are not large,offering capacity for up to 30 guests in notedcases. Examples of similar facilities within thePlan Implementation103

Cheyenne and Arapaho Service area are locatednear Sayre, Oklahoma and include:• Flying W Guest Ranch - The facility offersabout 2,000 acres with trail and wagon rides,several forms of accommodation (RV sites andcabins) and a restaurant. General focus is onthe Great Plains landscape with cattle andbuffalo present.• Red River Ranch Retreat - This is a 700-acre“working ranch” with cattle and horses, ratherthan solely a resort. The facility is equinefocused.A complementary use to a working ranch wouldbe a Tribal equestrian facility with a direct tieto the Southwestern Oklahoma State UniversityPre-Veterinary Medicine Program, the Cheyenneand Arapaho Tribal College and the Cheyenneand Arapaho Farm and Ranch Program. Thefacility would provide the Tribes’ youth anopportunity to learn more about the care of horsesand riding, and experience traditional horsehandling techniques.Federal grants may be available through the SaveAmerica’s Treasures grant program to restoreexisting historic buildings and grounds thatcontribute to the character of the area. Similarly,the development of a comprehensive preservationplan for the Colony School site could be eligiblefrom the Historic Preservation Fund.Proposed equestrian activity was also identifiedas a source of jobs. Although there has been ageneral nationally decline in equestrian markets,Oklahoma ranks fourth nationally in total equinenumbers and first in per capita. According to theBureau of Labor Statistics, veterinary serviceswill be one of the fastest growing employmentmarkets in the future.Site Market Opportunities• Suitable location for expanded Tribal heritageactivity• Reasonably easy to access for potentialvisitors to Tribal programs• Capitalize on the historic Seger Colony school• Compatible with guest ranch conceptSite Market Constraints• None for identified functions• Wind farm development would be costly dueto extensive transmission line constructionnecessary to connect the project to the powergrid104Near historic Seger School and Powwow grounds, ColonyCheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

4. ConchoThe Concho Reserve is the home of the Cheyenneand Arapaho Tribal government, the site of themajor, soon-to-be-expanded Lucky Star Casino,and the home of the buffalo herd. Concho willremain the Tribal governmental, businessand service center as well as one of the Tribesmajor casino locations. The primary marketopportunities for the area are based on fourfactors; proximity to Oklahoma City; proximityto El Reno; status as the center for the Cheyenneand Arapaho government, and the location forone of the Tribes’ larger casinos. Developmentconcepts identified include:• Retail development by gateway area inproximity to the smoke shop• Gas station (presently in the design phase)• Independent living facility• Casino expansion and hotel / resort• Future housing development• Interpretive center and local crafts center• Expanded buffalo herd and tours• Youth camps• New governmental buildings• Justice centerFrom a market perspective, expanding the casinoprogram and casino-related amenities such asa hotel and concert facilities will result in thelargest impact to economic development. Smaller,regional gaming facilities, like the Lucky Star,have increased their regional draw by creating“entertainment clusters”, where a hotel andconference center is joined with gaming. A newgas station or related commercial near the smokeshop could be developed as visitation increases.Other opportunities will not generate as manyjobs, but will result in visitors staying longerin the area. Expansion of the buffalo herd andassociated lands may become a regional andnational destination if done properly, creatingone of the largest Native American herds inOklahoma. Visitors could tour the herd, stay atthe hotel and visit the casino and interpretivecenter.An Interpretive Center at Concho would havevisitation drawing power if well-designed andintegrated into the mix of entertainment andlodging uses. The proposed Interpretive Center’scapital cost would not be supported solely bythe private market. Federal assistance wouldbe necessary to construct a facility that wouldrepresent the culture of the Tribes. Operationsshould focus more on facility tours and retailsales from the associated local crafts center thanthrough a static “museum type” display.Considering the size of the resident populationin and near the Concho Reserve, a smallconvenience-scale grocery store would be viablein the near-term, with market support for a smallgrocery of up to 15,000 square feet in size as theresident and visitor population increases over thenext several years.The size of the grocery store is based on demandwithin the trade area, which is largely a functionof the number of residents within realistic drivingdistances. In a densely populated urban market,grocery trade areas can be as small as a threemile radius; in more rural areas, market sizelogically increases. Within the past five years,the market has dictated that newly constructedgrocery stores either tend to be very large (above55,000 square feet) or smaller (10,000 to 15,000square feet).Grocery (food and beverage) stores typically fallinto several specific formats:• Larger format stores operated by nationalchains, typically larger than 60,000 squarefeet in size. These stores focus on high volumeand low prices.• Traditional grocery stores, generally from30,000 to 50,000 square feet. Stores inthis size range have been challenged bycompetition with larger formats such as Wal-Mart and Target.• Smaller grocery stores range from smallconvenience stores to chains such Trader Joes,which can be up to 15,000 square feet in size.Smaller convenience stores stock fewer items,offset by higher prices, with fewer fresh items(produce).Plan Implementation105

