The agency work industry around the world - Eurociett

assignment to the next. In addition,agency prepared the ground for ajob-creating economic upturn, helpingcompanies face the ongoing globalcompetitive pressure, increasing labourmarket participation, and furthermore,accelerating and increasing the numberof jobs created as the economyrecovers.Now more than ever, the agency workindustry plays a key role in improvingthe functioning of the labour market,by facilitating a better and faster matchbetween supply and demand of labour,by securing upwards transitions foragency workers, and by providing morework opportunities for more people.5

Content1. The players 112. Agency work and the economic recovery 193. Agency workers in numbers 194. The profile of agency workers 28a. General trendsb. Inclusion and diversity7

The key facts & figuresThe players• There are 128,000 private employmentagencies 3 and 176,000 branches 4worldwide, employing 908,000 internalstaff• In 2010 the total annual sales revenues ofthe top 10 private employment agenciesworldwide accounted for 28% of the totalagency work market• The USA is the world leader with 27%• In 2010 the global total annual salesof total annual sales. Japan representsrevenues amounted to €247 billion 5 19% of the global agency work market,followed by the UK at 9%• Europe is the leading regional entity bytotal annual sales revenues, accountingfor 38% of global total annual salesrevenuesAgency workersin numbers• 10.4 million agency workers in full-timeequivalents were employed by privateemployment agencies across the globein 2010 6• The agency work penetration rate is 1.5%in Japan and 1.6% in Europe 7 and 1.8% inthe USA• On average agency workers workaround half as many hours as full-timepermanent employees 8• Most agency work assignments are morethan one month long8

The profile of agency workers• On average, 57% of agency workers inEurope are aged less than 30 9 comparedwith 55% outside Europe 10• 77% agency workers have at best finishedtheir secondary education 11• Agency workers work in a wide rangeof sectors represented most strongly inservices and manufacturingAgency work and the economicrecovery• Agency work is a bellwether of theeconomic situation• The private employment agency industryhas rebounded sharply since therecession but industry growth has slowed3. based on data from 37 countries4. based on data from 29 countries5. based on data from 34 countries6. based on data from 43 countries7. based on data from 29 countries. If Russia is included in calculations,penetration rate for Europe would be 1.2%8. based on data from 29 countries9. based on data from 17 countries10. based on data from 9 countries11. based on data from 19 countries9

1. The players• There are 128,000 private employment agencies 12and 176,000 branches 13 worldwide, employing908,000 internal staff 14• In 2010 the total annual sales revenues of thetop 10 private employment agencies worldwideaccounted for 28% of the total agency work market• In 2010 the global total annual sales revenuesamounted to €247 billion 15• The USA is the world leader with 27% of totalannual sales. Japan represents 19% of the globalagency work market, followed by the UK at 9%• Europe is the leading regional entity by totalannual sales revenues, accounting for 38% ofglobal total annual sales revenues12. based on data from 37 countries13. based on data from 29 countries14. based on data from 34 countries15. based on data from 35 countries11

There are 128,000 privateemployment agencies...In 2010 there was a recorded128,000 private employmentagencies globally 16 . The Asia/Pacificregion accounts for 57% of all privateemployment agencies (PrEAs).Europe accounts for 26% of all PrEAs,with North America for accountingfor 12%. China, Japan and the USAare the top three countries in termsof number of PrEAs, accountingcollectively for 65% of all agenciesworldwide. As recognised by the ILO:“Private employment agencies playan important role in the functioningof contemporary labour markets.For the past three decades, theincreasing need to provide workersand services to a rapidly growingand flexible labour market has ledto the spectacular development ofthese agencies.”*ChinaJapanUSAUKGermanyAustraliaNetherlandsSouth AfricaPolandBrazilCzech RepublicSouth Korea*DenmarkFranceAustriaColombiaMexicoHungary*CanadaNorwaySwedenFinland*Slovenia*SpainPortugalChilePeruBelgiumSlovakia*Romania*ArgentinaItalyLuxembourg*LithuaniaEstoniaMacedonia*Greece6,0493,5003,2603,1502,9981,7721,6501,4191,3471,2001,2007167006676506005004503553502651881701421291299070413030279Number of private employment agencies**13,91011,50020,0000 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,00049,000* ILO - Private employment agencies, temporary agency workersand their contribution to the labour market | 20091216. Based on data from 37 countriesSource: Ciett national federations 2010*Source: Ciett national federations 2009**Based on figures from 37 countries

