pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n:ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv{KŸ-I¿Øm-°ƒ:AUz. ]n. kn. amXypsI. hn. amΩ≥{]km-[-I¿:tIm´-bv°¬ ]_vfn-tjgvkvamßm-\w, tIm´bw 686 018 tIcfwt^m¨: 0481 ˛ 2578936

PUTHENKAVU KOCHUTHIRUMENIKATHOLICATTINTE KARUTHANAYA VAKTHAVU(Biography)Adv. P. C. Mathew PulikottilK. V. Mammen KottackalPublishers : Kottackal Publishers, P. B. 10,ManganamKottayam 686018Phone: 0481-2578936First Published : April 17, 2004Copy Right ReservedTypesetting & Printing : Sophia Print House, Kottayam Ph: 3255054Cover : Equations, KottayamRs. 100/-

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 5Ah-Xm-cnI]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n F∂A]-c-\m-a-Øn¬ hfsc {]kn-≤-\m-bn-cp∂,ae-c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS Xpºa¨`{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ bpK-{]-`m-h-\mb Kohdp-Kokvam¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta\nIYmhti-j-\m-bn´v Ac- \q-‰m≠p Ign-p. 1951 G{]n¬ 17 \mWv Xncp-ta\nImew sNbvX-Xv. amXr-C-S-h-I-bmb]pØ≥Imhv sk‚ v tacokv IØo-{Uen¬I_-d-S-°n. Pohn-X-Im-eØv ae--c-k-`-bn¬FºmSpw HmSn-\-S∂v kphn-ti-j-{]-kw-K-ßfmepwBg-amb ]T-\-¢m p-I-fmepw {ipXna-[p-c-ambKm\m-em-]-Øm¬ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°-s∏´ Znhym-cm-[-\-I-fmepw hnizm-kn-Isf kz¿§ob A\p-`q-Xn-bn-te°p \bn-®n-cp∂ B hµy-]n-Xm-hns‚eLp-Po-h-N-cn-{X-߃ ]eXpw CXn-\Iw {]kn-≤o-Ir-X-am-bn-´p-≠v."A¿®\' Xncp-ta\n Imew sNøp-tºmƒ _n. F. hnZym¿∞n-bm-bncp∂]pØ≥Imhv sI. Fw. Xc-I≥ cNn® hnem] KZyImhyamWv."_tY-ense Xmac' ]mØm-ap´w Fw. kn Ipcym-t°mkv dºm-®≥ Xs‚t{ijvT Kpcp-hn\p ka¿∏n® A{ip]q-P-bmWv. ae-c k`m]nXm-°-∑m-sc∂ _rl-Ømb Kth-j-W-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ tUmIvS¿ kmapt-h¬ Nµ-\-∏≈n, Xncp-ta\n k`bv°pw kaq-l-Øn\pw sNbvX hne-s∏´ kw`mh-\-Isfhne-bn-cp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. skdm-ºq¿ _n. Un. _ncpZ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-Xhpw kw`m-h-\-Ifpw Kth-jW ]T-\-hn-jb-am°n{KŸ-߃ k÷-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. tPm¨ tXmakv Icn-ßm-´n-e-®≥ ""ae-ck`-bpsS bpKinev]n'' F∂ t{ijvT {KŸ-Øn-eqsSXncp-ta-\nsb A\p-hm-N-I¿°v ]T-\-hn-j-b- -ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂p.IqSmsX ^m. amXyp tImin ""]pØ≥Imhv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv: ae--c-bpsS al-Xz-ap≈ sskØv'' F∂ ]pkvXIw 1997 ˛¬ {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn. B ]c-º-c-bnse G‰hpw HSp-hn-esØ AXn-t{i-jvT-amb ]pkvX-I-amWv Ct∏mƒ {]Im-i\w sNøp∂ ""]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n:ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv'' F∂-Xv.ap≥ kqNn-∏n® {KŸ-ß-fn¬ \n∂p XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-amWv Cu]pXnb ]pkvX-Iw. CXns‚ {]tXy-IX CXv Hcp kºq¿Æ _lph¿ÆkNn{X Poh-N-cn-{X-sa-∂-Xm-Wv. ]pØ≥Imhv Ing-t°-Ø-e-°¬sI. ‰n. tXmakv Iio-»-bpsS c≠m-asØ ]p{X-\mb ˛ F∂pw ae-ck`-bpsS A`n-am-\-`m-P-\-amb ˛ [oc-kp-hn-tij tbm≤m-hns\

6 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvkz¥w Ub-dn-°p-dn-∏p-Ifpw e`y-amb F√m tcJ-Ifpw \ncØn ka-{KambPoh-N-cn-{X-c-N-\-bn-eqsSbpw {KŸ-I¿Øm-°-fmb sI. hn. amΩ≥tIm´-bv°¬, AUz. ]n. kn. amXyp ]pen-t°m-´n¬ F∂n-h¿ A\-iz-c-\m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXv Hcp Poh-N-cn{X {KŸ-sa-∂-Xn-ep-]cn ae-ck`bpsSImdpw tImfpw \nd-n-cp∂ Hcp Zp¿LS Ime-L-´-Øns‚ Ncn{Xkw{Klw IqSn-bm-Wv. Cu hkvXp-X-bmWv Cu {KŸ-Øns‚ {]k‡nh¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Bcm-[y-\mb Xncp-ta-\nsb t\cn-´p- I-≠n-S-s]-´n-´p-≈-hcpw \n¿hymPw kvt\ln-°p∂ {]ikvX k`mw-K-ß-fp-amWv {KŸ-I¿Øm-°ƒ. ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS ]pWyPohn-Xhpw AXpey tkh\ kw`mh-\-IfpwhcpwXeap-dbv°v ssItamiw hcmsX ssIam-dp∂ t{ijvTZuXy-am-Wv Ccp-hcpw Gs‰-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv F∂v CXx]cy-¥-ap≈Ah-cpsS D¬IrjvS IrXn-Iƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. B ZuXy-Øn¬ Hcps]m≥Xq-h-ep- IqSn IrXm¿∞-X-tbmsS klr-Z-b-cmb A\p-hmNIka£w t{ijvT ]nXm-hns‚ 53 -˛mw Nc-a-hm¿jnI Zn\-Øn¬ Ah¿ka¿∏n-°p-∂p. Cu {KŸw kz¥-am°n hmbn®p ]Tn®v Bflob-{]-_p-≤-X-tbmsS PohnX km£y-Øn¬ apt∂dn hµy-]nXmhv XpS-ßnh®v]n≥X-e-ap-dsb `c-ta-ev]n®ncn-°p∂ t{ijvT ZuXyw ]q¿Øo-Icn-°p-I-sb∂Npa-X-e-bmWv C∂p k`mw-K-߃ Gs‰-Sp-t°-≠-Xv.At±-l-Øns‚ Bflob aI\pw Xpº-a¨ `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ ]n≥KmanbpwFfn-b-h-\p-amb F\n°v At±lw F∂pw {]tNm-Z-\hpw sh√phn-fn-bp-am-Wv.AXn-t\m-Sp≈ _e-lo-\-amb {]Xn-I-c-W-Øn-eqsSbmWvk`m-Po-hnX ip{iq-j-bn-ep≈ A¿∞hpw hym]vXnbpw Rm≥ Is≠-Øp-I. At±-l-Øns‚ AZr-iy-amb A\p-{K-lm-in p-Iƒ kzoI-cn®psIm≠n-cn-°p∂ Rm≥ Cu {KŸ-{]Imi\-Øn¬ AXy-[nIw kt¥mjn-°p-∂p.ae--c-k` Cu {KŸ-I¿Øm-°-tfmSv hfsc IS-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. AhcpsSXZvhn-j-b-I-amb bXv\w XpS-cp-hm≥ th≠ Ignhpw Btcm-KyhpwPK-Zo-iz-c≥ \¬I-s´-sb∂p {]m¿-∞n-°p-∂p. A¿∞-h-Ømb {KŸcN-\-bn-eqsS Ah¿ \n¿∆ln-°p∂ k`m tkh\w hfsc hne-s∏-´-XmsW∂Xncn-®-dnhv k`m-a-°ƒ°v D≠m-h-Ww. Ime-Øns‚ i‡-ambIpsØm-gp-°n¬ hnkvar-X-am-bn-t∏m-ImsX k`m-\-`- n¬ Ncn{X hkvXp-X-Iƒ ssNX-\y-h¬°-cn-°p∂ kmln-Xo-tk-h-\-amWv Ah¿ \n¿∆ln-°p-∂-Xv.Iq∏p-ssI- -tbmsS ssZhsØ kvXpXn-®p-sIm≠pw Cut{ijvTb⁄-Øn\v F√m \∑-Ifpw t\¿∂p sIm≠pw {]Im-in-X-am-Ip∂ CuSp‰ {KŸ-Øn\v {]Np-c-{]-Nmcw D≠m-h-s´-sb∂v Biw-kn-®p-sIm≠pw Cu Ah-Xm-cn-Ibv°p hncmaw CSp-∂p. ssZhw A\p-{Kln-°-s´.]Ø-\w-Xn´17-˛3-˛2004I¿Ør ip{iq-j-bn¬^oen-t∏mkv am¿ butk-_n-tbmkv

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 7St. Mary’s Orthodox CathedralPuthencavu, Chengannurk`m\uIbpsS kmcYnhmKv{]hmlØns‚ A\nXc km[mcWamb i‡nbm¬ aec \{kmWnIfpsSBflm`nam\sØbpw hnizmksØbpwkSIpSsgpt∂¬∏n°phm≥ IgnA\pKrloX\pw Imdpw tImfpw \ndB]XvL´ßfn¬ k`m\uIsb adnpt]mImsX ImØpkq£n® ss[cyimenbmbkmcYnbpw, BflnI Z¿i\hpw Hu∂XyhpwHØnWßnb ]finXhcy\pw aeck`mcmaØnse emhWytImInehpambncp∂p]pØ≥Imhn¬ sIm®p Xncpta\n. At±lsØ Ipdn®v ]Tn®pwAt\zjWw \SØnbpw thZ imkv{XcwKØv ]T\w \SØp∂h¿°pw, km[mcW°m¿°pw Hcpt]mse BkzmZyamb coXnbn¬ Hcp{KŸw Na® sI. hn. amΩ\pw AUz. ]n. kn. amXyphn\pw Fs‚Hcmbncw BiwkIƒ.Cu {KŸØn\v Hcp Biwk FgpXpI F∂p≈Xv HcpssZh\ntbmKambn Rm≥ ImWp∂p. ]utcmlnXyip{iqjbpsSBcw`\mfpIfn¬ Fs‚ `mjmssienbnse sX‰pIƒ XncpØphm≥Fs∂ klmbn® KpcpXpey\mb amΩ≥ kmdns‚bpw AUz. amXyphns‚bpw Cu cN\bv°v `mhpI߃ t\cpIbpw, ]pØ≥ImhvsIm®pXncpta\nsb I≠n´n√mØ Fs∂t∏mep≈h¿°v, t\cn¬I≠v kmbqPyw {]m]n°p∂Xn\p klmbIamb coXnbn¬ Xncpta\nsb AhXcn∏n®Xnep≈ \µn Adnbn°pIbpw sNbvXp sIm≈p∂p.Xncpta\nbpsS _lphn[ kn≤nIsfbpw hn{iaclnX amb{]h¿Ø\ßsfbpw a‰pw H∏nsbSpØv AhXcn∏n®ncn°p∂{KŸI¿Øm°ƒ°pw {KŸØn\pw {]m¿∞\m\n¿`camb BiwkIƒ.sNß∂q¿ _tY¬ Aca\ AWØnse am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkvkvamcIaµncw, IpSi\mSv sk‚ v Ão^≥kv IØo{U¬ AWØnse am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv Aca\s°´nSw F∂nh Fs‚ ta¬t\m´Øn¬ ]Wnbm≥ km[n®Xn¬ Rm≥ kt¥mjn°p∂p.]pØ≥Imhv1˛3˛2004^m. amXyp hdpKokv ]pfnaq´n¬hnImcn

