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Part B Digital Success in English Short ArticleWritten in accordance with the new syllabus prescribed by the National Curriculum and Textbook Boardfor the students of HSC levelDigital Success in EnglishCommunicative Approach to Learning EnglishEnglish Second Paper(For classes 11-12)Written and Edited by:Mohammad Sarbin MunshiBA (Hons), MA (English Literature), DUMBA (Management Information Systems), DUBoard Stand (Second position in Dhaka Board)Scholarship and Talent Award WinnerAbdul Jabbar Smritee Award WinnerIslamic Foundation Award WinnerSpecial Training on ELTIP at TT College, DhakaSpecial Training on Communicative English Language Teaching at NAEM, DhakaExaminer: Dhaka Board; Subject Specialist: NCTBLecturer in EnglishBir Shreshtha Noor Mohammad Public College, DhakaFormerly: Lecturer in English, Al-Hera College, Shamoli, DhakaCo-ordinated, Supervised and Published by:Saiful Islam NirjhorBA (Hons), MA (English Literature), DUBoard Stand (Dhaka)Pioneer Digital PublicationsNilkhet, Babupura, Dhaka-1205Mobile: 01914743921, 01674924041m‡e©v”P LyPiv weµqg~j¨ (M.R.P) = 260.00 (`yBkZ lvU) UvKv gvÎ

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Part B Digital Success in English Short ArticleeB msMÖn Ki‡Z †hvMv‡hvM Kiæb:Publisher / Writer:Pioneer Digital PublicationsMobile: 01914743921, 01674924041, 01714453667Copyright:All rights reserved by the author. No part of this book should be reproduced, stored in aretrieval system or transmitted in any means without the prior permission of the author.Print & Edition:First Print: July 2009First Edition: December 2009Second Edition: July 2010Third Edition: July 2011Available at:Nilkhet, BabupuraFarmgate and other important places.N.B. Contact the publisher / writer for meeting your local demand. To get your copy,order at least one week before.eBwU µ‡qi mgq mgvavb KwcwU ey‡S wbb|

Part B Digital Success in English Short ArticleComposition WritingQuestion No. 10; Marks 15Childhood MemoriesIntroduction: We are fond of turning back from the present to the past again and again. The present maybe good and enchanting but the past is golden. Nothing is more pleasant to us than the memories of ourchildhood. The memories of my childhood always haunt me like a passion. Whenever I am in a passivemood, I recollect the sweet memories of my childhood and find a lot of pleasure.Adoration and Affection: All the members of our family and other relatives used to adore me very much.Most often I annoyed them but they never became angry with me. I was the youngest son of my parents.So, my brothers and sisters were busy with me. One competed with others to love me more. My parentsdid not keep any of my desires unfulfilled. I cannot forget those sweet memories and they have become agreat treasure for me.My Playground and the Arial Kha: My playground was the bank of the mighty Arial Kha. All the yearround this river had a great attraction for me. Whenever I was not at home, I could be found on its sweetalluring bank. At times I used to row on the river, jump into it and swim in it with my playmates. One daywhile we were playing on its bank, abruptly the whole sky became very clouded and a strong wind beganto blow. In the storm I with one of my friends took shelter under a tree. The storm made my heart dancewith the surging waves of the river. The river swelled up and dashed violently against its sandy banks andI gazed and gazed at it with great fear. I shall never forget the scene in my life.Stealing of Fruits and Hunting: I was very fond of stealing mangoes, litchis, blackberries, coconuts,papaws and other fruits in the company of my friends. Sometimes we would forget to eat our meals. Insome afternoons, I would walk from one grove to another in search of birds. There was a bush near ourhouse. Hundreds of birds made their nests in that bush. Very often I went there with my playmates tocatch birds. Some of our adventurous companions could catch birds from the holes of the tree and fromthe nests. I had a catapult with me and I used to shoot some birds with it. Sometimes we would cook andeat them with great pleasure like mini-picnic. To recall those days of hunting, I cannot but quote few linesfrom the poem “The Earth in My Palm” of Hasan Hafizur Rahman,“There was a timeWhen I used to go to a bird to know it, andMy voice sang its song.”[ Translated by- Mohammad Ali ]The Village Maktab: The village maktab was another interesting place. An aged Maulovi Shaheb used toteach us there. It was housed in a small hut attached to the village mosque. A large number of boys andgirls used to attend. We would learn lessons with deafening noise, but our old teacher did never threatenus. He was, in fact, too old to do so. But one day he beat one of my classmates very severely for teasing agirl. Even today I can envisage that picture in my mind.My First Day at School: The next worth mentioning experience was my first day at school. When Ientered our village primary school with father, I saw that the children were enjoying themselves playingdifferent games. At first my mind was troubled with fear that I might not be quite free and easy in theirmidst. My pulse began to beat fast when I was taken to the Headmaster but his friendly and smiling face

