Ocean basins 3

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A young ocean – The Red Sea• Wilson cycle C• Stretching started ~35 Ma (Oligocene)• Rifting and volcanism began ca. 25-20 Ma(early Miocene)• Proper spreading phase started ca. 5 Ma inthe south - not yet fully developed in thenorth• Dark blue - axial zone, depths greater thanabout 1000 m• The pole of rotation is located to the north-therefore the spreading rate is greatest inthe southern part of the Red Sea and thisarea has opened the mostOpen University, 1989 68
Red Sea magnetic anomalies• Well developed magnetic stripes(and thus oceanic crust) is onlyevident in the southern axial zone• Average spreading rate (full) 1.5cm/yr over the past 4.5 MaOpen University, 1989 69
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3. Ocean basinsTheir structure and
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Continental and oceanic lithosphere
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The most common plate boundaries•
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Types of plate boundaries7
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Magnetic anomaliesVolcano World web
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Plate motions from magnetic anomali
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Geometry of motion on a sphere; At
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Motions and earthquakesat plate bou
Page 19 and 20: Hot spot model• Age and geometry
Page 21 and 22: Hot spot distributionThis Dynamic E
Page 23 and 24: Direct measurements - exampleFowler
Page 25: Absolute plate motionsfrom very lon
Page 29 and 30: Plate tectonics II• Changes in pl
Page 31 and 32: Some obvious signs for past changes
Page 33 and 34: Change in the Norwegian-Greenland S
Page 35: Evolution of the San AndreasTransfo
Page 38: Present day subduction of a spreadi
Page 41 and 42: The age of the oceansMuller et al.,
Page 43 and 44: Pacific Ocean• Complicated to rec
Page 45 and 46: Magnetic anomaliesVolcano World web
Page 47 and 48: Magnetic anomalies- Eastern Pacific
Page 50 and 51: The Wilson Cycle• Describes the l
Page 52 and 53: Plume-relateduplift• depends on:-
Page 54 and 55: Passive rifting54
Page 56 and 57: Active rifting56
Page 58 and 59: Stages of ocean evolution1 - Embryo
Page 60 and 61: For next timeLook at animations at:
Page 62 and 63: The birth of an ocean1. The process
Page 64 and 65: Wilson Cycle Stage B - continentalr
Page 66 and 67: Northern Red Sea• Failed rift in
Page 70 and 71: Red Sea - crustal architecture• E
Page 72: An old ocean - the Mediterranean Se
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Ocean basins 3

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