Medical Tourism in Developing Countries

190 ● Notes60. Emerging markets include former Soviet Union or Soviet bloc countries as wellas developing countries that are undergoing rapid rates of economic growth. Ofthe emerging markets recently featured in a Harvard Business Review study,Argentina, Chile, India, and South Africa are included in this book (TarunKhanna and Krishna Palepu “Emerging Giants” Harvard Business Review,October 2006, p. 62). The BRIC group of countries, considered the new economicpowerhouses, consist of Brazil, Russia, India and China. India is part ofthis study.61. Chanda explains this fact by the presence of external and internal barriers(Chanda, “Trade in Health Services,” (CMH), p. 40).62. Dubai Healthcare City, “About DHCC,” www.dhcc.ae, accessed June 15, 2006.63. Friedman, The World is Flat ; and Prestowitz, Three Billion New Capitalists.64. Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers (New York: Random House,1987).65. Economist, January 21, 2006, pp. 69–70.66. These changing demarcations require a change in terminology. We can nolonger use the term “third world” because, with the end of the Cold War, thefirst and second worlds no longer exist and with their disappearance, the conceptof a third world has become meaningless. Perhaps the World Bank term,“emerging economies,” might be appropriate, given the growth rates of manydeveloping countries, especially those under study. However, that term includesthe countries of the former Soviet bloc and Soviet Union, all with hugely differentlegacies and potentials. The terminology issue remains unresolved asscholars continue to refer to developing countries by a variety of names.67. Milica Z. Bookman, Tourists, Migrants and Refugees: Population Movements inThird World Development (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2006), chap. 1.68. Donald Lundberg, Mink Stavenga, and M. Krishnamoorthy, Tourism Economics(New York: Wiley, 1995), p. 8.Chapter 21. Mike Robinson, foreword in Niche Tourism, ed. Marina Novelli (Oxford:Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004), p. xix. The transformative power oftourism, discussed in the literature, is amplified in medical tourism becausetransformation takes place both at the level of the imagination as well asthe body.2. World Bank Group, “World Bank Revisits Role of Tourism in Development,”Trade Research 17, no. 12, (1998).3. Cited in Deborah McLaren, Rethinking Tourism and Ecotravel, 2nd ed.(Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, 2003)4. Donald Lundberg, Mink Stavenga, and M. Krishnamoorthy, Tourism Economics(New York: John Wiley, 1995), p. ix.5. Based on a study by the Wharton Economic Forecasting Association, cited inLundberg et al., Tourism Economics, p. 3.