Part B Digital Success in English Short Articleand sweet words put me at ease. I was admitted into class one. The warmth with which my classmatesreceived me dispelled my entire phobia.The Market Day: Another interesting memory was the market day. Our village hat used to sit twice aweek near a river. In my childhood, I used to go there on the market day with my friends. I took moneyfrom my mother and bought chocolate and sometimes sweets with that. I can hardly remember any daywhen I did not buy anything from the market. I would also buy some marbles from there. It was a greatcharm for me because I used to spare my leisure playing marbles with my playmates. I would return fromthe market before dusk to avoid parents‟ rebuke.Brother’s Marriage Day: My elder brother got married when I was nine years old. Many relatives cameto our house on that occasion. I went to my brother‟s father-in-law‟s house as one of the members of thebridal party. I met my new sister-in-law on that day and she gave me a beautiful gift. Brothers and sistersof my sister-in-law made funs with me. Then I could hardly understand their fun. Now I get pleasurerecollecting their joke and fun and also my foolishness.Activities during Holidays: During holidays when my mother used to go to sleep at noon, I would go tothe open field to see the beauty of nature. Sometimes I would go with other children to swim in the pond.On some holidays I with my playmates would arrange a picnic. Everybody of us would share giving rice,oil, dal, green-paper and others to cook hodgepodge. We would cook it ourselves and eat with fullsatisfaction and thus we could enjoy a lot.Conclusion: We want to escape from the reality of life. Our childhood takes us away to a world where wecan dream sweet dreams because childhood is free from the worries and anxieties of our rigid practicallife. It is a source of pleasure to us since nothing is more pleasant than the childhood memories. I recallthose memories in my leisure time to get relief from the sufferings of daily life and to loiter in theatmosphere of a carefree happy life. Here two lines can be uttered from Hasan Hafizur Rahman‟s poem“The Retreat”“Let‟s rather go backTo our old camaraderie.”[ Translated by- Mohammad Ali ]Compulsory Primary EducationIntroduction: Bangladesh is a developing country. It is regarded as the least developed country of theworld. The main cause of this condition is our illiteracy. Most of our people are illiterate and ignorant.They cannot keep any sign in the national development. If we do not give them light of education, ourcountry will never make progress and development. The modern world of science and commerce demandsthat every citizen should be able to adjust with everything around us. Primary education is the preliminaryand minimum training that can make citizens competent for this.What Is Primary Education: Primary education is the education that a child receives in a primaryschool. Compulsory primary education means that the children between the age of six and ten mustcomplete the primary education. It is the base and foundation level of education that is why it has beenmade compulsory for all tender-aged children. The aim of the compulsory primary education is to ensureeducation to all -----rich and poor, high or low.Necessity of Compulsory Primary Education: Education is the backbone of a nation. A nation cannotmake progress if a large section of people remains illiterate. Illiteracy is a curse. Primary education canremove this curse. Compulsory primary education is necessary to educate the people who are quite

Part B Digital Success in English Short Articleignorant. If we want to impart education to all and sundry, we should make primary education compulsorythroughout the country. It also should be made free. Children of the age of 5 or above must go to schoolsand receive primary education there. If our children are not given education in their childhood, the nationcan never make advancement in the fields of development.Real Feature of Our Primary Schools: To remove illiteracy we have to increase the facility of primaryeducation. But we have not adequate primary schools in our country. Though every year 1.8 millionchildren are increasing who are competent to go to primary schools, they do not get that opportunity. Sowe should increase the number of primary school every year. But this increase is not always done. Thefeature given below shows the actual reality:Year Number of Primary School Students per Teacher19951996199719987809478595776856623554545770[ Source: Statistical Pocketbook Bangladesh 1999 Page-339 ]Our Problems: Our problems are many. The main problem lies in the fact that we have inadequatenumber of primary school all over the country. All children do not go to school. Their parents do not sendthem to school. They send them to different fields for earning their livelihood. A large number of studentsleave school after they have completed class two or three. As a result, they forget how to read and writeafter a few years. Most of our people are very poor and that is why they are unable to bear the educationalexpenses of their children. It is also an obstacle of education.Causes of Illiteracy and Poverty: There are many causes of illiteracy and poverty in our country. Inancient periods there was no education among the