The following table summarizes generalizedfactors for the number of households that wouldbe needed to sustain grocery stores of differentsizes, assuming no competition, sustainable storesales of $500 per square foot, and average yearlyspending of $7,200 on grocery and personal careproducts. The chart shows that while over 3,800households are needed to sustain one largerformat grocery store, only about 300 are needed tosupport a 5,000-square foot convenience-orientedgrocery store.Store Size(square feet)NecessaryStore Sales55,000 $27,500,000 3,80035,000 $17,500,000 2,40015,000 $7,500,000 1,0005,000 $2,500,000 3002,5000 $1,250,000 200SupportableNumber ofHouseholdsSite Market Opportunities• Creation of a nationally-renown buffalo herd• Well-known site for Tribal members andcasino visitors• Short-term development will provide asufficient number of households to support aconvenience-scale grocery, with the market fora small grocery store in the future• Good local road access• Casino support amenities can be added,making it an entertainment destination• Tribal activity opportunities (e.g. culturalcenter, events, services)• Employment and Tribal activity mayencourage housing development• Proximity to Oklahoma City and El RenoSite Market Constraints• Somewhat removed from highway access(limited visibility to draw first time visitors)• Currently limited non-casino activity forpotential hotel visitors• Tribal activity center and casino are differentfunctions (limited market sharing)a. Infrastructure limitations in the area[water service extensions from CanadianCounty RWS (aka Green Valley) wouldrequire annexation to water district]b. Water service from City of El Reno costprohibitivec. Substantial development will requireconstruction of a packaged watertreatment plant sized to accommodateultimate buildout of the Concho Reserve106Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

5. Elk CityElk City is a well-located community asset areawith direct access and visibility to Interstate40. The only present activity is the BAR-Smeat packing facility and trucking lot. The sitereportedly has poor infrastructure, which iscurrently being improved.The primary market consideration is the newSuper Wal-Mart directly across Interstate 40. Inaddition to substantiating the market desirabilityof this location, the Wal-Mart facility is a majorcustomer draw on a year-round basis. While it isimportant to note that related development willlikely occur around the Wal-Mart attraction (i.e.service station, dining, etc.), the Tribal propertywill be in an excellent position to pursue newmarket opportunities including:• Hotel/Casino• Entertainment• Retail opportunities• Highway-related businesses in Travel Plaza -oriented more to the long-haul traveler, bothtrucks and automobiles (i.e. automotive, reststop, care of basic needs, etc.)• National or regional chain restaurants onPAD sitesThe proposed retail activity, including a groceryand restaurants, are supportable due to theamount of local housing and number of travelerson I-40. The location on a prime interchangewith great access makes this an immediateopportunity for the Tribes.Site Market Opportunities• Excellent highway access and visibility• Proximity to Wal-Mart project• Retail and restaurant uses oriented to thetraveling public• Opportunity site for a Tribal culturalcommercial business center (i.e. visitorsintroduced to Tribes and provided withrelated retail amenities)Site Market Constraints• None identified6. El Reno (90 acres)The Tribes have recently purchased a 90-acreparcel fronting I-40, just southeast of the SouthCountry Club Road interchange. Given the site’sproximity to the Oklahoma City metropolitanarea, traffic volume is high, with over 25,000vehicles passing through this section of I-40 daily.A hotel becomes feasible on this El Reno area siteas growth continues from Oklahoma City to thewest. The El Reno hotel market is largely limitedservice in nature, with up to 8 hotels locatedproximate to the Country Club Road and I-40interchange.Brands include:• Days Inn• Best Western• Baymont Inn• Motel 6The Best Western is the market leader, withaverage pricing of about $75 per room. Otherhotels are pricing in the $50 range per night.Super 8 and Budget are also in this market.Hotel pricing opportunities improve to the eastin Yukon along Garth Brooks Avenue, wheremainstream brands such as Hampton Inn, LaQuinta Inn & Suites, and Holiday Inn Express &Suites have hotels; pricing for these properties ishigher in the $70 to $100 range per night.Plan Implementation107

There is a regional hospital near this interstateinterchange, which likely influences demand.Securing a reputable national chain hotel to buildan “upscale budget” hotel on this site is the mostviable commercial option at this time.Site Market Opportunities• Excellent site visibility from the InterstateHighway• Access is relatively good, with an accessapproximately ¼ mile from the interchange• Proximity to the Oklahoma City regionalmarket• Suitable for highway-related businesses(motel, automotive-related)• Potential retail development siteSite Market Constraints• Competition from existing restaurant andmotel chains• Visibility is excellent from the Interstate,but more than half of the frontage along theabutting street, S. Country Club Road, hasalready been developed which restricts accessto a certain degree.7. Hammon (Red Moon)Hammon is somewhat isolated site in termsof access and activity, but was selected due toreports of major unused Tribal property. Severalpotential development concepts were identifiedincluding single-family housing, Powwowgrounds, agricultural activity, and small-scaleretail on Highway 33. An additional considerationidentified was possible feedlots that could benefitfrom Tribal tax breaks.From a market perspective, the site is in a veryrural area with limited road traffic and has thelowest population within a ten mile radius of anycommunity asset area site under consideration soit has little value as a commercial site.A large casino is not well- suited to the site,particularly in light of its proximity to Elk Citysite and the lack of nearby population or ease ofaccess to major population centers. The Elk Citywill intercept competition —i.e., the better locatedand more proximal sites will experience customerdemand first.Site Market Opportunities• Tribal activity• Agriculture - explore potential tax advantagesSite Market Constraints• Site removed from marketing activity,population centers and the Interstate 40corridor108Existing wind farm near HammonCheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