8 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvBapJw\nemhpw \ngepw IWs° ap°m¬ \q‰m≠v AkvX-an-®p. tImSn-°-W-°n\p L\-bSn sh≈w A®≥tIm-hn-em-dn-eqsS Hgp-In-t∏m-bn.kly-]¿∆-X-Øns‚ km\p{]tZ-i-ß-fnse ae-a-S-°p-I-fpsS CS-bn¬InS-°p∂ {]tZ-i-amWt√m ]Ø-\w-Xn-´. B cay `qhn-`m-K-Øns‚ aIp-S-amWp AXnat\m-l-c-amb am°-mw-Ip∂v. Np‰pw Ingp°mwXq°mb Ncnhp-Iƒ.Ing°p hiØp A—kv^SnI Xcw-Kn-Wn-sb∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ A®≥tImhn-em-dn-\m¬ ]cn-tk-hn-X-amb ]®hncn® s\¬hb-ep-Iƒ. Ip∂ns‚ A[n-XyIbn¬ \n∂p t\m°n-bm¬ Np‰p-]m-Spap≈ÿe-ß-sf√mw IÆn¬ ]Xn-bpw. ]cn-kc {]tZ-i-ß-fn-se-hnsS\n∂p ho£n-®mepw Db¿∂ am°mw-Ip∂pw ZrjvSn-tKm-N-c-am-Ipw. BIp∂p Ib-dm\pw hogmsX Cd-ßm\pw \√ Btcm-Ky-hpw {]k-cn∏pap≈h¿°pt]mepw \t∂ {]bm-kw.s]m∂n≥IpS-Øn\p s]ms´∂ t]mse Cu \b\taml-\-ambIp∂ns‚ s\dp-I-bn¬ Gg-c- Z-im_vZw apºmWv Hcp ]TnØhoSp {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Fs‚ ko\n-b¿ kplr-Ømb k`m-Ihn shÆn-°pfwkn. ]n. Nm≠n-bpsS `mj-bn¬ ]d-m¬ ""]Ø-\w-Xn-´bv°p NnØ{]`m-]qcw {]Zm\w sNbvX'' km£m¬ kc-kzXo\ne-bw. Ip‰n-°m-Sp-Ifpw Iqcºp kam-\-amb I´m-c-apƒs®-Sn-Ifpw sh´n am‰n Inf®p \nc∏m-°nb ÿe-Øp-b¿∂ hnZym-e-bm--W-Øn¬ Aßnßv Iq¿Øp-b¿∂Im´pI√p-Iƒ \nc sX‰nb apS-º-√p-Iƒ t]mse Fgp∂p\n¬°p-∂p≠v.Hcp I√n-senepw Im¬ X√m-sXbpw X´m-sXbpw ap´m-sXbpw \S-°m-\m-hmØ ÿnXn. Cu FgpØp]≈n GsX-nepw ImeØp HcpD∂X Iem-e-b-am-Ip-sa∂p≈ Dƒ°mgvN ÿm]-I¿°v At∂ D≠mbn-cp-∂p.As√-n¬ ]ns∂ XpS-°-Ønse c≠p \ne-bv°p≈ BgambAkvXn-hmcw F¥n-\n-´p? Icn--√n¬ Xo¿ØXpw Im¿ta-L- ta-J-esb kv]¿in-°p-∂-Xp-amb B hnZym-e-b-amWv ]≠p R߃ ]Tn®GI-\ne ImtXm-en-t°‰v sslkvIqfpw cq]-`-{Z-X-bp≈ C∂sØ D]-cn-\ne ImtXm-en-t°‰v tImfPpw. ÿnc-{]-XnjvT t\Snb ImtXm-ent°-‰ns‚kap-∂X {]XoIw.BImikpµ-cnsb Bth-i-]q¿∆w ]cn-cw-`Ww sNøm-s\∂ptXm∂p-amdp IpXq-leNnØbmbn \ne-sIm-≈p∂ \b-\m-`n-cm-a-ambam°mw-Ip-∂ns‚ ASn-hm-c-Øn¬ BZyw FØn-b-t∏mƒ Xs∂ hnZymebÿm]I {][m-\n-bmb B I¿Ω-tbmKn Ipam-c-\m-ims‚ {]ikvX-amb""\fn-\n-bnse'' Znhm-I-c-tbm-Kn-sb-t∏mse ˛

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 9""Ip∂pX∂-Sn-bn-se-Ø-thkzbw\n∂pt]mbvQ-SnXn Nn¥ ]q≠ -t]m¬''F∂p ]d-m¬ sX‰n-√.{]`mXw s]m´n hnS¿∂n´v A[nIw Bbn-´n√. Infn-I-fpsS Ie-]n-e-Iƒ°n-S-bnepw ]e hoSp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw {]`mX {]m¿∞-\-bpsS \mZho-Nn-IƒDb-cp-∂p. AXm, AXn-kp-µc Itf-_-c-\mb Hcp bphmhvIp∂n-dßn hcp-∂p. sNp-∏mb [mcn, \cbv°p ]nSn sImSp-°mØXmSn-ao-i. Xmcm-n-X-amb intcmhkv{Xw {]`mX aµm-\ne\n¬ Aek-ambnNen-°p-∂p.- km-£m¬ D¬^p√ _me-c-hn-t]mse Im¥n-am≥._mem¿°civan-bn¬, ]Ø-c-am-‰p≈ XsØ sh√p∂ apJm-c-hn-µw.IqSp-X¬ Xnfßn hnf-ßp∂ t\{X-Zz-bw. Im®nsb-SpØ I\-I°-´nsb]n∂n-em-°p∂ ]qta\nbpw Ic-N-c-W-ßfpw. \√ Btcm-Ky-Øn-s‚bpwtNmc-Øn-f-∏n-s‚bpw {]k-cn∏v B \S-ØØn-ep-S-\ofw {]Xn-^-en-°p∂p.Km\-K-‘-h¿∆s\t∏mepw ]n≥X-≈-Ø° \mZ-am-[p-cn-bpsS Dd-hnSw.A£cm¿∞-Øn¬ Xs∂ Km\-tIm-In-ew. BwKe kmlnXy `wKnbpwIhn-I¿ΩIpi-e-Xbpw, Imhym-fl-I-Xbpw HØptN¿∂p Ic-I-hnsmgp-Ip∂ hmKvhnemkw, CS-X-S-sht\y aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ \ofp∂{]`m-jW {]hm-lw. F¥p-sIm≠pw ]p©ncn XqIp∂ Hcp k\ym-knbp-sSkmXz-nI cq]w.Bcm-WnXv...! A©mdp Zim-_vZ-߃°p apºv Bbn-cØnsØm≈mbn-cØn\mev]-Xp-I-fn¬ sIm®p¢m p-I-fn¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ Rm≥BZy-ambn I≠ ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS Cu Nn{Xwk]vXXn Ign-n´pw Fs‚ lrZ-b-`n-Øn-bn¬ C∂pw ambmsX ]®]nSn®p \n¬°p-I-bm-Wv. Xncnp t\m°p-tºmƒ hn{i-a-sa-s¥-∂-dnbm-ØsIm®pXncp-ta-\n-bpsS Xnc-t°-dnb Pohn-Xhpw henb t\´-ßfpwXnc-sbm-gn-bmØ Bgn-bpsS ASn-Ø-´n-t\mSpw ]c-∏n-t\mSpw kam-\-amsW∂Xncn-®-dn-hp-≠m-Ip-∂p. -A-Xn¬ \n∂p th≠{X tImcn-sb-Sp-°mt\m k`mw-K-߃°p Bthmfw \¬In Ahsc kwXr-]vXcm-°mt\m ka¿∞-cmb k-a-Im-en-Icpw A¿lX-bp≈ kl-{]-h¿Ø-Icpw D∂X _ncp-Z-ß-fp≈ kº-∂-cmb kzin-jy-∑mcpw At±lw Znhw-K-X-\mbn Ac \q‰m≠p Ign-n´pw CXp-hsc cwKØp hcmXpsIm≠mWp R߃ B [\y-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ D≈-d-I-fn-te°p Dufnbn-Sm≥ DZy-an-°p-∂-Xv. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncpta\nbpsSad-°m-\m-hmØXpw al-Ø-c-hp-amb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ kam-l-cn®v

10 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvC∂sØ Xe-ap-dbv°pw hcpwXe-ap-d-Iƒ°pw th≠n kz¿Æ-°n-Æ-Øn¬ ka¿∏n-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂Xn\p c≠p ]£-an-√. I\ym-Ip-amcnapX¬ tKmK¿Æw hsc ˛ A√ ]pØ≥Imhp apX¬ Ip∂w-Ipfw]gn hsc ˛ th≠{X t]mj-Im-lm-ctam hn{i-atam kpJ-bm{XmkuI-cytam IqSmsX \S∂pw ssk°n-fn-epw Imf-h-≠n-bnepw s]´nh≠n-bnepw h≈-Ønepw sse≥ _knepw t^m¿Uns‚ ImesØ]g-©≥ Imdnepw k©-cn®pw AØmgw IqSmsX sN‰-∏pc t]msebp≈]≈n-I-fpsS sjUp-I-fn¬ h√Xpw Xn∂v A¥n Dd-ßnbpw, ]eNn¥-I-fm¬ Zo¿L-k-abw Dd-ßm-sXbpw k`mw-K-ßsf ]nXm-°-∑m¿Hcn-°-embn `c-ta-ev]n® kXy-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ Dd-∏n®p \ndp-Øp-Ibpwk\m-X\ hnizm-km-Nmc kap-®-bsØ kpJ-Po-hn-X-Øn\pw ]W-Øn\pw ÿm\-am\ {]Xm-]-߃°p th≠n Xosd-gp-Xnb \ho-I-cW˛ doØp-{]-ÿm\ t\Xm-°-fpsS sImSpwh©-\-Isf C©n-©mbn Iodnap-dn®pXpd∂p Im´p-Ibpw A{]-Xn-l-X-amb {]`m-jW ˛ {]t_m-[\{]f-b-Øn¬ k`mw-K-ßsf \na-÷\w sNbvXp \n¿Ω-eo-I-cn-°p-IbpwsNbvX sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n Ip∂w-Ip-fsØ acØpwtIm´p h®p A{]-Xo-£n-X-ambn ac-W-a-S-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ ae-c k`mw-K-߃A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ Dd ap-t]mse Ne-\-i-‡n-b‰p \ne-sIm-≈p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. Ah-cpsS IÆp-Iƒ ZpxJ-Øns‚ IdpØ aqSp-]-S-a-Wn-p. F∂n-cn-°nepw k`mw-K-ß-fpsS AI-°Æp Xpd∂ B {]`mjWwA¥y hN-\-ß-fm-sWt∂m A©p Zim_vZw am{Xw Xm≠nbB Pohn-XsØ ISpØ s\©pthZ\ h©n®v A]-l-cn-°p-sat∂mBcpw kz]vt\]n Nn¥n-®n-cp-∂n-√.""Benw-K-\-Øn--emip acn-°p-sa˛∂mcm-\p-apt≠m \ncq-]n®Xoiz-cm''F∂p Ihn ]mSn-bXp t]mse ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Øp‰ ˛ Dd-°-an-√mØ DW¿∆p≈ ˛ Imh¬ tk\m-\n-bmbncp∂psIm≠v At±lwsNbvX AXyp-÷e {]`m-jWw GXm≠p hnI-kz-c-amb B PohnXapIp-fsØ "Hcp hoW ]qhm°n' am‰n-sb∂v GXm\pw aWn-°q¿ Ign--t∏mƒ am{X-amWp Ip∂w-Ip-fsØ {]_p-≤cpw kSIpS-s-gpt∂‰hcp-amb\{kmWn knwl-ß-fn¬ Xocm-\-jvSt_m[ap-≠m-°n-bXv.sXmÆq-dp -h¿jw apºv alm-Ihn Ipam-c-\m-im≥ cNn® "hoW-]qhnse'BZy ]Zy-amb""lm! ]pjv]ta, A[n-I-Xpw-K-]-Z-Øn-se{Xtim`n-®n-cp-∂n-sXmcp cm⁄n IW-°-tb \o