people. Then we were ruled by foreigners. So people donot have the chance to develop themselves. But the main cause of illiteracy is the extreme poverty of thepeople. On the contrary, illiteracy is the cause of poverty. Due to this poverty they cannot manage foodand shelters for their offspring, let alone books and tuition fees for their education. They rather want theirchildren to do something to enhance their income. Moreover, many do not even try to understand theimportance and necessity of education.Bad Effects of Illiteracy & Literacy Rate: As our people are illiterate, they do not know how to prospereconomically. Most of our people are farmers. They produce crops, which constitute our nationaleconomy. But they are so ignorant that they do not know the scientific methods of cultivation. They alsodo not know the rules of health and sanitation. They do not feel the importance of family planning. Theydo send their children toLiteracy Rate (%) -- 1997schools. That is why ourliteracy rate is 10032.4% only.The rate of 82enrolledprimary students 50of age group 6-45.1 47.35110 years is 82%. But the literacyrate of populationof age 5 years0and above (5+) is45.1%, 7 yearsand above (7+) is Age 5+ Age 7+ Age 15+Age (6-10)47.3% and 15years and above (15+) is 51.0%.They are shown below:[ Source: Statistical Pocketbook Bangladesh 1999 Page-348 ]Steps for Primary Education: Illiteracy has become a dreadful problem in our life. To remove thisproblem, all children above five years old should be sent to school. Free books and educational materials

Part B Digital Success in English Short Articleshould be supplied to the children of the poor families. Teachers should be generous and sympathetic tothe infants. The illiterate guardians should be taught the value and necessity of education. Poor andmeritorious students should be offered more scholarships and prizes for excellent result to encourage themfor better education.Measures Taken by Govt: The Government of Bangladesh has announced a programme for compulsoryprimary education. In this connection „Food for Education‟ has been launched. Each child is getting 15 kgof wheat if it comes to school. As a result, poor parents are sending their children to schools. This is reallyan effective and praiseworthy measure.Conclusion: The future of our country depends on education. Many undeveloped countries have maderapid progress in this respect. The authorities should pay special attention to introduce compulsoryprimary education for all of the countrymen. We should help them to materialise this plan. To emphasiseeducation Napoleon Bonaparte said, “Give me a good mother, I will give you a good nation.” So, ournational success depends on primary education. If we make an effort, the scheme for compulsory primaryeducation will surely succeed.Liberation War of BangladeshIntroduction: Freedom is the eternal desire of all human beings. None wishes to live in chain. The spiritof revolution emerges from this desire. And this very spirit inspires man to achieve his freedom. Thefreedom of a country refers to the independence of a group of people living within that country. However,Bangladesh emerged as a free state only thirty-two years ago. Before it came into being as a free country,it was a wing of Pakistan called East Pakistan. After nine-month fierce fighting, we achieved our longdesiredfreedom on 16 December 1971. So, our liberation war is a memorable event in our national life.A Glorious Achievement: As an independent state, Bangladesh is a great glorious achievement for us. Itis a story or rather a history of a glorious achievement. The Bangladeshis had to fight seriously and had todedicate their own lives for the sake of gaining this freedom. Nine months‟ life and death struggle forliberation is popularly known as our liberation war.Its History: Once Bangladesh lost her freedom in 1757 in the battle of Plassey. After passing 200 years,the people of Indo-Pak subcontinent became free in 1947 from the British reign. This subcontinent wasthen divided into two parts ------- India and Pakistan. Pakistan became independent on 14 August andIndia on 15 August. However, our country, then East Pakistan, was under the government of Pakistan.Though the mother tongue of East Pakistan was Bengali, the rulers of West Pakistan wanted to establishUrdu as the state language. The Bangalees could not tolerate it. As a result, in 1952 the LanguageMovement took place which is regarded as our first liberation war. Again, the Bangalees protested MartialLaw promulgated by Ayub Khan in 1958 and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the greatest leader of Bangladesh,raised his six points against it. Afterwards, came the election of 1970.Causes of Liberation War: The main cause for which our nation went to war with Pakistan was therefusal of the Pakistani rulers to acknowledge the electoral triumph of the Awami League on December,1970. However, very soon it became obvious to us that there was an intrigue between the generals whothen ruled Pakistan and politicians who were unwilling to see power pass into the hands of the Bengalileadership. Due to the denial of the results of election, the war broke out. On March 25, 1971 the Pakistanimilitary started genocide which led us to declare our liberation war on 26 March 1971.

