Medical Tourism in Developing Countries

Notes ● 199Chapter 41. Gerald Meier and James Rauch, Leading Issues in Economic Development, 8th ed.(New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 489– 490.2. Peter Calvert, “Changing Notions of Development: Bringing the State BackIn,” in Development Studies, ed. Jeffrey Haynes (New York: Palgrave Macmillan,2005), p. 47.3. For a discussion of development economics after the Washington Consensus,see Jomo K. S. and Ben Fine, eds., The New Development Economics: After theWashington Consensus (London: Zed Books, 2006).4. M. Thea Sinclair and Mike Stabler, The Economics of Tourism (London: Routledge,1977), p. 151.5. James H. Mittelman and Mustapha Kamal Pasha, Out From UnderdevelopmentRevisited (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997), p. 82.6. UNWTO, “Contribution of the World Tourism Organization to the SG Reporton Tourism and Sustainable Development for the CSD 7 Meeting,” AddendumA: Tourism and Economic Development, (Madrid, April 1999), p. 18.7. Trevor Manuel, “Finding the Right Path,” in Developing World 2005 – 06, 15th ed.,edited by Robert Griffiths (Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill/Dushkin, 2005), p. 89.8. World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Report 2000 (NY: OxfordUniversity Press, 2000), p. 92.9. Xing Houyuan, “The Case of China,” in UNCTAD-WHO Joint Publication,International Trade in Health Services: A Development Perspective (Geneva: UN,1998), p. 189.10. Cited in Ellen Wasserman, “Trade in Health Services in the Region of theAmericas,” in WHO, Trade in Health Services: Global, Regional and Country Perspectives(Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization, 2002), p. 137.11. As a result, Cuba has cradle-to-grave free health care for its citizens and aboutone doctor for every 200 people (Debora Evenson, “The Right to Health Careand the Law,” MEDICC Review, www.medicc.org/medicc_review/0905/mr-features1.html, accessed January 8, 2006).12. Ruth Levine, Millions Saved: Proven Successes in Global Health (Washington,DC: Center for Global Development, 2004), p. 4.13. The remainder has to come from the private sector (Confederation of IndianIndustries (CII)-McKinsey, Healthcare in India: The Road Ahead (New Delhi:CII, 2002), p. 75.14. Peter U. C. Dieke, ed., The Political Economy of Tourism Development in Africa(New York: Cognizant Communications Corporation, 2000).15. Isaac Sindiga and Mary Kanunah, “Unplanned Tourism Development in Sub-Saharan Africa with Special Reference to Kenya,” Journal of Tourism Studies 10,no. 1 (1999). The authors claim that decades of unplanned expansion led tothe breakdown of the physical infrastructure, environmental deterioration,wildlife-human conflicts, social problems, uneven distribution of benefits, andan undeveloped domestic tourism sector.