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Volcano MonitoringTable 1. Kanlaon Volcano’s Activities in 2003Chronology of EventsThe year 2003 was a very busy andfruitful year for PHIVOLCS. Timely volcanoalerts were hoisted over Kanlaon in Negrosand Mayon Volcano in Albay. Both volcanoesproduced ash explosions although nodamage was inflicted partly because of diligentmonitoring and enhanced awareness toavoid the danger areas. While Mayon andKanlaon were spewing ash, PHIVOLCS wasalso busy outfitting new radio-telemeteredseismic stations in 8 active volcanoes. Inaddition to the regularly monitored 6 activevolcanoes, new seismic stations were emplacedat Mt. Parker in South Cotabato andMt. Matutum in Saranggani as part of theimprovement of earthquake and volcanomonitoring system (Phase II) project assistedby JICA.Mayon VolcanoVolcanic ActivitiesThe 2003 activity of Mayon began on30 January when a brief episode of volcanictremor occurred. This event was followed bya small steam ejection in the afternoon of 31January. No marked increase in the volcano’sactivity was observed until an explosionagain occurred on 17 March 2003. Theexplosion produced an ash and steam columnthat rose to about one kilometer abovethe summit (Figure 1). This event was recordedas a high-frequency type seismicsignal signifying a sudden release of pressure.No significant increase in the volcano’sseismicity level was noted prior to theexplosion although the sulfur dioxide emissionrate was measured at 890 tonnes perday – a value above the normal level. AlertLevel 1 was raised on the same day to remindthe public of ongoing activity and reiteratedthe 6-km Permanent Danger Zonearound the volcano.Three more episodes of ash explosionsoccurred on 5 April and 6 & 14 May. Theash ejection on 5 April rose to 1.5 km. Onthe other hand, the 14 May event was verybrief and small, the ash column rose only toless than 100 m. above the crater rim. Onlytrace ash deposits were observed alongdownwind areas NW & SW of the crater.On 7 October, faint crater glow seenonly with telescope or night vision camerawas observed (Figure 2). The glow was persistentand appeared to be sourced fromlava deposits inside the crater. Sulfur Dioxideemission rates on 9 October rose to2,386 tonnes per day (t/d) from the previousmeasurement of 1,616 t/d of 1 October(Figure 3). As a result of these observations,PHIVOLCS raised the volcano’s status toAlert Level 2 on 11 October 2003.Electronic tiltmeter readings at bothBuang Junction (elevation 250 m and 7.5km NNW of crater) and Mayon Rest House(elevation. 790 m) showed slow and mild inflationarytrends. Seismic activity wasslightly above normal. However, volcanicearthquakes and tremors rarely occurredtowards the yearend.Fig. 1. January 2001 ashexplosion at Mayon Volcano.A similar event occurredlast 17 March 2003Fig. 2. Mayon Volcano’scrater glow in March 2003as taken by a night visioncameraFig. 3. 2003 Sulfur Dioxide Emission Rate, Mayon VolcanoKanlaon VolcanoOn 7 March 2003, a mild ash andsteam emission occurred at Kanlaon. Thesteam clouds rose up to 1,000 meters aboveits summit (Figure 4). Traces of ash wereobserved at Cabagnaan located 5.5 kilometerssouth of the crater. PHIVOLCS issuedan advisory the following day notifying thepublic of the volcano’s growing unrest. Anothersmall ash ejection followed on 17March 2003. These developmentsprompted the raising of the alert status ofKanlaon Volcano to Level 1. After a brieflull, a minor ash explosion again occurredon 23 May. This was followed by a series ofmild explosions in June and July (Table 1).Some of these ash explosions producedDATE07 March200317 March2003TIMEHEIGHT(m)OBSERVATIONS1250H – 1300H 500 - 1000 Mild ash ejection; drift: SW;traces of ash at Cabagnaan0400H – 0600H 300 Ash ejection; drift: SETraces of ash at Cabagnaan23 May 2003 1351H – 1405H 300 – 500 Dirty white steam01 June 2003 0846H – 0858H 500 Dirty white steam drifting SE-NW03 June 2003 1002H - 1015H 500 – 700 Dirty white steam drifting NW04 June 2003 0515H – 0600H 300 – 700 Dirty white steam drifting NW07 June 2003 0519H – 0530H 500 – 1000 Ash ejection; drift SE08 June 2003 0601H – 0605H0637H – 0645H09 June 2003 0604H – 0605H0637H – 0645H0843H – 0854H10 June 2003 0607H – 0612H0705H – 0710H1421H – 1435500 – 1000 Ash ejection; drift: SE;traces of ash at Canlaon Cityproper, Upper Mananawin, Masulog,Linothangan, Alebabay & Lucap500 – 1000 Dirty white steam drifting SE500 – 1000 Dirty white steam drifting SE11 June 2003 0551H – 0600H 1000 Dirty white steam drifting SSE1804H – 1825H 500 – 1000 Dirty white steam drifting SE12 June 2003 0730H, 0750H, 500 – 1000 Dirty white steam drifting SE0900H,1754H – 1805H2109H – 2130H13 June 2003 0519H – 0530H 500 – 1000 Ash ejection; drift: SE0647H – 0756H 500 Ash ejection; drift: SSE, ESE;traces of ash SW of Canlaon Volcano,Masulog (8 km from thecrater), Biaknabatao (7 km), Cabagnaan(11 km), Old Fabrica (6km), Upper Mansalanao (7 km) &Sag-ang (10 km)0733H – 0740H 100 – 150 Ash ejection; drift: SE0751H – 0758H14 June 2003 0601H – 0607 300 Dirty white steam drifting SSE17 June 2003 0820H – 0835H 100 – 200 Ash ejection; drift: NNE1115H – 1130H18 June 2003 0701H – 0712H 100 – 200 Ash ejection; drift: NE;0743Hreflected as LFVQ (SX) with 41420H – 1430H 100 – 400 mm MDA01 July 2003 0641H – 0650H 100 - 150 Dirty white steam drifting SW03 July 2003* 1543H – 1548H 700 - 1000 Dirty white steam drifting SE-SW1549H – 1557H 500 - 700 Dirty white steam drifting SW04 July 2003* 0515H – 0522H 700 – 900 Ash ejection; drift: NW10 July 2003 1735H – 1748H 1000 Ash ejection; drift: SW-NE, NW11 July 2003 0620H – 0624H 1000 –1300 Dirty white steam drifting SW0658H – 0705H 600 - 80013 July 2003 0555H – 0604H 1300-1500 Ash ejection; drift: NW, SW0613H – 0650H 600 - 800 Ash ejection: drift: NW14 July 2003 0506H – 0510H 800 – 1100 Ash ejection; drift: SW0615H – 0622H 600 - 80019 July 2003 0803H – 0810H 500 - 800 Dirty white steam drifting SE &NE20 July 2003 1515H – 1525H 800 - 1000 Ash ejection; drifting SE & NE1526H – 1540H 500 - 700 Ash ejection; drifting SE & NE23 July 2003 1418H - 1425 600 - 800 Ash ejection; drift: NW & SEACTIONTAKEN/REMARKSAdvisory issued on 08March 2003Advisory issued (0800H)Alert Level 1 raised(1400H)Alert Level 1 reiteratedAlert Level 1 reiterated*Moderate dirty white steam rising 700-900 m & drifting NW was observed from 1513H (03 July) – 0520H (04 July)at Cabagnaan station.

vertical ash-laden steam columns as high as1,500 meters above the volcano’s summit.The volcano’s latest explosion on 23 Julyalso produced a similar-sized ash column.This event was followed by a decline in thevolcano’s activity.Seismic activity remained slightlyabove normal, dominated by low frequencytypeearthquakes. An increase in the dailyoccurrence of volcanic earthquake countswas noticed from mid January to July 2003.Epicenters of some high frequency typeevents were located near the active craterand occurred from shallow depths to 18kilometers. From June to July, an increasein the number of recorded low frequencytypevolcanic earthquakes and low frequencyshort duration tremor dominated theseismic activity of the volcano. This markedincrease coincided with the episodes ofphreatic explosions from 01 June to 23 July2003. After the 23 July ash explosion, seismicand steaming activities returned to lowlevels.In summary, forty-six (46) minor ashejections occurred in 2003. These explosionswere characterized by steam emissionwith minor amounts of ash that rose from100 to 1,500 meters above the active crater.The prevailing wind dispersed traces of ashmainly to the southwest and southeast sectorsand settled predominantly over the middleand upper slopes of the volcano. Onlytraces of ashes were observed atKanlaon City proper, Masulog, UpperMananawin, Alibabay, Lucap, Biak-na-bato,Cabacungan, Sitio Old Fabrica, Cabagnaan,Upper Mansalanao, Sag-ang, Guinpanaan,Manghagnoy, Guintubdan, and Linothangan(Figure 5).Throughout the end of the year, thealert status of Kanlaon Volcano remained atLevel 1. Although seismic activity had declinedto low levels since October, low frequencyvolcanic earthquakes occasionallyoccurred which signify the possibility of suddenexplosions.Fig. 4. Ash explosion at Kanlaon Volcano on 07 March 2003. The ash column rose toas high as 1000 m above the summit.Pinatubo VolcanoPinatubo Volcano was quiet throughout2003. Volcanic earthquakes rarely occurredand steaming was not observed. Also, nosignificant lahar flow event was also detectedor reported.Bulusan VolcanoBulusan Volcano remained quiet duringthe entire 2003. Steaming activity variedfrom wispy to weak and temperature readingsof hotsprings were within baseline level.Seismic activity was also unremarkable asno significant volcanic earthquake occurredand very low seismicity prevailed.Taal VolcanoTaal Volcano was quiet and normal allthroughout the year. Monitoring data indicatedthat Taal Volcano’s level of activityremained low. These were shown by lowlevels of local seismicity and stable thermalvalues of the Main Crater Lake and MountTabaro Eruption Site. Other monitored parametersalso did not show any significantchanges.Temperatures from the Main CraterLake were constantly within the baselinelevel, usually from 29 to 30 0 C. The color ofthe Crater Lake did not change indicatingthe absence of agitation at the lake’s floor orturnover. Only minor bubbling was observedalong the northern shore. Thermalactivity at the 1999 reactivated vent, locatedat the NE sector of the Main Crater Lake,was unremarkable as only very weak steamemission was observed. Thermal values obtainedfrom ground probe holes #1 to #6 atMt Tabaro eruption site were also within theusual values measured during quiet andnormal periods (26 0 C to 30 0 C).Hibok-Hibok VolcanoHibok-Hibok Volcano in Camiguin Island,Northern Mindanao was also veryquiet. As in previous years, the volcano observatoryseismograph rarely detected volcanicearthquakes. No unusual volcanorelatedactivity was also observed or reported.Steam emission at the volcano's uppersoutheast slope and at KanangkaanLava Flow was generally weak to nil.Fig. 5. Extent of areas affected by ashfalls from Kanlaon Volcano in June 2003

