Medical Tourism in Developing Countries

192 ● Notes21. Woodward et al., “Globalization, Global Public Goods and Health,” p. 8.22. Donald Reid, Tourism, Globalization and Development (London: Pluto Press,2003), p. 3; and Frances Brown, Tourism Assessed: Blight or Blessing? (Oxford,UK: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1998).23. John Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London: Routledge,2001), p. 2.24. Economic growth is simply defined as an increase in income per capita. Itcomes about from an increased use of resources, principally land, labor, andcapital. Also, when economic development occurs, there is a change in what isproduced, how it is produced, where it is produced, and who produces it.During economic development, an increase in income per capita is achieved bythe widespread application of innovative technology to the production process(that serves to make inputs more productive and/or change the way in whichthey are used in the production function).25. World Bank, Sustaining India’s Services Revolution: Access to Foreign Markets,Domestic Reform and International Negotiations, South Asia Region: India(World Bank, 2004), p. 3.26. M. Thea Sinclair and Mike Stabler, The Economics of Tourism (London: Routledge,1997), p. 143.27. Woodward et al., “Globalization, Global Public Goods and Health,” p. 3.28. World Bank, Sustaining India’s Services Revolution, p. 3.29. Rudolf Adlung and Antonia Carzaniga, “Health Services under the GeneralAgreement on Trade Services,” in WHO, Trade in Health Services, p. 13.30. Wall Street Journal, September 28, 2005.31. World Bank, Sustaining India’s Services Revolution, p. 12.32. See review by Rashmi Banga, “Trade and Foreign Direct Investment in Services:A Review,” (Working Paper 154, Indian Council for Research on InternationalEconomic Relations, New Delhi, 2005).33. Ibid.34. Nancy Birdsall, preface to Millions Saved: Proven Successes in Global Health byRuth Levine (Washington: Center for Global Development, 2004), p. ix.35. See, for example, Hla Myint’s pioneering work, The Economics of the DevelopingCountries, 4th ed. (London: Hutchinson, 1973).36. David Dollar and Art Kray, “Trade, Growth and Poverty.” Finance and Development,July 28, 2005. The article argues that international trade and economic growth arethe most likely ways of reducing poverty.37. The success of these countries in the aftermath of the 1977 financial crisis isdiscussed in Victor Mattel, The Trouble with Tigers: The Rise and Fall of South-East Asia (New York: HarperCollins, 1999); and Ross McLeod and RossGarnaut eds., East Asia in Crisis: From Being a Miracle to Needing One? (London:Routledge, 1998).38. Indrani Gupta, Bishwanath Goldar, and Arup Mitra, “The Case of India,” inUNCTAD International Trade in Health Services, p. 227.39. World Bank, “Tourism in Africa,” Findings Report #22617, Environmental,Rural and Social Development Newsletter, July 2001.