ISSN: 2250-3005 - ijcer

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International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 8VI ConclusionFrom the results of experimental investigations conducted it is concluded that the waste material from china clayindustries can be used as a replacement for fine aggregate. It is found that 30% replacement of fine aggregate by industrial wastegive maximum result in strength and quality aspects than the conventional concrete. The results proved that the replacement of30% of fine aggregate by the industrial waste induced higher compressive strength, higher split tensile strength and higherflexural strength. Thus the environmental effects from industrial waste can be significantly reduced. Also the cost of fineaggregate can be reduced a lot by the replacement of this waste material from china clay industries.References[1]. Aggarwal.P, Aggarwal.Y, Gupta.S.M [2007] “Effect of bottom ash as replacement of fine aggregate in concrete”,Asian journal of civil engineering [Building and housing] Vol.8, No.1, PP.49-62.[2]. Gurpreet Singh and Rafat siddique [2011] “Effect of waste foundry sand [WFS] as partial replacement of sand on thestrength, ultrasonic pulse velocity and permeability of concrete”, International journal of construction and buildingmaterials Vol.26, PP.416-422.[3]. IS 10262 - 2009 Recommended guidelines for concrete mix design[4]. John zachar and Tarun R.naikin [2007] “Replacement of fine aggregate with foundry sand”, Milwaukee journal –sentinel Vol.3, PP.18-22.[5]. Mahmoud solyman [2006] “Classification of Recycled Sands and their Applications as Fine Aggregates for Concreteand Bituminous Mixtures”, journal article: DOI universitat kassel, Vol.5, pp.1-196.||Issn 2250-3005(online)|| ||December||2012 Page 171
International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 8Robust LMI-Based Controller Design using H ∞ and MixedH 2 /H ∞ for Semi Active Suspension SystemSaeed M. BadranElectrical Engineering DepartmentFaculty of Engineering, Al-Baha University Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaAbstract:Control of vehicle suspension systems has been the focus of extensive work in the past two decades. Many controlstrategies have been developed to improve the overall vehicle performance, including both ride quality and stability conditions.In this paper, we use the H ∞ and mixed H 2 /H ∞ techniques with a semi active suspension system to increase the passenger’s ridecomfort performance A two degree of freedom dynamic model of a vehicle semi-active suspension system was presented. Therole of H∞ is used to minimize the disturbance effect on the system output whereas H 2 is used to improve the transients againstrandom disturbances. The capability of the system of improving comfort of operators has been evaluated through simulationscarried out with a validated model of the entire vehicle. The results of this study revealed that the use of mixed H 2 /H ∞ with poleplacement for a semi-active suspension system showed a great improvement compared with H ∞ systems. In addition, the resultsof the simulation showed that ride comfortable of the vehicle can be improved effectively by using the semi-active suspensionwith mixed H 2 /H ∞ control method, and also the mixed H 2 /H ∞ control method more effective than the H ∞ control method.Finally, this paper showed a robust use of both H ∞ and mixed H 2 /H ∞ problem which can be solved using linear matrixinequality (LMI) techniques.Keywords: H ∞ control; mixed H 2 /H ∞ control; robust control; semi-active suspension; ride comfort; simulation; poleplacement.I IntroductionAll motor manufactures are currently engaged in research and development to ensure that they remain atthe competitive edge, in terms of both vehicle performance and perceived human factors such as comfort anddrivability. Conventional vehicle suspension systems consists of a passive spring in parallel with a damper, theirmain functions being to support the body mass and to provide both passenger comfort and road holding. Thesehave a number of limitations due to the fixed nature of the components used and requirements for the vehicle tofunction over a wide variety of operating conditions. A suspension system is also required to react to changes invehicle load, a constraint which requires a stiff suspension. The introduction of active elements into the suspensionallows the compromise to redefined, providing an all round improvement in performance. The topic of this paper isthe using of H ∞ and mixed H 2 /H ∞ control with a semi active suspension system. The design of control algorithmsfor semi-active vehicle suspensions has been an active research field for over forty years [1,2]. Numerous controlalgorithms have been developed for semi-active suspensions [1,3]. The principle of semi-active damping is thecontrol of variable dampers for the purpose of vibration isolation. Semi-active damping has been shown tosignificantly improve vibration isolation in comparison to passive damping for a range of mechanical and civilengineering applications see for example [4–8]. The semi-active suspension of vehicles uses the dampingcomponents that can be controlled and the closed loop system, which can regulate the damping force according tothe feedback signals generated by suspension working space ,and acceleration of the car body, so that the dampingsuspension stay in the best condition and improve the ride comfort ability. Many active suspension controlapproaches have been proposed such as Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control, adaptive control, and non-linearcontrol to overcome these suspension systems problems [9-11]. Stability represents the minimum requirement forcontrol systems. However, in most cases, a good controller should act sufficiently fast with well-damped responsebeside the disturbance attenuation on selected system outputs. If the controller design is not robust againstdisturbance and parameters change, the system may become unstable [12,14]. Mixed H 2 /H ∞ robust controlalleviates such handicap [15-19]. Linear matrix inequality (LMI) [20] is one of the most effective and efficienttools in controller design. Many LMI-based design methods of static out feedback (SOF) design have beenproposed over the last decade. The main advantage of the H ∞ control is that it provides maximum robustness to themost destabilizing uncertainty, which is modeled as disturbance input. The H 2 performance criterion introducedabove is extended with an H ∞ criterion for the body mass acceleration. This idea leads to an attempt of the mixedH 2 /H ∞ control design scheme.||Issn 2250-3005(online)|| ||December||2012 Page 172
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