8. GearyThe Geary Community Asset Area is located offInterstate 40, west of El Reno and ¼ mile southof Geary at the Hwy 281 interchange. Trafficvolumes begin dropping off along this sectionof I-40 from the Oklahoma City area, with totaldaily traffic at approximately 23,000 vehicles.Unlike the El Reno and Elk City sites along I-40,traffic counts are not expected to increase due to alack of traffic generation, i.e., major employment,major retail uses or housing.This Tribally-owned site is relatively small atapproximately 6.8 acres in size, and houses apre-fabricated metal building. The developmentconcept discussed to date for this site includesa Tribal arts and crafts outlet. This site couldsupport retail sales, such as an arts and craftsoutlet; however, the store size would be relativelysmall given the location, since larger retailstores type generally rely on significantly higherpopulation densities for support or a locationdirectly fronting a high-visibility highway withhigher traffic counts. Market potential at thisinterchange suggests that the site would not meetlarger-scale retail needs in the foreseeable future.An alternative to the greenhouse concept wouldbe to target businesses with storage needsthat can be accommodated within the existingbuilding, e.g., construction staging, landscapecontracting, or oil and gas drilling equipmentoperations. Retrofitting the existing buildingwould likely enable low-cost entry into themarket, while providing more immediate revenueto the Tribes.Site Market Opportunities• Access has potential if improved• Proximity to Oklahoma City regional market• Utilities are availableSite Market Constraints• Limited site development area• Existing building has potential to beadaptively reused for other purposesA viable use of the property would be to converta portion of the building into a small arts andcrafts outlet, along with supportive uses for thebalance of the building, such as a greenhouse andaccompanying small restaurant. Growing produceon the site in conjunction with the Tribal Farmand Ranch program would allow high value fruitand vegetable crops to be produced without therisks caused by the extreme Oklahoma weatherconditions. Production will allow distribution ofnutritious whole foods to Tribal members at areasonable cost and will also support the Tribalfood canning programs. The restaurant couldspecialize in traditional Cheyenne and Arapahofoods created with fresh ingredients produced inthe greenhouse.Plan Implementation109

9. SeilingThe Seiling community asset area is locatedalong Highway 281 and is proposed primarily forindustrial / manufacturing activity, with possibleconsideration of a storage space facility. ODOTdata suggests that a high volume of trucks comethrough the area, with a total of 5,200 vehiclesper day (mix of cars/trucks) at the intersection ofHighways 281 and 183 (281/183).Site Market Opportunities• The intersection of 281/183, along withCounty Roads 3 and 51 at Seiling, providesa trucking hub for the area. These roadsfunction as convenient truck routes towardAmarillo to the west, Tulsa to the east, andthe I-40 corridor to the south.• Manufacturing uses may hold a locationaladvantage given existing truck routesSite Market Constraints• No trust lands at site• Removed from the Oklahoma City regionalmarket and I-40 corridor.10. Watonga (Franklin Reserve)The Watonga site is the location of the FeatherWarrior Casino, Indian Health Center and afood distribution facility. The site has relativelygood road access and includes an existinggrain-hauling railroad route (AT&L Railroad).Proposed additional potential activities includean industrial / manufacturing area (such as apossible call center concept), expanded Tribalservices functions, senior housing developmentlinked to the health center and possible casinorelated activity.From a locational perspective, the Watongacommunity asset area is well-suited for theproposed functions. The casino and proposedindustrial / manufacturing functions link wellto the areas road access and proximity to theOklahoma City regional markets. The healthcenter and food distribution activity can servesimilar Tribal markets and senior housingdevelopment would also link to existing activity.The call center proposal appears well-suited toTribal employment needs and probable skills.Site Market Opportunities• Access is good, improved by ODOT at Tribalrequest• Activity related to casino or health services• Proximity to Oklahoma City regional marketSite Market Constraints• Utilities are City-owned• Possible soil (sand) issues identified110Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Tribal PrioritiesAs outlined, market opportunities varyconsiderably. Implementing proposeddevelopment projects, especially for Tribalactivities and needs, will be directly linked toavailable financial development and operationalresources. As reviewed with project planners,Tribal leadership will determine which facilitiesto pursue. AECOM’s experience is that access andinfrastructure physical considerations, as wellas proximity to Tribal population concentration,should be considered. From an economicand market perspective, the prime Tribaldevelopment considerations should include:• Protection and strengthening of the importantemployment and income generating Tribalgaming program;• Maximization and prioritization of siteswith the best access to the I-40 corridor andOklahoma regional market; and• Determination of the most efficient methodsto meet identified Tribal needs with primefocus on employment, health, education andheritage.As indicated in the summary information, thesites under consideration have a range of neartermand longer-tem opportunities. The sites,however, have varying strengths and weaknessesand the types of possible developments mayrequire many different real estate approaches -developer partnerships, Tribal led, public privatepartnerships, etc. In general we find that four ofthe sites have potential for medical, gaming, andhighway / roadway leveraged development, withthe remaining sites having longer-term potentialacross a variety of uses and functions. Key issuesfor consideration include how the developmentgrowth pattern of Oklahoma City may impact thesites over time, particularly the extent to whichaccessibility makes business and developmentmore viable on specific sites.PhasingConsidering limited Tribal resources andgenerally slow population and economic growthof the region, community asset area developmentshould be prioritized. Some are well-positionedfor development in the near-term, while otherswill take several years for market conditionsand infrastructure investments to “catch up”so that the sites can be successfully developed.Based on this analysis, the four timing tiersfor development and over 70 actions have beendeveloped.The Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes Plan has along planning horizon, identifying measures thatwill take up to 50 years to accomplish. Within thisoverall timeframe, measures were categorizedinto four incremental planning periods:• Immediate: 1-3 years• Short-term: 3-5 years• Mid-term: 5-10 years• Long-term: 10+ yearsThese implementation actions are not regulatory,but are intended to provide direction to theTribes’ leaders and Tribal departments, publicagencies and other entities as they developwork plans, so that staff and resources can beappropriately assigned over time. Implementationof the Plan will require coordination andalignment between this and other adoptedplans and strategies to ensure a commonvision and consistent policy recommendations.Implementation actions our described in thefollowing implementation tables.Plan Implementation111

Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5Year 6Year 7Year 8Year 9Year 10Year 11Year 12Year 13Year 14Year 15Year 16Year 17Year 18Year 19Year 20Year 21Year 21Year 23Year 24Year 25Immediate Actions:Project ActionKey Action StepsConcho Tribal Cultural Center, Truckstop andGas Station and Infrastructure UpgradesAdopt Buffer Standards for Riparian/Wetland/Habitat AreasCreate recycling drop-off areas on Reservesand enter into recycling agreements with wastemanagement districtsChisholm Trail Development and InterpretiveFacilitiesConcho Buffalo Interpretive Trail andInterpretive FacilitiesConcho Tribal Construction CompanyCanton Housing Master PlanCreate Zoning DistrictsFeasibility Study Federal Assistance,Development of Matching FundsCreate habitat buffer standardsPrepare Cost Assessment for Recycling dropofffacilitiesGrants, State Historic Preservation Office;Design and constructionGrants, State Historic Preservation Office;Design and constructionDevelop 8A Tribal business to offer Tribalconstruction servicesTribal housing master plans, preliminaryengineering reports; environmentalassessments; architectural design; constructionof a variety of housing typesFinalize Mapping based on Future Land UseMap; Create zoning regulations112Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Year 26Year 27Year 28Year 29Year 30Year 31Year 32Year 33Year 34Year 35Year 36Year 37Year 38Year 39Year 40Year 41Year 42Year 43Year 44Year 45Year 46Year 47Year 48Year 49Year 501-3 YearsPartnershipsIndian Health Services, Department of the Interior - Indian Arts and Crafts BoardOklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma Cooperative ExtensionServiceCity, County, and District waste management providersOklahoma Historical SocietyLegislativeAction•••Oklahoma Historical SocietyCities, Towns and Counties•Plan Implementation113

Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 6Year 7Year 8Year 9Year 10Year 11Year 12Year 13Year 14Year 15Year 5Year 16Year 17Year 18Year 19Year 20Year 21Year 21Year 23Year 24Year 25Actions for theProject ActionKey Action StepsConcho Tribal Housing Master PlanConcho, Canton, Clinton, El Reno, Colony HotelExpansion/ Feasibility StudyConcho Tribal Farm and Ranch BusinessFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyBusiness PlanConcho Buffalo Herd Expansion Acquire Adjacent Land, New Stock, IncreaseStaff, Acquire Equipment, DevelopmentMarketing Program, Begin ToursColony Land AcquisitionFeasibility StudyElk City Truck Stop and Gas StationFeasibility Study114Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Year 26Year 27Year 28Year 29Year 30Year 31Year 32Year 33Year 34Year 35Year 36Year 37Year 38Year 39Year 40Year 41Year 42Year 43Year 44Year 45Year 46Year 47Year 48Year 49Year 50Short-Term: 3-5 YearsPartnershipsIndian Health Services, BIA HousingBIA Branch of Fish, Wildlife and RecreationPlan Implementation115

Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 6Year 7Year 8Year 9Year 10Year 11Year 12Year 13Year 14Year 15Year 5Year 16Year 17Year 18Year 19Year 20Year 21Year 21Year 23Year 24Year 25Actions for theProject ActionKey Action StepsTribal Energy Board/AuthorityTribal Water Board/AuthorityConcho Water Quality ResearchEl Reno Property DevelopmentGeary Art and Craft Market, Restaurant,GreenhouseConcho Metal Building BusinessClinton Light Manufacturing BusinessConcho Buffalo Meat/By-products BusinessAgricultural Production - multiple sitesEl Reno Tribal Event CenterCanton Marina and Camping FacilitiesDevelopment of BoardDevelopment and ResearchResearchFeasibility and Marketing StudyBusiness PlanBusiness Development PlanFeasibility/Marketing StudyBusiness DevelopmentBusiness DevelopmentFeasibility and Business PlanFinal Design and Construction116Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

Year 26Year 27Year 28Year 29Year 30Year 31Year 32Year 33Year 34Year 35Year 36Year 37Year 38Year 39Year 40Year 41Year 42Year 43Year 44Year 45Year 46Year 47Year 48Year 49Year 50Mid-Term: 5-10 YearsPartnershipsOklahoma Water Resources BoardU.S. Army Corps of EngineersPlan Implementation117