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 11{io`q-hn-e-ÿn-c ˛ Akw-ibw ˛ C∂p \ns‚...bm`q-Xn-sbßp, ]p\-scßp, InS-∏n-tXm¿Øm¬''F∂ hcn-Iƒ A°m-eØv A¥-cn® AXn-a-t\m-l-c-\mb ]pØ≥Imhp sIm®pXncp-ta\nbpsS `uXn-Im-h-in-jvSsØ ap≥Is≠-gp-XnbXmhmw F∂p k`-bnse GsX-nepw Hcp `mjmkvt\ln `mh\sNbvXv A`n{]mbs∏-´m¬ AXn¬ sXs‰m∂pw Btcm-]n-°m-\m-hn-√.At±lØns‚ ""Btcm-a-em-a-gIp, ip≤n; arZp-Xz, am`kmc-fy-sa∂kpIp-amc KpW-Øn-s\√mw'' acWw A¥yw Ipdn-®p.£W-`w-Kp-c-amb temI-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ sFiz-cyhpw {]Xm-]hpwkuµ-cy-hp-sa√mw Aÿn-c-am-sW-∂pw apJw t\m°msX arXypBtcbpw ]nSn-Iq-Sp-sa∂pw IrXm-¥\p It]m-X-sat∂m Igp-Is\t∂mt\m´-ans-√∂pw]c-]o-U\ {][m-\-amb \o≠ Pohn-X-tØ-°mƒ A`n-Imayw ]tcm-]-Im-c-{]-Z-amb {lkz-Po-hn-X-amsW∂pap≈ XXz-Nn-¥bpwZ¿i-\hpw sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS A¥yw \sΩ \nXyw A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv.Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Npcp-ßnb Cu temI Po-hn-X-Ønse G‰hpw lrZb-t`Z-I-amb\nan-j-am-bn-cp∂p Ip∂p-I-sf-t∏mepw Nen-∏n-°m≥ ]cym-]vX-amb Ip∂w-Ipfw {]kw-K-sa∂p km£n-°p-hm≥ R߃°pc≠pcp Nn¥n-t°≠n hcp-∂n-√. sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS henb Kpcphpwhgn-Im-´nbpw ae-ck`-bpsS \q-chpw tIm´bpw Bbn-cp∂ ae-ck`m-`m-kp-c≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv sa{Xmt∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS"\nXym-£-c-ß-tfmSp' InS]nSn-°-Ø° B {]`m-j-W-Øns‚ then-tb-‰-߃ Iev]m¥Ime-tØmfw \ne-sIm-≈p-sa∂pXd-∏n®p ]d-bm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. hnip-≤n-bpsS sl¿tΩm-\nepwHu∂Xy-Øns‚ I¿tΩ-enepw ssZhn-I-km-∂n-≤y-Øns‚ Xmt_m-dnepw\ne-sIm≠ ]pWy-kva-c-Wm¿l-cmb h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsSbpwKoh-dp-Kokv c≠m-a≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bp-sSbpw ]mºmSn Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw IÆn-epÆnbmbn-cp∂p {]Xn-`m-im-en-bmbncp∂ sIm®p Xncpta-\n.k`-bpsS BZysØ Fw. F. °m-c≥ F∂ _lp-aXn e`n® taev]-´-°m-c≥, Xs‚ Kpcphpw hf¿Ø-—-\p-am-bn-cp∂ ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]´m-∏-I¬, ]´sØ sIm´mcPohn-X-Øn\pw ap∏Xp Imin\pwImjmb hkv{X-Øn\p ]Icw Nph∂ ]´p-ta-e-n°pw th≠n h©n®psIm≠pw s\©n¬ Hcp hmƒ IpØn-bn-d°n thZ-\n-∏n-®p sIm≠pwae-a-S-°nse ]¿Æ-im-e-I-fn¬ InS∂ a¨N´n-Isf X´n-am‰ns°m≠pw

12 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvIq\≥Ipcnip kXy-Øn\v Du\w X´n®p sIm≠pw adp I≠w NmSnkº-∂-amb tdmam-k-`-bn¬ tNt°-dp-Ibpw At±-lsØ hnizm-k-]q¿∆w Gev]n-®n-cp∂ hnZym-e-b-߃ XXz-Zo-£-sbt\y _ew {]tbm-Kn®p ssIb-S-°p-Ibpw sNbvX ]›m-Ø-e-ØnemWv At±-l-tØ-°mƒF¥psIm≠pw Ipeo-\\pw Hcp {]apJ sshZnI]p{X\pw kpµ-c\pw_ncp-Zm-\¥ _ncp-Z[mcnbpw ssZh-im-kv{X-⁄\pw {]`m-jW Xne-I\pw ]fin-X-\p-amb ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®pXncp-ta-\nsb AXn-_p-≤nam-\mbh´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Znhy Zo¿L-ZrjvSn I≠p ]nSn-®Xv._Y\n sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS Imep am‰w aqew ae-c k`bv°p]‰nb ]w Igp-In-°-f-bm≥ _Y-\nsb Np‰n Hgp-Ip∂ I√m-dn-\pwI°m-´m-dn\pw Ign-n-s√-nepw ]ºm\Zn XocØp P\n® sIm®pXncpta\ni‡-\m-bn-cp∂Xp sIm≠mWp a≤y-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ doØp-Im¿ ]Whpw tPmenbpw X-°mip h® sImgp-°-´bpw sImSpØp\S-Ønb IS-∂m-{I-a-W-߃°p XS-bn-Sm≥ km[n-®-Xv. am°mw-Ip-∂nepw\nebv°epw I√q-∏m-d-bnepw a‰pw At±lw sNbvX kXy-hn-izm-k\n¿`-c-amb ]pXp-]pØ≥ {]`m-j-W-ß-fp-sSbpw bp‡n-`-{Z-X-bp≈hmZapJ-ß-fp-sSbpw hoNn-Iƒ Ac \q‰m≠p ]n∂n-´n´pw C∂pwa≤yXncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dns‚ hnim-e-hn-lm-b-kn¬ aßmsX Xßn\n∂psIm≠v AS-ßmØ A\p-c-W\-߃ krjvSn-°p-∂p. hn{i-a-cln-X-ambk©m-c-ß-ƒ, \ne-bv°mØ ]≈n-{]iv\ ]cn-lmc {ia-߃,{]kw-K-߃, ]≈n-I-fp-sSbpw ]≈n-°p-S-ß-fp-sSbpw BXp-cm-e-b-ßfp-sS-bpw,Aca\-I-fp-sS-bpw, Zb-dm-I-fp-sSbpw ]Wn-Iƒ bph-P\,h\nXmkamP ktΩ-f-\-ß-fnse ¢m p-Iƒ, k`m-k-am-[m\ N¿®Iƒ,`h-\- k-µ¿i-\w, tcmKn-Isf I≠p {]m¿∞n-°pI, ssXem-`n-tjIw\S-Øp-I, ih-kw-kvIm-c-Øn¬ ]s-Sp-°p-I, hy‡n-_-‘-߃A\yq\w ]men-°p-I, k`m kvt\ln-I-fpsS ho´nse k¬°mcw kzoIcn-°pI,s]mXp-P-\-k-º¿°w i‡-am-°pI, k¿t∆m-]cn k`m-tk-h-\-Øn\p th≠n ka¿∞-cmb Hcp ]‰w sNdp-∏-°msc kwL-Sn-∏n®pw]cn-io-en-∏n®pw FSp-°pI apX-emb {]h¿Ø-\-ßsf ∏‰n hnh-cn-°m≥iX-°-W-°n\p t]Pp-Iƒ th≠nhcpw. Hcp P\-Iob _nj-∏m-bn-cp∂At±lw c≠p Zi-I-߃°n-S-bn¬ Ac \q‰m-≠n-e-[nIw sIm≠psNtø≠ h≥Imcy-߃ \nd-th‰n. X∂n-anØw Hcp alm-k-ap-{ZsØHcp sNdnb a¨Ip-SØnsemXp°n ka¿∏n-°mt\ Ign-n-´p≈p F∂hkvXpX ad®phbv°m≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂n-√.Poh-N-cn{Xw, sIm®pXncp-ta-\n-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn°p∂ henbÿm]-\-߃, Ub-dn-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ, ASpØp \n∂-h-cpsS B¿°pw

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 13\ntj-[n-°m-\m-hmØ km£y-߃ F∂n-ßs\ \mep `mK-ß-fm-bn-´mWv Cu ]pkvXIw kwhn-[m\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. 1929 apX¬ 1951hsc-bp≈ Ub-dn-I-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂ Zn-\-hr-Øm¥w apgph≥tN¿°m≥ km[y-a-√-t√m. X∂n-anØw {]mXn-\n[y kz`m-h-ap-≈XpwclkyOhn Ie¿∂-Xp-amb Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ C∂p IqSp-X¬ ckm-h-lhpw{]k-‡-hp-am-sW-∂p-≈-Xn\p c≠p ]£-an-√. ]g°w sIm≠pw ISem-kns‚\ndw am‰w sIm≠pw ]e Imcy-ßfpw `qX-°-Æm-Sn-bpsSklmbw sImt≠ hy‡-ambn a\- n-em°n Ipdn-°m≥ km[n-®n-´p≈p.]e hyI-Xn-I-fpsSbpw Hma-\-t∏cpw C∂ ho´nse "aq∏n-em≥' XpSßnbNne {]tbm-K-ßfpw Ub-dn-I-fn¬ kpe-`-am-I-bm¬ {]kvXpXhy‡n-Iƒ Bcm-sW∂p _‘-s∏´ IpSpw-_-°m¿t° ]nSnIn´p-Ibp≈p.k`m-kvt\-ln-I-fp-am-bp≈ D‰-k-º¿°w sIm≠pw kvt\lwsIm≠p-amWp Hma-\-t∏cp {]tbmKw hcnI F∂p≈Xn\pw kwiban√.-km-[m-cW \ne-bn¬ sshZn-I¿ \n¿∆-ln-t°≠ IqZm-i-IfpwI¿Ωßfpw sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\nsbs°m≠p sNøn-°p-∂-Xn¬ k`mw-K߃{]tXyI Xmev]cyw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Xncp-ta\n Hcn-°epwAhsc \ncm-i-s∏-Sp-ØmXncn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. CXv a\-»mkv{Xwicn-°p ]Tn-®n-´p-≈Xp sIm≠m-hmw.k`sb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Hcp Ime-L-´-Øns‚ Ne-\-߃ apgph≥H∏n-sb-SpØpw Im®n-°p-dp-°nbpw Fgp-Xnb Ub-dn-Iƒ Rß-fpsSD]-tbm-K-Øn-\mbn kk-t¥mjw \¬Ip-Ibpw ka-{K-Po-h-N-cn{Xw cNn-°p-∂-Xn¬ k¥pjvSn {]I-Sn-∏n-°pIbpw sNbvX tXmakv am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØmtbmSp≈ \µn hmNm-a-tKm-N-c-am-Wv.Ab¬hm-kn-Ifpw, sIm®pXncp-ta-\nsb _meyw apX¬ Xs∂ ASp-Ø-dn-bm-hp-∂-hcpw At±-l-Øns‚ B≤ymflnI {]`m-h-e-b-Øm¬BI¿ jn-°-s∏-´-h-cp-amb H´-[nIw t]cp-≠v. Ah-cn¬ {]ap-J-cm-b dh.tUm. ]n. kn. Cu∏≥ (ssa-kq¿), tUm. ]n. hn. tImin ]q∏-≈n¬,B¿´nÃv sNß-∂q¿ t__n, Fw. C. Ae-Ivkm-≠¿, sI. Fw. tPm¿Pv,Sn. hn. tPm¨ tIm¿ F∏n-kvtIm∏, Ce¥q¿ apX-em-b-h¿ \¬Inbkm£y-߃ Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ aqey-Øn\p XneIw Nm¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-tcmSp≈ \µn {]tXyIw Bte-J\w sNøp-∂-Xn¬ AXnc‰B\-µ-ap-≠v.sIm®pXncp-ta-\nsb Rms\mcp sIm®p-Ip´nbmbn-cp∂ Imew apX¬ImWp-Ibpw At±-l-Øns‚ am°mw-Ip∂v I¨h≥j≥ {]kw-K-߃tIƒ°p-Ibpw 1948 apX¬ 51 hsc ASp-Øn-S-s]-Sp-Ibpw Nne-t∏mƒH∂n®p Im¿ bm{X \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≈ Hcp hy‡n-sb∂