Earthquake MonitoringFor the year 2003, the 34-stationseismic network of PHIVOLCS recorded atotal of 8,915 earthquakes for an average of24 earthquakes recorded per day.The year also marked the installation ofremote seismic stations and provision ofbroadband sensors in selected mannedseismicstations as part of the JICA assistedproject.Seismicity for 2003 and SignificantEarthquakesThe network recorded a total of 8,915earthquakes for an average of 24 earthquakesrecorded per day. The parameters(epicenter,magnitude and depth) of approximately11% of this number were determined.Figure 6 shows the seismicity ofthe Philippines for the year 2003 as determinedby the PHIVOLCS seismic network.147 earthquake bulletins were also issued tothe public. The three strongest earthquakes(with magnitude 6 and above) for 2003 occurredin Masbate, southwest Cotabato andSamar.M 6.2 Masbate Earthquake, 15 February2003A magnitude (Ms) 6.2 earthquakestruck the southern part of Masbate Islandon February 15. It was associated with a 18-km long ground rupture onland. The epicenterwas about 27 km SE of Masbate, Masbate.It was felt at Intensity VII in the Masbatetown of Dimasalang, Intensity VI in thetowns of Masbate, Intensity V in Irosin, Sorsogonand Legaspi City, Intensity IV in Palo,Naga, Intensity III in Cebu, Intensity II in Anini-y,Antique and Intensity I in Lezo, Aklan.The Office of Civil Defense (OCD) estimateddamage cost of about nine million pesos(see inset report on Masbate QRT).M 6.8 Earthquake SW Cotabato, 26May 2003The biggest earthquake in terms of sizefor the year was on May 26. This event hada surface magnitude (Ms) of 6.8 and its epicentrallocation was at about 114 km SW ofCotabato City. Its depth was 562 km andhence, was felt only at a maximum of IntensityIII in the town of Sulu in Jolo province.Fig. 6. 2003 seimicity and signicant earthquakesM 6.6 Can-Avid Eastern Samar, 19November 2003The second biggest earthquake happenedon November 19. This damaged thetown of Can-Avid in Eastern Samar. Its epicenterwas about 69 km NE of Borongan,Samar. Its depth was shallow-seated at 45km. Its magnitude (Ms) was 6.6. It was alsofelt at Intensity VII in Can-Avid, Samar, IntensityVI in Borongan, Samar, Intensity V inCatbalogan and Calbayog, also in Samar island,Intensity IV in Catarman, Samar and inPalo, Leyte, Intensity II in Legaspi and LapulapuCities. According to the OCD, one persondied and 17 others were injured. OCDalso estimated its damage cost to be about23 million pesos.Masbate EarthquakeA Ms 6.2 earthquake struck Masbateprovince at 7:01 PM of 15 Feburary 2003.The earthquake was located offshore atMagcaraguit Island (12.2N, 123.8E), approximately28 km east of Masbate City withdepth of 28 kilometers. The quake was feltall over the island of Masbate including thenearby provinces of Bicol, Leyte, Panay,Cebu, Negros and Romblon.With the initial report of damages submittedby Masbate Seismic Station, a QuickResponse Team (QRT) was deployed toMasbate Island on 18 February to evaluatethe extent of earthquake-related damages inthe province. The team verified and mappedthe reported ground rupture, conducted intensitysurvey, disseminated correct informationregarding the event and installed additionalseismographs to monitor aftershocksof the Ms 6.2 earthquake.The earthquake was associated withan 18-km long ground rupture onland, whichtransected several barangays ofEpicenter of the main shockQRT InvestigationDimasalang, Palanas and Cataingan. Someschool buildings, roads, bridges and riverflood control structures sustained damagesestimated to be about nine million pesos.A comprehensive QRT Report of Investigationwas submitted by the team to theProvince of Masbate after the 10-day investigation.Some of the recommendations in thereport are the following:• Detailed mapping of the whole February2003 ground rupture and continuousmeasurements of the horizontaland vertical displacements to monitorpossible post earthquake deformation;• Installation of permanent benchmarksalong the Masbate Segment where futuremovement will be measured moreextensively;• Encourage the local populace to markthe location of the ground rupture as areminder of the active fault location andprevent future inhabitants in constructinghouses within the 5mbufferzone from the active faultor from the deformation causedby the ground rupture;• More intensive information campaignin Masbate Island to allayfears of future large magnitudeearthquakes;• Establish links with local barangayofficials in noting time anddate of felt earthquakes in theirlocalities;• Immediate and thorough studyon the structural soundness of allstructures, both engineered andnon-engineered, by the concernedauthorities;• Active participation of the DisasterCoordinating Councils from alllevels in terms of disaster preparednessprior to large eventsand rapid damage assessmentafter a large magnitude earthquakesimilar to the 15 February 2003;• Identification of evacuation sites andevacuation routes so that local inhabitantswould know where to go in caseof major earthquakes or whenever theneed arises that they have to evacuatetheir residence.Displaced coconut tree found in Bgy. Matugnaw,Palanas (above photo, looking SE). Alsomanifested along the ground rupture in thisarea were mole tracks (below photo)

Operation and Maintenance of theDigital Seismic Telemetry Network ofMetro ManilaMetro Manila, as the country's premierpolitical and economic capital, is also proneto earthquake hazards. At present, thepopulation of Metro Manila is 10 million andthis continues to rise. An active fault, theValley Fault System (VFS), cuts it in an almostnortherly fashion. Other earthquakesource zones that caused past damagessurround the metropolis, too. Thus, a radiotelemeteredseismic network in Metro Manilawas established in 1992 and is beingmaintained by PHIVOLCS. With this telemeterednetwork for Metro Manila, it is hopedthat PHIVOLCS will be able to detect possibleforeshocks that may originate from anyof the nearby earthquake source zonesaround Metro Manila. Hopefully, before anyof these earthquake source zones especiallythe VFS move in the future, the stations willbe able to detect these foreshocks andPHIVOLCS can use this information to givesound advise and warning to the public.The remote stations are located at Norzagaray,Bulacan, Mt. Natib, Puerto Azul, LosBanos with a central receiving station at theMain Office. For the year, the network datawere also used in the parameter determinationto augment the data of the nationalseismic network.Operation and maintenance of ComprehensiveNuclear Test Ban Treaty(CTBTO) Auxilliary StationFor the year 2003, PHIVOLCS operatedand maintained the 2 seismic stationsand 1 radio-relayed station for the ComprehensiveTest Ban Treaty (CTBTO) to whichthe Philippines is a signatory. The TagaytaySeismic Station maintains the STS-2 broadbandseismograph and a VSAT antennafrom CTBTO.PHIVOLCS-JICA – Project on the Improvementof the Earthquake and Volcano Monitoring Networkof the Philippines (PHASE II)The Phase II of the JICA-supported project “Improvement of the Earthquake andVolcano Monitoring Network of the Philippines” continued this year. This project aimsto upgrade the seismic and volcano monitoring network of the Philippines. UnlikePhase I, which concentrated on the improvement of the regional seismic network,Phase II includes a major augmentation of the country’s volcano monitoring systems.Earthquake MonitoringThis project directly benefits the seismic monitoring network as it will increasesignificantly the number of seismic stations within one year’s time. From 1990 to2000, the number of manned station rose only from 12 to 34. With the JICA Phase IIproject, the total number would almost double from 34 to 64. Aside from this, no additionalmanpower would be needed as the new seismic stations will be unmannedand data will be sent out automatically via satellite communications. To ensuresafety of the instruments, memoranda of agreement between PHIVOLCS and theappropriate lot owners were prepared and finalized in the early part of the year. Byend of 2003, 26 remote stations had been installed and had started to transmit seismicdata to the Data Receiving Center (DRC) of the Main Office. The JICA projectalso established additional broadband stations. By end of 2003, new broadband instrumentshad been established in seven, manned seismic stations (Pasuquin, Tagbilaran,Puerto Princesa, Bislig, Palo, Cagayan de Oro and Roxas City). Severaltrainings were held in various aspects of seismology, data processing, managementand analysis and in instrumentation operation and maintenance. More importantly, toensure that PHIVOLCS will continue to deliver its mandates to the public even if theMain Office building is damaged by any disaster in the future, a mirror station wasdeveloped at Tagaytay Seismic Station that shall contain seismic equipment andsoftware similar to the setup at the Data Receiving Center.Volcano MonitoringProject Phase IIA was highlighted by the delivery of a package comprised bythirty sets of 3-component short-period seismometers, 10 electronic tiltmeters and 10dual-frequency GPS receivers. Included in this project phase was the outfitting of oneseismic observation point each for the active volcanoes Mt. Parker and Mt. Matutumin Mindanao. However, the major activity for Phase IIB was the establishment of abasic three-seismic station monitoring system for Taal, Pinatubo, Mayon, Bulusan,Kanlaon and Hibok-Hibok. Each new monitoring network is complemented by a completedata acquisition, reduction and processing system in the respective volcano observatories.Among the many new features of this sophisticated volcano data processingsystem is the employment of spread spectrum radio-telemetry effectively configuredas a wireless Local Area Network. Each volcano observatory has moderncomputer facilities designed to be reliable, automated, energy-saving and environmentally-friendly.JICA Phase II seismic monitoringsystem at El Nido,PalawanJICA Phase II volcano monitoringsystem at KanlaonVolcano