Part B Digital Success in English Short ArticleHoisting Flag: Meanwhile, the flag of free Bangladesh was hoisted everywhere in Bangladesh in responseto the call of a war against the Pakistani regime. This flag was the testimony of our national identity.Declaration of War: 26 March is our Independence Day. Bangabandhu Sheik Mujibur Rahman declaredthe independence of Bangladesh on 26th March 1971, just before his arrest by the Pakistani army. OnMarch 27, 1971 Major Ziaur Rahman announced the independence of Bangladesh on behalf of SheikhMujib from Kalurghat Radio Station in Chittagong.Formation of Temporary Government: Between late March and mid April, the Bengali politiciansmoved to consolidate the struggle. It was the process which reached its climax through the formation ofProvisional Government of the Peoples‟ Republic of Bangladesh on April 17, 1971. Its headquarters wasat a place called Mujibnagar at Meherpur. The Mukti Bahini and the Indian Forces jointly began fightingagainst the Pak Army under the guidance of the temporary government.The Wartime Government of Bangladesh: Syed Nazrul Islam was empowered to function as an actingPresident. Tajuddin Ahmed took over charge as a Prime Minister. Colonel Ataul Gani Osmani wasappointed Commander-in-Chief of the Liberation Forces known as the Mukti Bahini. Then the war wasintensified and the country was divided into eleven sectors. A professional dedicated soldier was postedin charge of each of these sectors.The Result of Liberation War: The result of liberation war has been written in golden letters in thehistory of Bangladesh. By late November, it was evident that Bangladesh was going to be emerged soonas a free country. On December 16, 1971 Pakistani General AK Neazi surrendered at Dhaka Racecourse tothe allied forces of Mukti Bahini and the Indian Army. And this surrender marked the end of war. Thus onDecember 16, 1971 Bangladesh came into being as an independent nation.Conclusion: Bangladesh achieved her independence at the cost of 30 lakhs people‟s lives. We must notforget the demands that this freedom devolved on us. All of us should bear in mind that it is not only thegovernment that should be free, but the people themselves must be free. No freedom has any real value forcommon people unless it also means freedom from want, disease and ignorance. Let all of us endeavourour best to enjoy the real fruit of our freedom by working for our land with our hands heart and soul.Child Labour in BangladeshIntroduction: Children are the future hope and aspiration. They should be brought up in a balanced way.They must not be engaged in labour. It is deadly against the interest of human rights. Child labour isharmful to our enormous development. If child labour is allowed, the whole nation will one day suffer.Moreover, child labour is opposed to universal humanity. Regarding child labour ILO says-“Child labour is disallowed to preserve prestigious humanity.”Sad feature of child labour: The feature of child labour in our country is really very sad. Wherever it ispractised, it needs to be stopped. The obvious way to stop child labour is to induce children to education.At the same time we have to make our people conscious about the bad effects of child labour. However,the position of child labour in Bangladesh demands our attention. The whole nation will be in a dangerouscondition in the long run, if child labour is not stopped immediately.Causes of child labour: There are certain reasons behind the employment of child labour in Bangladesh.For extreme poverty and need of survival force, children have to take up employment. Parents and

Part B Digital Success in English Short Articleguardians cannot feed and clothe them or provide them shelter unless children also supplement the familyincome with their labour. This is a matter of regret and disgrace that children are forced to undertake dullmanual labour at the tender age instead of going to schools.Comparative child labour: In the developed countries child labour is strongly prohibited. In everyadvanced country children take nutritious food, wear neat and clean clothes, go to school and play in theplayground merrily. How different is the scene present in Bangladesh from that of a developed country!We ought to remind that the future of the country depends on children and on the way they grow up. It isvery pathetic when we draw a comparative picture of children‟s condition of the third world countries andthe developed countries. With the development of our country, child labour is not decreasing much.Child Labour in BangladeshCharacteristics LFS 1989 LFS 1990-91 LFS 1995-96Child Labour (5-14 Years; Million) 6.1 5.8 6.5Percent of Total Civil Labour Force 12.2 11.3 11.6[Source: Labour Force Survey, 1989, 1990-91 and 1995-96, BBS]Child