Medical Tourism in Developing Countries

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Introduction to Medical Tourism ● 15per capita at Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), justifying its inclusion intothis study. Moreover, with respect to growth rates, Argentina led the groupin 2003–4 (8 percent) while Cuba and Costa Rica lagged behind the others(0.9 percent and 2.7 percent, respectively).The structural transformation of the economy is useful in understandingthe level of development in the countries under study. To that end, theproportion of the GDP derived from agriculture, industry, and services isobserved. From table 1.1, it is clear that India is the least developed countryin the study (with 22 percent of GDP derived from agriculture and26 percent from industry). The next countries with respect to the size of theagricultural sector are Argentina, Malaysia, and Thailand (all 10 percent).However, in those countries the size of the industrial sector is larger thanin India (32 percent, 48 percent, and 44 percent, respectively).The UN ranks 177 countries according to their Human DevelopmentIndex (HDI), a composite index that measures a country’s achievement inoverall human development as measured by a combination of health (lifeexpectancy), knowledge (literacy and school enrollment), and living standards(GDP per capita at PPP). All the countries under study are classifiedas either High or Medium according to the HDI. Even India, which isranked in the low-income category by the World Bank, is not ranked inthe Low category of the HDI.The above economic indicators show some of the ways in which thedestination countries under study are different from most developing countriesof Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Many have achieved phenomenalrates of economic growth and fundamental transformations of their economies.Such growth does not happen in a vacuum, in the absence of governmentefforts. The countries under study have, to differing extents, hadextensive economic reforms emanating from the top. Liberalization playeda crucial role in transforming sluggish economies into dynamic powerhouses,in producing phenomenal rates of economic growth, and in layingthe groundwork for medical tourism. Asian countries such as India andMalaysia are technologically ahead of the United States with respect to someconsumer technologies (such as cell phones and televisions). Demand forconsumer technology in South Africa and Chile has spurred research andproduction and boosted the local economy. The Philippine economy isundergoing fundamental changes aimed at putting it on a new growth trajectory.India and China are becoming the world’s emerging powerhouses.All these countries, to varying degrees, have state-of-the-art technology, atleast in the medical sector. Indeed, Thailand and Costa Rica are operatingon the technological frontier, right alongside the United States. Moreover,the structural transformation of the economy indicates a change in what is
Table 1.1 Economic indicators and the human development index in selected destination countries, 2003, 2004Country(populationin m.)2004Argentina(38)Chile(16)Costa Rica(4)Cuba(11)(2003)India(1,080)WB GNI/P GNI/P(PPP)GrowthGDP/P2003–4(%)GDP inAgriculture(%)GDP inIndustries(%)GDP inServices(%)HDI2003UMC 3,720 12,460 8.0 10 32 59 0.86(34)HUMC 4,910 10,500 4.9 9 34 57 0.85(37)HUMC 4,670 9,530 2.7 9 29 63 0.84(47)HLMC n.a. n.a. 0.9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.82(52)HLIC 620 3,347 5.4 22 26 52 0.60(127)M16 ● Medical Tourism in Developing Countries
Page 4: Medical Tourism inDeveloping Countr
Page 7: This page intentionally left blank
Page 11 and 12: List of AcronymsAIDS Acquired Immun
Page 13 and 14: This page intentionally left blank
Page 15 and 16: 2 ● Medical Tourism in Developing
Page 23 and 24: 10 ● Medical Tourism in Developin
Page 27: 14 ● Medical Tourism in Developin
Page 40 and 41: Plastic Surgery is Not Peanuts ●
Page 79 and 80:
66 ● Medical Tourism in Developin
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
This page intentionally left blank
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
100 ● Medical Tourism in Developi
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Table 5.4 Indicators of physical in
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
188 ● NotesTreatment Abroad Could
Page 203 and 204:
190 ● Notes60. Emerging markets i
Page 205 and 206:
192 ● Notes21. Woodward et al.,
Page 207 and 208:
194 ● Notes57. Economist, July 31
Page 209 and 210:
196 ● Notes25. New York Times, De
Page 211 and 212:
198 ● Notes73. Rupa Chanda, “Tr
Page 213 and 214:
200 ● Notes16. Peter Schofield,
Page 215 and 216:
202 ● Notes56. Thomas Friedman, T
Page 217 and 218:
204 ● Notes99. Chanda, “Trade i
Page 219 and 220:
206 ● Notes21. Marvin Cetron, Fre
Page 221 and 222:
208 ● Notes71. Chanda, “Trade i
Page 223 and 224:
210 ● Notes116. Cited in Rashmi B
Page 225 and 226:
212 ● Notes2. Simonetta Zarrilli,
Page 227 and 228:
214 ● Notes30. Joint Commission I
Page 229 and 230:
216 ● Notes65. Mattoo and Rathind
Page 231 and 232:
218 ● Notes102. It is a problem i
Page 233 and 234:
220 ● Notes29. Larry Solomon, “
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
224 ● Selected BibliographyBower,
Page 239 and 240:
226 ● Selected BibliographyJohans
Page 241 and 242:
228 ● Selected BibliographyRoffe,
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
232 ● Indexbrain drain/gain 105-9
Page 247 and 248:
234 ● Indexdestination countriesa
Page 249 and 250:
236 ● Indexhealth careon airplane
Page 251 and 252:
238 ● IndexJJohanson, Misty 44, 9
Page 253 and 254:
240 ● Indexmedical tourism (conti
Page 255 and 256:
242 ● Indexpublic health (continu
Page 257 and 258:
244 ● Indextourism sectormarket s
show all

Medical Tourism in Developing Countries

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?