S&T ServicesPHIVOLCS continued to provide serviceto the public by continuing with itsseismic data management. For 2003, 147earthquake bulletins and 89 volcano bulletinswere issued. A total of 32 request lectureswere attended to by PHIVOLCS technicalpersonnel.Seismic Data Processing and Managementand Volcano and EarthquakeHazards AssessmentPHIVOLCS continued with its managementand processing of seismic datawith the following aims: (1) determine earthquakeparameters (epicenter, depth andmagnitude) using data from the Philippineseismic network; (2) maintain an updatedearthquake catalog; (3) attend to earthquakedata requests and maintain seismic data exchangewith international seismological institutions.This acitivity ensures the systematicand efficient processing and management ofthe data generated by the PHIVOLCS seismicmonitoring network. The processeddata are stored in a systematically formattedearthquake catalog for easy sorting and retrievalby future users.For 2003, PHIVOLCS attended to 134data requests. Ninety one percent (91%) ofthe data requests were for seismicity mapsand catalogs while 19% were for certificationsof earthquake occurrences. In termsof clientele, 52% came from the privatecompanies, 25% were from students and23% were from government agencies (Figure7). The project also produced a hardboundcompilation of earthquake data whichincludes phase readings, earthquake locationsand solutions, seismicity maps and focalmechanism solutions for the Philippines.A CD-ROM of seismic waveforms has alsobeen compiled for use of future researchers.In addition, PHIVOLCS also attendedto 148 requests for earthquake catalogueand maps, as well as 24 earthquakeoccurrence certifications. Furthermore, a totalof 301 certifications related to lahar andactive faults were issued.Promotion of Geologic HazardsAwareness and PreparednessThe year 2003 is another active yearfor the promotion of hazards awareness andpreparedness. PHIVOLCS continued with itsthrust and mandates on public educationthrough various activities that include theorganization of one internally-funded seminar-workshopfor teachers, production of six(6) new printed materials and reprinting ofvarious previously produced PHIVOLCSmaterials. In addition, four new sets of exhibitsabout earthquakes and volcanoeswere put up.Lectures/ Film showing on Disaster PreparednessThe PHIVOLCS main office hosted 114in-house lectures, attended by a total of7,484 students and teachers from variousschools in and outside Metro Manila. In addition,PHIVOLCS Staff from the main officeattended to 22 requests for lectures on volcanoand earthquake preparedness. Meanwhile,187 requests for lectures were attendedto by our personnel from variousfield stations (Table 2).Fig. 7. Distribution of SOEPD clientele for 2003.Seminars/Trainings/ Workshops on DisasterPreparedness: Seminar-Workshopfor TeachersA Seminar-Workshop for SchoolTeachers: Understanding Natural Hazardswas held at the PHIVOLCS Receiving Roomon May 22-23, 2003. Twenty eight (28) highschool teachers from Metro Manila and onescience teacher from Pangasinan participatedin the seminar-workshop. The workshopwas organized to (1) help strengthenthe role of teachers in the promotion of disasterawareness, preparedness and mitigationamong students, (2) familiarize participantson the concepts of natural hazards,disaster, disaster awareness, preparednessand mitigation; (3) familiarize the participantswith basic underlying concepts andtheories about geologic and meteorologichazards; and (4) to develop strategies andways of teaching natural hazards (Figure 8).Fig. 8. Teachers’ seminar on Natural Hazards.ExhibitsFor the year 2003, the following exhibitswere put up:1. National Science and TechnologyWeek Exhibit (NSTW) (Philippine TradeTraining Center, 14-18 July)2. Permanent Exhibit at the Masbate Station(Figure 9)3. Mini-exhibit at Palo, Leyte Station4. Davao-DOST ExhibitThe exhibit group refurbished the displayset at Taal Volcano Buco Station andparticipated in NSTW Fair Exhibit for MindanaoCluster (October 2003). In addition,PHIVOLCS attended to six (6) requests toborrow our mobile exhibit set for school sciencefairs and other institutions or agenciessuch as United Nations Development Programmeamong others.RegionsTable 2. PHIVOLCS LECTURES FOR 2003Field StationsNo. oflecturesattended/StationTotalno. oflectures/RegionNational Capital Region Main Office, UP Campus Diliman Q.C. 136 136Region I IlocosRegion II Cagayan ValleyPasuquin Seismic StationSanta Seismic StationCallao Seismic StationBasco Seismic StationCAR Cordillera Administrative Region Baguio Seismic Station 23 23Region III Central Luzon Palayan Seismic Station 7 7Region IV Southern TagalogGuinyangan Seismic StationLucban Seismic StationPuerto Princesa Seismic StationTagaytay Seismic StationPuerto Galera Seismic StationRegion V Bicol Masbate Seismic Station 12 12Region VI Western VisayasRegion VII Central VisayasAntique Seismic StationKalibo Seismic StationRoxas Seismic StationLapu-Lapu Seismic StationSibulan Seismic StationTagbilaran Seismic StationRegion VIII Eastern Visayas Palo Seismic Station 11 11Region IX Western MindanaoRegion X Northern MindanaoDipolog Seismic StationZamboanga Seismic StationDavao City Seismic StationCagayan Seismic StationRegion XI Southern Mindanao General Santos City Seismic Station 10 10Region XII Central Mindanao Kidapawan Seismic Station 5 5Region XIII CaragaARMM Autonomous Region of MuslimMindanaoBislig Seismic StationSurigao Seismic Station1221043041133910547271805Cotabato Seismic Station 0 0TOTAL 323 323Fig. 9. PHIVOLCS exhibit at Masbate Station1411225611455PublicationsThe PHIVOLCS Publication group producedand printed the following new materials:(1) Taal Volcano Flyer (500 copies); (2)Earthquake! What to do before, during andafter an earthquake flyer (5,000 copies); (3)Safeguard Life and Investments by UnderstandingGeologic Hazards (5,000 copies);(4) Kanlaon Profile (500 copies); (5) MonitoringPhilippine Active Volcanoes: KanlaonVolcano (500 copies) and (6) Volcanic Hazardsat Kanlaon Volcano (500 copies). Theproduction of information materials forKanlaon was supported by the Grant fromNational Disaster Coordinating Council(NDCC) (Figure 10).Aside from these, the following materialswere reprinted: (1) Earthquake andEarthquake Hazards (3,000 copies); (2)PHIVOLCS Flyer (3,000 copies); (3) Philippines’Six most active Volcanoes (2,000copies). As a regular undertaking, the publicationgroup also produced the PHIVOLCSAnnual Report 2003 (50 copies) andPHIVOLCS Observer Volume 14 no. 1 (300copies), Vol 14 no. 2 is for final printing. Inaddition the PHIVOLCS publication groupwas tapped to produce the Program andAbstracts Volume for the Geological Societyof the Philippines (GSP) GEOCON 2003.PHIVOLCS also provided technical supportfor this activity.Library Services and documentation andreproduction of information materialsThe PHIVOLCS S&T Library continuedto provide information needs to various researches.In the year 2003, the library entertained505 researchers. Only subscriptionsto two international journals on volcanologyand seismology were made. To enrich thedatabank of the Institute, books and journalswere catalogued and database of the librarycollection was encoded.For the year, PHIVOLCS attended to346 requests mostly from students who aredoing projects for their school, for duplicationof significant photographs on earthquakeimpacts and volcanic eruptions, andvideo features on volcanoes and earthquakes.

abPHILIPPINEINSTITUTE OFGIS Laboratory Development andMaintenance for Disaster MitigationApplicationsUnder this program, the project, “ModelingLake Breakout Using TOPSAR DEM: acase study of Parker Crater Lake” was proposedfor the PCASTRD- Project. Full implementationof the project is expected in2004.The collaboration with the Hawaii Instituteof Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP),University of Hawaii at Manoa resulted tothe acquisition of available satellite datafrom HIGP in July and November and utilizationof these data for various research involvementat PHIVOLCS. Some areas werepre-processed using ENVI and cartographicallyenhanced using Adobe Photoshop.Printouts of image files were made and analyzed.The data was archived in CDs. Likewise,an assessment of the usefulness ofthe satellite data provided by HIGP was initiatedin 2003. It is hoped that the satellitedata will be useful for volcano- and earthquake-relatedactivities planned for 2004.cdDevelopment and Operation of ManagementInformation SystemThe Management Information SystemGroup (MIS Group) was formally reorganizedthis year. The improvement of thePHIVOLCS web site was the priority activityof the group. The website was designed accordingto the specifications of DOST for allDOST-attached agencies. The first uploadingof improved web site was done in themiddle of the year. The web site address iswww.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph and it containsmuch useful information about felt earthquakes,Philippine volcanoes, programs andoutputs of the Institute.The Internet protocol (IP) addresses ofthe computers of the institute were changedto private IP’s because of the installation ofa proxy server. Instead of all the client computersaccessing the Internet together, theproxy server will act as’storage’ of frequentlyaccessed web sites, so that it will not benecessary for the client computers to connectto the real origin servers. Since it ismore time consuming to connect to the realservers, the presence of a proxy server willeFig. 10. Various flyers produced by PHIVOLCS in 2003 include (a) Taal Volcano Profile; (b)Safeguarding Life and Investments by Understanding Geologic Hazards; (c) Kanlaon Profile;(d) Monitoring Philippine Active Volcanoes: Kanlaon Volcano; (e) Volcanic Hazards atKanlaon Volcano and (f) Earthquake! Don’t Panic… You must know What to do BEFORE,DURING and AFTER an earthquake.fimprove much of the speed of Internet access.A proxy server is defined as a serverthat sits between a client application, suchas a web browser, and a real server. It interceptsall requests to the real server to see ifit can fulfill the requests itself. If not, it forwardsthe request to the real server.As a replacement of dial up Internetconnection, the Digital Subscriber Line(DSL) was used. The DSL is cheaper, morereliable and faster. This service no longerrequired expensive equipment or a secondphone line. The DSL is "always on" servicethat provide instant access and do not requirea connection to be established foreach session. This gives greater reliabilityand flexibility, and has led to the ease ofInternet connection sharing by office network.This DSL connection will act as a backup in case the PREGINET connection isdown. In order for the DSL to be shared tomany computers, a DSL proxy server wasconfigured.R&D ProjectsINTERNALLY-FUNDEDRESEARCH PROJECTSFor the year 2003, PHIVOLCS carriedout 12 internally-funded research projectson volcano, earthquakes and disaster mitigation.Gas Geochemistry studies on volcanoesThe frequency of measurements of S02emission rate using Correlation Spectrometeror COSPEC was intensified at MayonVolcano after its status was assessed to beat Alert Level 1 on 17 March 2003. SulfurDioxide (SO2) flux output increased to 890tonnes per day (t/d). Since then SO2 emissionrate further increased and persistentlyremained at high levels with values of up tomore than 3,000 t/d in May. Sulfur Dioxide(SO2) flux output showed values of >2,000t/d until early December then decreased to636 t/d by 29 December 2003.Studies on water wells and springsaround Mayon VolcanoPHIVOLCS continued with its regularmonitoring of water wells around Mayon.The water level and/or flow rate of referencewells and water springs located aroundMayon Volcano were periodically measured,but data revealed no considerable relationshipbetween the on-going volcanic activityto the ground water.Spot Seismic Monitoring at unmonitoredactive and inactive volcanoesThe project was focused on seismicmonitoring of active volcanoes showingsigns of unusual activity. Outputs are in theform of Reports of Investigation and DataReduction Reports. Because of the activitiesmanifested by both Kanlaon and Mayon, foryear 2003, project activities were centeredon the seismic monitoring at Kanlaon andMayon volcanoes. The seismic activities ofboth volcanoes were closely monitored andevaluated all throughout the year.Ground Deformation Studies of ActiveVolcanoesGround deformation studies weremainly centered on Mayon Volcano. Electronictiltmeters and precise level instrumentswere used to monitor a growing unrest.The electronic tiltmeter located at thenorthwest upper slope (Buang) and atMHRO reported mild and slow changes inground tilts, probably related to new magmaintrusion. Precise leveling survey also indicatedslight inflation. However, precise levelingsurvey conducted from 03 - 14 Decemberindicated slight deflationary trend basedon previous reading.Hazards Mapping of Active Volcanoesin the PhilippinesThe long-term objective of the programis to generate hazard maps for all the activevolcanoes in the Philippines. For 2003, thetwo main output of the program were: 1)generation of GIS-based database for Taalwith proper input of the existing hazards inthe event of an eruption, and 2) the revisionof the hazard map of Parker Volcano.The Taal database project producedfour preliminary maps showing the elementsat risks and lifeline data (Figs. 11 a-d). Oncecompleted, the database will facilitate quickidentification and assessment of risks involvedaround Taal and vicinity. It will alsobe used in disaster mitigation and managementplanning down to the barangay level.The geospatial data and statistical informationused were gathered from municipaland provincial governments of Caviteand Batangas. Graphical and tabular datawere processed using ArcInfo and MapInfosoftware to form a GIS relational databasesystem. Final revision of the existing hazardmap for Parker Volcano will be completed in2004 because field verification was not possibledue to peace and order situation inMindanao.A spot survey of the geologic condition,examination of the water chemistry and interviewswere made to determine the causeof hot water discharge in some wells atBarangay Tabon, Talim Island located insidethe Laguna caldera. QRT investigation wasalso conducted to determine the nature andpossible cause of the observed damages tosome of the school buildings at Balon ElementarySchool, Balon Anito, Mariveles,Bataan. Technical paper in the form of ROIwere written for the QRT investigations.Identification and Characterization ofActive and Potentially Active Volcanoesin the PhilippinesOn the long-term, the program aims togenerate volcano-geologic maps, not onlyfor active volcanoes in the Philippines butalso for the 22 potentially active volcanoesin the Philippines. Eleven geologic maps outof the 22 active volcanoes and 9 out of the22 potentially active volcanoes have beengenerated since the start of the program.For 2003, Suiro (Biliran) and Banahaw volcanoeswere selected as the focus of activitiessince preliminary mapping activitieswere conducted in 2002.The revision of the geologic map ofBanahaw Volcano was completed in 2003(Fig. 12). This map was based on topographicmap and SAR image interpretations,review of published literatures and field investigation.The map generated shall be thebasis for future mapping activities includingsampling, and for initial hazard assessmentin the event of any volcanic unrest in the future.The field mapping activities for Suiro(Biliran) was cancelled due to budgetaryconstraints that prompted streamlining andprioritization of projects to be carried out.In spite of the restrictions posed by thescarcity of financial resources and the peaceand order situation in the field areas selectedfor 2003, accomplishments werestill generated. A preliminary deposit map ofKitanglad Volcano was generated using1:50,000 topographic map and SAR imagesin response to the current seismic swarmsbeing recorded in Cagayan de Oro which