labour as a curse: As a matter of fact, child labour is the curse of industrial society. Employersturn to tender-aged children as a child worker is rather easily available and is comparatively cheap. So,children are recruited as apprentices and helping hands and are always under-paid or ill paid, in theabsence of specific laws. Hard labour and unfavourable working conditions soon demolish their health andturn them underlings physically, mentally and morally. So, child labour should be regarded as a curse.National policy about child labour: The situation in the field of child labour has attracted internationalattention. In our country, a new dimension has been created under the ministry of social services. It isworking in collaboration with the UNESCO and the UNICEF. The adoption of the children act 1974shows the involvement of other ministries in the field of labour. By way of example we may mention theposition in our garments industries. In addition to UN agencies, countries having trade relations withBangladesh have gone for a legal process.Provision to resist child labour: People all over the world are giving serious thoughts and considerationsto safeguard the rights of the children. The children of today will be the citizens of tomorrow. With a viewto seeing them flowing to manhood as useful members of the society, provisions must be made.Child labour and national aspiration: Child labour is apparently helpful to the industrial society. But inthe real sense of the term, it is opposed to national development because in this process children cannot beideal citizens. So, to curtain future destruction and downfall of the nation, child labour must be stoppedsoon.Child labour and demoralisation: Child labour demoralises the basic character of the growing upchildren. It is neither admitted nor acceptable. If child labour is allowed, our children will be derailed anddemoralised that will create a chaotic condition in the country. That is why, for our individual and nationalinterest we should stop going astray of our children.Conclusion: Child labour is not only inhuman but also destructive. Bangladesh must be prompt in makingvoid child labour by taking effective and pragmatic steps so that today‟s children can be ideal citizens forfuture. Children are the future hopes and aspirations of a country. So, we should give them properfacilities to grow up well stopping their unexpected and outrageous labour. Feeling importance of soundchildren, the poet utters -----“The father lies in the mind of every baby”

Part B Digital Success in English Short ArticleDengue FeverIntroduction: Dengue fever has become the „talk of the country‟ of Bangladesh at present. It has spreadthroughout whole Bangladesh in an epidemic form. So, it is not an uncommon disease in our country. It isstill regarded as a rival disease like influenza or other viral ones and absolutely self-limiting disease.Symptoms of dengue fever: Dengue fever is a virus fever. No other fever is so dangerous as denguefever. But all types of fever are not dengue fever. There are some specific symptoms of dengue fever. If aman is attacked with dengue fever, he feels severe pain in the whole body, dizzy, headache, anorexia,nausea, malaise, red spots at different parts of the body and unnatural stoles are found. If these symptomsare found, immediately we must consult with a doctor and take medicine as per his advice.Classification of dengue fever: There are four different antigenic varieties of dengue viruses and all aretransmitted by the daytime biting adies aegypty mosquito. They are DEN-1, 2, 3 & 4 serotypes. Fromthese viruses, two classical forms of dengue are recognised. One of them is classical dengue fever and theother is dengue haemorrhagic fever. Classical dengue fever is characterised by the abrupt onset of fever,malaise, headache, facial flushing and troubles pain. This pain is worse on eye movements, conjunctivalsuffusion and some backache that is a prominent symptom. Lymphadenopathy, petichae on the soft palateand skin rashes may also occur. The rash is transient and morbid form. Dengue haemorrhagic fever is asevere form of dengue fever. It is believed to be the result of two or more sequential infections withdifferent dengue serotypes. It is a disease of children and has been found in South Asia.How dengue fever attacks: Adies, a kind of mosquito, is not responsible for this disease if it does notcarry the virus of dengue. Adies and the monkey carry this virus. If adies mosquito bites a healthy man,virus may get into his body or blood. Virus begins to increase in his blood. But for the first few days onecannot understand it. Finally, he is attacked with dengue fever.Where adies propagates: This kind of mosquito is found in Africa. It lays its eggs on standing