Medical Tourism in Developing Countries

220 ● Notes29. Larry Solomon, “Bad Cuban Medicine,” Capitalism Magazine, April 15, 2003.30. Hilda Molina resigned in protest over the fact that medical care was availableto foreigners that was not available to locals. She was the founder of the internationalcenter for neurological restoration in Havana. Wall Street Journal,January 21, 2000; and Larry Solomon, “Bad Cuban Medicine,” CapitalismMagazine, April 15, 2003.31. Chile has a private and a public health insurance scheme: ISAPRE (Institucionesde Salud Previsional) and FONASA (Fondo Nacional de Salud). The latter getscontributions from its members and transfers money to pay for indigent careand to carry out public health care programs. www.paho.org/english/DD/AIS/cp_152.htm#problemas, accessed March 27, 2006.32. Salah Maqndil, “Telehealth: What is it? Will it Propel Cross Border Trade inHealth Services?” in UNCTAD-WHO Joint Publication, International Trade inHealth Services, pp. 91–2.33. Alma Ata Declaration, paragraph 7.3, cited in Kelley Lee, “The Pit and thePendulum,” p. 11.34. The government passed a law that required that almost all of the money it earnson oil exports be spent for poverty reduction. Five years later, in 2005, thegovernment altered the law to funnel more money into the general budget(including salaries of civil servants, and security). New York Times, December13, 2005.35. Richard Smith, “Foreign Direct Investment and Trade in Health Services: aReview of the Literature,” Social Science and Medicine 59 (2004): p. 2315.36. Indrani Gupta, Bishwanath Goldar, and Arup Mitra, “The Case of India,”in UNCTAD-WHO Joint Publication, International Trade in Health Services,p. 227.37. Chile News, “Exporting Good Health,” www.segogob.cl/archivos/ChileNews73.pdf, accessed March 21, 2006.38. NACLA Report, Health Tourism Booms in Cuba, p. 46.39. Joan Henderson, “Healthcare Tourism in Southeast Asia,” Tourism ReviewInternational, 7, no. 3–4 (2004): p. 118.40. This has largely been ignored by the literature. Sinclair and Stabler have notedthat “public sector economics has virtually ignored the impact of tourism onnational and local economies and the potential for national and local publicfinance policy to . . . fund the required infrastructure and services.” M. TheaSinclair and Mike Stabler, The Economics of Tourism (London: Routledge,1997), p. 11.41. World Tourism Organization, Tourism Taxation (Madrid: UNWTO, 1998).42. World Tourism Organization, Addendum A: Tourism and Economic Development,Contribution of the World Tourism Organization to the SG Report onTourism and Sustainable Development for the CSD 7 Meeting,” (Madrid:April 1999), p. 6.43. S. R. C. Wanhill, “Which Investment Incentives for Tourism,” Tourism Management7, no. 1(1986).