Fig. 11. Elements at risks maps of Taal Volcanowas related to movement along the CabanglasanFault. With the potential for triggeringvolcanic unrest of the nearby KitangladVolcano, a potentially active volcano,there was a need to identify volcanic hazardsand possible extent of these hazards.National Lahar Mapping ProgramIn the past, death, destruction of structures,and disruption of lifelines resultedfrom major lahar events during and aftermajor eruptions of some of the active volcanoesin the Philippines. Moreover, withrainfall occurring in varying degreesthroughout the year, low- to large-magnitudelahars are expected to pose threat to communitiesadjacent to affected river channelsFig. 12. Banahao geological mapduring each eruptive activity. Identificationand assessment of lahar-prone areas donethrough detailed field mapping can graphicallybe represented by lahar and flood hazardsmaps. These hazards maps "...strivesto present severe but reasonable predictions[of areas that may be affected] for planningpurposes" (Pierson and others, 1992).Lahars at Pinatubo and Mayon broughtabout by the recent eruptions in 1991 and2000-2001, respectively, resulted in devastations.These events were generally triggeredmainly by intense rainfall brought bymonsoon rains and passing typhoons. Tothis day, the PHIVOLCS lahar team is compelledto conduct investigations and reassessmentof the threat of lahar occurrencesand flooding in these volcanoes.Field surveys were conducted in Juneand December 2003 at selected river systemsdraining from Pinatubo Volcano in orderto reassess lahar and related hydrologichazards with the intention of revising thelahar and flood hazards maps. Three riversystems were investigated namely Pasig-Potrero, Sacobia-Bamban, and Sto-Tomas-Marella. One of the most significant geomorphicchange noted along the Pasig-Potrero River was the migration of the apexof the alluvial fan 5 km downstream as reckonedfrom the June 2003 field survey. Thisinformation is important in assessing therate and degree of stabilization of the river’sgradient. No significant changes were observedalong the Sacobia and Sto. Tomas-Marella river systems except of continuingheavy siltation along the river channels. Additionalinvestigations will be conductedalong the Bucao River during the 1 st quarterof 2004 in order to finalize reassessmentand revision of the lahar anf flood hazardsmaps, as well as to conduct more detailedmapping of the deposits from the crater lakebreakout.Another important research in 2003was the evaluation of lahar hazards on twoadjacent but hydrologically distinct watershedsin Mayon Volcano. The research wasaimed at understanding how lahars atMayon can be initiated and where they arelikely to flow by studying two adjacent riverchannels, Mabinit-New Bonga and Buyuan.The conclusion drawn was that erosion ofsource sediments (mainly pyroclastic flowdeposits) is faster in Buyuan due to the followingconditions, as validated by evidencein the field: 1) variability in depositional conditions(e.g. emplacement of eruptive products)played a significant role in the processand rates of initiation; 2) Buyuan hassteeper slope (both pyroclastic flow surfaceand active channel) than Mabinit-NewBonga; 3) the Mabinit pyroclastic depositshad poorer sorting and greater mean grainsize than those at Buyuan; and 4) the depositsat Mabinit had faster infiltration ratesthan in Buyuan. The results of the researchcould be crucial information for the evaluationof short- and long-term lahar hazardsand risks of areas adjacent to Mayon. In thefuture, the same factors tested for the studycould be applied to the other river channelsat Mayon or in other volcanoes. Further infil-

tration tests and period geodetic surveysalong these two channels could be done inorder to validate the results of the study.Coordination and continuing dialoguewith local government units (LGUs), andnon-government organization (NGOs) werealso an important function of the program. Adialogue with Bacolor municipal officials andbusinessmen on the current and projectedlahar hazard status of Bacolor, Pampangawas conducted upon the invitation of theMayor.Seismic Hazards Identification ProgramThe program is aimed at identifyingand evaluating earthquake-related hazards.Two projects were conducted for 2003,mapping and assessment of liquefactionhazards and tsunami hazards mapping andassessment. The main objectives of the liquefactionproject include: 1) identifying thedirect and potentially damaging consequencesof earthquakes on the ground, particularlythose due to liquefaction, and generatea digital liquefaction hazard map forthe Philippines; 2) establishment of a databaseof borehole and water-well informationthat will be used to map the distribution ofvarious soil cover and their geotechnicalcharacteristics; and 3) summary report ofthe results.Important accomplishments for the projectare: 1) preliminary Liquefaction hazardmap for General Santos City, including digitalgeologic map; 2) digitized geologic mapsof Cebu City, Laoag City, Davao City, CotabatoCity for REDAS; 3) digitized stratigraphiclogs of MMEIRS borehole and interpretationof depositional environment.For the tsunami hazards mapping andassessment, the main accomplishments for2003 were: 1) an update of the tsunamihazard map for Eastern Mindanao, 2) technicalpaper on the Davao del Sur Tsunamiof 1991 that was revised for publication, 3)technical paper entitled Tsunami Simulationthat was accepted for publication in a refereedjournal, the Journal of the GeologicalSociety of the Philppines, 4) production anddistribution of tsunami posters at variousfield stations for information dissemination,and 5) as resource persons in various localand international fora.Hazard Mapping of Active FaultsThe main objective of this program is todelineate the active fault systems in thecountry. The main output will be an updatedactive faults map of the Philippines with correspondingpaleoseismic database.For 2003, the activities undertaken included:1) mapping of the Philippine FaultZone (PFZ) (central Luzon/Masbate), 2) paleoseismicstudy for the Valley Fault System(VFS), 3) preparation of technical papersshowcasing results of the mapping done,and 4) participation in local and internationalconferences. The new mapping data generatedfor the PFZ in central Luzon and Masbatewill be incorporated in the existing activefaults map of the Philippines while thenew set of dates for the VFS will help improveour understanding of the behavior ofthis active fault. All of these data are valuablein seismic hazards and risk assessmentefforts of the Institute. On the otherhand, participation in local and internationalconferences and similar venues enable researchersto interact with other geoscientistsand promote international collaborative projects.As part of the PHIVOLCS-Kyoto UniversityCollaborative Project on Mapping ofthe Philippine Fault Zone in Luzon Island,Philippines, airphoto interpretation and fieldmapping were conducted in August and December2003. One of the significant outputwas the mapping and documention of previouslyunrecognized evidence for the faultextensions between the Digdig and SanJose Faults and between the San Jose andSan Manuel Faults. Two trenching siteswere identified, 1) north and south of Rizal,Nueva Ecija along the Digdig Fault and 2)southern extension of the San Jose Fault.Mapping of the on land extension of thePhilippine Fault Zone in Masbate island wasdocumented and completed in 2003.Under the VFS Mapping Project, externalfunding of the C14 processing of 10samples from the trenching site along theWest Valley Fault in Rodriguez, Rizal wassuccessfully negotiated, thus savingPHIVOLCS more than P300,000 in fundcost. A technical report is currently in progressand will be completed in 2004.Program for the Conservation of CulturalHeritage SitesThis project is a collaborative projectbetween PHIVOLCS and the National CulturalCenter for the Arts (NCCA). The projectaims to evaluate the seismic hazards ofthe four UNESCO heritage sites in the Philippines(San Agustin Church, PaoayChurch, Santa Maria Churchand Miag-aoChurch) as well as of the 26 Philippine colonialchurches in the country. Aside from thesite evaluation, the project also tapsPHIVOLCS to conduct ambient vibration ofthese structures to evaluate integrity ofthese valuable and sometimes, fragile structures.For 2003, a strong motion instrumentwas installed at San Agustin Church and areview of historical earthquakes that affectedthese structures was conducted.Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessmentof Laoag CityThe project “Seismic Hazard and RiskAssessment of Laoag City” is a collaborativeproject between the University of Hongkong(UHK), Mines and Geosciences Bureau(MGB) and PHIVOLCS. This project aims toconduct seismic hazard and risk assessmentof Laoag City. Laoag City was selectedas it is one of the more seismicallyactive regions in northern Luzon, has beenaffected by damaging earthquakes severaltimes in the past, and it is proximal to severalactive earthquake source zones. Tostudy possible site response, three strongmotion accelerographs were installed atLaoag Elementary School, Barangay Zamboangaand in the Ilocos Norte Water Districtoffice. The stations recorded 17 events,five of which had felt intensities.Geotechnical boring were also conductedfor seven sites in the city to know thethickness of sediments necessary for conductingsite response and liquefaction studies.Tsunami Hazards Awareness andPreparednessThe project aims to determine the levelof awareness on earthquake-related hazardsof key officials as well as residents ofidentified tsunami vulnerable areas in MetroManila. For the year, collection of availablesocio-economic information was undertakenand a key informant survey was conductedat the coastal areas of Las Pinas,Paranaque and Pasay. A total of 10 key informants,mostly social welfare officers, cityengineers and health officers were interviewedusing a prepared set of questionnaires.All the disaster coordinating councilsrevealed that typhoons and floods are theprimary hazards that they are more familiarwith in terms of experience because of itsmore common occurrence in their area. Althoughearthquake hazards are included inthe their actions plans and preparednessmeasures, the awareness of residents andofficial,ls need to be determined. Detailedsurvey will be conducted in year 2004.EXTERNALLY-FUNDED andCOLLABORATIVE RESEARCHPROJECTSPHIVOLCS-Indiana University-UNAVCO Taal Global PositioningSystemThe GPS monitoring network at Taal isa continuing collaborative project betweenPHIVOLCS, Indiana University andUNAVCO. There are 12 GPS stations onTaal Volcano Island and a master GPS stationin Tagaytay. This fruitful collaborationhas already generated one major researchpublication on the magma dynamics andground deformation published last Octoberin the Journal of Geophysical Research.Establishment of a Rapid EarthquakeDamage Assessment of the Philippines(REDAS)A DOST-GIA project called “Establishmentof a Rapid Earthquake Damage AssessmentSystem” (REDAS) continued to beimplemented. REDAS aims to develop asystem that can give rapid estimate of thepossible seismic hazards and the severity ofthe impacts to population, buildings, lifelines,road networks and other elements atrisks, which is highly needed to generatenecessary information for guiding civil defenseofficials and disaster managers inmaking quick, timely and reliable decisionsfor deploying rescue and relief operations.The second objective is the minimization ofseismic risk by convincing land useplanners, policy makers and city plannersto consider hazards in their planning anddevelopment efforts. The provision of thissimple and easy to use simulation tool willgive them a deeper understanding and appreciationof the earthquake hazards andrisks and will thus motivate them to prepareand do more serious planning and intensiveformulation of effective disaster preventionpolicies such as serious land use regulation,strict enforcement of the building code andretrofitting of critical structures. To realizethe above objectives, the simulation toolshould be developed in such a way that itwill be simple and easy to use. For this year,the modeling of four seismic hazards werecontinued as well as the building up of therisk database was conducted. Figure 13shows REDAS ground shaking results for aJuly 16, 1990 scenario earthquake.PCASTRD-funded Project: “Establishmentof a GPS Ground controlNetwork and a Continuous Base ReferenceStation for Monitoring GroundDeformation at Mayon VolcanoAs part of an effort to establish state-ofthe-artmonitoring capabilities for Mayon, aFig. 13. REDAS ground shaking results for a July 16, 1990 earthquake scenario.