MeasureYear 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5Year 6Year 7Year 8Year 9Year 10Year 11Year 12Year 13Year 14Year 15Year 16Year 17Year 18Year 19Year 20Year 21Year 21Year 23Year 24Year 25Actions for the Long-Term:Key Action StepsCanton Nursing & Residential Care FacilitiesClinton Land AcquisitionConcho Land AcquisitionEl Reno Land AcquisitionElk City Land AcquisitionHammon Land AcquisitionSeiling Land AcquisitionWatonga Land AcquisitionWind Energy DevelopmentConcho PV Solar DevelopmentOil & Gas ProductionHammon (Red Moon) Tobacco Production andSalesClinton Smoke ShopsClinton Medical FacilitiesClinton Nursing & Residential Care FacilitiesConcho Nursing & Residential Care FacilitiesConcho Expanded Public AdministrationExpanded Gaming/ Restaurant/EntertainmentFood Services/Kitchen/CateringConcho Grocery StoreHammon Small Grocery StoreFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyWind Studies, Site Selection, EnvironmentalClearances, Power Purchase AgreementsSite Selection, Environmental Clearances,Power Purchase AgreementsFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility Study118Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

10+ YearsPartnershipsYear 29Year 30Year 31Year 32Year 33Year 34Year 35Year 36Year 37Year 38Year 39Year 40Year 26Year 27Year 28Year 41Year 42Year 43Year 44Year 45Year 46Year 47Year 48Year 49Year 50Indian Health ServicesNational Indian Energy Group, BIA Office of Indian Energy, utility companiesNational Indian Energy Group, BIA Office of Indian Energy, utility companiesBIA Division of Energy and Mineral DevelopmentNational Center for American Indian EnterpriseIndian Health ServicesIndian Health ServicesIndian Health ServicesBIA HousingNational Center for American Indian EnterpriseNational Center for American Indian EnterpriseNational Center for American Indian EnterprisePlan Implementation119

Actions for the Long-Term:MeasureKey Action StepsCanton Marina and Associated ServicesColony Equestrian Development & ActivitiesColony Hunting and Fishing Guide ServicesCanton Tribal HousingClinton Tribal HousingSeiling Call CenterCanton Rehabilitation FacilityConcho Educational CampusConcho Youth CampConcho Commercial kitchen.Canton Expanded Gaming/ Restaurant/EntertainmentClinton Expanded Gaming/ Restaurant/EntertainmentConcho Expanded Gaming/ Restaurant/EntertainmentHammon Gaming/ Restaurant/EntertainmentElk City Radio & Television StationSeiling Radio & Television StationClinton Light ManufacturingEl Reno Light ManufacturingWatonga Light ManufacturingElk City DistributionSeiling DistributionHouse ConstructionCanton Land AcquisitionWeatherford Land AcquisitionCanton Community ServicesClinton Community ServicesConcho Community ServicesWatonga Medical FacilitiesSeiling Light ManufacturingConcho Water BottlingEl Reno Water BottlingTribal Constitution Reform ProjectFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyFeasibility StudyAction Plan120Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

10+ Years (continued)PartnershipsBIA Fish, Wildlife and Recreation ProgramBIA Fish, Wildlife and Recreation ProgramBIA Fish, Wildlife and Recreation ProgramIndian Health Services, BIA HousingBIA HousingIndian Health Services, BIA Division of Tribal Government ServicesOffice of Indian EducationBIA Fish, Wildlife and Recreation ProgramIndian Health Service, National Center for American Indian EnterpriseNational Center for American Indian EnterpriseIndian Health Service, National Center for American Indian EnterpriseNational Center for American Indian EnterpriseBIA Division of Tribal Government ServicesIndian Heath ServicesIndian Health Services, TribesIndian Health Services, TribesIndian Health Services, TribesIndian Health Services, TribesIndian Health Services, TribesBIA Division of Tribal Government ServicesBIA Division of Tribal Government ServicesBIA Division of Tribal Government ServicesBIA HousingIndian Health Services, Oklahoma Water Resources BoardIndian Health Services, Oklahoma Water Resources BoardIndian Health Services, Oklahoma Water Resources BoardPlan Implementation121

AppendixValues Polling ResultsAs part of the Cheyenne and Arapaho TribesComprehensive Planning process, AECOMEconomics evaluated economic and market trendsapplicable to land under Cheyenne and ArapahoTribal jurisdiction. This chapter summarizes theTribes’ ability to capture an increasing shareof the region’s economic growth, addresses thelocal needs of Tribal members, and providesinsight on the development of ten prospectivecommunity asset areas. The market assessmenttakes a long-term view, recognizing that many ofthe suggested investments will be implementedincrementally over the coming decades.Market conditions were evaluated within theCheyenne and Arapaho Service Area with respectto housing, employment (office and industrialuses), recreation and tourism, and supportingservices such as commercial retail and lodging,to understand how recent trends and economicconditions affect development opportunities. Thisinformation was utilized in economic models thatevaluate overall development potentials for usesin the 10 community asset areas as well as othersites under Tribal control.Appendices123

what we learned: clinton100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%Nature & Open SpaceTrail ServicesJobsRural LivingFarming & RanchingCulture & HeritageOil & Gas ResourcesTourism/GamingAll of the AboveLoss of Tribal CultureLack of Employment OpportunitiesHousingLevel of Educational OpportunitiesLack of AmenitiesSocial ServicesCrimeSubstance/Alcohol AbuseSolid Waste DisposalHealth Related IssuesPreservation of existing natural resourcesExpansion of the buffalo herdContinuation of cultural eventsPromotion of agricultural usesCreation of nodes of cultural influenceInclusion of cultural museumsLanguageSongFeatherworkTipi MakingClustered single unit residencesSingle unit residencesLarge lot residentialTown homesApartmentsMixed UseRetail areasPersonal ServicesParksTrailsHealth and Recreation CenterCultural CentersSchoolsGovernment ServicesWhichattribute doyou like mostabout yourcommunity?What is yourcommunity’sgreatest assets?What do you feel is yourcommunity’s biggestchallenge?What is the besttechnique to maintainculture and heritage?Where wouldyou like tolive?What amenity ismost needed inyour community?124Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

