Medical Tourism in Developing Countries

Notes ● 19340. UNCTAD Secretariat, “International Trade in Health Services: Difficulties andOpportunities for Developing Countries,” in UNCTAD International Trade inHealth Services, p. 5.41. Ibid, pp. 11–12.42. J. Diamond, “International Tourism and the Developing Countries: a CaseStudy in Failure,” Economica Internazionale, 27, no. 3–4, 1974.43. Woodward et al., “Globalization, Global Public Goods and Health,” p. 5.44. World Bank, Sustaining India’s Services Revolution, pp. 17–18.45. The Harrod-Domar model is named after two economists, Roy Harrod andEvesey Domar who concurrently, but separately, developed the theory in the1950s.46. Arthur Lewis, “Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour,”The Manchester School 22 (1954); and Albert Hirshman, The Strategy ofEconomic Development (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1958).47. Gerald Meier and James Rauch, Leading Issues in Economic Development, 8th ed.(New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 293.48. Robert Lucas, “On the Mechanics of Economic Development,” Journal ofMonetary Economics 22, no. 1 (1988); and Paul Romer, “Increasing Returns andLong Run Growth,” Journal of Political Economy 94, no. 5 (1986).49. G. M. Grossman and E. Helpman, “Endogenous Innovations in the Theory ofGrowth,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 8 (1994).50. According to the UNWTO, tourism is more labor intensive than manufacturing,although not as much as agriculture (David Diaz Benavides and Ellen Perez-Ducy, eds., “Background Note by the OMT/WTO Secretariat,” Tourism in theLeast Developed Countries (Madrid: UNWTO, 2001)).51. Anil Markandya, Tim Taylor, and Suzette Pedroso, “Tourism and SustainableDevelopment: Lessons From Recent World Bank Experience,” www.pigliaru.it/chia/markandya.pdf, pp. 10–12, accessed January 20, 2005.52. Benavides and Perez-Ducy, “Background Note.”53. See, among others, Paul Baran, The Political Economy of NeoColonialism(London: Heineman, 1975); Hans Singer, “Dualism Revisited: A New Approachto the Problems of Dual Societies in Developing Countries,” Journal ofDevelopment Studies 7 (January 1970); Keith Griffin and John Gurley, “RadicalAnalysis of Imperialism, the Third World, and the Transition to Socialism:A Survey Article,” Journal of Economic Literature 23 (September 1985);Theotonio dos Santos, “The Crisis of Development Theory and the Problemof Dependence in Latin America,” Siglo 21 (1969); and Benjamin Cohen, TheQuestion of Imperialism: The Political Economy of Dominance and Dependence(New York: Basic Books, 1973).54. Dudley Seers, Dependency Theory: A Critical Reassessment (London: FrancisPrinter, 1983), p. 97.55. S. Britton, “The Political Economy of Tourism in the Third World,” Annals ofTourism Research 9, no. 3 (1982).56. C. Michael Hall and Hazel Tucker, eds., Tourism and Postcolonialism (London:Routledge, 2004).