In 2010, the USA and Japan are global agency workmarket leaders by total annual sales revenuesIn 2010, the global market for Agencywork accounted for 247 billionEuros. The USA is the world leaderwith 27% of global annual sales. TheJapan represents 19% of the globalagency work market. The UK remainsthe third largest market worldwidewith 9% of global total annual salesrevenues. Europe accounts for 38%of global total annual sales revenues,North America for 29% and Asia/Pacific for 26%.Percentage of total annual sales revenues in 2010UK 9%France 7%Rest of World18%Japan 19%Germany 6%USA 27%Australia 5%Netherlands 4%Brazil 3%16

Agency work continues to displaya relationship with GDP growthThe use of agency work echoes thebehaviour of the general economy.Various studies have confirmed thatthere is a direct correlation betweenvariations in GDP and the level of useof agency work. In years of growth,the supply and demand of agencyworkers increase proportionally,and diminish when the economyfalters. As a precise indicator of theeconomic situation, the evolutionof the agency work industry istherefore monitored as such, asprivate employment agencies arethe first impacted by the crisis.30%20%10%0%-10%-20%Evolution of number of hours worked by agency workers (year on year)versus EU 27 GDP growth rate (year on year)6%4%2%0%-2%-4%-30%-6%Q1-08 Q2-08 Q3-08 Q4-08 Q1-09 Q2-09 Q3-09 Q4-09 Q1-10 Q2-10 Q3-10 Q4-10 Q1-11 Q2-11 Q3-11Change in hours worked (European average)Growth rate of GDP volume18Note: The weighted European Average is the year on year change of agency workers in full-time equivalent employment on a daily basis (except where notedotherwise). The weighted average determined by the surveyed countries share of the European agency work market in 2009. The countries contributing tothe weighted European Average account for 58% of the agency work market in Europe. The EU average is calculated by adding the individual country figuresmultiplied by their percentage of the agency work industry in Europe, then scaling the figures to one hundred percent.

Agency work is a bellweatherfor the economic environmentIn October, EU 27 unemploymentlevels rose by +2.4% compared withthe same period in 2010. At the sametime agency work posted a +1.1% risein hours worked.From the beginning of the timeseries in 2008, an inverse relationshipbetween unemployment levels inthe EU and the amount of agencywork being carried out is on display.Recent months have shown thegrowth of the agency work industryto have slowed considerably, whileat the same time year on yearunemployment levels have began torise again.40%30%20%10%0%-10%-20%-30%-40%Evolution of the number of hours worked by agency workers (year on year)versus average EU 27 unemployment change (year on year)Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11Germany’s agency work industrybegan to grow again as early as May2009 and in July 2010, the Germanagency work industry returned topre-crisis levels of employment.20Changes in hours worked (European Average) Y-O-Y Change in unemployment (EU 27)This can be partly attributed toGermany obtaining more appropriateregulations later than in otherEuropean countries.

The American agency work market beganto recover earlier than the industry in EuropeAgency workand the economic recoveryAmerican economic activitymeasured by employment peakedin December 2007. Since then, ithas lost jobs until mid 2009 whenit began to grow again. But eventhough the decline in agency workoccurred later, it rapidly outpacedthat of the American workforceat large, as it played its role ofbuffer, cushioning the impact onpermanent staff. The sustainedrecovery of the industry points thatin the economic recovery, agencyworkers are among the first to behired.15.00%10.00%5.00%0.00%-5.00%-10.00%-15.00%US staffing employment index since 2006120110100908070-20.00%606/18/2006 6/18/2007 6/18/2008 6/18/2009 6/18/2010 6/18/2011Week-to-Week Change ASA Staffing Index (Set at 100 on 6/12/2006)21

3. Agency workers in numbers• 10.4 million agency workers in full-timeequivalents were employed by privateemployment agencies across the globe in2010• The agency work penetration rate is 1.5% inJapan and 1.6% in Europe and 1.8% in the USA• On average agency workers work nearly halfas much as full-time permanent employees• Most agency work assignments are morethan one month long22