Grants-In-Aid (GIA) project is presentlyunder implementation by PHIVOLCS. Theproject is entitled “Establishment of a GPSGround control Network and a ContinuousBase Reference Station for MonitoringGround Deformation at Mayon Volcano,Philippines” and is funded by the PhilippineCouncil for Advanced Science and TechnologyR&D, Department of Science and Technology(DOST). The project mainly supplieslogistical support for setting up GPS stationsand requisite data retrieval. Equipment forthe project already exists in PHIVOLCS,courtesy of the JICA-PHIVOLCS project.The objective is to surround Mayon with adense network of GPS receivers to accuratelydetect ground deformation which mayaccompany volcanic unrest. Traditionalgeodetic methods, mainly by manual measurementsare painstaking and tedious. Theuse of GPS provides a distinct advantage byproviding three-dimensional (X-Y-Heights)positions of predetermined points with greatprecision and accuracy. Each site need notbe in line of sight of each other which providesflexibility in layout of the stations. Atpresent, the network layout is nearly completeand 9 of about 11 stations are alreadylogging position data. Temporal changes inposition of these predetermined pointsaround the volcano, in combination withother geodetic and geophysical data shouldprovide scientists with a better picture ofwhat is happening beneath the volcano.This information shall be used to make improvedassessments of the ongoing Mayonunrest. A downstream benefit to the communityfrom this project is to provide localgovernments accurate ground control pointsfor their municipal/city planning. In addition,with one station to be made permanent, researcherswill be able to make differentialGPS corrections by accessing thePHIVOLCS GPS reference data. This datashould be useful to researchers involved inmapping and remote sensing.Collective Strengthening of CommunityAwareness for Natural Disasters(CSCAND)The project Crustal Stress and CommunityAwareness Network (CSCAN) is acollaborative project between PHIVOLCS,selected local government units and theUnited Nations Development Programme(UNDP). The project has twofold aims: oneis to study possible correlation betweenvariations in crustal stress values and occurrencesof earthquake. This aim is consideredto be in the research stage. The secondaim is to tap community participation inearthquake observation. To achieve the firstaim, PHIVOLCS and the Chinese scientistsfrom the United Nations Global Programmefor the Integration of Public Administrationfor the Science of Disasters (UNGP-IPASD)installed in ten communities in Luzon Islandin 2000 a crustal stress monitoring setupconsisting of sensors and recorders(PHIVOLCS Annual Report, 2000). Insteadof scientists doing the daily crustal stressreadings, local volunteers were tapped andtrained on how to conduct the readingsthemselves. They were also taught how torelate possible changes in their environmentwith occurrence of earthquakes. The firsttwo years of the project, from 2000 to 2002,was concentrated on imparting the crustalstress technology, specifically how earthquakeparameters are determined from thecrustal stress data, through the holding of aseries of technology transfer workshopsamong PHIVOLCS and local volunteer observersby the Chinese scientists.This year, the CSCAN has evolved intoa new phase through a project called “CollectiveStrengthening of Community forNatural Disasters (CSCAND)”. The maindevelopment is that CSCAND is now involvedin harnessing community awarenessfor all kinds of natural disasters. To institutionalizethis, the National Disaster CoordinatingCouncil (NDCC) made CSCAND asubcommittee of the Preparedness Committeeof the NDCC through order no. 25 datedSeptember 30, 2003. Under the newlyevolvedCSCAND, PHIVOLCS continuedthe operation and maintenance of thecrustal stress network. Data were sent bylocal volunteers and continuously analyzed.For the community awareness part, a seriesof community awareness activities wereconducted. The first was the production of amovie/TV plug on earthquake preparednessinside a crowded place such as a shoppingmall. The aim is to create a public educationmodule that will inform mallgoers on theproper steps to take once earthquake shakingoccurs. Since the purpose of a typicalFilipino family or group of friends when theyvisit a mall is to eat, shop or watch a movie,the proper response to earthquakeshaking while in a grocery, fast food andmovie houses had to be addressed by thismodule. The project thought of a TV/movieplug to accomplish this task. The script wasconceptualized by the PHIVOLCS staff andthis went through a series of editing togetherwith the Philippine Information Agency(PIA). Film shooting was done using theearthquake simulator located inside thePHIVOLCS compound. The simulator wasdesigned to look like the background of thethree scenarios presented in the plug. TheTV/movie plug was shown for severalmonths for more than 220 movie houses nationwideand in three government TV channels.The CSCAND project also conductedfour earthquake awareness and preparednessworkshops for schools in the NationalCapital Region (NCR) and three CSCANcommunities. The target audience for theNCR consisted of school superintendentsand disaster action officers of the Departmentof Education school superintendentsfrom the NCR. Unlike other earthquakepreparedness workshops, the workshop forthe DepEd school superintendents wasconducted to encourage them to conductearthquake drills more regularly by teachingthem how simple and doable the procedureactually is (Figure 14). The venue of theworkshop and which was also the target ofthe earthquake drill was the Bago BantayElementary School in Bago Bantay, QuezonCity.Three other community awarenessworkshops were held in three CSCAN sites:Batangas City, Lingayen, Pangasinan andInfanta, Quezon. The target audienceconsisted of city/municipal officials, disastercoordinating council members, barangay officialsand local school heads. The workshopswere designed in such a way that itwill both give information lectures aboutearthquakes but at the same time, teachthem simple steps on how to observe theirenvironment for possible changes beforeearthquakes, how to identify hazardousplaces in the their communities and identifypossible solutions through an embedded activitycalled “town watching activity” (Figure15). For Batangas City, volcano-related topicsespecially related to Taal Volcano wereincluded in the lecture list. Activities that willreplicate these workshops were among themost suggested follow up activities. Table 3shows the seminars conducted on theCSCAND project.Table 3. Seminars conducted on the CSCAND projectFig. 14. Mr. Narag demonstratesto the student theproper way of protectingherself during an earthquake.This is called the“duck and cover” technique.Title of Seminar Location, Date Number of ParticipantsEarthquake Awareness Seminar-Workshop for Local and BarangayOfficials of InfantaEarthquake and Volcano AwarenessSeminar-Workshop for Local andBarangay Officials of Batangas CityEarthquake Awareness Seminar-Workshop for Local and BarangayOfficials of LingayenPreparing our School Children forEarthquake: WorkshopVilla Elena Resort, InfantaQuezon,September 17-18, 2003National Teachers ConferenceCenter, BatangasCity,October 27-28, 2003Gulf Restaurant at Bodjie’s.Lingayen, PangasinanNovember 17-18,2003Bago Bantay ElementarySchool, Quezon City November25, 200386 - Barangay leaders, city disaster coordinatingcouncil members (CDCC) andschool heads168 - Barangay leaders, city disaster coordinatingcouncil members (CDCC) andschool heads99 - Barangay leaders, city disaster coordinatingcouncil members (CDCC) andschool heads134 - superintendents and officials in theNCR regionFig. 15. Participants of the Earthquake Awareness Seminar-Workshop forLocal and Barangay Officials of Lingayen are shown assessing one ofthe buildings during the town watching exercise.Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Projecton the Development of Earthquakeand Tsunami Mitigation Technologiesand Their Integration in theAsia-Pacific Region (EdM-EqTAP)The project “Development of Earthquakeand Tsunami Mitigation Technologiesand Their Integration in the Asia-Pacific Region(EqTAP) is being implemented througha collaborative project with the EarthquakeDisaster Mitigation Research Center (EdM),a research center of the National ResearchInstitute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention(NIED) of Japan. The main aim ofEqTAP is to develop disaster reductiontechnologies for the Asia-Pacific regions andto integrate them into “Master Plan forEarthquake and Tsunami Disaster Mitigationappropriate to the Asia-Pacific Region”.EdM has chosen Metro Manila as a casestudy for using EqTAP technologies in aproject aptly called the Metro Manila CaseStudy (MMCS). Since Metro Manila is alarge area, three cities have so far been thefocus of EqTAP studies. These are Manila,Marikina and Muntinlupa.

