ISSN: 2250-3005 - ijcer

More documents

Recommendations

Info

International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 8The initial tuning of the PID controller is accomplished based on the Ziegler-Nicholes method, and the gain coefficients areK p =1.1, K i =0.003 and K d =52. Fuzzy PID Controller has a small overshoot, fast response and the steady state error is lessthan 1%.4.2 Response of the Temperature control systemThe temperature control experiment is conducted in the actual Shell and tube heat exchanger system. The targetoutlet temperature of heat exchanger is 60˚C and figure 7 shows the response of heat exchanger.The results suggest thatneither the settling time nor control accuracy is satisfied enough when conventional PID controller is used in shell and tubeheat exchanger. The steady state error of the PID controller is greater than fuzzy PID. The experimental results shows thatfuzzy self-tuning PID control has better dynamic response and steady state error characteristics.4.3 Comparison of various parametersTable IV shows the comparison of various parameters from the above graph for the various types of Controllers.TABLE 4COMPARISON OF PARAMETERSParameters PID FuzzyPIDNeuroFuzzy PIDRise Time 1.8 2.6 3.2Peak over shoot 0.68 0.82 1.2Settling Time 14 5.8 8.6Peak Time 2.6 4.1 4.25. CONCLUSIONIn this paper design of a temperature control of a shell and tube heat exchanger based on Neuro -fuzzy PID controlwas discussed by comparing it with PID and Fuzzy PID. The analysis fuzzy controller is designed in MATLAB and thefuzzy self-tuning PID control system model is designed by SIMULINK. The results suggested that self-tuning parameterfuzzy PID controller has a smaller system overshoot, faster response and less steady state error thereby making it strongerthan conventional PID controller. It was thus concluded that fuzzy self-tuning PID control has better dynamic response andsteady state error characteristics. The control rule table of PID parameters was obtained and the control rules for K p , K d andK i was tabulated. The actual system used obtains a good control effect and can satisfy the requirements of the temperaturecontrol system of the shell and tube heat exchanger.6. References[1] H. Thal-Larsen, 1960, Dynamics of heat exchangers and their models, ASME J. Basic Eng., pp. 489 – 504.[2] M.Chidambaram, and Y.S.N. Malleswara rao, 1992,Nonlinear Controllers for heat exchangers, J. Proc. Cont., vol 2(1), pp 17-21.[3] A.W.Alsop, and T.F.Edgar, 1998, Non-linear heat exchanger control through the use of partially linearised control variables,Chein. Eng. Commn.,vol.75, pp 155 – 170.[4] Wang Li-Xin, 1994,Adaptive fuzzy systems and control: Design and stability analysis [M], Prentice-Hall Englewood chiffsNewJersey.[5] H. Yamashita, R. Izumi, S. Yamaguchi, 1978, Analysis of the dynamic characteristics of cross-flow heat exchangers with bothfluids unmixed, Bull. JSME, vol. 21 (153), pp 479-485.[6] Hassan B.Kazemian, 2001,Development of an intelligent Fuzzy Controller, IEEE International Fuzzy Systems Conference. Vol.1,, pp. 517–520.[7] Mann G. K.I., Hu B.G.Gosine R.G, 1999, Analysis of direct fuzzy PID controller structures, IEEE Trans on Systems, Man andCybernetics. Vo1.29, pp. 371-388.[8] M. Sugeno, 1985, Industrial applications of fuzzy control, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier.[9] Li, H.X. & H. Gatland, 1996,Conventional fuzzy logic control and its enhancement, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man andCybernetics, 26(10), pp.791-797.[10] Jean-Jacques E. Slotine, Weiping Li, 1991,applied nonlinear control, Pretice-hall, Inc., London, pp. 278-282.[11] George K. I. Mann, Bao-Gang Hu, and Raymond G. Gosine, 2001,Two-level tuning of fuzzy PID controllers, IEEE transactionson systems, man, and cybernetics-part B: cybernetics, Vol. 31, No.,pp. 263-269.[12] K. M. Hangos, J. Bokor, and G. Szederkényi, 2004, Analysis and control of nonlinear process control systems, AdvancedTextbooks in Control and Signal Processing, 1st Edition, Ch. 4, Springer-Verlag London limited, pp. 55-61.||Issn 2250-3005(online)|| ||December|| 2012 Page 291
International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 8Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols in MANETs underWormhole Attack1, Pardeep Kaur, 2, Deepak Aggarwal1, M. Tech Student , 2, Assistant Professor1,2 ,Department of CSE & IT, BBSBEC, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, IndiaAbstractMobile Ad-Hoc Network is a group of wireless mobile nodes connected to each-other without any centraladministrator. Nodes can move from one place to another in the network or may leave or join the network at any time.Due to this the topology of the network changes rapidly. So the routing protocols are required that can adopt the frequentchanges in the network topology. Due to the absence of central administrator the MANETs are vulnerable to attacks. Inthis paper comparison of reactive