Medical Tourism in Developing Countries
Medical Tourism in Developing Countries Medical Tourism in Developing Countries
Notes ● 1954. UCLA, for example, has a detox clinic popular among Saudi Arabian patients.5. Switzerland has a liberal policy on euthanasia, and a right to die charity,Dignitas, opened a foreign branch in Germany (Economist, October 15, 2005,p. 59). Also, the Lausanne University Hospital has announced that, from early2006, it will allow patients to take their own lives on its premises (EthicsBriefings, Journal of Medical Ethics 32 (2006): p. 248.6. Goodrich and Goodrich, “Health-care Tourism,” p. 107.7. Philippa Hunter-Jones, “Managing Cancer: The Role of Holiday Taking,”Journal of Travel Medicine 10 (2003): p. 170.8. Joan Henderson, “Healthcare Tourism in Southeast Asia,” Tourism Review International7, no. 3–4 (2004): p. 113.9. Johanson, “Health, Wellness Focus,” p. 24.10. New York Times, December 30, 2005.11. Kim Ross, “Health Tourism: An Overview,” Hospitality Net Article, December27, 2001, www.hospitalitynet.org/news/4010521.html, accessed February9, 2006.12. Philippa Hunter-Jones, “Cancer and Tourism,” Annals of Tourism Research 32,no. 1 (2005): p. 70.13. Martin Mowforth and Ian Munt, Tourism and Sustainability: New Tourism inthe Third World (London: Routledge, 2003), p. 26.14. J. Moorhead, “Sun, Sea, Sand, and Surgery,” Guardian (London), May 11,2004.15. Jayata Sharma, “The T Factor in Indian Dentistry,” Express Healthcare Management,www.expresshealthcaremgmt.com/200608/market01.shtml, accessed September9, 2006.16. The study included some 17,000 travelers from 1996 to 2004. It was reportedby David Constantine, “Travelers’ Illnesses: The Souvenirs Nobody Wants,”New York Times, January 17, 2006.17. Wattana Janjaroen and Siripen Supakankunti, “International Trade in HealthServices in the Millennium: the Case of Thailand,” in WHO, Trade in HealthServices: Global, Regional and Country Perspectives (Washington, DC: PanAmerican Health Organization, 2002), p. 97.18. Francisco Leon, “The Case of the Chilean Health System, 1983–2000,” inWHO, Trade in Health Services.19. Economist, December 10, 2005, p. 73.20. Philippe Legrain, Open World: The Truth About Globalization (London: Abacus,2002), p. 108.21. There is demand for a new type of tourism—hurricane tours—for storm chasingexperiences in southern Florida. Miami Herald, March 23, 2006.22. Cited in Donald Lundberg, Mink Stavenga, and M. Krishnamoorthy, TourismEconomics (New York: Wiley, 1995), p. 3.23. Johanson, “Health, Wellness Focus,” p. 26.24. Indepth: Health Care, “Medical Tourism: Need Surgery, Will Travel,” CBCNews Online, June 18, 2005.
196 ● Notes25. New York Times, December 20, 2005.26. The diagnosis takes place at the Medlink Response Center in Phoenix, Arizona.Wall Street Journal, April 11, 2006.27. Songphan Singkaew and Songyot Chaichana, “The Case of Thailand,”in UNCTAD-WHO Joint Publication, International Trade in Health Services,p. 242.28. Leon, “The Case of the Chilean Health System,” p. 171.29. San Diego Dialogue Report (1994, p. 30) cited in Jorge Augusto ArredondoVega, “The Case of the Mexico-United States Border Area,” in UNCTAD-WHO Joint Publication, International Trade in Health Services: A DevelopmentPerspective (Geneva: UN, 1998), p. 164.30. Mandalit del Barco, “Low-Cost Medical Care in Mexico Under Scrutiny,” AllThings Considered, NPR, September 27, 2005. Also, see chapter 6 for a discussionof U.S. health insurance in California’s border zones for coverage inMexico’s health centers.31. Vega, “The Case of the Mexico-United States Border Area,” p. 162.32. Orvill Adams and Colette Kinnon, “A Public Health Perspective,” in UNCTAD-WHO Joint Publication, International Trade in Health Services, p. 39.33. Chile News, “Exporting Good Health,” accessed March 21, 2006, www.segogob.cl/archivos/ChileNews73.pdf.34. Cited in World Bank, Sustaining India’s Services Revolution: Access to ForeignMarkets, Domestic Reform and International Negotiations, South Asia Region:India (World Bank, 2004), p. 2535. Ivy Teh and Calvin Chu, “Supplementing Growth with Medical Tourism,” AsiaPacific Biotech News (Special Report: Medical Tourism) 9, no. 8 (2005): p. 306.36. Financial Times, July 2, 2003.37. New York Times, September 9, 2002.38. Financial Times, July 2, 2003.39. Ibid.40. People, June 19, 2006; and Time, May 29, 2006.41. Marvin Cetron, Fred DeMicco, and Owen Davies, Hospitality 2010. The Futureof Hospitality and Travel (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006),p. 