Seismic Vulnerability of ManilaStudies conducted in Manila are seismicvulnerability using remote sensing, microtremorobservations of Intramuros andSan Agustin Church, ground motion modelingnear active faults, seismic vulnerability ofschool buildings and development of digitalstrong motion database in Metro Manila.Since, risk management framework beingadopted by EqTAP follows a procedure thatnecessitates the need to communicate andconsult with stakeholders of a given area,two workshops were held in March and September2003 that aimed to inform and consultwith local government officials, schoolteachers and other important stakeholdersof the city of Manila about the studies beingdone for making their city safe from thenegative effects of future earthquakes. Theworkshops also gathered from them otherstudies they think are important and culledsuggestions on how these results can bebetter be used by the city and its variousstakeholders. Figure 16 shows the participantsof the September 9, 2003 workshop.Development of a Space-Time GIS systemfor the city of Makati.Another EqTAP study is the developmentof a Space-Time GIS system for thecity of Makati. This study aims to develop aGIS system that adds time as an addedcomponent in its analysis. The softwarecalled DIMSIS, which was developed by theKakumoto Laboratory of EdM, can be usedto conduct seismic hazard and risk assessment.The software will include risk elementdata available at different time periodthereby providing the fourth element to theGIS system. In 2003, Makati cadastralmaps were digitized and made available tothe GIS system. Building footprints usingQuickBird remote sensing technology willalso be included soon after. Aside fromPHIVOLCS, the city government of Makatiand the Office of Civil Defense are providedthe software and similar sets of data.Marikina Risk Perception StudyIn the middle of year 2002, a collaborativestudy entitled “Risk Perception Studyon Earthquake Hazards Among MarikinaCity Residents” was initiated by the EDM-EqTAP, UP Department of Geography-UPFig. 16. EDM-EqTAP Stakeholders Workshop participants (photo by P Reniva)(UP Geography) and PHIVOLCS. Thefirst draft of survey questionnaire was finishedand presented inSeptember 2002 during the EDM-EqTAPmeeting held at the Mandarin Hotel, Makati.As initial activity prior to the survey, aworkshop for the student-enumerators wasconducted on 10-11 April 2003 atPHIVOLCS in order to orient the 20 studentenumerators to the objectives of the project,its expected outcomes, as well as give importantpoints on how to administer thequestionnaire to get the desirable results.Coordination by the UP Geography with localgovernment and barangay officialshelped in the conduct of the survey. The actualsurvey was conducted starting May untilJune 2003 with 1,000 target samples from12 chosen barangays in Marikina. The responsesfrom the 1,000 samples were immediatelyencoded by enumerators as soonas each were completed. A group from thePhilippine counterparts composed of 2 fromPHIVOLCS and 2 from the Department ofGeography-UP visited the EDM office atKobe, Japan on 22-30 June to discuss thedata analysis with EDM-EqTAP counterparts.Earthquake Impact Reduction Studyof Metro Manila (MMEIRS)The Earthquake Impact ReductionStudy of Metro Manila (MMEIRS) is a JICAsupporteddevelopment study that aims toformulate a master plan for earthquake impactreduction of Metro Manila and tocarry out technology transfer to Philippinecounterpart personnel of PHIVOLCS andthe Metro Manila Development Authority(MMDA). MMDA is the co-implementorof this project. PHIVOLCS participated activelyin various activities of this project specificallyin the development of the groundshaking model, site response study, damageassessment, GIS-development andcommunity-based disaster management efforts.Most of the activities of the CommunityBased Disaster Management (CBDM) underthe MMEIRS project, performed during thelast quarter of 2003, focused mainly onmeasures undertaken by participants thatwould develop or enhance their capabilityfor earthquake disaster management planning.These activities consisted of the following:1) General assembly; 2) Communitywatching and resource mapping; and 3)Disaster imagination game (DIG). TheCBDM component of the JICA-MMEIRSproject is being implemented in three studyareas, namely: Barangay 741 (Manila City);Nofuente Compound at Barangay Cupang(Muntinlupa City); and Barangay Ugong(Pasig City) (Figure 17).Raising the Earthquake Awarenessand Preparedness of Residents ofMulti-storey mass housing residentsA collaborative project with the NationalHousing Authority (NHA) was initiated thisyear that aims to increase the level ofearthquake awareness and preparedness ofresidents of multi-storey mass housing projectsin the National Capital Region. Theproject will conduct seismic hazardevaluation, risk perception survey and finallyFig. 17. Ms. Lynn Melosantos of PHIVOLCS lectured community participants at Nofuente Compound atBry. Cupang, Muntinlupa Cityimplement activities such as earthquake drillthat could raise earthquake awareness andensure that these residents will respond appropriatelywhen earthquakes occur.Proper action when earthquakes occur maysave lives. Figure 18 shows one of themulti-storey mass housing buildings beingplanned to be studied and taught properearthquake response. To formalize the collaborativeundertaking, a Memorandum ofAgreement was signed betweenPHIVOLCS and NHA.Strong Motion Accelerograph Networkin Metro Manila (MM-STAR)This project “Operation of a Strong MotionAccelerograph Network in Metro Manila(MM-STAR)” aims to generate a strongground motion database by operating anetwork of digital accelerographs in MetroManila. The output can be used for realisticground motion hazard modeling/simulation.The results can serve as inputs to properplanning and development of an earthquakesafe Metro Manila. The database will alsobe made available to researchers doingearthquake engineering-related studies.Metro Manila is an interesting study areabecause it is underlain by differing lithologicunits. Records show that places underlainby differing lithologies and varying thicknessof soft deposits have had varying levels ofearthquake damages in the past. Historicaldamages to Metro Manila have shown thatsome areas are more frequently damagedthat other places. In order to obtain the inherentcharacteristics of these frequentlydamaged sites and compare them with morestable areas, 12 instruments were installedand have been operating in the metropolisfor the last five years in cooperation with theTokyo Institute of Technology (TITECH).Fifty-four waveform data from 15 earthquakeevents were recorded by the 12-station networkfor the year. This is the highestnumber of data gathered during the network’ssix year operation which started in1998. This brings the total number of earthquakeevents to 55 and the number ofwaveform records to 159.NDCC-CALAMITY FUND-sponsoredactivities for Kanlaon and MayonVolcanoes and MasbateFrequent ash explosions in Mayon Volcanostarting January 2003 promptedPHIVOLCS to intensify monitoring activities,and deploy more instruments and experts.These activities were quickly followed by amagnitude 6.2 earthquake in Masbate. Toaugment its limited operational budget,PHIVOLCS sought the assistance of the NationalDisaster Coordinating Council (NDCC)for a calamity fund to finance not only therequired expenditure to properly monitor thevolcanic situation and issue timely warningto the concerned public in Mayon andKanlaon but also the cost of the neededdocumentation and public awareness campaign.The project could be subdivided intosmaller activities as presented below:Fig. 18. This multi-storey mass housing project in Mandaluyong City was being planned as one of thebuildings where a project on determining the level of awareness and preparedness of residents of multistoreymass housing projects can be conducted.

Kanlaon and Mayon VolcanoesSeismic network augmentation, grounddeformation studies and other monitoringactivities at Kanlaon VolcanoBefore Kanlaon’s unrest, there wereonly three seismographs monitoring theseismic activity. These are Kanlaon VolcanoObservatory, Cabagnaan and Guintubdanstations. Ground deformation monitoring includesmeasuring tilt using an electronictiltmeter and GPS for accurate position ofcontrol points to be monitored. To betterunderstand the nature of unrest and explosions,additional seismographs and tiltmetersare needed so that appropriate alertlevel can be emphasized and proper warningscan be issued.Increasing seismic activity observed atKanlaon beginning January 2003 and theash explosion it exhibited starting 7 March2003 had obliged PHIVOLCS to rapidlyconduct repair and maintenance works ofKanlaon’s existing seismic network. Site negotiationswere facilitated and the threespread spectrum radio-telemetry seismicmonitoring stations were installed, with theaim of using the new set up in monitoringKanlaon’s ongoing unrest. The La CalotaCity College “Power House” building wasrepaired and used to temporarily serve asKanlaon Volcano’s receiving and processingstation until the new Kanlaon Volcano Observatorywill be constructed. In addition,appropriate sites for installing the electronictiltmeters were selected.Seismic network augmentation, grounddeformation studies and other monitoringactivities at Mayon VolcanoBefore the 2003 unrest, Mayon is monitoredby a small network of seismometersand two tiltmeters installed to help determineoccurrences of magmatic intrusions(Figure 19a-b). The said monitoring configurationinvolved sensors that are installed atfairly low elevations, thus the lower detectionsensitivity. To optimize the monitoringnetwork at Mayon, two digital seismic telemetrywere installed at (a) Upper Masarawag(W, elevation 415 m ASL) and (b)Upper Mayon Resthouse (NW, elevation1500 m ASL). In addition, the following preciselevelling benchmarks were recon-Fig. 19 a. EDM instrument at LHO Fig. 19 b. Electronic tilt station at Lower Anolingstructed: (a) Buang precise leveling line, (b)Lidong precise leveling line; and (c) Anolingprecise leveling line.Risk Assessment for Mayon VolcanoData were collected from the municipaland provincial government of Albay. Spatialand statistical data were extracted mostlyfrom the socio-economic profile of each municipality.Most of the data are in paper form,although some GIS files were also gatheredfrom the Provincial Planning and developmentOffice and Legaspi City Planning andDevelopment Office. Included in the outputof the project are digital file of available hazardmaps/boundaries and tables of socioeconomicprofile/data, including municipalityand barangay boundary maps and lifelinedata.Ashfall characterization for Kanlaon andMayon VolcanoesAs part of the campaign to characterizethe volcanic products and better understandthe eruptions from Mayon and Kanlaon Volcanoes,materials for ash sampling wereprepared. Pans wherein ash can be collectedin case of future eruptions fromKanlaon and Mayon Volcanoes were distributedaround the two volcanoes in October.Most of the pans were given to barangaycaptains or councilors around the area.They were also given sample bagsand were oriented on how to collect the ashfrom the pans.Forum on Kanlaon VolcanoA one-day forum-seminar sponsoredby the National Disaster Coordinating Council,was organized and conducted byPHIVOLCS on October 15, 2003 at KundutelHotel, Bacolod City (Figure 20). Sixtyfive (65) participants mostly disaster actionofficers, barangay officials, social workers,police officers, from La Castellana, CanlaonCity, San Carlos City, La Carlota, MoisesPadilla, Bago City, Murcia, Hinigaran, Pontevedra,Bacolod City, provincial disaster officersfrom Negros Occidental and Oriental,representatives from various NGOs, includingPHIVOLCS Staff attended the forum.The forum was organized in order tohave a venue for PHIVOLCS to present andhighlight the recent studies on Kanlaon Volcanothat are deemed necessary in updatingthe Provincial and Municipal Disaster Plan,and to help the local disaster planners in theconcerned municipalities within the hazardzone to enhance its respective disasterplans in order to take the necessary actionon specific issues and concerns on disastermanagement.Different concerns of local officialswere raised during the open forum, andsome of the major issues identified were asfollows: (1) The need to reactivate theFig. 20. Participants on the Forum on Kanlaon Volcano held at Kundutel Hotel, Bacolod City, 15 October 2003.Municipal/City Disaster Coordinating Council;(2) The need to make the MDCC/CDCCproactive in updating their current plans andencourage the key actors to participate invarious disaster-related seminars/trainings;(3) Continued public information campaignsto be carried out by PHIVOLCS so that thepublic is always aware of PHIVOLCS monitoringactivities and updated status of thevolcano; and (4) Continued provincial-levelsupport to the undertakings of identified vulnerableand affected municipalities down tobarangay level in order to develop a soundand effective disaster preparedness plan orstrengthen the existing plans.Participants of the forum consisted ofdisaster action officers, social workers, policeofficers and local officials in the provincial,municipal/city and barangay levels.Representatives from non-government organizationsalso attended. ElevenPHIVOLCS staff and technical personnelwere present led by the Director, Dr. RenatoU. Solidum.During the forum, the following informationmaterials were distributed to the participants:(1) Kanlaon Profile Flyer; (2) MonitoringPhilippine Volcanoes: A general view ofSurveillance technique and (3) VolcanicHazards at Kanlaon Volcano.Masbate ActivitiesDetailed Fault Mapping and TrenchingThe 15 February 2003 Earthquakealong the Masbate Segment of the PFZopened an opportunity for PHIVOLCS toundertake a detailed field mapping when theevent produced a ground rupture of at least20 kilometers long. The mapping activity resultedto (1) detailed map of the Masbatesegment of the Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ);(2) updated the active faults map of the Philippinesand (3) updated paleoseismic databaseof active faults.GPS campaign at MasbateUnder the Calamity Fund Program, theMasbate Global Positioning System (GPS)Project was undertaken in 2003. The projectwas aimed at estimating the post-seismicslip rate of the PFZ Masbate segment. TheGPS campaign was conducted in October2003. Processing of data is still ongoing andwill be completed in 2004 with correspondingtechnical report. Another GPS campaignin relation to the PHIVOLCS-Kyoto UniversityCollaborative Project was conducted inNovember 2003.Another important focal area for the activefaults program was the estimation of theslip rate of the Philippine Fault in theVisayas Region, including characterizationof the mechanical behaviour of the fault andunderstanding deformational mechanismsassociated with the fault. Three GPS networkswere installed in the Central Philippines,with the objective of analyzing thekinematics of the Philippine Fault in this region,namely (1) the Masbate network, installedin the transfer zone between the PhilippineFault and the Sibuyan Sea Fault, (2)the Leyte network, and (3) the smaller Tongonannetwork, which covers the transferzone where the Philippine Fault separatesinto three individual sub-parallel faults.These networks were repeatedly measuredbetween 1991 and 2002: 5 times for Masbate,6 times for Leyte and 7 times for Tongonan.In Masbate, displacement vectorsshowed that the Philippine Fault in Masbatehas an average slip rate of 2.3 + 0.2 cm/yrmeasured in 11 years. The fault on this regionhas an intermediate mechanical behavior,with a part of its movement absorbedthrough creeping (≈ 60%) and a part absorbedduring 6-magnitude earthquakes (≈40%), whose recurrence is from 15-20years. This intermediate behavior characterizesa transition zone between the creepingzone in Leyte in the south and the lockedzone in Bondoc Peninsula and Ragay Gulfin the north, whose movement is releasedonly during large seismic events (Ms> 7).The GPS results also revealed the existenceof a rigid or semi-rigid block SW of MasbateIsland. It appears also that the Sibuyan SeaFault is active and has a slip rate of 2.3 +0.2 cm/yr. A 2.5+ 0.6 cm/yr has also beencalculated in the Legazpi Lineament.In North of Leyte, results showed thatthe bulk of the 3.6 + 0.2 cm/yr slip rate(10 years) is absorbed just along the fault.This movement is essentially through creepingsince no important seismic activity wasrecorded during the GPS campaigns.On the other hand, the results in Tongonannetwork showed that the movementin this transfer zone is partitioned along the3 branches sub-parallel to the PhilippineFault. In 10 years of measurement, 20% isabsorbed by the SW branch (0.7 + 0.2cm/yr) and 30% along the NE branch (1.2 +0.2 cm/yr). The remaining 50% is absorbedby the external eastern branch (2.0 + 0.5cm/yr), measured in 5 years. One of themost important results in this study showedthat what appears to be a creeping movementin Leyte, if viewed in a more detailedscale in Tongonan, is only a succession ofperiods in which the Philippine Fault in thisregion is either blocked or slipping with varyingdisplacement rates.