10.4 million agency workerswere employed daily in 2010 20In 2010 the total number of agencyworkers worldwide amounted to10.4 million in full-time equivalents 21 .Europe accounts for 35%, NorthAmerica for 25%, and the Asia/Pacificregion for 13%.The USA employs nearly as manyagency workers in full-timeequivalents [2.58 million] than thesecond and third biggest suppliersof agency workers combined.South Africa has the second highestnumber of agency workers in fulltimeequivalents [967,000], aheadof Brazil [965,000], Japan [960,000]and the UK [860,000], (UK figuresare representative of the 2009/2010financial year). Together, the USA,South Africa, and Brazil account for44% of all agency workers assignedworldwide.24USASouth AfricaBrazilJapanUKGermanyFranceColombiaAustraliaNetherlandsItalyMexicoPolandCanadaSouth KoreaSpainPortugal*PeruBelgiumHungary*SwitzerlandAustriaArgentinaRussia*SwedenRomania*Macedonia*Slovenia *IrelandCzech RepublicChileNorwayFinlandDenmarkSlovakia*Uruguay*Bulgaria*New ZealandGreeceLuxembourg*EstoniaLatviaLithuania308,250208,000197,000132,350114,00099,00090,68287,00087,00085,00081,84868,00068,00066,00063,00062,00060,00050,00048,95948,00035,00032,00031,68921,81121,64921,22718,50016,2378,0007,5675,0004,3003,0002,5002,11020. based on data from 43 countries21. ibidDaily average number of agency workers (FTE)520,000514,190967,000965,000960,000880,000793,0002,584,000Source: Ciett National Federations*Source: Ciett estimate**Based on figures from 43 Countries

Evolution of the numberof agency workers in Europe [FTE]Agency workersin numbersIn the last fifteen years, the numberof agency workers in Europe hasgreatly increased, partially as a resultof more appropriate regulationbeing put in place in formerly tightlyregulated labour markets, notablyin Italy, Germany, and the Nordiccountries, and the opening up ofnew markets in Central and EasternEurope.It is important to note that witheach passing year the level ofinformation available on the numberof agency workers has improvedleading to more countries beingrepresented. Care should be takento only make direct comparisonsto previous years where data isavailable.* Denotes Ciett estimate based on the overall evolution ofcomparable markets between 2009 and 2010 of 8.52%**Denotes Eurostat estimate (Nace code 78.2)Evolution of agency work penetration in Europe1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010Austria 0,4% 0,5% 0,6% 0,7% 0,8% 0,9% 0,8% 1,0%w 1,2% 1,2% 1,5% 1,6% 1,6% 1,4% 1,6%Belgium 1,2% 1,3% 1,6% 1,6% 1,7% 1,7% 1,6% 1,6% 1,8% 1,8% 2,1% 2,2% 2,1% 1,6% 1,9%Bulgaria - - - - - - - - - - - - 0,1% 0,2% 0,3%*Czech Republic - - - - - - - - - - - - 0,7% 0,7% 0,7%Denmark 0,2% 0,2% 0,3% 0,3% 0,3% 0,4% 0,4% 0,4% 0,5% 0,6% 0,7% 0,7% 0,7% 0,7% 0,8%Estonia 0,5%* 0,5%Finland 0,4% 0,4% 0,4% 0,3% 0,4% 0,5% 0,4% 0,5% 0,6% 0,7% 0,7% 1,1% 1,3% 0,8% 0,9%France 1,3% 1,6% 2,0% 2,2% 2,5% 2,5% 2,3% 2,2% 2,3% 2,3% 2,4% 2,5% 2,3% 1,7% 2,0%Germany 0,5% 0,6% 0,7% 0,7% 0,9% 0,9% 0,9% 0,9% 1,1% 1,2% 1,5% 1,9% 1,9% 1,6% 2,0%Greece - - - - - - - - - - - 0,2% 0,0% 0,1% 0,1%Hungary - - - - - - 0,8% 1,0% 1,3% 1,4% 1,4% 1,4% 1,4% 1,2% 1,8%*Ireland 0,2% 0,3% 0,6% 0,6% 1,5% 1,4% 1,4% 1,4% 1,3% 1,3% 1,5% 1,7% 1,7% 0,9% 1,9%Italy - - 0,0% 0,1% 0,3% 0,3% 0,4% 0,6% 0,7% 0,7% 0,8% 1,0% 0,9% 0,7% 0,9%Latvia 0,2%* 0,3%*Lithuania 0,2%* 0,2%*Luxembourg 1,2% 1,2% 1,2% 1,7% 2,2% 2,1% 2,1% 2,1% 2,1% 2,0% 2,5% 2,4% 1,9% 1,9% 1,9%Macedonia - - - - - - - - - - 0,4% 0,3% 0,3% 0,8% 0,8%*Netherlands 2,1% 2,2% 2,4% 2,4% 2,3% 2,2% 2,1% 1,9% 1,9% 2,2% 2,5% 2,8% 2,9% 2,4% 2,5%Norway 0,3% 0,4% 0,5% 0,5% 0,5% 0,5% 0,5% 0,4% 0,5% 0,6% 1,0% 1,0% 1,0% 0,8% 0,9%Poland - - - - - - - 0,1% 0,2% 0,2% 0,2% 0,4% 0,5% 0,5% 0,7%Portugal 0,6% 0,6% 0,7% 0,9% 0,9% 0,9% 0,9% 0,9% 0,9% 0,9% 0,9% 0,9% 1,6%** 1,6%** 1,7%*Romania - - - - - - - - - - - - 0,3% 0,3% 0,5%Russia 0,1%” 0,1%”Slovakia - - - - - - - - - - - - 0,6% 0,6% 0,8%*Slovenia - - - - - - - - - - - - 0,3% 0,3% 0,5%*Spain 0,5% 0,7% 0,8% 0,9% 0,7% 0,7% 0,6% 0,6% 0,7% 0,7% 0,7% 0,8% 0,6% 0,4% 0,5%Sweden 0,2% 0,3% 0,4% 0,6% 1,0% 0,9% 0,8% 0,7% 0,7% 0,7% 0,8% 1,3% 1,3% 1,0% 1,3%Switzerland 0,6% 0,6% 0,8% 0,9% 1,0% 1,0% 0,9% 0,9% 1,0% 1,2% 1,5% 1,7% 1,7% 1,4% 1,6%UK 2,6% 2,9% 2,6% 2,8% 3,7% 3,7% 3,7% 3,9% 4,1% 4,2% 4,3% 4,7% 4,1% 3,7% 3,0%Source: Ciett national federations*Source: Ciett estimate**Source: Eurostat (Nace Code 78.2)25