orstagnant water in the holes of trees after the rain has stopped. This germ spreads all over the world throughthe sea vessels from Africa. Adies also lays its eggs on standing water in the abandoned plastic bottles,plastic cans, tin-pots, tyres, green coconut plates, polythene bags etc.Treatment for dengue fever: Most of the dengue fevers are cured within few days and many of them arenot so serious. Treatment should be rendered according to the symptoms of dengue fever. Classicaldengue fever is recovered by seven days. The patient of classical dengue fever should drink adequatewater, take complete rest, drink a lot of liquid food, wash whole body with wet-cloth and finally shouldtake the tablets of paracitamol group to decrease the fever. Dengue haemorrhagic fever is more seriousand sometimes the patient may die. If the symptoms of dengue haemorrhagic fever of a patient are found,we should take him to the hospital and consult with a doctor immediately. We have to wash the patient'sbody again and again with a wet-cloth to mitigate fever. At the extreme case, it may be bleeding. Thepatient may be given paracitamol but never should be given aspirin group.Steps to guard dengue fever: As there is no vaccine for dengue fever, we have to eradicate the livingplaces of adies mosquitoes and protect them to propagate again. All types of wet vessels, ventilators,windows, tyres of cars, moist gardens, branches of trees where water can be stagnant, drains and holes andany damp place should be cleaned. We have to remember that everywhere should be neat and clean toprotect adies mosquitoes and dengue fever.Conclusion: If we want to protect dengue fever, we have to destroy adies mosquitoes at first. What weshould do to get rid of this dengue fever is to protect mosquito bite. All of us should be conscious aboutthe eradication of adies mosquitoes and should take necessary steps for that. Besides, government shouldhighlight it through different media and should take essential measures to protect dengue fever.

Part B Digital Success in English Short ArticleComputer and Its UsesIntroduction: Scientific inventions are performing miracles nowadays. It is making impossible possibleand has been adding greatly to the progress of civilisation. Scientific inventions are very startling and theyadd to our knowledge and bring comfort to human life. It is the source of power in the world politics.Scientists make innumerable inventions and the politicians and general people use them for their ownadvantages. However, of the most wonderful inventions, computer is one of the praiseworthy ones.Modern Civilisation and Computer: In the twenty-first century science has raised human civilisation upto the highest peak. Machine has brought for mankind such comforts, as a man can never dream of even ina fairyland. This machine has enabled mankind to cross thousands of miles within an hour. A man ofmodern time without a computer is not a perfect man at all because he is totally depended upon machineslike computer. Computer has grasped every side of activities of the modern universe and that is whypresent world is called computer world.What Is Computer: The word „computer‟ derives from the Greek word „compute‟ which means count.So, computer means counting or computing machine. Once computer was used to calculate only. But nowit is used not only to calculate but also to do innumerable tasks within a nanosecond. Nowadays computerplays an important and glorious role everywhere. Today it is not a miracle that machines have comeforward to work as a substitute for human brain. The machine, which can work in the place of humanbrain, is called computer.Invention of Computer: About four thousand years ago Chinese „abacus‟ was the ancestor of computer.Pascal invented the theory of “Digital Calculating System” in 1642. But in 1832 Charles Babbage, aBritish professor of Mathematics, who is called the father of computer, wrote about formula that wouldhelp human brain. Mr. Haward Akin, an American scientist, invented a machine in 1937 that could dodifficult sums. After seven years electric computer was used in Harvard University in 1944. The modernmicrocomputer or personal computer was developed when the Intel Company of America inventedmicroprocessor in 1971.Kinds of Computer: Computer has been divided into many types on different bases. On the basis of size,computer has been classified into four. They are Super Computer, Mainframe Computer, Microcomputerand Mini Computer. Microcomputer is also called Personal Computer. Micro or Personal Computer is ofthree kinds and they are Super Micro, Desk Top and Lap Top. Lap Top is of two types and these are NoteBook and Personal Digital Assistance (PDA). Again on the basis of configuration, computer has beenclassified into three. They are Digital Computer, Analogue Computer and Hybrid Computer.Computer (Size Basis)Computer (Configuration Basis)Super Mainframe Micro Mini Digital Analogue HybridSuper Micro Desktop LaptopNote BookMajor Components of Computer: A computer consists of four major components. They are the InputDevice, the Output Device, the Central Processing Unit and the Memory Unit. Keyboard, mouse, scanner,light pen, optical mark reader (OMR), modem, joystick, graphics tablet or digitiser, digital camera,PDA