Human ResourcesPHIVOLCS continued to provide opportunitiesfor its personnel to attend foreignand local seminars and trainings to meet thedemand for technical expertise and keepabreast of latest development in the field ofvolcanology and seismology. Tables 4 and 5are the list of trainings and seminars availedof by PHIVOLCS officials and staff for theyear 2003. Tables 6 and 7 are the listings ofPHIVOLCS personnel with advanced degrees,while Table 8 are those who are pursuingadvanced degrees.In line with PHIVOLCS’ program todevelop and strengthen its human resources,two (2) in-house activities wereconducted for main office personnel. First,was a series of Values Orientation Workshop(VOW) held on March 12-14,March 19-21, March 26-29 and April 2-4.This activity was undertaken in coordinationwith the Civil Service Commission (CSC).Second, was a Gender SensitivityTraining (GST) which was held last August27-28, and was attended by 29 personnelincluding the GAD focal point. All the divisionswere equally represented.The VOW is a program designed byCSC which focuses on developing, enhancingand reinforcing the values of an individual.This program gives an opportunity forthe employees to review their values andhow these values could blend with those ofothers to reach common goalsand aspirations. It was hoped that throughthe program, the participants will have theTable 4. Foreign Trainings 2003chance to undergo a process of selfexamination,self visualization and analysisof realities and truths.On the otherhand, the GST was undertaken1) To raise the level of awareness ofthe participants on gender issues and concernsand be able to address them accordingly,2) For the participants to know andunderstand the different manifestations ofgender inequalities and to understand theGAD program of the government, and 3) Totrain the participants to become gender sensitiveplanners in formulating the Institute’sproject, programs and activities (PPAs). Thetraining is a basic step that will serve as avehicle to a systematic force to effect thegender mainstreaming in the Institute. Thenext step will be GAD planning and properbudgeting that will totally promote genderequality with its laws and legal policies inthe workplace, family, religion and in ourdaily lives.Title Of Activity Name of Participant/s Venue DurationTraining on Management of Seismological and VolcanologicalObservation System of the Republic of the PhilippinesRudy A. Lacson, Jr.Alejandro A. MartinezFlorenette B. GarciaEvelyn B. SerenadoRamil B. AtandoJose Eucel L. TalisicAllan R. LabayogMyra P. DolinaJapan Jan 7 to March 21Joint research work with Japanese Scientist in the NIED Bartolome C. Bautista Miki, Japan Jan. 26- Feb. 16International Symposium on Mitigation of Earthquake andTsunami Hazards in Western Pacific RegionBartolome C. Bautista Japan March 15-17Study & Management of Geological Risks Raymond Patrick R Maximo Switzerland April 28 to June 19CSAV International Course in Volcano Hazards Monitoring Maricel P. Lendio Hawaii, USA June 9 to July 18International Training Course on Total Disaster Risk ManagementTraining of data analysis methodology and usage of datasoftware.Ernesto G. Corpuz Japan June 10-13Sheila I. InsaurigaRegina B. QuiambaoKobe, JapanJune 22-30Table 4. Continued…Remote Sensing Workshop andthe Cities on Volcanoes III (CVO3)Conference.Outreach and EducationWorkshop and the Cities onVolcanoes III (COV3) ConferenceTitle Of Activity Name of Participant/s Venue DurationWorkshop on Development of Vulnerability AssessmentMethods Applicable to the Asian Pacific RegionArturo S. DaagJessie A. DaligdigKathleen L. PapionaRowena B. QuiambaoJulianita S. RañolaBenjamin H. SantosHawaii, USA July 11-18Renato U. Solidum, Jr. Hawaii, USA July 13-19Ma. Leonila P. Bautiesta Hawaii, USA July 27- Aug. 2Sea Floor Geodesy Tsunami Hazards Mitigation Program Glenda M. Besana Nagoya, Japan July 27 – Aug. 2GTC on Seismology Joan C. Salcedo Tokyo, Japan Aug. 26 – July 18Workshop on Strategy of Volcanic Disaster Mitigation Renato U. Solidum, Jr. Tsukuba, Japan Sept.. 24-27Third East Asia Cluster Cities Meeting Renato U. Solidum, Jr. Kobe, Japan Oct. 6-7Second Int’l Conference on Early Warning (EWC III) Norman M. Tungol Bonn, Germany Oct. 16-18JICA Counterpart Training Program on Seismology (SeismicData Processing)International Training Program for Seismic Design of Structures30 th Remote Sensing of Environment2 nd International Training Course on Earthquake Disaster andDisaster Mitigation for Developing Countries24 th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing and 2003 InternationalSymposium on Remote Sensing6 th Multi-Lateral Workshop on Development of Earthquakeand Tsunami Disaster Technologies and their Integration forthe Asia Pacific RegionThird International Workshop on Seismic Risk Managementfor Countries of the Asia Pacific RegionMeeting on Future Activities of the Working Group on SubductionZones located in the developing CountiesVilma C. HernandezJapanOct. 14, 2003 –March 13, 2004Angelito G. Lanuza Taipei, Taiwan Oct. 13-17Ronaldoa A. ArboledaMa. Lynn P. MelosantosMa. Hannah T. MirabuenoHonolulu, Hawaii Nov. 10-14Rhommel N. Grutas Beijing, China Nov. 3-15Rowena B. Quiambao Busan, North Korea Nov. 2-8Renato U. Solidum, Jr.Bartolome C. BautistaMa. Leonila P. BautistaAngelito G. LanuzaIshmael C. NaragMa. Mylene M. VillegasIse-Kashikojima, Japan Dec. 1-2Bartolome C. Bautista Bangkok, Thailand Dec. 7-8Raymond R. Maximo San Francisco, California Dec. 8-12XXIII General Assembly of the International Union for Geodesyand Geophysics. (IUGG)Bartolome C. BautistaMa. Leonila P. BautistaRhommel N. GrutasIshmael C. NaragBaby Jane T. PunongbayanRaymond Patrick R. MaximoJapan June 30 to July 11

Table 5. Local Trainings 2003Title of Activity Name of Participants Venue DurationTable 5 continued…Title of Activity Name of Participants Venue DurationEMSEV Workshop for Initiating Seismic &Volcanic Electromagnetic Monitoring in AsianCountriesPotential and Application of Microwave RemoteSensingEmmanuel G. RamosNanette V.A. MelosantosBartolome C. BautistaMa. Leonila P.BautistaBaby Jane T. PunongbayanEsmeralda L. BangananMyleen E. CarlosJanila B. DeocampoMechor P. LasalaIshmael C. NaragEdmund F. OlaveriaHenremagne C. PenarubiaJoan C. SalcedoDante S. SonejaMaricel R. LendioAllan R. LozaAlejandro F. RamosBenjamin H. SantosJulio P. SabitTeodorico A.SandovalEdgardo U. VillacorteRene A. AranteArturo S. DaagDindo V. JavierPaolo D. RenivaCelestino S. SaquilonArnold A. VillarMylene M. VillegasGlenda M. BesanaJessie A. DaligdigMa. Lynn P. MelosantosMa. Hannah T. MirabuenoRenato U. Solidum, Jr.Norman M. TungolPHIVOLCS Auditorium Jan. 13-17PhilRice Munoz,Nueva,EcijaFebruary 3-7Information System Strategic Plan Anabelle F. Ringor DOST, Bicutan, Taguig March 4-7EdM-EqTAP Stakeholders' foran Earthquake-Safe City ofManila.EdM-EqTAP Metro Manila Case Study WorkshopComputerization in records managementMaking E-Procurement Work for good GovernancePREGINET 1st network/system AdministrationLuzon LegLocal Community Level Disaster Risk ManagementCoursesSupervisory Development Course 2: PowerfulCoaching TechniqueGovernment Website Development WorkshopKick-Off Activity Community-Based disasterManagement JICA-MMEIRSMa. Leonila P. Bautista*Bartolome C. BautistaNorman M. TungolMylene M. VillegasArturo S. DaagIshmael C. NaragMa. Leonila P. BautistaBartolome C. BautistaNorman M. TungolMylene M. VillegasGlenda Besana*Jessie Daligdig*Rosalia U. SantosCharlita L. MarianoEdgardo S. BalbuenaArnold A. VillarEdgardo S. BalbuenaSheila I. InsaurigaMa Lyn P. MelosantosEsmeralda L.BangananJoan C. SalcedoRegina B. QuiambaoPaolo RenivaRenato U. Solidum, Jr.Sheila I. InsaurigaAngelito LanuzaIshmael C. NaragBaby Jane PunongbayanRolly RimandoRenato U. Solidum, Jr.Manila Pavilion Hotel, ManilaMakati Shangri-la Hotel,Makati CityDOSTBicutan, Taguig.Manila GaleriaManilaCollege of Sci.U.P.Diliman,Q.C.March 5March 7March 13-14April 28May 12-16Glenda M.Besana City Garden Hotel, Makati March 17-18Bartolome C. BautistaNorman M. TungolMylene M. VillegasMIRDC, Bicutan June 3-4Dante S. Soneja NCC Bldg. Diliman, Q.C. July 30Renato U. Solidum, Jr.Ma. Leonila P. BautistaMylene M. VillegasSheila InsaurigaRegina B. QuiambaoDindo V. JavierPaolo RenivaRey JavierManila Pavillion August 5Workshop on the Development and Integrationof a Module on the Protection of HumanRights of Children During Emergencies –UNICEF-NDCC-OCDEarthquake Impact Reduction Study for MetroManila (MMEIRS) 2 nd WorkshopGender Sensitivity TrainingEDM-EqTAP Stakeholders’ Workshop forEarthquake-Safe City of Manila: LearningAbout Hazard and Elements at Risks in myCommunityEarthquake Awareness Workshop for Local &Barangay Officials of InfantaInstructional Briefing on the preparation of theGSIS Electronic RemittanceSeminar on the Implementing Rules andRegulation of R.A. 9184-Government ProcurementReform Act2003 Philippine ESRI-GSIS ConferenceMa. Mylene VillegasCelestino SaquilonMa. Leonila P. Bautista*Glenda Besana*Jessie Daligdig*Bartolome BautistaNorman TungolMylene VillegasJanila DeOcampoNarciso DiongzonMyla PanolIshmael NaragAngelito LanuzaBaby Jane PunongbayanEsmeralda BangananMylene M. VillegasRegina B. QuiambaoMa. Isabel T. Abigania]Benjamin H.SantosMaricel R. LendioJanila B. DeocampoIshmael C. NaragCorazon D. AbadillaMa. Rosmarie J.BautistaNarciso F. DiongzonSheila I. InsaurigaLeah M. PincaBaby Jane T PunongbayanReynaldo MacaspacVilma C. HernandezMylene M. MartinezMa. Leonila P. BautistaAngelito G. LanuzaIshmael C. NaragArturo S. DaagMa. Lynn P. MelosantosEsmeralda L. BangananBartolome C. BautistaRaymond R. MaximoRegina B. QuiambaoJanila B. DeocampoBartolome C. BautistaMa. Leonila P. Bautista*Ma. Mylene M. VillegasTeresito C. BacolcolIshmael C. NaragMa. Rosemarie J. BautistaMarlon R. LumanogCharlita L. MarianoEdgardo S. BalbuenaJulianita S. RanolaBenjamin H. SantosErlinton OlavereRobert TiglaoImelda GuanioMa. Lynn MelosantosJulianita RañolalMa. Hanna MirabuenoArturo DaagSheila InsaurigaRegina QuiambaoCelestino SaquilonRolly RimandoPaolo RenivaRenato U. Solidum, Jr.Ma. Lynn P. MelosantosRenato J. GarduqueRolly E. RimandoLowella A. De GuzmanDindo V. JavierCelestino S. SaquilonEdgardo U. VillacorteEsfeca Del T. MundoNora R. CampitaShirley I. MasangkayGeraldine A. GelidoManolo L. GelidoEleanor E. ManuelMyla D. PanolMarilou V. Del RosarioImelda V. GuanioKathleen L. PapionaSheila I. InsaurigaRenato A. AranteMelcario D. PagtalunanPaolo D. RenivaCelestino S. SaquilonNarciso F. DiongzonMyla D. PanolRenato U. Solidum, Jr.Ester B. GarridoFelomina F. CayabyabDindo V. JavierMyleen E.CarlosRhommel N. GrutasAngels Hill RetreatHouse, TagaytayEDSA Plaza Shangri-laHotel, MandaluyongCityAugust 19-21August 26PHIVOLCS, Q.C. Aug. 27-28Manila Pavillon Hotel,ManilaVilla Elena BeachResort, Infanta, QuezonTeatro ng GSIS,Pasay CityNIA Convention Hall,EDSA, Q.C.Manila GaleriaSuitesSept. 09Sept. 17-18Sept. 18Sept. 29Oct. 155 th Cooperation on the Exchange of Informationon Science & Technology in South EastAsiaLeah M. PincaFNRI TrainingRoom, FNRI Bldg.,Bicutan, MMOct. 16-17