Agency work nears its 2008 highin 2010 throughout EuropeAcross Europe, the penetrationrate for agency work rose. Germanywith a penetration rate of 2% andSweden with 1.3% are notable forhaving reached all time highs foragency work penetration. The fall inpenetration rate in the UK to 3.0% canbe attributed data there referring tothe financial year of 2009/2010 ratherthan 2010 as the other countries arereporting. The average penetrationrate in Europe was 1.6% in 2010 22 , upfrom 1.4% in 2009 23 but still a littleshort of the 2008 average of 1.7% 24 .Nevertheless, this average hidesenormous differences from countryto country, ranging from 3.0% in theUK to 0.1% in Greece. Mature marketsin Western Europe, namely the UK,France, Germany and the Beneluxcountries, are all above average;whereas the markets in Southern andEastern Europe are all below average.264.5%4.0%3.5%3.0%2.5%2.0%1.5%1.0%0.5%0.0%UKNetherlandsGermanyFranceIrelandLuxembourgBelgiumComparative penetration rate 2008-2010HungaryPortugal2008 2009 201022. based on data from 29 countries23. based on data from 29 countries24. based on data from 27 countriesAustriaSwitzerlandSwedenFinlandNorwayItalySlovakiaDenmarkMacedoniaPoland2008 average 1.7%Czech Republic2010 average 1.6%2009 average 1.4%Note: estimate for Russia not used in calculating European Average. If included, penetration rate in 2010 would be 1.2%RomaniaEstoniaSloveniaSpainLatviaBulgariaLithuaniaGreeceRussia