14 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv\ne-bn¬ F\n°p ]e Imcy-ßfpw B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn ]d-bm≥ Ignbp-sa-∂p≈Bfl-hnizmkw Fs∂ `cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsSktlm-Z-c\pw sSen-t^m¨ hIp-∏nse Hcpb¿∂ DtZym-K-ÿ\pw,sNß-∂q¿ `{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm tXmakv am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkns‚]nXm-hp-amb sI.- Sn. tXmakpw Rm\pw GXm\pw h¿jwtIm´bw ssh. Fw. kn. F. bn¬ Xma-kn-®n-´p-≠v. A°m-eØp IpSpw_˛ k`m Imcy-߃ Rß-fpsS N¿®°p hnj-bo-`-hn-®n-cp-∂p. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS as‰mcp ktlm-Z-c\pw Np-Ød am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv satΩmdn-b¬kvIqƒ ÿm]-I\pw t]meokv k_v C≥kvs]-IvSdpambn-cp∂sI. Sn. tPmk^v Fkv. sF. BIp-∂-Xn\p apºv R߃ sslkvIqfn¬]Tn-°p∂ ImeØp ]e-t∏mgpw kvIqfnepw t_kn¬ Ac-a-\-bnepw h∂p I≠n´p≠v. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ktlm-Zco ]p{X-∑m-cmb .....Sn. Fkv. G{_-lmapw (sIm-®p-Æq-Æn) Sn. Fkv. sskaWpw Fs‚kplr-Øp-°-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ ae-bmf at\m-c-a- Ãm^n¬ tN¿∂tijw i-c-t®-´s‚ {]Xn\n-[n-bmbn _me-P-\-kJyw {]h¿Ø-\-ßfn¬G¿s∏-´n-cp∂ ImeØv Sn. Fkv. sska¨ (Ipptam≥) Hcp{]apJ _me-P-\-kJyw t\Xm-hmbn dm∂n-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂p.At±lw t\csØ A°c IS-∂p. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS injy-{]-ap-J\pwZo¿L-Imew ]pØ≥Imhv sslkvIqƒ slUvam-Ãdpw _tY¬ Aca\amt\-P-cp-am-bn-cp∂ ]tc-X-\mb ^m. ]pen-ap-JØv ]n. Pn. tPm¿÷vtIm¿F∏n-kvtIm∏m ]Ø\wXn´ ImtXm-en-t°‰v sslkvIq-fn¬ Fs‚A[ym-]-I-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. tXmakv am¿ AØm-\mtkymkv Xncp-ta-\nbpw(_m_p) Rm\pw hnZym¿∞n {]ÿm-\-Øn¬ GXm\pw h¿j-߃]s-Sp-°p-Ibpw ASp-Øn-S-s]-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX Imcyhpw ad-°m-\m-hn√.sIm®pXncp-ta-\n-bpsS sk{I-´-dnbpw A¥y-Im-esØ k¥-X-k-l-Nmcn-bp-am-bn-cp∂^m. ]n. Fkv. kmap-h¬ tIm¿F∏n-kvtIm∏m (A∂psiΩm-i≥, C∂v Ata-cn-°-bn¬) hnZym¿∞n{]ÿm\w P\-d¬ sk{I-´-dn-bmbn tkh\w A\p-jvTn-°p-tºmƒ _men-Im-a-T-Øn¬ h®p 1958˛¬\SØs∏´ {]ÿm\w I\IPq_nen kw_-‘n® kph-\n¿ FUn‰psNbvXv {]Im-i\w sNøp∂ Npa-Xe Fs∂-bmWv Gev]n-®n-cp-∂-Xv.k¿thm-]cn sIm®pXncp-ta-\n-bpsS hew ssIbpw `{Zm-k\ sk{I-´-dn-bp-am-bn-cp∂ ^m. ]n. C. Um\n-tb¬ sslkv°q-fn¬ aq∂p h¿jwFs‚ A`n-h-µy-\mb A≤ym-]-I\pw Rß-fpsS ^pSvt_mƒ Soans‚{]apJ tIm®pw AXn-k-a¿∞-\mb Ifn-°m-c\pambn-cp-∂p. IqSmsXt_kn¬ Zbdm AwK-ß-fmbncp∂ ^m. F. ‰n. K{_n-tb¬ Im¿Øn-I∏-≈n, ^m. tPm¿÷v fm°q¿, shÆn-°pfw kn. ]n. Nm≠n, ^m. kn.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 15hn. amXyqkv Xpº-a¨, sXtbm-t^m-dkv dºm-®≥ (A∂p sI. kn.DΩ≥), ^m. Sn. Fw. hdp-Kokv, Ct∏mƒ Ata-cn-°-bn-ep≈ ^m. Fw.sI. tXmakv. ^m. Fw. C. CSn-°pf tIm¿F∏n-kvtIm∏m, F. Pn.sNdn-bm≥ Bdm-´p-]pg apX-embhsc√mw F\n°p hfsc ASp∏ap≈kap-∂X hy‡n-I-fm-Wv.sslkvIq-fn¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ sIm®pXncp-ta\n Nne Ah-k-c-ßfn¬¢m n¬ h∂v Cw•ojv ]Tn-∏n-®Xpw C∂se \S-∂Xp t]mseHm¿°p-∂p.Rß-fpsS am°mw-Ip∂p I¨h≥j-\nse Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Km\-am-[pcyw Xpfp-ºnb ˛ BflnI ]obq-j-[mc ]I¿∂ ˛ {]`m-j-W-ß-fpw{]k∂a[p-c-am-b ˛ Nncn -tXm-cmØ ˛ apJhpw C∂pw kvac-W-bpsSIÆm-Sn-bn¬ AW-bmsX hy‡-ambn \ng-en®p \n¬°p-∂p. Xncp-ta\nBfl-k-t¥mjw \ndp Be-]n®psIm≠n-cp∂ ]e Km\-ß-fn¬G‰hpw {][m\w ""Icp-W-°-Sse Rm≥ t\m°pw..'' F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂pF∂-Xn\p kwi-b-an√. B kzccmK kp[-bn¬ ebn-°p-∂-h¿°pBflm-hn-eqsS Hen®p e`n®ph∂ Km\m-\-µ-e-lcn H∂p thsd-bm-bncp-∂p.\ne-bv°mØ Bfl-k-t¥mj ]obq-j-Øn¬ IpXn¿Øv \nebv°¬˛ ]pXp-∏≈n {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw I√q-∏m-d-bn-ep-sa√mw hnX®hnØp-Iƒ ]£n-Iƒ dm©msX \qdp-ta\n hnf-p. Cu {]kw-K-ßfpsSIpdn-∏p-Iƒ FgpXn Xøm-dm-°m≥ Ncn{Xt_m[-ap≈ Fs‚ k`mw-K-ß-fn¬ B¿°pw Xs∂ Ign-n-√t√m F∂ Nn¥ Fs∂ IqSp-X¬ hnjm-Z-Nn-Ø\m-°p-I-bm-Wv. B {]kw-K-Øns‚ Xcw-K-߃BImi-tØm-f-ap-b¿∂v kz¿§-Øns‚ I\I tkm]m-\-Øn¬ X´n A\pcW\wkrjvSn-°p-∂p-≠mhpw F∂ Nn¥ C∂v F\n°v Ipd-s®ms°Bizmkw \¬Ip-∂p, sIm®pXncp-ta\o""\o ad-mepw Xnc-b-Sn°pw\oe-°p-bnse \n≥ Km\-sa∂pw''F∂ hcn-Iƒ Ihn Aßsb-∏-‰n-bm-bn-cn°pw Adn-bmsX Be-]n-®-sX∂p kam-[m-\n-°-s´.{]ikvX k`m-N-cn-{X-Im-c-\mb AUz. ]n. kn. amXyphns\-t∏mseIp∂w-Ip-f-hp-ambn _‘s∏´ ae-ck`m -Im-cy-ßfpw a\x]mT-am°nbalm-\mb Hcp hy‡nsb C∂p ae-ck`-bn¬ ImWm-\m-hn√. ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS A¥y {]`m-j-W-Øns‚ t{imXmhpwZrIvkm-£n-bp-am-W-t±-lw. X∂n-anØw AtX-∏‰n B[n-Im-cn-I-ambnFgpXn kwth-Z\w sNøm≥ ]‰nb, ad-hn-bn-√mØ as‰mcp hy‡nbn

16 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvs√∂p≈ hkvXpX Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ am‰p h¿≤n-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂pF∂ kXyw Bh¿Øn®p {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂-Xn¬ kt¥m-j-ap-≠v. KthjWXev]-c-Xbpw Adnhv B¿÷n-°p-∂-Xn-ep≈ AS-ßmØ ZmlhpwFgp-]-Xn-t\m-S-Sp-Øn´pw tUmIvS-td‰p t\Sm-\p≈ Bflm¿∞-amb A`n-\n-th-ihpw amXyphns‚ apJ-ap-{Z-bmbncn°p-∂p. k`m-N-cn{X kw_-‘-amb Fs‚ Ffnb {ia-߃°v h¿j-߃°p apºp apX¬ Xs∂ssIØm-ßepw kl-I-c-Whpw \ncp]m-[nIw \¬Ip-∂Xp sIm≠mWvASpØImeØv GXm\pw k`m-N-cn{X ˛ Poh-N-cn{X {KŸ-߃kmam\yw \√ \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ Cd-°m≥ km[n-®-sX-∂p≈ hkvXpX\µn]q¿∆w FSpØp ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ koam-Xo-X-amb kt¥m-jhpwkwXr-]vXn-bp-ap-≠v. \nbaw, kmln-Xyw, Ncn{Xw apX-emb taJ-e-Ifn¬Htc kabw hnl-cn-°p∂ amXyp -Im-]Syw Fs¥-∂-dn-bmØ\njvI-f--\mb Hcp ]ø-s\-t∏m-se kZm ]p©ncn s]mgn-°p∂ Hcpkvt\-l-k-º-∂\pwAXn-ep-]cn HuZmcy-\n-[n-bmb klm-bnbpamsW∂v A`n-am-\-]q¿∆w Bte-J\w sNøp-∂Xv Bflm¿∞-X-bpsSBg-Øn¬ \n∂psIm≠m-Wv.sIm®pXncp-ta-\nsb R߃ henb BZ-c-tØmSpw A`n-am-\-I-cambA\p-kva-c-W-I-tfmSpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ A\p-hmN-I¿ k`mtk-h\kw_-‘-amb k¬t{]-c-W-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≠m¬ AXn-ep-]cnbmb {]Xn-^ew R߃°p e`n-°m-\n-√. k`bv°p th≠n Poh≥_en-b¿∏n® Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]mh\ kvac-Wbv°p apºn¬ Btflmt∑jw {]Xo-£n®p-sIm≠v R߃ Xe-Ip-\n°p-Ibpw {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.amßm\w17-˛4-˛04sI. hn. amΩ≥tIm´bv°¬AUz. ]n. kn. amXypsI. hn. amΩ≥

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 17D≈S°wBiwk tXmakv am¿ AØm\mkntbmkv 3AhXmcnI ^oent∏mkv am¿ butk_ntbmkv 5k`m\uIbpsS kmcYn ^m. amXyp hdpKokv ]pfnaq´n¬ 7BapJw sI. hn. amΩ≥ tIm´bv°¬ 81. DZn®pb¿∂ I\IXmcw 182. Ingt°Øebv°¬ XdhmSv 213. Im¿taLw ad® Nt{µmZbw 264. Ncn{X{]kn≤amb ]pØ≥Imhv 285. hnZym`ymkImew 366. {]K¬`\mb A≤ym]I≥ 477. k`m¥co£Øn¬ ho≠pw sImSpm‰v 498. Hcp clky kµ¿i\w 529. ]q¿Æ siΩm»≥ 5510. sshZnI ]Zhnbnte°v 5811. "B Iev]\ ]n≥hen°cptXm?' 6012. Koh¿Kokv dºm≥ 6713. alm]ptcmlnX ÿm\tØ°v 7014. A∂sØ Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\w 7615. Genbmkv XrXobs‚ Zpc¥hpw, sIm®pXncpta\nbpsS kµ¿i\hpw 8216. kvIqfpIƒ Xncn®p ]nSn°p∂p 8917. A·nIpfiØn¬ Hcp cmPIpamc≥ 9718. _tYense _meknwlw 10019. t_kn¬ Zbdm 10420. HuNnXyt_m[w 10721. HmXd ZbdmbpsS inev]n 11122. ]≈n°qSßsf kvt\ln® {][m\mNmcy≥ 11823. doØv Nq≠Iƒ 13024. k`m sk{I´dntb‰v ˛ k^eamImØ tamlw 13725. k`m kam[m\hpw Xncpta\nbpw 14126. Bflob {]h¿Ø\߃ 15027. A¥ybm{X 15528. Ip∂wIpfsØ \nXym£c{]kwKw 16329. aS°bm{X 17130. ""lm! ˛ Dd°an√mØ Hcp cm{Xn ˛ acn°pw'' 17531. ]pØ≥Imhnte°p≈ hnem]bm{X 18032. PohnXØnte°v Hcp FØnt\m´w 18433. NpØd Fw. ]n. Fw. lb¿sk°≠dn kvIqƒ 197`mKw 2 1. henb I¿ΩIpie\mb sIm®pXncpta\n 2002. I¿Ω\ncX\mb almNmcy≥ 2073. B¿´nÃv t__nbpsS [\ykvacWIƒ 2114.ImtXment°‰v sslkv°qƒ BZy_m®nse Hcp "]øs‚' kvacW 2205. ]pØ≥Im-hn\p \jvS-am-bXv Hcp ImtXm-en°m 2226. kvt\lkº∂≥ 226`mKw 3 1. Ubdn°pdn∏pIƒ 227

