Medical Tourism in Developing Countries

Notes ● 197Treatment Abroad Could Lead to Significant Cost Savings,” Health Affairs 25,no. 2 (2006).48. Narsinha Reddy has referred to Westerners coming to India in this way.Interview conducted by Karla Bookman in Bombay on January 11, 2006.49. World Bank, “Tourism in Africa,” Findings Report no. 22617, Environmental,Rural and Social Development Newsletter, July 2001.50. New York Times, September 9, 2002.51. Wall Street Journal, January 21, 2000.52. Vega, “The Case of the Mexico-United States Border Area,” p. 162.53. UNCTAD Secretariat, “International Trade in Health Services: Difficulties andOpportunities for Developing Countries,” in UNCTAD-WHO Joint Publication,International Trade in Health Services, p. 13.54. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics, p. 9.55. UNWTO, “Contribution of the World Tourism Organization to the SG Reporton Tourism and Sustainable Development for the CSD 7 Meeting,” April 1999,Addendum A: Tourism and Economic Development, p. 14.56. See, for example, P. Johnson and B. Thomas, Choice and Demand in Tourism(London: Mansell, 1992).57. C. Smith and P. Jenner, “Health Tourism in Europe,” Travel and Tourism Analyst1 (2000) 41–59, 41.58. Ross, “Health Tourism: An Overview.”59. Ibid.60. Business Life, July–August 2005, p. 18.61. Abraham Pizam and Aliza Fleischer, “Severity Versus Frequency of Acts ofTerrorism: Which has a Larger Impact on Tourism Demand?” Journal of TravelResearch 40, no. 3 (2002).62. Bolivians go to Chile because it has reached the Bolivian market through itsprivate health insurance program ISAPRES. Chile also has national healthcarecenters that provide care to Bolivian patients through a series of agreements.63. Xing Houyuan, “The Case of China,” in UNCTAD-WHO Joint Publication,International Trade in Health Services, p. 198.64. Teh and Chu, “Supplementing Growth with Medical Tourism.”65. Henderson, “Healthcare Tourism in Southeast Asia,” p. 114.66. New York Times, September 9, 2002.67. Indepth, “Medical Tourism: Need Surgery, Will Travel.”68. Vega, “The Case of the Mexico-United States Border Area,” p. 162.69. Houyuan, “The Case of China,” p. 198.70. Indrani Gupta, Bishwanath Goldar, and Arup Mitra, “The Case of India,”in UNCTAD-WHO Joint Publication, International Trade in Health Services,p. 226.71. Rupa Chanda, “Trade in Health Services,” in WHO, Trade in Health Services,p. 36.72. Argentina and Brazil are like Chile in this respect. Leon, “The Case of theChilean Health System,” p. 171.