Evolution of the number of agency workersin the rest of the world [FTE]Agency workersin numbersOutside Europe the number ofagency workers has also markedlyincreased between 1996 and2010, on account of the gradualderegulation of the Japanese labourmarket, and the advent of emergingmarkets, such as Brazil and SouthAfrica, on the global scene.It is important to note that witheach passing year the level ofinformation available on the numberof agency workers has improvedleading to more countries beingrepresented. Care should be takento only make direct comparisonsto previous years where data isavailable.Evolution of Agency work in the Rest of the World1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010Argentina** 0,3% 0,3% 0,3% 0,3% 0,3% 0,3% 0,2% 0,3% 0,4% 0,4% 0,4% 0,4% 0,4% 0,3% 0,4%Australia - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,8% 2,7%Brazil - - - - - - - - - - 0,9% 1,0% 0,9% 1,0% 1,0%Chile - - - - - - - - - - 1,3% 0,5% 0,4% 0,4% 0,4%Colombia - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3,3% 2,7%Japan 0,5% 0,5% 0,5% 0,6% 0,8% 1,0% 1,1% 1,2% 1,4% 1,7% 1,9% 2,1% 2,2% 1,8% 1,5%Mexico - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0,1% 0,3%New Zealand - - - - - - - - - 0,5% 0,5% 0,4% 0,6% 0,6% 0,3%Peru - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0,3% 0,6%South Africa* - - - - - - - - - 2,3% 2,2% 2,1% 3,4% 6,4% 7,1%South Korea - - - - - - - - 0,2% 0,3% 0,3% 0,3% 0,3% 0,4% 0,4%*USA** 1,9% 2,1% 2,1% 2,2% 2,2% 1,9% 1,8% 1,9% 2,1% 2,2% 2,1% 2,0% 1,8% 1,5% 1,8%Denotes Ciett estimate based on the overall evolution ofcomparable markets between 2009 and 2010 of 8.52%Source: Ciett National Federations*Source: Ciett Estimate**Time series revised compared to previous editions***Change of methodology in 2009 for calculating FTE workers27

Outside Europe agency workpenetration rates vary widelyAgency work penetration rates aredetermined in part by the level ofmaturity of the market in whichthey evolve. Mature agency workmarkets are characterised by highpenetration rates, indicating apotent blend of large user bases,strong economic growth, andgenerally relevantly regulatedmarkets. At a mere 0.9% 25 of the totalregional active working population,the relatively low penetration rateof agency work in South Americancountries reveals the region’sconsiderable potential for growth.8.0%7.0%6.0%5.0%4.0%3.0%2.0%1.0%Evolution of penetration rate 2008-20100.0%ArgentinaAustraliaBrazilChileColombiaJapanMexicoNew ZealandPeruSouth KoreaUSA2008 2009 201025. based on data from 6 countriesNote: estimate for Russia not used in calculating European Average. If included, penetration rate in 2010 would be 1.2%28

Differences in gender balance dependon the socio-economic fabric of a countryFrom country to country, differencesin gender balance in agency workare determined by the particularsocio-economic fabric andeconomic history of each country,as well as by the sectors allowedto use agency work. More servicesorientedmarkets tend to employmore women, such as Sweden[60% of women and 57% in theservices sector], whereas marketswith a strong industrial historyusually employ more men, such asGermany [70% of men and 48% inthe manufacturing sector].100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%Gender balance of agency workersAustriaFranceGermanyMacedoniaSwitzerlandBelgiumSlovakiaSpainSloveniaMexicoItalyNetherlandsRomaniaPolandSouth AfricaCzech RepublicGreeceArgentinaBrazilColombiaPeruUSAUKChinaNew ZealandSwedenJapanFinlandAustraliaMaleFemale34

Most agency workers in Europeare aged below 30The profileof agency workersYoung people make up a highproportion of agency workerscompared to the total activeworking population with a majorityof agency workers being over 30years of age. On average, 10% ofagency workers are under 21 yearsold with 22% are between 21 and 25years old. A further 25% are between25 and 30 Years old. This means thaton average, 57% of agency workersare under 30 years old. Agency workoften serves as a first professionalexperience for first-time entrantsinto the labour market, providingthem with a valuable initialexperience or serving as a steppingstoneto permanent employment.Notable exceptions to this trendare Denmark [70% over 30], andMacedonia [69% over 30].100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%Average age of agency workers in EuropeSwedenPolandMacedoniaDenmarkFranceSpainHungaryGreeceRomaniaSlovakiaGermanySloveniaCzech Republic< 21 21 - 25 26 - 30 31 - 45 > 45BelgiumNetherlandsNorwayItaly35