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 19a\ojnIfpsS a\ ns‚ ASnØ´n¬ B s]m∂p Xncpta\n C∂pwPohn°p∂p. AhnSsØ Xr°c߃ A¿∏n®n´p≈ Znhy_enbn¬]sSp°m≥ Ir] e`n®h¿ Hcp ]ctam∂X Znhym\p`qXnbmbn Bhnip≤ Ip¿∫m\sb lrZbØns‚ D≈dIfn¬ Fs∂∂pw ImØpkq£n°pw. Xncpta\nbpsS Bcm[\m KoXßfpsS Akpe` a[pcna\pI¿∂ `‡P\߃°v AsXmcp Xocmelcn Xs∂ {]Zm\w sNbvXp.B Km\K‘¿∆s‚ kzcam[pcn Cu aÆn¬ Hcp ambm {]]©wkrjvSn®p. k‘ym{]m¿∞\bv°v "R߃°p≈ I¿Ømth,Rm\nl\n{Zsbmgnn´v.....' F∂p XpSßp∂ am¿ At{]ans‚lrZblmcnbmb {]m¿∞\mKoXw a‰mcpw sNm√nt°ƒ°mØ Hcp{]tXyI coXnbn¬ Xncpta\nbpsS ]pjvIe IWvT\mfØn¬ \n∂vDW¿∂pbcptºmƒ k¿∆NcmNcßfpw tImcnØcn®v \n∂p t]mIpw.]cn]mh\amb kmbwk‘yIfn¬ Xncpta\n Fgp∂≈n k‘ym hµ\w\SØp∂ hnip≤ tZhmebØn¬ \n∂v Db¿∂p s]mßp∂lrZblmcnIfmb kvtXm{XKoX߃ tI´v doti≥ amemJamcpw,{km∏nIfpw, kIe kz¿§ob tk\Ifpw \n›bambpw B\µ \n¿hrXnt\Snbncn°mw. Xncpta\nsb I≠n´n√mØhtcmSv AºØn\memwhb n¬ a¨adp t]mb B alm]ptcmlnXs‚ alnaIƒ ]dv^en∏n°phm≥ {ian°p∂Xp XnI®pw {ia km≤yamWv.1951 G{]n¬ 17 sNm∆mgvN cmhnse ]tØIm¬ aWn°v B]cnip≤s‚ Bflmhv Xs‚ {kjvSmhns‚ Xncpk∂n[nbnte°vbm{Xbmbn. acØwtImSv ]≈ntbmSv A\p_‘n®p≈ sIm®pInS∏p apdnAt±lØn\p acWiø Hcp°n. Xncpta\nbpsS A¥yizmkw ]mh\ambB hnip≤ tZhmebØnse arZpem¥co£Øn¬ hnebw {]m]n®t∏mƒ{]IrXn t]mepw \Spßn \n∂p. ""Ft∏msgm, FhnsStbm, \n\°pXncpa\ mIp∂ {]Imcw ASnbs\ tN¿Øp sIm≈Wta'' F∂p≈]nXm°∑mcpsS {]m¿∞\ AtX]Sn sNm√p Ibpw, B{Kln°pIbpw,sNbvXph∂ncp∂ sIm®pXncpta\nbpsS A¥yktXw, Xm≥ Xs∂inemÿm]\w \SØn, Xm≥ Xs∂ BZyw hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\b¿∏n®acØwtImSv ]≈nbnembn. Atlm! sk‚ v {KntKmdntbmkv tZhmebta!\o F{X `mKyhXn! hnZqcamb Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\Øns‚ Acpa\mY≥Ahkm\ \nanjØn¬ \n∂n¬ icWs∏´v h∂Wt√m. B ]cnip≤]nXmhv Cu ]≈nbn¬ sh®v Imew sNbvXXn\m¬ Xncpta\nbpsS\matØm sSm∏w Cu tZhmebØns‚ \mahpw A\izcamIphm≥ ssZhwkwKXnbm°n.aec k`ma°fpsS lrZbhnImcßsf A∏msS Ih¿s∂SpØpIf B btlmhmbpsS A`njn‡≥ C\n Xncn®p hcmØhn[ws]mbvt∏msb∂ ]cam¿∞w AwKoIcn°m≥ a\ v Ipsd\mƒ

20 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvIq´m°nbn√. At±lØns‚ A¥yimk\w ]ehpcp hmbn®v IÆp\o¿Hgp°nbn´p≠v. At±lsØ°pdn®v FgpXm≥ XpSßptºmƒ \b\߃Cud\Wnv FgpØpw ]e XhW XS s∏SpIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v.Ct∏mgpw ]nSnIn´mØ Hcp tNmZyw a\ n¬ Xßn\n¬ °p∂p. ssZhw,]pØ≥Imhv sIm®pXncpta\nsb Ft¥ C{X s]s´∂v aS°n hnfn°m≥?F{X XXzNn¥m]cambn adn®pw, Xncn®pw \n¿∆Nn®n´pw CXns\mcpkam[m\w In´nbn´n√. Ign Xeapdbv°pw CtX tNmZyw A`napJoIcnt°≠Xmbn h∂n´p≠v. aeck`bv°v hcZm\ambn e`n® ]cpaesIm®pXncpta\ntbbpw ssZhw Ft¥ C{X thKw aS°n hnfn°m≥?A\¥hpw A⁄mXhp amb imizX aqeyßfpsS ]cws]mcpfpIsfhnNn¥\w sNøm\pw, NnIpt\m°n DØcw tXSm\pap≈ Ignhvhn[mXmhv \ap°v \¬Inbn´n√t√m! XXzkwlnXIƒ°pw, thZm¥Nn¥Iƒ°pw D]\njØp Iƒ°pw XeapdIfmbn Xr]vXnIcamb DØcw\¬Im≥ IgnbmØ B tNmZyw C∂pw {]k‡ambn \nesIm≈p∂p.F∂mepw kzm¿∞ taml߃ sIm≠mbncn°mw, ]mhs∏´ sIm®paeck`bn¬ bpK{]`mh\mb s]m∂pXncpta\n Ipd®p\mƒ IqSn\tΩmsSmØv D≠mbncps∂n¬ F∂v a\ v hrYm sImXn®p t]mIp∂p.lrZbta im¥amIp! ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®pXncpta\nsb°pdn®p≈HfnaßmØ kvt\l kvacWIƒ k`bv°v a\xim¥n \¬Is´!

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 212Ings°Xebv°¬XdhmSvam¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv Xncpta\n P\n®Xv sshZnI ]mcºcyap≈]pØ≥Imhv Ings°Xebv°¬ IpSpw_Ønse \mev]Øn H∂masØsshZnI\mbmWv. ]pcmX\ {]kn≤hpw, ]gabpsS skuc`ywXqIp∂XpamWv Ings°Xebv°¬ XdhmSv. AXns‚ ASnthcpIƒ ]e\q‰m≠pIƒ°p ap≥]nep≈ Ime{]hmlØn¬ apßn°nS°p∂p.am¿tØmΩm«olm {InkvXp aXØnte°v B\bn® A©v `´Xncnamcn¬Hcmfmbncp∂p Ings°Xebv°¬ IpSpw_Ønse ]q¿∆nI≥ F∂s{Xhnizmkw. aqeIpSpw_w amthen°c tI{µambn hf¿∂v hnIkn®hSt°Xe°¬ XdhmSmWv. \m\qdntesd sIm√ambn I√q∏md,]Ø\m]pcw, Xpºa¨, ASq¿, ]pØ≥Imhv, ImbwIpfw, Ipº\mSv,I≠\mSv apXemb {]tZißfn¬ Cu IpSpw_Øns‚ imJIƒ ImWmw.""hSt° Xebv°¬ IpSpw_Ncn{X'' Øn¬ (t]Pv 13) Cßns\]dbp∂p: ""`qXImeØns‚ [qabh\nIbv°p≈n¬ adv InS°p∂\ΩpsS IpSpw_Øns‚ Dev]Øn Ncn{Xw, Ncn{X hkvXpXIfpsSshfn®Øn¬ ]p\cmJym\w sNøpI XnI®pw t¢iIcamb Hcp{]{InbbmWv. Fnepw tIcf°cbnse BZna {InkvXym\nIfpsSNcn{Xw ]cntim[n®v sN√p∂h¿°v amthen°c Bÿm\am°n P∑wsIm≠ Cu IpSpw_Øns‚ ]ucmWnIX t_m≤yamIpw F∂ Imcyw\nkvX¿°amWv.''""amthen°cbn¬ XmbvØSn Dd∏n®v hnhn[ ÿeßfnte°vimtJm]imJIsf \o´n AhnShnsS thcpIfnd°n hfhpw, sh≈hpwtiJcn®v ]pXpi‡nbm¿÷n®v ]ns∂bpw sImºpIƒ \o´n hf¿∂p]¥en®v InS°p∂ Hcp almhr£amWt√m \ΩpsS IpSpw_w.''hSs°Xebv°¬ Xdhm´nse Hcp imJ ]pØ≥Imhn¬ Xmakn°m≥ CSbmbn. AXn\p≠mb ImcWw Xmsg sImSp°p∂p.aeck`bnse hnJymX\mb am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv F∂ Bdmwam¿tØmΩm sa{Xmt∏meoØm ]pØ≥Imhn¬ Hcp tZhmebw ÿm]n®p.CXns‚ \n¿ΩmWsØ°pdn®v "\ncWw {KŸhcn'bn¬ hniZambnsImSpØn´p≠v. 1793 \hw_¿ 29 \p ]≈n ]Wnbm≥ Bcw`n®p. ]Wn]q¿Ønbm°n 1795 s^{_phcn 13 ˛\p IqZmi sNbvXp. ]pØ≥Imhv]≈n Bÿm\am°nbmWv hfsc°mew Bdmw am¿tØmΩm k`m

22 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv`cWw \SØnbXv. At±lw D]tbmKn ®ncp∂ apdn Ct∏mgpw BZc]q¿∆w kq£n®phcp∂p. ]pØ≥Imhv ]≈n ÿm]nXamb ImeØvamthen°c ]pXnbImhv ]≈n hnImcn hSt°Xebv°¬ IpSpw_Øn¬s∏´ AhnhmlnX\pw kΩX\pamb sXmΩ≥ IØ\mcmbncp∂p.]pØ≥Imhv ]≈n ]WnbpsS ta¬ t\m´w hln°m≥ Hcp sshZnIs\Bhiyambn h∂p. AXn\v henb am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv I≠p]nSn®XvhSt°Øebv°¬ sXmΩ≥ IØ\mscbmbncp∂p. sXmΩ≥ IØ\m¿]pØ≥Imhv ]≈n hnImcn bmbn {]Jym]n°s∏´p. XpS¿∂v IØ\m¿]pØ≥Imhn¬ h∂v ]pXnb]≈nbpsS hnImcnbmbn NpaXetb‰p.sXmΩ≥ IØ\mcpsS Imcytijn a\ nem°nb sa{Xmt∏meoØmsshImsX A®s\ Xs‚ sk{I´dnbm°n. Xncpta\n hS°≥{]tZißfnse ]≈n kµ¿i\Øn\mbn t]mIptºmƒ Aca\°mcy߃ sXmΩ≥ IØ\msc Gev]n®ncn°pw. hfsc Imcy£aXtbmsSGev]n® tPmenIfpw sXmΩ≥ IØ\m¿ sNbvXph∂p. ANntcWAt±lw sa{Xmt∏meoØmbpsSbpw, ]pØ≥Imhv ]≈n CShI°mcpsSbpw IÆnepÆnbmbn.henb am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv 1808 G{]n¬ F´n\v \mev]Xmwsh≈nbmgvN 80˛mw hb n¬ \ncWw ]≈nbn¬ sh®v Imew sNbvXp.arXtZlw ]pØ≥Imhv ]≈nbn¬ I_dS°n. AXn\ptijwamthen°cbv°p aSßphm≥ sXmΩ≥ IØ\msc CShI°m¿kΩXn®n√. IØ\mcpsS hnes∏´ tkh\w XpS¿∂pw ]pØ≥Imhv]≈n°v e`n°Wsa∂v Ah¿ H∂Sw Bhiys∏´p. kvt\l]q¿∆amb\n¿_‘Øn\p hgßn sXmΩ≥ IØ\m¿ ]pØ≥Imhn¬ Xs∂XpS¿∂p. {]mbm[nIysØ XpS¿∂v At± lsØ klmbn°m≥ A\pP≥]oent∏mkv XcIs\ amthen°c bn¬ \n∂v sIm≠ph∂v Xmakn∏n®p.Ct±lw ]pØ≥Imhv sXcphns‚ ]Snmsd ]IpXnbnse Ingt°A‰Øp≈ ho´nemWv hmkapd∏n®Xv. B `h\Øn\v Ings°Øebv°¬ hoSv F∂p t]cp In´n. Aßns\ amthen°cbnse {]ikvXambhSt°Øebv°¬ IpSpw_Ønse AwKw ]pXnbImhv sXcphnseIngt° A‰Øp≈ ho´n¬ Xmakn®t∏mƒ "Ingt°Øebv°¬' Bbn.am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv Xncpta\nbpsS ]nXmhmb Ingt°Øe bv°¬tXmΩm IØ\m¿, s]cpamƒ XcIs‚ ]p{X\mbn 1036 I¿°n SIw 18 \pP\n®p. ImbwIpfØv heyΩbpsS ktlmZcs‚ ho´nemWv ]nd∂Xv.sNß∂q¿ tImcpf Bims‚ Iogn¬ {]mYanI hnZym`ymkw Ign®p.XpS¿∂v AßmSnbv°¬ kvIqfnepw, ImbwIpfw anUn¬ kvIqfnepw,amthen°c Kh¨sa‚ v sslkvIqfnepambn hnZym`ymkw ]q¿Ønbm°n. A°meØv ]pent°m´n¬ am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv A©ma≥Xncpta\n amthen°c h®v Ct±lsØ bmZrOnIambn ImWpIbpw