Table 5 continued…Title of Activity Name of Participants Venue DurationEarthquake and Volcano Awareness Seminar-Workshopfor Local & Barangay Officialsof Batangas CitySample Preparation by Fusion for Analysis byXRF, ICP and AASTraining Course for Finance and Property OfficersSuccess and Motivation Training-WorkshopBartolome C. BautistaMa. Mylene M. VillegasMa. Leonila P. BautistaJulio P.SabitNorman M. TungolIshmael C. NaragMa. Lynn P. MelosantosEster B. GarridoNora R. CampitaMa. Hannah T. MirabuenoRaymond Patrick R.MaximoAlfredito D. AguilarCharlita L. MarianoMa. Rosemarie J. BautistaLowella A. De GuzmanMyla D. PanolArnold A. VillarFelomina F. CayabyabMadonna L. RamosDindo V. JavierRhommel N. GrutasMyleen E. CarlosTeachers’ ConferenceHall, BatangasCityGaleria Suites, Ortigas,Pasig CityDOST Exec.Lounge, Bicutan,MMDOST Exec.Lounge, Bicutan,MMOct. 28-29Oct. 21Nov. 11Nov. 14Table 7. PHIVOLCS Personnel with MS DegreeName Degree/Course Year Obtained School AttendedMa. Mylene M. Villegas MS in Geology 1997 Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USARowena B. QuiambaoMS in Integrated Map and Geo-information Production.Esmeralda L. Banganan MS in Materials Science Eng'ng 19971997International Aerospace Survey and Geophysics Sci.Enschede, The NetherlandsUniversity of the Philippines, U.P. Campus, Diliman,Q.C.Nemesio M. Canete MS in Management 1996 Leyte Normal Univesity, LeyteSheila I. Insauriga MS in Public Administration 1999 University of Sto. Tomas, Espana, ManilaRamil B. Atando MS in Public Management 1999 University of the Philippines, Visayas, Iloilo CityNanette V.A. Melosantos MS in Public Management 2001 University of Sto. Tomas, Espana, ManilaRebecca E. Valenzuela MS in Public Administration 2002 Wesleyan University, Taft Avenue, ManilaMa. Hannah T. Mirabueno MS in Geology 2002 University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New ZealandEarthquake Awareness Workshop for Localand School Officials of LingayenMa. Mylene M. VillegasMa. Leonila P. BautistaIshmael C. NaragAngelito G. LanuzaBaby Jane T. PunongbayanMyla D. PanolArnold A. VillarFelomina F. CayabyabAngelito C. De GuzmanMyleen E. CarlosGulf Restaurant,Lingayen, PangasinanNov. 19-20Table 8. PHIVOLCS Personnel who are currently pursuing Advanced DegreeName Degree/Course School Attended1 st National Congress on Lakes (LakeCon2003)Norman M. TungolMa. Hannah T. MirabuenoMa. Isabel T. AbiganiaDev’t Academy ofthe Phils., TagaytayCityNov. 25-26Teodorico A. Sandoval MS in Geology University of the Philippines, U.P. Campus, Diliman, Quezon CityDante S. Soneja MS in Computer Science University of the Philippines, U.P. Campus, Diliman, Quezon City2003 Geological Convention (GEOCON ’03)Ma. Isabel T. AbiganiaRenato A. AranteTeresito C. BacolcolJessie A. DaligdigMa. Hannah MirebuenoMelcario PagtalunanMyla D. PanolKathleen L. PanionaBaby Jane PunongbayanRegina B. QuiambaoEmmanuel G. RamosNorman M. TungolArnold VillarMa. Mylene VillegasRenato U. Solidum, Jr.Bureau of Soils ConventionHall, QuezonCityDec. 08-10Felomina F. Cayabyab MS in Community Development University of the Philippines, U.P. Campus, Diliman, Quezon CityJanette S. Manahan MS in Seismology Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanWinchelle Ian G. Sevilla MS in Geophysics Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USAPerla J. Delos Reyes MS in Geology University of the Canterbury, Christchurch, New ZeallandConsultation on Guidelines and Tools for Sustainabilityin Community-based DisasterManagement UNCRD-PNRCRenato U. Solidum, Jr.Ma. Mylene VillegasBayview Hotel, ManilaDecember 17Jeffrey F. PerezMS in Environmental Management and InfrastructureDev't. Eng'ng.Saitama University, Saitama, JapanMa. Carmencita A. Arpa MS in Geological Science Michigan State University, Michigan, USAMa. Antonia V. Bornas MS in Earth and Planetary Sciences Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanTable 6. PHIVOLCS Personnel with PhD DegreeName Degree/Course Year Obtained School AttendedRenato U. Solidum, Jr. Ph D in Earth Sciences 2002 University of California, San Diego, California, USAEmmanuel G. Ramos Ph D in Geophysics 1994 Indiana University, Indiana, USAErnesto G. Corpuz Ph D in Geology 1992 University of Canterbury, New ZealandBartolome C. Bautista DSc in Earth and Planetary Sciences 1999 Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanBabyjane T. Punongbayan Ph D in Geophysics 2001 Louis Pasteur University, Strasbourg, FranceRolly E. Rimando Ph D in Geology 2001 State University of New York, Binghamton, USANorman M. Tungol Ph D in Engineering Geology 2002 University of Canterbury Christchurch, New ZealandTeresito C. Bacolcol Ph D in Geology 2003 Perrie et Marie Curie, Universite, Paris, FranceArturo S. Daag Ph D in Applied Geomorphology 2003 Utrecht University, ITC, The NetherlandsMon Pierre Menguito MS in Remote Sensing University of the Philippines, U.P. Campus, Diliman, Quezon CityMa. Isabel Abigania MS in Geology University of the Philippines, U.P. Campus, Diliman, Quezon CityMarilou V. Del Rosario MS in Public Administration. Polytechnic Universtity of the Phils., Sta. Mesa, ManilaRornaldo A. Arboleda MS in Environmental Science University of the Philippines, U.P. Campus, Diliman, Quezon CityCelestino Saquilon MS in Environmental Science University of the Philippines, U.P. Campus, Diliman, Quezon CityRegina B. Quiambao MS in Women and Development University of the Philippines, U.P. Campus, Diliman, Quezon CityArnold A. Villar MS in Information Technology STI College, Cubao, Quezon City

Financial ResourcesFor FY 2003, the PHIVOLCS wasgiven a total operating budget of P159 Mfrom the GAA and GIA sources. Of this totalallotment, P152M was obligated consistingof 36% which went to Personal Services,53% to MOOE, and 11% to Equipment Outlay.In terms of S&T activity, the followingare the distribution of expenditures: 74% forS&T Services, 7% for R&D, 0.31% for S&TEducation and Training and 19% for GASS.The budget expenditure breakdown isshown in the table below.By S&T Activity, Source of Funds andExpenses ClassificationS&T Educ..31%Total: P 152,380.0PHIVOLCS 2003 BudgetPercent Distribution of Expenditures by S&T Activity(In Thousand Pesos)GASS19.04%6.84%R&D73.82%S&T ServicesTable 9. Distribution of PHIVOLCS Expenditures, CY 2003S&T ActivityTotal ExpenditureExpenditure by Source of FundsTotal (Regular +Other Sources) Regular Appropriation (GAA) Other SourcesTotal P.S. M.O.O.E. C.O. Total P.S. M.O.O.E. C.O. Total P.S. M.O.O.E. C.O.Total 152,380.00 56,036.00 80,276.00 16,068.00 147,882.00 55,910.00 77,841.00 14,131.00 4,498.00 126.00 2,435.00 1,937.001. Research andDevelopment2. TechnologyDelivery3. S&T Servicesa. InformationServicesb. Technical Services4. S&T Education& Training5. Development,Integration & Coordinationof theNational Researchor S&TSystem6. General AdministrationandSupport Services10,419.00 5,450.00 3,962.00 1,007.00 6,881.00 5,324.00 1,557.00 - 3,538.00 126.00 2,405.00 1,007.006,805.00 4,793.00 1,082.00 930.00 5,845.00 4,793.00 1,052.00 960.00 - 30.00 930.00105,677.00 29,504.00 62,042.00 14,131.00 105,677.00 29,504.00 62,042.00 14,131.00 - - - -465.00 265.00 200.00 - 465.00 265.00 200.00 - - - - -29,014.00 16,024.00 12,990.00 - 29,014.00 16,024.00 12,990.00 - - - - -*TAPI(In Thousand pesos)

KEY OFFICIALS 2003RENATO U. SOLIDUM, JR DirectorUSEC. FLORENTINO O. TESOROOIC, Office of the Director(January 2003)EMMANUEL G. RAMOS Deputy DirectorERNESTO G. CORPUZ Chief, Volcano Monitoring andEruption Prediction Division(VMEPD)BARTOLOME C. BAUTISTA Chief, Seismological Observationand Earthquake Prediction Division(SOEPD)NORMAN M. TUÑGOL OIC, Geology and GeophysicsResearch and Development Division(GGRDD)MA. MYLENE M. VILLEGAS Chief, Geologic Disaster Awarenessand Preparedness Division(GDAPD)NANETTE V.A. MELOSANTOS Chief, Finance and AdministrativeDivision (FAD)