204.42. ABC Radio National—Background Briefing: 20 February 2005, Medical Tourism.www.abc.net.au/rr/talks/bbing/stories/s1308505.htm, accessed January 4, 2006.43. New York Times, February 16, 2006.44. R. Glenn Hubbard, John F. Cogan, and Daniel P. Kessler, “Healthy, Wealthy,and Wise,” Wall Street Journal, May 4, 2004; and American Enterprise Institutefor Public Policy Research, www.aei.org/news20443, May 4, 2004.45. Marc Miringoff and Marque-Luisa Miringoff, The Social Health of the Nation(New York: Oxford University Press, 1991): pp. 92–97.46. http://www.hotelschool.cornell.edu/CHR/industrynews/detail.html?sid17869&pid=10031&formatprint, accessed September 30, 2005.47. Aaditya Mattoo and Randeep Rathindran, “How Health Insurance InhibitsTrade in Health Care: Eliminating the Current Bias in Health Plans Against
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196 ● Notes25. New York Times, December 20, 2005.26. The diagnosis takes place at the Medl<strong>in</strong>k Response Center <strong>in</strong> Phoenix, Arizona.Wall Street Journal, April 11, 2006.27. Songphan S<strong>in</strong>gkaew and Songyot Chaichana, “The Case of Thailand,”<strong>in</strong> UNCTAD-WHO Jo<strong>in</strong>t Publication, International Trade <strong>in</strong> Health Services,p. 242.28. Leon, “The Case of the Chilean Health System,” p. 171.29. San Diego Dialogue Report (1994, p. 30) cited <strong>in</strong> Jorge Augusto ArredondoVega, “The Case of the Mexico-United States Border Area,” <strong>in</strong> UNCTAD-WHO Jo<strong>in</strong>t Publication, International Trade <strong>in</strong> Health Services: A DevelopmentPerspective (Geneva: UN, 1998), p. 164.30. Mandalit del Barco, “Low-Cost <strong>Medical</strong> Care <strong>in</strong> Mexico Under Scrut<strong>in</strong>y,” AllTh<strong>in</strong>gs Considered, NPR, September 27, 2005. Also, see chapter 6 for a discussionof U.S. health <strong>in</strong>surance <strong>in</strong> California’s border zones for coverage <strong>in</strong>Mexico’s health centers.31. Vega, “The Case of the Mexico-United States Border Area,” p. 162.32. Orvill Adams and Colette K<strong>in</strong>non, “A Public Health Perspective,” <strong>in</strong> UNCTAD-WHO Jo<strong>in</strong>t Publication, International Trade <strong>in</strong> Health Services, p. 39.33. Chile News, “Export<strong>in</strong>g Good Health,” accessed March 21, 2006, www.segogob.cl/archivos/ChileNews73.pdf.34. Cited <strong>in</strong> World Bank, Susta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g India’s Services Revolution: Access to ForeignMarkets, Domestic Reform and International Negotiations, South Asia Region:India (World Bank, 2004), p. 2535. Ivy Teh and Calv<strong>in</strong> Chu, “Supplement<strong>in</strong>g Growth with <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Tourism</strong>,” AsiaPacific Biotech News (Special Report: <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Tourism</strong>) 9, no. 8 (2005): p. 306.36. F<strong>in</strong>ancial Times, July 2, 2003.37. New York Times, September 9, 2002.38. F<strong>in</strong>ancial Times, July 2, 2003.39. Ibid.40. People, June 19, 2006; and Time, May 29, 2006.41. Marv<strong>in</strong> Cetron, Fred DeMicco, and Owen Davies, Hospitality 2010. The Futureof Hospitality and Travel (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006),p. 204.42. ABC Radio National—Background Brief<strong>in</strong>g: 20 February 2005, <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Tourism</strong>.www.abc.net.au/rr/talks/bb<strong>in</strong>g/stories/s1308505.htm, accessed January 4, 2006.43. New York Times, February 16, 2006.44. R. Glenn Hubbard, John F. Cogan, and Daniel P. Kessler, “Healthy, Wealthy,and Wise,” Wall Street Journal, May 4, 2004; and American Enterprise Institutefor Public Policy Research, www.aei.org/news20443, May 4, 2004.45. Marc Mir<strong>in</strong>goff and Marque-Luisa Mir<strong>in</strong>goff, The Social Health of the Nation(New York: Oxford University Press, 1991): pp. 92–97.46. http://www.hotelschool.cornell.edu/CHR/<strong>in</strong>dustrynews/detail.html?sid17869&pid=10031&formatpr<strong>in</strong>t, accessed September 30, 2005.47. Aaditya Mattoo and Randeep Rath<strong>in</strong>dran, “How Health Insurance InhibitsTrade <strong>in</strong> Health Care: Elim<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g the Current Bias <strong>in</strong> Health Plans Aga<strong>in</strong>st