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 23Ct±lØn¬ hnfßnbncp∂ k¬KpW߃ I≠v kpdn bm\n ]Tn°m≥]cpae skan\mcnbnte°v Iq´ns°m≠pt]mhpIbpw sNbvXp. XpS¿∂p≈ sshZnI hnZym`ymksØ°pdn®pw a‰pw A®≥ h´n∏Wt°kn¬sImSpØ samgnbn¬ \n∂v D≤cn°p∂p (1092 I¿°nSIw 20 se samgn):tNmZyw: "\n߃ H∂mw {]XnbpsS (h´t»cn¬ Zoh∂mtkym kns‚)injy\mWv At√?' DØcw: "A√, H∂mw {]Xn Fs∂ Ipd®p ]Tn∏n®n´p≠v. Rm≥ ]cpae skan\mcnbn¬ ]Tn®n´p≠v. ]cpae skan\mcnbn¬ Rm≥ H∂p c≠p h¿jw ]et∏mgmbn ]Tn®n´p≠v. ]ns∂ Rm≥sa{Xm®∑mcpsS IqsS \S∂p ]Tn°pIbmbncp∂p. Rm≥ skan\mcnbn¬Bbn´p ]Tn®Xp ]cpae skan\mcnbn¬ am{Xsabp≈q. 56, 57 CuB≠pIƒ°nSbv°mWv Rm≥ skan\mcnbn¬ ]Tn®Xv. AhnsS Fs∂]Tn∏n®Xp am¿ {KntKmdntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØmbmWv (]cpaeXncpta\n). Rm≥ ]cpae skΩn\mcnbn¬ sN∂t∏mƒ H∂mw{]Xn(h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n) ta¬ ¢mkn¬ ]Tn°pIbmbncp∂p. H∂mw {]Xnta¬ ¢mkn¬ ]Tn®Xn\p tijw am¿ {KntKmdntbmkv k¿°o´pt]mbAhkcßfnemWv H∂mw {]Xn Fs∂ ]Tn∏n®Xv. am¿ {KntKmdn tbmkv,tPmk^v am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv F∂nhcpsS IqsS \S∂mWv ]Tn®Xv.k¿°o´n¬ IqsS \S°p∂ siΩmi∑msc sa{Xm∑m¿ ]Tn ∏n°pw.AXn\p {]tXyIw kabw h®n´p≠v. tPmk^v Zoh∂mtkym kns‚ IqsS\S∂p ]TnØw IgnXns‚ tijamWv F\n°p IØ\m¿ ]´wIn´nbXv. ]TnØw Ignv H∂p c≠p amkØn\p≈n¬ ]´w In´n. 62˛¬BsW∂mWv tXm∂p∂Xv. ]´°Semkp t\m°nbmse \n›bw t_m[n∏n°mhq. F\n°p ]´°Semkp H∏n´p X∂ncn°p∂Xp sbutk^v am¿Zoh∂mtkymkmWv. ]pØ≥Imhv]≈nbnte°mWv F\n°p ]´w X∂Xv.'hn⁄m\{]Zhpw, hfsc ckIchpamWv tXmΩm IØ\mcpsStImSXnsamgnIƒ. A_vZp≈m ]m{Xnb¿°okv h∂p≠m°nbIem]ßsf°pdn®v Hcp ZrIvkm£n hnhcWw F∂ t]mse A®≥ samgnsImSp°p∂p≠v.1058 ˛¬ ]pent°m´n¬ tPmk^v am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkn¬ \n∂vsiΩmi]´w G‰v ]cpae skan\mcnbn¬ XpS¿∂v Xmakn®p hcshsiΩmi≥ hnhmlnX\mbn. sNß∂q¿ Bdm´p]pg tImgn{]ØvNpØn¬ IcnßmIpt∂¬ IpSpw_Øn¬ Koh¿Kokns‚ aIƒ H≥]Xphb p≠mbncp∂ dmtleΩsbbmWv hnhmlw Ign®Xv. 1062˛¬]pent°m´n¬ Xncpta\nbn¬ \n∂p I»o»m ]´w kzoIcn°pIbpw]pØ≥Imhp ]≈nbn¬ hnImcnbmbn NpaXe G¬°pIbpw sNbvXp.\hoIcW°mcpsS AXn{]kcw aeck`sb sRcp°nbncp∂Imew. A∂v aeck`m a°sf BI¿jn°m≥ th≠n kmbn∏p amtcbpwa‰pw sIm≠ph∂v {]kwKtbmKßfpw a‰pw \SØn h∂ncp∂p. CXns\

24 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvXnsc {]XnIcn°m\pw k` hn´pt]mbhsc XncnsI s°m≠phcm\pambnaeck`bn¬ Hcp kwLw cq]h¬°cn®p. am¿ {KotKmdntbmkv kvamcIkphntijkwLw. B kwLØnse {]apJ {]kwKI\pw {]h¿ØI\pambncp∂p Ings°Øebv°¬ tXmΩm IØ\m¿. AXns\°pdn®v92 I¿°nSIw t{Imkv hnkvXmcØn¬ At±lw Cßs\ samgn sImSpØp."Rm≥ kphntijkwLØn¬ Hcp {]mkwKnI\mbncp∂p. BtPmen°v Fs∂ B°nbXv AXn\mbn´v G¿s∏SpØnbn´p≈ HcpIΩn‰nbmWv. B IΩn‰nbn¬ tXcIØp tImin apXemfnbpw Hma√q¿hSt°SØp KohdpKokpw, ]pØ≥ho´n¬ bmt°m_p IØ\mcpw,IShn¬ D]tZinbpw D≠mbncp∂p.'tNmZyw: "\nßsf {]mkwKnI\m°nbXv H∂mw {]Xn IqsStN¿∂mtWm?'DØcw: Fs∂ B°nbXv H∂mw {]Xn A√. H∂mw {]Xn IqsSAdnn´p≠v. At±lw AXn\v hntcm[sam∂pw ]dn´n√. Fs∂{]mkwKnI\mbn´v B°nbXv GXm≠nemsW∂v B≠p Xn´ambn´vHm¿°p∂n√. Dt±iw 84 ˛ sem, 85 ˛sem BWv.tNmZyw: "aec kpdnbm\n kphntijkwLw Fs∂mcp kphntijkwLw Dt≠m?DØcw: aec am¿ {KntKmdntbmkv kvamcI kphntijkwLwFs∂mcp kwLw D≠v. Cu kwLsØ Dt±in®mWv Rm≥ ta¬t_m[n∏n®Xv. AX√msX thsd kphntijkwLw D≈Xmbn F\n°vAdnbn√. am¿ {KntKmdntbmkv kvamcIkphntij kwLw ÿm]n®XptPmk^v am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkns‚ ImeØp tXcIØp sIm®ptIminapX¬ t]cmWv. Rm≥ 88 hsctbm, 89 hsctbm {]mkwKnI\mbncp∂p.R߃ {]kwKn°m≥ t]mIp∂ ]≈n CShI P\ßfn¬ \n∂p amkwhoXw D≈ Hcp kw`mh\bmbncp∂p R߃°v CXn\p {]Xn^eambn\n›bn®ncp∂Xv.' Rm≥ ]e ÿeØpw k©cn®p {]kwKn®p......'Ingt°Øebv°¬ tXmΩm IØ\m¿ kphntij the sNbvXImbwIpfw, ]Ø\m]pcw apXemb ÿeßfn¬ \n∂v ]n¬°meØv[mcmfw `‡P\߃ At±lØns‚ {]kwKw tIƒ°m\pw, hnip≤Ip¿∫m\bn¬ kw_‘n°m\pw ]pØ≥Imhv ]≈nbn¬ h∂psIm≠ncp∂p.\hoIcW°mcpambn ]e ]≈nIfnepw hyhlmc߃ D¤hn®p.]pØ≥Imhv ]≈nsb kw_‘n®pw tIkp≠mbn. ]≈n°p th≠ntIkp \SØm≥ NpaXes∏SpØnbXv Ingt°Øebv°¬ A®s\Bbncp∂p. {]kvXpX tIkn¬ Hm¿ØtUmIvkv I£n°m¿°v ]cn]q¿ÆhnPbw e`n®p.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 25]n¬°meØv _mhm I£n ˛ sa{Xm≥ I£n hg°v Bcw`n®t∏mƒIngt°Øebv°¬ A®≥ h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\nbpsS hewssIbmbnsa{Xm≥ I£n°p th≠n [ocambn t]mcmSn. h´n∏Wt°kn¬ 23˛mwkm£nbmbn 1092 I¿°nSIw 18 apX¬ 23 hsc At±lw samgn sImSpØp.samgnbn¬ \n∂v BZysØ Ipd®p`mKw Xmsg s°mSp°p∂p.""]pØ≥Imhn¬ Ingt°Øebv°¬ s]cpamƒ XcI≥ aI≥ tXmΩmIØ\m¿ kXyw sNbvXp t_m[n∏n® samgn. Rm≥ Cu tIkn¬ 20˛mw{]XnbmWv. Rm≥ aec bmt°m_mb kpdnbm\n k`bnse Hcp]´°mc\mWv. Fs‚ CShI∏≈n sNß∂q¿ ]pØ≥ImhmWv. Cu]≈nbn¬ \m\qdv ho´pImcp≠v. Ct∏mƒ B ]≈nbn¬ Rm≥ Dƒs∏sSc≠p ]´°mcp≠v. at‰ ]´°mcs‚ t]cv Bepwaq´n¬ ]t{Xmkv IØ\m¿F∂mWv. Cu ]≈nbn¬ \memw {]Xnsb (_mhmI£n `mKsØ am¿Iqdntemkv) A\pIqen°p∂ ]´°mtcm P\ßtfm C√.....'kvXpXy¿lamb k`mtkh\Øn\p tijw hb mbt∏mƒ A®≥kzKrlØn¬ hn{iaPohnXw \bn®p h∂p. hfsc Ipd®p ZnhksØBekyØn\p tijw 84 ˛masØ hb n¬ 1945 s^{_phcn 15 \vAt±lw \ncymX\mbn. Koh¿§okv ZznXob≥ ImtXmen°m _mhmbptSbpw a‰p Xncpta\namcpsSbpw, At\Iw ]´°mcpsSbpw, `‡P\ßfpsSbpw km∂n≤yØn¬ ]pØ≥Imhv ]≈nap‰Øv I_dS°n.am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv Xncpta\nbpsS amXmhv dmtleΩ hfsckz`mhsshinjvSyap≈ IpSpw_n\nbmbncp∂p. a°sf ssZhm{ibØn¬ hf¿Øm\pw, Ah¿°v \√ kmtcm]tZi IYIƒ ]dpsImSpØv DØa ]uc∑mcpw k`mkvt\lap≈hcpambn hf¿Øm\pwAh¿ {]tXyIw {i≤n®p. Xncpta\nbpsS icocIm¥nbpw, apJ `wKnbpwAΩbn¬ \n∂pw `mjW{]mhoWyhpw, kzcam[pcnbpw ]nXmhn¬ \n∂pwe`n®XmsW∂v Ahsc ASpØv Adnn´p≈h¿ ]dptI´n´p≠v.]≈n°p ]pdØv hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\bnse KoX߃ tI´p \n¬°p∂Hcmƒ°v B tIƒ°p∂ i_vZw tXmΩm IØ\mcptSXmtWm]oeIvknt\mkv Xncpta\nbptSXmtWm F∂v kwibw tXm∂pambncp∂phs{X! _Y\n kaqlkp∏ocnbdmbncp∂ ^mZ¿ Ipdnbmt°mkvH. sF. kn. Cu hkvXpX ]e XhW RßtfmSv ]dn´p≠v. a°sf√mw\√ \nebn¬ FØn°mWphm \p≈ sku`mKyw ]oeIvknt\mkvXncpta\nbpsS amXm]nXm°ƒ°v e`n®p. 1947 s^{_phcn 10 \mWvXncpta\nbpsS amXmhv A¥cn®Xv.