19%At each, people feel that the most needed amenities in Clinton includepersonal services, health and recreational centers, and cultural centers.100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%Community CenterRecreation CenterChurchTrailsPlaygrounds/ParksAthletic FieldsRestaurantsCasinosHighway oriented developmentDowntown neighborhood retail areasGrocery StoresTourist related developmentOffice and IndustrialMixed use areasLarge research/employment centersEnergy sector developmentBuild more casinosCreate a Cheyenne-Arapaho Museum andCultural CenterCreate new highway-oriented businessExpand the Buffalo herd, creating a tourist drawand source for meat and related productsDevelop alternative energy production, i.e. windand solar farmsIncorporate manufacturing and industrialbusinessesLease hunting and fishing areasConcentration of tourist-related industriesshowcasing Tribal culturePromotion of organic farmingConvenience AreasSmall GroceryLarge Retail AreasOffice BuildingCommercial TourismFactory/IndustrialMulti-use trailsNew roads and road expansionTransitTraffic calming and safety improvementsAdditional connections to existing and futureneighborhoodsSingle Unit ResidentialMulti –Unit ResidentialRetail CommercialOffice CommercialIndustrial/ Manufacturing CommercialResort/ Parks/ Tourism IndustryTribal Governmental CenterCultural/ Heritage CenterEducational CenterJail/ Detention Center0%Where wouldyou like torecreate?What are the greatesteconomic needs?What economic strategy bestfits your community’s needs?Wherewouldyoulike toshop?Wherewouldyoulike towork?Whattransportationenhancementwould you likemost?What type ofdevelopment is mostneeded within yourDistrict?Appendices125

what we learned: seiling100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%Nature & Open SpaceTrail ServicesJobsRural LivingFarming & RanchingCulture & HeritageOil & Gas ResourcesTourism/GamingAll of the AboveLoss of Tribal CultureLack of Employment OpportunitiesHousingLevel of Educational OpportunitiesLack of AmenitiesSocial ServicesCrimeSubstance/Alcohol AbuseSolid Waste DisposalHealth Related IssuesPreservation of existing natural resourcesExpansion of the buffalo herdContinuation of cultural eventsPromotion of agricultural usesCreation of nodes of cultural influenceInclusion of cultural museumsLanguageSongFeatherworkTipi MakingClustered single unit residencesSingle unit residencesLarge lot residentialTown homesApartmentsMixed UseRetail areasPersonal ServicesParksTrailsHealth and Recreation CenterCultural CentersSchoolsGovernment ServicesWhichattribute doyou like mostabout yourcommunity?What is yourcommunity’sgreatest assets?What do you feel is yourcommunity’s biggestchallenge?What is the besttechnique to maintainculture and heritage?Where wouldyou like tolive?What amenity ismost needed inyour community?126Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

69%of citizens polled in Seiling would prefer factory / industrial jobs overworking in an office building or in commercial tourism.100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%Community CenterRecreation CenterChurchTrailsPlaygrounds/ParksAthletic FieldsRestaurantsCasinosHighway oriented developmentDowntown neighborhood retail areasGrocery StoresTourist related developmentOffice and IndustrialMixed use areasLarge research/employment centersEnergy sector developmentBuild more casinosCreate a Cheyenne-Arapaho Museum andCultural CenterCreate new highway-oriented businessExpand the Buffalo herd, creating a tourist drawand source for meat and related productsDevelop alternative energy production, i.e. windand solar farmsIncorporate manufacturing and industrialbusinessesLease hunting and fishing areasConcentration of tourist-related industriesshowcasing Tribal culturePromotion of organic farmingConvenience AreasSmall GroceryLarge Retail AreasOffice BuildingCommercial TourismFactory/IndustrialMulti-use trailsNew roads and road expansionTransitTraffic calming and safety improvementsAdditional connections to existing and futureneighborhoodsSingle Unit ResidentialMulti –Unit ResidentialRetail CommercialOffice CommercialIndustrial/ Manufacturing CommercialResort/ Parks/ Tourism IndustryTribal Governmental CenterCultural/ Heritage CenterEducational CenterJail/ Detention Center0%Where wouldyou like torecreate?What are the greatesteconomic needs?What economic strategy bestfits your community’s needs?Wherewouldyoulike toshop?Wherewouldyoulike towork?Whattransportationenhancementwould you likemost?What type ofdevelopment is mostneeded within yourDistrict?Appendices127