Agency workerstend to be older outside EuropeAgency workers tend to be older inJapan, where 58% of agency workersare over 30 and in the US, where 68%of Agency workers are aged over 30.100%90%Average age of agency workers in the rest of the worldThis can be explained by the factthat in some of these countriesagency work is culturally acceptedas a viable alternative to permanentemployment.80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%ChinaJapanUSANew ZealandMexicoColombiaArgentinaSouth AfricaBrazil< 21 21 - 25 26 - 30 31 - 45 > 4536

More than a quarter of agency workershave completed higher educationThe profileof agency workersOn average, 27% of agency workershave completed higher education.In Sweden and Australia, morethan half of agency workers havecompleted higher education. Inmost countries, the majority ofagency workers have a low tomedium initial education level. Onaverage, 50% of agency workersworldwide have finished secondaryschool, and 23% have not. The CzechRepublic [60%] is the only countryto report the majority of agencyworkers having not completed theirsecondary education. Agency workcan play an important role in helpingthese low-skilled workers enter thelabour market and gain valuableexperience.100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%Education level of agency workersSwedenAustraliaNorwayUKFinlandUSABelgiumGreecePeruArgentinaItalyColombiaNetherlandsSouth KoreaSpainSwitzerlandBrazilCzech RepublicSouth AfricaLow [not completed secondary education] Medium [completed secondary education] High [completed higher education]37

Sectoral distributionof agency workReflecting the ongoing mutationsof the European economies, thesectoral distribution of agency workin Europe has seen a recent trendaway from usage in the industrialsector [31% average], towards agrowing use in the services sector[37% average]. Manufacturingremains an important user of agencywork in traditionally industrialeconomies, such as Poland [70%]and Czech Republic [65%]. Mexico[29%], Norway [15%] and Peru [15%],make important use of agencywork in public administration, as doPeru [43%] and France [23%] in theconstruction sector. More than threein four Chilean agency workers workin the services sector, and 45% ofArgentinian agency workers work inthe manufacturing sector.100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%Sectoral distribution of agency workPeruGreeceChileNorwaySouth AfricaBrazilNetherlandsColombiaMexicoSpainSwitzerlandAustraliaBelgiumSouth KoreaFranceItalyArgentinaGermanyCzech RepublicAgriculture Manufacturing Construction Services Public Administration OtherPoland38

. Diversity39

Agency workers from target groupsare on the rise in the NetherlandsThe profileof agency workersAgency work gives target groups aviable access to the labour market,thereby increasing labour marketparticipation and diversity. Ethnicminorities, older people, labourincapacitated and the long termunemployed accounted for 31% ofagency workers in the Netherlandsin 2008. This is up from 27% in2006. Agency work increaseslabour market flexibility, whilstproviding basic rights and workingconditions to agency workers.Because the agency remains theworker’s employer, his rights arecapitalised from one assignmentto the next. Agency work thusintegrates “outsiders” in the labourmarket, who then benefit from thesame working conditions as thoseprovided to other agency workers.The percentage of special target groups among temporary employees in the Netherlands2006200835%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%14%18%12%13%Ethnic minorities Older workers (45+) Labour incapacitated Long-termunemployed2%1%3%2%27%31%Total (corrected foroverlap)41

Disabled temporary agency workerstake on a range of positionsIn France, 43% of disabled workersare classified as skilled blue collarworkers, while 7% occupy middlemanagement positions. 16% arewhite collar employees and 34%are unskilled blue collar workers.Through private employmentagencies, disabled agency workersare integrated at every level ofcompanies.Employment of disabled agency workers in FranceWhitecollar16%Unskilled bluecollar 34%Skilledblue collar43%Middlemanagement7%42

Notes43

Notes45

About CiettAs the International Confederation ofPrivate Employment Agencies, Ciett isthe authoritative voice representing theinterests of private employment agencyindustry across the world.Founded in 1967, Ciett consists of 47national federations of private employmentagencies and six of the largest staffingcompanies worldwide: Adecco, GI Group,Kelly Services, Manpower, Randstad, andUSG People.Its main objective is to help its membersconduct their businesses in a legal andregulatory environment that is positive andsupportive.Ciett is divided into 6 regionalorganisations: Africa & Near East, Northernand Southern Asia, North America, SouthAmerica [CLETT&A], and Europe [Eurociett].46

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