26 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv3Im¿taLw ad®Nt{µm-ZbwIng-s°-X-e-bv°¬ A®s‚ ZznXob ]p{X-\mbn 1897 Pq¨ 10 hymgmgvNKoh¿Kokv F∂p t]cmb am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm `qPm-X-\m-bn. P\-\-Øn-ep-≠mb Akm-[m-c-WXzw Fgp-XmsX hn´p-I-f-bp-∂Xvicn-b-√-t√m.hS-t°-Ø-e-bv°¬ IpSpw-_-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ "hS-t°-Ø-e-bv°¬ IpSpw_-hw-im-hen ˛ ]pØ≥Imhv imJ' F∂ A≤ym-b-Øn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂`mKw Xmsg D≤-cn-°p-∂p. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]nXm-hmb tXmΩm IØ-\mcpsSUbdn°pdn-∏p-I-fn¬ \n∂p shfn-hm-Ip∂ A¤p-X-I-c-amb hkvXpXF∂p ]d-mWv hnh-c-߃ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv. AXp-sIm≠v CuImcy-߃ Xo¿Øpw hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-am-Wv.""........- Ip-´nsb amkw XnI-bm-sX-bmWv {]k-hn-®-Xv. ImcWwAΩ K¿`n-Wn-bm-bn-cn°sh ]ip-hns\ Id-°p∂ hgn ]ip-hns‚ GdpsIm≠v(]n≥Imep-sIm-≠p≈ sXmgn) adnp hoWp. AXns‚ c≠mwZnh-k-amWv {]khw \S-∂-Xv. c≠p Znh-k-tØ°v Ip´n°v Ne-\-tam,km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn-ep≈ izmtkm-—zm-ktam D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ip´n Ic-n√. CS-hn´v \ndw amdn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. Ip´n acn®p F∂p kwi-bn®vI´n¬Iogn¬ ]mf-bn¬Øs∂ sh®n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ AΩsb ip{iq-jn-®n-cp∂ Bb-bpsS {i≤ Ip´n-bnepw ]Xn-n-cp-∂p. c≠p Znh-k-Øn\ptij-amWv Ip´n-bpsS Ic-®n¬ tI´-Xv. GXm≠v aq∂p Znh-k-߃°ptijw kzt_m[w hoWpIn´nb AΩ Ipv Pohn®n-cn-°p∂p F∂vAdnp. Cßs\ acn®p Pohn® Hcp Ipns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ ssZh-Øn\v {]tXy-I-amb Xncp-hp≈w D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v hnNm-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬sX‰n√.''am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta\n \ncym-X-\mbn aq∂p amkw Ign-bp-∂-Xn\p ap≥t] Ip∂w-Ip-fØp \n∂p "am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv kph-\n¿' F∂t]cn¬ Hcp kvac-WnI 1951 ¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. Xncp-ta-\n-sb-°p-dn-®p≈[mcmfw hnh-c-߃ B kvac-Wn-I-bn¬ D≠v. At±-l-hp-ambn ASpØ_‘w ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp∂ kplr-Øp-°-fp-sSbpw, sshZn-I-cp-sS-bpw, _‘p-°-fp-sSbpw kvac-W-Iƒ kph-\n-dn¬ tN¿Øn-cp-∂p. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsSktlm-Z-c≥ sI. ‰n. tPmk^v A∂v \ne-ºq-cn¬ Bbn-cp-∂p. "R߃Bdp t]cm-bn-cp∂p' F∂ Xe-s°-´n¬ lrZb-kv]¿in-bmb Hcp teJ\wkvac-Wn-I-bn¬ D≠v. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS P\-\-sØ-°p-dn®v AXn¬ ]d-n-

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 27cn-°p∂ `mKw Xmsg Ipdn-°-s´ (]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv kph-\n-¿, t]Pv 72).""......- C-t∏mgpw R߃ Hm¿°p-∂p-≠v. AΩ-bpsS B h¿Æ-\, ]cn-{`a-tØm-Sp-Iq-SnbB A\p-`hw ˛ ]q¿Æ-K¿`n-Wn-b-s√-nepw F´mw amk-Øn¬ (1072 CShw 29) Rß-fpsS AΩ Hcm¨Ip-ns\ {]k-hn-®phs{X!izmtkm-—zmkw Ds≠∂p ]q¿ÆDd∏p \¬Ip-hm≥ Hcp-Øcpwapt∂m-´p-h-∂n-√. AtX ˛ ss[cy-s∏-´n-√. BtcmSpw Dcn-bm-SmsX \mep-Znh-k-tØmfwB amwk-]n-fisØ Hfn-®p- am-‰n-h-®p. {]kvXpX Znh-k߃°n-S-bn¬Ip´n-bpsS ico-c-Im¥n amdn-am-dn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. ]e-t∏mgmbnGgp hnhn[ h¿Æ-߃ {]Xy-£o-`-hn-®p-sh-nepw HSp-hn¬ X\nNph-∏mWv A¤p-Xm-h-l-ambn ]cn-tim-`n-®-Xv. AtXm-Sp-IqSn Ip´n Ic-bp-Ibpw, amXr-ip-{iq-jm-Zn-Iƒ°v A¿l-\m-bn-Øo-cp-I-bp-amWv D≠m-b-Xv.A∂v AΩbpw Npcp°w Nnecpw am{Xw Nn{Xo-I-cn® B k]vX-h¿Æ-ßtfm-Sp-Iq-SnbAn-°p-≈n¬ Xs∂ Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ _lp-am\ytXPx]pRvP-ambn B amwk-]nfiw cq]m-¥-c-s∏-´p. 1072 CS-h-Øn¬ ]p{Xhm-’-eym-Xn-tc-I-Øm¬Ipgn®p aqSp-hm≥ aSn®v am‰n Hfn®ph® B amwk-]nfisØ 1126 taS-Øn¬ Xncp ˛ sIm®n-bpsS hSt°A‰w apX¬sXt°A‰w hsc Xs‚ `‡-P-\-߃ ssIØm-cn-te-¥n, A¥-co-£wams‰m-en-s°m-≈n-®v, apd-hnfn Iq´n-s°m≠pt]mb B hnem]bm{X ˛ BcdnpB ]pWyt«mIs‚ P\-\-N-cn{Xw!!''\nio-Yn-\n-bpsS sImSpwXa- n¬ Ings° N{I-hm-f-∏-c-∏n¬ DZn-®pb¿∂ph∂ ]q¿ÆN{µs\ Im¿taL ]Sew \njvI-cpWw ad®p ]nSn®p.B Im¿ta-L-]m-fnIƒ°v hnPbw ssIh-cn-°m≥ Bbn-√. amtem-Ischnkva-b-Øn¬ Bd-mSn®v \oe-hn-lm-b- n¬ iim--_nw_w kph¿Æ{]`sNmcnpsIm≠v DZn-®p-b-cpI Xs∂ sNbvXp. B ]msemfn sh¨N-{µn-I-bn¬ {]]©w apßn-°p-fn®p, \ocm-Sn. Bi--I-fpsS Icn-\n-g¬hogvØnbmbn-cp∂p B t{ijvT alm]ptcm-ln-Xs‚ P\-\-sa-nepw P\-lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬ \dpw \nemhp ]c-Øm≥ A∂v P\n® ssZhnI ss]Xen\v]n¬°m-eØv Ignp F∂v Ncn{Xw km£n-°p-∂p.

28 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv4Ncn-{X-{]-kn-≤-amb]pØ≥Imhv]º. tIcfØnse ]cn-]m-h-\-amb \Zn. P\-e-£-ß-fpsS ]pWyXo¿∞-ß-fmb i_-cn-a-e-bnepw \ne-bv°-epw, Bd-∑p-f-bnepw, ]pØ≥Im-hnepw, \nc-WØpw a‰pw sXmgp-X-tijw hcp-Ws\ hc-W-ameyw AWnbn-°m≥Bth-i-tØmsS ]msm-gp-Ip∂ Z£nW KwK-bmWv ]ºsb∂p]cs° hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu \Zo XocsØ \√ hf-°q-dp≈aÆn¬ alm-∑m-cmb H´-[nIw sshZnI t{ijvTcpw alm-I-hn-Ifpw, ]fin-X-∑mcpw, {]apJ kmln-Xy-Im-c-∑mcpw ]{Xm-[n] tIk-cn-Ifpw cmjv{Sobt\Xm-°fpw kap-∂X kmaq-lnI {]h¿Ø-Icpw D∂X DtZym-K-ÿ-∑mcpwa‰pw Xg®p hf¿∂p ]¥-en-®n-´p-≠v. k¿t∆m-]cn amcm-a¨, sNdp-tIm¬∏pgaX-{]-kw-K-߃ aqew ]º-bnse aW¬Ø-cn-Iƒ aX-km-c-߃ {ihn-°p∂ Xoc-hm-kn-I-tf-°mƒ Bfl-ssN-X\y hmln-I-fm-sW∂p ]d-bp-∂Xpw ]ºm-\-Zn-bpsS al-Xz-Øns‚ aIp-tSm-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn-cn-°pw.]me-°p-∂Øp amXyqkv am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv, tXmakv am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv, ]pØ≥Imhv Ings°Xe-bv°¬ Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ ]oe-Ivknt\mkv,Ing-s°-Ø-e-bv°¬ tXmakv am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv,am¿tØmΩm k`-bnse Ct∏m-gsØ ]oen-t∏mkv am¿ {Intkmkv‰w sa{Xmt∏m-eoØmhsc-bp≈ {]i-kvX-cmb an° am¿tØmΩm sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-amcpw alm-I-hn-I-fmb IÆ-i-∏-Wn-°¿, am[h ]Wn-°¿, sI. hn.sska¨, ]pØ≥Imhp amØ≥ Xc-I≥, ]pØ≥Imhv amΩq-´n¬ Fw.F. tP°_v XpS-ßn-b-hcpw {]ikvX kmln-Xy-Im-c-∑m-cmb CS-bm-d-∑pfsI. Fw. hdp-Ko-kv, tUm. sI. Fw. tPm¿÷v, s{]m^. sI. Fw. Um\ntb¬,s{]m^. sI. Fw. Xc-I≥ apX-em-b-hcpw sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏n-f,]n. kn. tImcpXv XpS-ßnb {]apJ ]{Xm-[n-]-∑mcpw, a{¥n-am-cmbncp∂sI. kn. tPm¿÷v, C. tPm¨ ]oen-t∏mkv, C. tPm¨ tP°_v apX-embcmjv{Sob t\Xm-°fpw ]º-bpsS Xoc-ß-fn-epw aW¬Xn´-I-fnepw Ifn®phf¿∂n-´p-≈-h-cm-Wv. ]pØ≥Im-hn-t\bpw CS-\m-Sn-t\bpw Hcn-S-\mgnt]mse th¿Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw ]e-t∏mgpw ]pØ≥Imhns‚ Ic-Isf Im¿∂pXn∂p-Ibpw {]fb ImeØp sXcp-hnse CSp-ßnb tdmUn-s\-t∏m-epwIgpIn ip≤n-bm-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]º, Ing-s°-X-e-bv°¬ IpSpw-_-Øns‚ A-W-Øn¬ FØn-bn-´p-s≠-nepw Hcn-°epw Krl-{]-thiw \S-Øn-bn-´n-√. ]º-bnse Pe-kar≤n sIm≠mWv AhnsS IqSp-Xepw hr£e-Xm-Zn-Ifpw]pXnb ]pXnb Imhp-Ifpw D≠m-b-sX∂pw Hm¿°-Ww.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 29Aßs\ {]IrXn AWn-bn-s®m-cp-°nb ]pØ≥Im-hnse \ΩpsS kvacy]pcp-js‚ PohnXw kpJ-io-X-f-amb {Kma A¥-co-£-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p F∂pImWmw.ae-ck`m Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Xmfp-I-fn¬ kph¿Æm-£-c-ß-fn¬ ap{Zn-Xamb]Z-amWv ]pØ≥Im-hv. ]gb Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se sNß-∂q¿ Xmeq-°n¬ sNß-∂q-cn\v Ing-°mbn ]ºm-\-Zn-tbmSv tN¿∂v InS-°p∂ {Kma-{]-tZ-i-amWv ]pØ≥Im-hv. ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am-cpsS ÿnc-ambBÿm-\-am-IWw F∂ Dt±-iy-tØmsS henb am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv tZhme-bhpwAc-a-\bpw ]Wn-bm≥ Xnc-s-SpØ ÿew. ]pØ≥Im-hn¬]ºm-\Zn XocØv Db¿∂ Hcp Ip∂mWv ]≈n-bpw, Ac-a-\bpw ]Wnbm≥A\p-tbm-Py-ambn At±-l-Øn\p tXm∂nbXv. B ÿew At±lwXodv hmßn. ÿew hmßnbXns\-°p-dn®pw, ]≈n ]Wn-X-Xn-s\-°p-dn®pwa‰pw "\ncWw {KŸ-h-cn-'bn¬ hni-Z-ambn ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. AXn¬ \n∂vIpd®p `mKw D≤-cn-°p-∂p. CXnse `mj ]gb ae-bm-f-am-Wv (\ncWw{KŸ-hcn Fw. H. kn. ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, t]Pv 156):""Hcp ]≈n sh∏n-°-W-sa∂v ap≥]n-\mse \ncq-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv km[n-∏m≥ sNß-∂q¿ CS-hI Ingt°apdn-bn¬ ]pØ≥Im-hn¬ Itºm-f-Øn¬Hcp\q‰n Nnezm\w hoSpw ]pdsa IpSn-I-fn¬ G‰w am∏n-f-amcpw D≠m-bncn°sIm≠v ]pØ≥Im-hn¬°msc hcpØn∏dv ]p∂cs´ ]≠m-c-Ønse P∑w ]pØ≥Im-hn¬ Ings°A‰Øv ]pØ≥Ime ]dºphmßn°W-sa∂pw \n›-bn®v Itºm-f-°m¿ sN∂v ]≠m-c-Ønse t_m[n-∏n-®m-sd, sa{Xm≥ ]d--b-®-Xn\v t`Zw Cs√-∂pw B[mcw sNbvXpsImSp-°m-sa∂pw I¬]n° sIm≠v 968 ˛mw am≠v anYp-\- amkw 26- ˛\vB[mcw sNøn® hsI°p Xºp-cm≥am¿°p h® sXmgnbnepw, ImWhpw,]nd-®n-e-hpw, Dƒs∏sS G‰w Nne-shm-s°bpw sN-bvXp. amØq-Ø-c-I-\pam-bn´vkvt\l-am-bn-cn° sIm≠v Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv sN∂v Xncp-a-\- -dnbn®v1211 I√y≥ ASn-b-dbpw Xo¿∏n®v \o´pw km[-\hpw hmßn®p Xcn-Ibpw sNbvXp.CXn-s‚-tijw Gdnb ]Ww Nnehn´p I√pw ac-ßfpw hcpØn 969˛mam≠p hr›nIamkw 17- ˛\v sh≈n-bmgvN \mƒ ]Wn XpS-ßn. ]WnIgnp hcp-tºmƒ tZh-kz-bpsS ss]i-Wy-Ømse sNß-∂q¿ t£{X-Øn\p t\cv Ing°v BI sIm≠v tZh¿°v [m∂ykw Ipdp t]mIpsa∂pw,\nXy-Im-cnb tbmKhpw ASn-b-¥nc tbmKhpw IqSn hnNm-cn®v]≈n ]Wn-bn-®v Iq-Sm-sb∂pw Bf-b®p hntcm-[n-®msd ]Wn apS°pIbpwsNbvXp. AXns‚ tijw ]≠m-cØ∑m-cpw, t]m‰n-amcpw, {Kma-P-\-ßfpwIqsS Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-sØ-gp-∂≈nbncn-°p-∂n-SØv sN∂v Adn-bn°sIm≠v I¬]n-®mfp hcn-I-bn¬, ]pØ≥Im-hn¬ \n∂v \mep t]sc Ab-®n-cp-∂p. amØp-Ø-c-I\pw IqsS sN∂v Xncp-ap-ºmsI h®v ]e Znh-khpw