protocols i.e AODV and DYMO has been done under three types of wormhole attack.Performance is measured with metrics like Packet Delivery Ratio, Average End-to-End Delay, Throughput and Jitter byvarying the number of nodes.Keywords-AODV, DYMO, MANET, Wormhole1. IntroductionMobile Ad-Hoc Network is a group of wireless mobile nodes connected to each-other without any centraladministrator. The nodes can leave or join the network at any time. Nodes act as routers that relay packets generated byother nodes to their destination [Jeroen Hoebeke et al., 2006]. Due to the movement of nodes the topology of the networkchanges rapidly. The nodes which are near to each other or within each other’s radio range can communicate directly. Butnodes which are far away they use intermediate nodes to send data. MANETs has advantages like Simple, cheap and fastsetup of networks, more robust concerning failure of single component due to decentralized structure because of thesethey are used in many applications like wireless sensor networks, rescue operations, sports events and conferences etc.2. Routing ProtocolsProactive protocols are also known as table driven protocols. In these protocols each node maintains a route intheir routing table to all the destination nodes in the network. Due to that, routes are discovered for every mobile node ofthe network, without any request for communication by the hosts [Gurjinder Kaur et al., 2011]. The routing tables areupdated periodically or when a change occurs in the network topology. Some of proactive protocols are DSDV, OLSRand STAR. Reactive protocols are also known as on-demand routing protocols. In these protocols a route is onlydiscovered when source node want to send data to the destination node. Source node broadcast a route request message tofind a route to the destination. Some of the reactive routing protocols are DSR, AODV and DYMO. Due to the randommovement of nodes, the network topology becomes unpredictable and changes rapidly. In order to find the most adaptiveand efficient routing protocols for dynamic MANET topologies, the behavior of routing protocols need to be analyzed atvarying node speeds, network size, number of traffic nodes and node density [Fahim Maan et al., 2010].AODV andDYMO routing protocols are used in simulation.2.1 AODVAd-hoc on–demand distance vector is a reactive routing protocol. This property implies that it requests a routewhen it needs one and the nodes which do not want to take part in active communication, need not to maintain routingtables. AODV uses the sequence number to find fresh routes. AODV has two basic operations: route discovery and routemaintenance. AODV uses RREQ, RREP and RERR messages to find and maintain the routes.In route discovery , when asource node desire a route to the destination node for which it does not have a route, it broadcast a route request (RREQ)message in the network. RREQ message contains source IP address, destination IP address, sequence number, hop countand broadcast ID. A neighbor receiving a RREQ may send route reply (RREP), if it is either the destination or if it hasunexpired route to the destination. When destination node send a route reply (RREP) message to the source node, aforward path is formed. Now source node will send the data through this path.In route maintenance, when a link breakagein an active route is detected, the node notifies this link breakage by sending a route error (RERR) message to the sourcenode [Dong-Won Kum et al., 2010] . The source node will reinitiate the route discovery process if it still has data to send.2.2 DYMODYMO is a successor of AODV. It is a combination of AODV and DSR routing protocols. Similar to AODV,DYMO has two basic operations, route discovery and route maintenance. In route discovery, the source node broadcast aRREQ message throughout the network to find the destination node. During this process, each intermediate node recordsa route to the source node and rebroadcast the RREQ after appending its own address. This is called the path||Issn 2250-3005(online)|| ||December|| 2012 Page 292
Page 1 and 2:
ISSN: 2250-3005VOLUME 2 December 20
Page 3 and 4:
Meisam MahdaviQualification: Phd El
Page 5 and 6:
16. Implementation Of Serial Commun
Page 7 and 8:
45 Performance Evaluation Of Energy
Page 9 and 10:
International Journal Of Computatio
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
01 .048International Journal Of Com
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIO
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Body Acceleration (m/Sec2)Dynamic T
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
EigenvalueEigenvalueInternational J
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249: International Journal Of Computatio
Page 334 and 335: Average JitterThroughputInternation
Page 336 and 337: Energy Consumed in Received ModeEne
show all

ISSN: 2250-3005 - ijcer

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?