Part B Digital Success in English Short Articlemicrophone, TV card, disk etc are used as input devices. Monitors, Printer, plotter, speaker etc are used asoutput devices. Nowadays microprocessor works as the Central Processing Unit. The control unit, thearithmetic or logic unit and the memory unit are used as microprocessor. Computer memory is of twotypes and they are main memory and auxiliary memory. RAM and ROM work as main memory and harddisk, floppy disk etc work as auxiliary memory.How Computer Works: The memory unit is the component where all types of data are stored. When theinput unit sends any message to the memory unit, it saves the message in its cell and then sends it to thecontrol unit. The control unit does all the jobs related to other units and maintains everything. The controlunit sends the message to the arithmetic unit for arithmetic and logical operations. Then getting the resultfrom the arithmetic unit, the control unit sends it to the random access memory (RAM). The control unitdoes all these jobs again and again up to the final result. Finally, the control unit sends the result from thememory unit to the output unit.Arithmetic UnitInput DeviceMemory Unit(RAM, ROM)Output DeviceControl UnitLanguage of Computer: Every computer has a language of its own and accordingly a computerfunctions. Computer language varies machine to machine. A computer can understand only the binarynumber 0 and 1. Different computer languages have been made on the basis of binary process. However,computer language is divided into three kinds and they are Machine Language, Assembly Language andHigh Level Language. High Level Language is easy and can be used in all computers. Some importantHigh Level Languages are PASCAL, ALGOL, LOGO, BASIC, FORTAN, COBOL, TURBO C, LISP,PROLOG, ADA, MS ACCESS, FOXPRO, VISUAL BASIC, VISUAL C++, JAVA++, Oracle Developeretc.Uses of Computer: Computer is of great use to us. It renders great service to mankind. Like Aladdin‟smagic lamp, a computer can make any impossible possible. In our daily life we use computer for variouspurposes. They are given below:In Education: In the developed countries, computer is a vital media of education. All students usecomputer to prepare their lessons. Many universities offer students different courses based on computermedium. So, modern learners are learning more spending time and money a little.In Medical Science: Now computer is used to diagnose a disease not only in developed countries but alsoin our own country. Doctors use computer in different operations to make them successful. Moreover, innormal pathological tests computer is used to grind stone and to do many more.In Business and Others: Nowadays we cannot think business without computer. To prepare document,lists of goods, budget and others, we use computer. Now E-Commerce plays a vital role in buying, selling,importing, exporting etc. Computer is also used in printing, banking and justifying the quality of goods,and many more.

Part B Digital Success in English Short ArticleInternet and Multimedia: Internet and multimedia have become the most popular all over the worldbecause they have brought about revolutionary changes in the arena of science and technology. Now wecan get any type of information from anywhere of the present world through the online Internet ofcomputer. Sitting before our computer, we can download our essential programmes, messages, files andinformation through Internet. Besides, Internet is the cheapest and easiest means of communication thatgives us the opportunity of email, voicemail, telephone, videoconference and whatnot. Moreover, we usemultimedia not only to learn the world but also to have adequate recreations. Home-theatre of 3Dtechnology and virtual reality are nothing but the boons of computer.Conclusion: Computer is the greatest contribution of science today. It has curtailed human labour andsnatched away every painful work from men and that is why it is called the driving force of moderncivilisation. The technology of computer is changing very rapidly but we should be conscious of its rightuse. Thinking the influence of computer on men, a British scientist opines that once computer will graspmen when men will not have so much power.c~Y©v½ ms¯‹iY †c‡Z “Digital Success in English” eBwU wKbyb|