Medical Tourism in Developing Countries

Notes ● 1916. eTurbo News, WWW.ETURBONEWS.COM, accessed March 27, 2005; WorldTravel and Tourism Council, WWW.TRAVELWIRENEWS.COM/NEWS/28MAR2005HTM, accessed March 28, 2005.7. David Diaz Benavides and Ellen Perez-Ducy, Tourism in the Least DevelopedCountries (Madrid: UNWTO, 2001).8. Cynthia Enloe, Bananas, Beaches and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of InternationalPolitics (London: Pandora, 1990), p. 32.9. Indrani Gupta, Bishwanath Goldar, and Arup Mitra, “The Case of India,” inUNCTAD-WHO Joint Publication, International Trade in Health Services:A Development Perspective (Geneva: UN, 1998), p. 227.10. Chi Kin (Bennet) Yim, “Healthcare Destinations in Asia” (research note, Asia CaseResearch Center, University of Hong Kong, 2006), www.acrc.org.hk/promotional/promotional_shownote.asp?caseref=863, accessed January 30, 2006.11. Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the WorldOrder (New York: Touchstone, 1997).12. Robert Kaplan, The Coming Anarchy (New York: Random House, 2000). Asimilar view was presented in Zbigniew Brzezinski’s book, Out of Control:Global Turmoil on the Eve of the 21st Century (New York: Scribner, 1993).13. Thomas P. M. Barnett and Henry H. Gaffney Jr., “Global Transaction Strategy,”Foreign Policy Review, March 2005, p. 18.14. Martin Heisler, roundtable discussion, International Studies Association annualmeetings, Los Angeles, March 16, 2000; and Thomas Friedman, The World isFlat (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005).15. Nancy Birdsall and Robert Z. Lawrence, “Deep Integration and TradeAgreements: Good for Developing Countries?” in Global Public Goods, ed. IngeKaul, Isabelle Grunberg, and Marc Stern (New York: Oxford University Pressfor the UNDP, 1999), p. 129.16. D. Held and others, Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture(Cambridge: Polity Press, 1999); and F. Lechner and J. Boli, eds., TheGlobalization Reader (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000).17. It must be noted, however, that the degree of global integration has not grownconstantly over the past century. High trade barriers of the 1920s and 1930sprevented that, as did immigration controls, bans on foreign investments insome countries, and bans on cultural exchanges. Many of these politicallyinduced interferences reduced the potential of international exchange duringthis century.18. See Peter Slater, Workers Without Frontiers. The Impact of Globalization onInternational Migration (Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner, 2000), pp. 6–8.19. Clyde Prestowitz, Three Billion New Capitalists (New York: Basic Books, 2005),p. 16.20. David Woodward et al., “Globalization, Global Public Goods and Health,” inWHO, Trade in Health Services: Global, Regional and Country Perspectives(Washington, D.C.: Pan American Health Organization, Program on PublicPolicy and Health, Division of Health and Human Development, 2002), p. 6.