what we learned:kingfisher100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%Nature & Open SpaceTrail ServicesJobsRural LivingFarming & RanchingCulture & HeritageOil & Gas ResourcesTourism/GamingAll of the AboveLoss of Tribal CultureLack of Employment OpportunitiesHousingLevel of Educational OpportunitiesLack of AmenitiesSocial ServicesCrimeSubstance/Alcohol AbuseSolid Waste DisposalHealth Related IssuesPreservation of existing natural resourcesExpansion of the buffalo herdContinuation of cultural eventsPromotion of agricultural usesCreation of nodes of cultural influenceInclusion of cultural museumsLanguageSongFeatherworkTipi MakingClustered single unit residencesSingle unit residencesLarge lot residentialTown homesApartmentsMixed UseRetail areasPersonal ServicesParksTrailsHealth and Recreation CenterCultural CentersSchoolsGovernment ServicesWhichattribute doyou like mostabout yourcommunity?What is yourcommunity’sgreatest assets?What do you feel is yourcommunity’s biggestchallenge?What is the besttechnique to maintainculture and heritage?Where wouldyou like tolive?What amenity ismost needed inyour community?128Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

80%of Kingfisher pollsters felt that a recreation center would be thebest place for them to recreate.100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%Community CenterRecreation CenterChurchTrailsPlaygrounds/ParksAthletic FieldsRestaurantsCasinosHighway oriented developmentDowntown neighborhood retail areasGrocery StoresTourist related developmentOffice and IndustrialMixed use areasLarge research/employment centersEnergy sector developmentBuild more casinosCreate a Cheyenne-Arapaho Museum andCultural CenterCreate new highway-oriented businessExpand the Buffalo herd, creating a tourist drawand source for meat and related productsDevelop alternative energy production, i.e. windand solar farmsIncorporate manufacturing and industrialbusinessesLease hunting and fishing areasConcentration of tourist-related industriesshowcasing Tribal culturePromotion of organic farmingConvenience AreasSmall GroceryLarge Retail AreasOffice BuildingCommercial TourismFactory/IndustrialMulti-use trailsNew roads and road expansionTransitTraffic calming and safety improvementsAdditional connections to existing and futureneighborhoodsSingle Unit ResidentialMulti –Unit ResidentialRetail CommercialOffice CommercialIndustrial/ Manufacturing CommercialResort/ Parks/ Tourism IndustryTribal Governmental CenterCultural/ Heritage CenterEducational CenterJail/ Detention Center0%Where wouldyou like torecreate?What are the greatesteconomic needs?What economic strategy bestfits your community’s needs?Wherewouldyoulike toshop?Wherewouldyoulike towork?Whattransportationenhancementwould you likemost?What type ofdevelopment is mostneeded within yourDistrict?Appendices129

what we learned:watonga100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%Nature & Open SpaceTrail ServicesJobsRural LivingFarming & RanchingCulture & HeritageOil & Gas ResourcesTourism/GamingAll of the AboveLoss of Tribal CultureLack of Employment OpportunitiesHousingLevel of Educational OpportunitiesLack of AmenitiesSocial ServicesCrimeSubstance/Alcohol AbuseSolid Waste DisposalHealth Related IssuesPreservation of existing natural resourcesExpansion of the buffalo herdContinuation of cultural eventsPromotion of agricultural usesCreation of nodes of cultural influenceInclusion of cultural museumsLanguageSongFeatherworkTipi MakingClustered single unit residencesSingle unit residencesLarge lot residentialTown homesApartmentsMixed UseRetail areasPersonal ServicesParksTrailsHealth and Recreation CenterCultural CentersSchoolsGovernment ServicesWhichattribute doyou like mostabout yourcommunity?What is yourcommunity’sgreatest assets?What do you feel is yourcommunity’s biggestchallenge?What is the besttechnique to maintainculture and heritage?Where wouldyou like tolive?What amenity ismost needed inyour community?130Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

56%56% of citizens polled in Watonga feel that their community’sgreatest economic need is large-scale research / employment centers.100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%Community CenterRecreation CenterChurchTrailsPlaygrounds/ParksAthletic FieldsRestaurantsCasinosHighway oriented developmentDowntown neighborhood retail areasGrocery StoresTourist related developmentOffice and IndustrialMixed use areasLarge research/employment centersEnergy sector developmentBuild more casinosCreate a Cheyenne-Arapaho Museum andCultural CenterCreate new highway-oriented businessExpand the Buffalo herd, creating a tourist drawand source for meat and related productsDevelop alternative energy production, i.e. windand solar farmsIncorporate manufacturing and industrialbusinessesLease hunting and fishing areasConcentration of tourist-related industriesshowcasing Tribal culturePromotion of organic farmingConvenience AreasSmall GroceryLarge Retail AreasOffice BuildingCommercial TourismFactory/IndustrialMulti-use trailsNew roads and road expansionTransitTraffic calming and safety improvementsAdditional connections to existing and futureneighborhoodsSingle Unit ResidentialMulti –Unit ResidentialRetail CommercialOffice CommercialIndustrial/ Manufacturing CommercialResort/ Parks/ Tourism IndustryTribal Governmental CenterCultural/ Heritage CenterEducational CenterJail/ Detention Center0%Where wouldyou like torecreate?What are the greatesteconomic needs?What economic strategy bestfits your community’s needs?Wherewouldyoulike toshop?Wherewouldyoulike towork?Whattransportationenhancementwould you likemost?What type ofdevelopment is mostneeded within yourDistrict?Appendices131

what we learned: el reno100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%Nature & Open SpaceTrail ServicesJobsRural LivingFarming & RanchingCulture & HeritageOil & Gas ResourcesTourism/GamingAll of the AboveLoss of Tribal CultureLack of Employment OpportunitiesHousingLevel of Educational OpportunitiesLack of AmenitiesSocial ServicesCrimeSubstance/Alcohol AbuseSolid Waste DisposalHealth Related IssuesPreservation of existing natural resourcesExpansion of the buffalo herdContinuation of cultural eventsPromotion of agricultural usesCreation of nodes of cultural influenceInclusion of cultural museumsLanguageSongFeatherworkTipi MakingClustered single unit residencesSingle unit residencesLarge lot residentialTown homesApartmentsMixed UseRetail areasPersonal ServicesParksTrailsHealth and Recreation CenterCultural CentersSchoolsGovernment ServicesWhichattribute doyou like mostabout yourcommunity?What is yourcommunity’sgreatest assets?What do you feel is yourcommunity’s biggestchallenge?What is the besttechnique to maintainculture and heritage?Where wouldyou like tolive?What amenity ismost needed inyour community?132Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

47%of those polled in El Reno feel that a cultural / heritage center is apriority development in their community.100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%Community CenterRecreation CenterChurchTrailsPlaygrounds/ParksAthletic FieldsRestaurantsCasinosHighway oriented developmentDowntown neighborhood retail areasGrocery StoresTourist related developmentOffice and IndustrialMixed use areasLarge research/employment centersEnergy sector developmentBuild more casinosCreate a Cheyenne-Arapaho Museum andCultural CenterCreate new highway-oriented businessExpand the Buffalo herd, creating a tourist drawand source for meat and related productsDevelop alternative energy production, i.e. windand solar farmsIncorporate manufacturing and industrialbusinessesLease hunting and fishing areasConcentration of tourist-related industriesshowcasing Tribal culturePromotion of organic farmingConvenience AreasSmall GroceryLarge Retail AreasOffice BuildingCommercial TourismFactory/IndustrialMulti-use trailsNew roads and road expansionTransitTraffic calming and safety improvementsAdditional connections to existing and futureneighborhoodsSingle Unit ResidentialMulti –Unit ResidentialRetail CommercialOffice CommercialIndustrial/ Manufacturing CommercialResort/ Parks/ Tourism IndustryTribal Governmental CenterCultural/ Heritage CenterEducational CenterJail/ Detention Center0%Where wouldyou like torecreate?What are the greatesteconomic needs?What economic strategy bestfits your community’s needs?Wherewouldyoulike toshop?Wherewouldyoulike towork?Whattransportationenhancementwould you likemost?What type ofdevelopment is mostneeded within yourDistrict?Appendices133

what we learned:hammon100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%Nature & Open SpaceTrail ServicesJobsRural LivingFarming & RanchingCulture & HeritageOil & Gas ResourcesTourism/GamingAll of the AboveLoss of Tribal CultureLack of Employment OpportunitiesHousingLevel of Educational OpportunitiesLack of AmenitiesSocial ServicesCrimeSubstance/Alcohol AbuseSolid Waste DisposalHealth Related IssuesPreservation of existing natural resourcesExpansion of the buffalo herdContinuation of cultural eventsPromotion of agricultural usesCreation of nodes of cultural influenceInclusion of cultural museumsLanguageSongFeatherworkTipi MakingClustered single unit residencesSingle unit residencesLarge lot residentialTown homesApartmentsMixed UseRetail areasPersonal ServicesParksTrailsHealth and Recreation CenterCultural CentersSchoolsGovernment ServicesWhichattribute doyou like mostabout yourcommunity?What is yourcommunity’sgreatest assets?What do you feel is yourcommunity’s biggestchallenge?What is the besttechnique to maintainculture and heritage?Where wouldyou like tolive?What amenity ismost needed inyour community?134Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes Comprehensive Plan

91%of those polled in Hammon would prefer to live inlarge lot residential developments.100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%Community CenterRecreation CenterChurchTrailsPlaygrounds/ParksAthletic FieldsRestaurantsCasinosHighway oriented developmentDowntown neighborhood retail areasGrocery StoresTourist related developmentOffice and IndustrialMixed use areasLarge research/employment centersEnergy sector developmentBuild more casinosCreate a Cheyenne-Arapaho Museum andCultural CenterCreate new highway-oriented businessExpand the Buffalo herd, creating a tourist drawand source for meat and related productsDevelop alternative energy production, i.e. windand solar farmsIncorporate manufacturing and industrialbusinessesLease hunting and fishing areasConcentration of tourist-related industriesshowcasing Tribal culturePromotion of organic farmingConvenience AreasSmall GroceryLarge Retail AreasOffice BuildingCommercial TourismFactory/IndustrialMulti-use trailsNew roads and road expansionTransitTraffic calming and safety improvementsAdditional connections to existing and futureneighborhoodsSingle Unit ResidentialMulti –Unit ResidentialRetail CommercialOffice CommercialIndustrial/ Manufacturing CommercialResort/ Parks/ Tourism IndustryTribal Governmental CenterCultural/ Heritage CenterEducational CenterJail/ Detention Center0%Where wouldyou like torecreate?What are the greatesteconomic needs?What economic strategy bestfits your community’s needs?Wherewouldyoulike toshop?Wherewouldyoulike towork?Whattransportationenhancementwould you likemost?What type ofdevelopment is mostneeded within yourDistrict?Appendices135