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 33Ct±-l-Øns‚ Ime-Øm-bn-cp∂p {]kn-≤-\mb amØp Xc-Is‚ Db¿®D≠mb-Xv. Xc-I≥ tdmam kpdn-bm-\n-°m-c≥ Bbn-cp-∂p. ]pØ≥Iq¿, ]gb-Iq¿Cu c≠p hn`m-KsØ H∂mbn tN¿°-W-sa∂p Xc-I≥ \nivN-bn-®p. Abmƒ°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ cmP-tk-h-bp-tSbpw Znhy-i-‡n-bp-tSbpwkzm[o\w sIm≠p sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb D]-{Z-hn-∏m≥ XpS-ßn. ]m≠bmess]tem Fs∂m-cmsf Xc-I≥ apJm-¥cw _mt_-en¬ \n∂p sa{Xm-\m°n hcp-Øp-Ibpw bqtdm-]y≥ tdmam sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS A[n-Im-csØhnSp¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂Xp sIm≠p ]pØ≥ Iq-‰p-Im-sc-°qsSAtßm´p tN¿°-W-sa∂p Xc-I\p tamlw P\n-®p. BZy-ambn c≠p`mKØp \n∂pw {]Xn-]p-cp-j-∑msc \nb-an®v aX-hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®p hmZ߃\SØn Pbn-°p∂ I£n-bn-te°p tNc-W-sa-∂mWp A`n-{]mbwD≠m-b-Xv. c≠p aq∂p {]mhiyw Cu Dt±-iy-tØmSp IqSn tbmKw IqSnhmZw \S∂p hcp-tºmƒ Xc-Is‚ kw_-‘-Øn-ep≈ Bsc-nepws]s´∂p acn-s®t∂m GsX-nepw A]-ISw t\cn-s´t∂m Hmtcm B]ØpssZh-IrXym D¤-hn-®-Xn-\m¬ hmZw apgp-h-\m-°p-hm≥ Ign-n-√. ISin,cmP-tkh sIm≠p _ew sNbvI F∂p Xs∂ Xc-I≥ \n›-bn®vam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm tdmam aX-Øn-te°p tNc-W-sa∂pk¿°m-cns\ sIm≠p \n¿_-‘n-∏n-®p. kΩ-Xn-°m--Xn-\m¬ \nc-WØp]≈n-bn¬ h®p sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb XS-p. apdn-bn¬ \n∂p shfn-°nd-°msXaq∂p \mep Znhkw hsc `£Ww t]mepw \¬Im≥ A\p-h-Zn-°msX _p≤n-ap-´n®p. sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS hI kIe kzØp-°fpwI≠p sI´n hns‰-Sp-Øp. HSp-hn¬ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb Be-∏p-gbv°psIm≠p t]mbn XØ-º≈nbn¬ h®p tdmam hnizm-k-Øn-te°p _eambnhg°n ]Øodm h®v 1799 CShw 30-˛mw XobXn Ip¿∫m\ sNm√n-®p.]ns∂ Be-∏pg ]≈n-bnepw I√q¿°m´p ]≈n-bnepw IqsS HmtcmIp¿_m\ sNm√n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. C{Xbpw \S-∂-t∏mƒ XcIs\ \m©p\m´p-Im¿ sNhn sNØn A]-am-\n-®-Xn-\m¬ Xc-Is‚ Du¿÷nXw s]s´∂v£bn-®pw A-tXmSp IqSn sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm Xc-Is‚ Ccpºp \pIsØXI¿ØpIf-p. ]Øodm h®p Ip¿_m\ sNm√n-t∏m-b-Xn\p {]Xn-hn-[n-bm-bn sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS Nne-hn-t∑¬ ae--c-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ F√m]≈n-I-fnepw ]m]-]-cn-lmc Ip¿_m\ sNm√n-®p.CXns‚ tijw sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm {_n´ojv JP-\m-hn¬ B≠n¬\q‰p°v F´p ]en-ibv°p aqhm-bncw ]qh-cm-l≥ dknU≠v I¿W¬ a-°mfn kmbv]p apJm-¥ncw Gev]n®p h´n-°n-´p. Cu apX¬ C∂pw kpdnbm\n0k`bv°vHcp imiz-X-[-\-ambn InS-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ henb am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS \maw temIm-h-km-\-tØmfw \ne-\n¬°-Ø-°-Xm-bn-cn-°p-∂p.A\-¥cw 1806- ˛¬ tUmIvS¿ _p°m-\≥ Fs∂mcp ]mXncn kpdnbm\n

34 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvk` Im◊m≥ h∂n-cp-∂p. sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bp-ambn ]e {]mhiywImWpIbpw XΩn¬ tbmPn-°-W-sa∂p Btem-N\ ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp.sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømtbm tbmPn-∏n\p hfsc CjvS≥ Bbn-cp-∂p Fnepwkpdn-bm\nk`-bpsS hnizm-k-Øn\pw ip≤-Xbv°pw tISp-h-c-Ø-°-XmbbmsXmcp tbmPn-∏n\pw kΩ-Xn-∏m≥ Xøm-dn-s√∂p adp-]Sn ]d-p. hfsc]pcm-X-\hpw XpI-en¬ Fgp-Xn-b-Xp-amb Hcp ssIsb-gpØp thZ-]p-kvXIwsa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm _p°m-\≥ kmbn-∏n\v kΩm-\-ambn sImSp-Øp. Cu]pcm-X\ thZ-]p-kvXIw tIw{_nUvPv k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bn¬ Ct∏mgpwkq£n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.CXp-Iq-SmsX Cu sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS ]cn-{i-a-Øm¬ Imbw-IpfØp]oen-t∏mkv dºm≥ \mep kphn-ti-j-ß-ƒ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ X¿÷nasNøp-Ibpw _p°m-\≥ apJm-¥ncw t_mws_-bn¬ A®-Sn®p hcp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.]pØ-≥Imhp ]≈n Cu sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bm¬ kz¥w Nne-hn-t∑¬]Wn-b-s∏-´p. Ct±lw am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv _mhmtbmSp IqSn ]I-tema‰wXd-hm-´n¬ \n∂p≈ aØmbn IØ-\msc am¿tØmΩm F∏n-kvtIm∏mBbn hmgn-®-tijw 1807 ao\- amkw 27-˛mw XobXn \nc-WØp h®v ImewsNøp-Ibpw ]pØ-≥Imhp ]≈n-bn¬ AS-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. At±l-sØ-∏‰nHcp ]gb {KŸ-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv hfsc`‡\pw kam-[m\ {]nb\pw kuay\pw k`-bpsS Db¿®bv°p AXn-Xev]-c\pwFcn-hp-≈-h\pw ]ndp-]n-dp∏v IqSmsX sRcp°w kln-®-h\pwBbn-cp-∂p F∂mWv. Zo¿Lm-bp pw Zo¿L-`-c-Whpw A\p-`-hn-®p.At±lw ImgvNbv°p kpµ-c\pw Zo¿L-Im-b\pw aSn hsc FØØ-°hÆwXmSn-aoi \o≠-h-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p.Bdmw am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS ]n≥Kman Ggmw am¿tØmΩm Xs‚ Bÿm-\-ambn ]pØ≥Imhv ]≈n sXc-s-Sp-sØ-nepw ]n∂oSv Ft¥m Imc-W-ß-fm¬ B ÿm\w I≠-\m-t´°p am‰n. 1809 ˛\v sIm√w 984 anYp\w22- ˛\p At±lw I≠-\m´v sh®v Imew sNøp-Ibpw AhnsS I_-d-S°wsNøp-∂-Xn\v ]‰nb ÿm\w ImWm--Xn-\m¬ tIme-t©cn∏≈n-bn¬I_-d-S-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. F´mw am¿tØmΩm 1816 -˛\v sIm√w 991Xpem -amkw 12-˛\p \nc-WØv \ncym-X-\m-bn. ]pØ≥Im-hn¬ AS°wsNbvXp.c≠mw am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS ImeØv ae-cbn¬ h∂ A{¥-tbmkv_mhm, ]pØ≥Im-hn¬ Iptd-°mew D≠m-bn-cp-∂-s{X. At±-l-Øns‚ktlm-Z-c-\mb Hcp dºm-®≥ ]pØ≥Imhn¬ sh®v Ncaw {]m]n-®-XmbpwAhnsS kwkvI-cn-°-s∏-´Xmbpw hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. A{¥-tbmkv _mhm,]pØ≥Im-hn¬ \n∂v I√-Sbnte°p t]mbn AhnsS B‰n¬ hoWv arXnb-S-bp-Ibpw,I√-S-∏-≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ct±-l-sØ-

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 35bmWv "I√S Ahp-∏≥' F∂v hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.]pØ≥Imhv {]tZiw ]gb ImeØv Hcp hym]mc tI{µ-ambncp∂p.tIc-f-Øn¬ \m´p-cm-Pm-°-∑m¿ XΩn¬ \nc-¥cw bp≤-ßfpw Iem-]-ßfpwD≠m-bn-cp-∂-t√m. ]S -s]m-´n-∏p-d-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ P\-߃ {]mW-c£m¿∞wkpc-£nX ÿm\-ß-fn-te°v ]em-b\w sNbvXp h∂p. Aßns\ P\-߃ Iq´-ambn hnZq-c-ÿ-eß-fn-te°v ]e {]mhiyw amdn-∏m¿Øn-´p-≠v.B hn[-Øn¬ ss{IkvXh kaqlw ]pØ≥Im-hnepw h∂v Xma-k-ap-d-∏n-®p. ]gb ImeØv "sN´n-sØ-cphv' F∂p ]dp h∂ ÿew {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ hmk-ap-d-∏n®v \{km-Wn-I-fpsS Xmh-f-am-bn. Sn∏p kp¬Øms‚B{I-a-W-Im-eØv Ip∂w-Ipfw B¿Øm‰v Xnßn-∏m¿Øn-cp∂ \{km-Wn-Iƒ sX°≥ Zn°n-te°v HmSn c£-s∏´v AhnsS hmk-ap-d-∏n® Ncn{Xw\ΩpsS apºn-ep≠v. Ic-h-gn-bp≈ bm{X Zpjv°-c-am-b-Xn-\m¬ Pe-am¿§-amWv A∂v P\-߃ apJy-ambn k©-cn-®n-cp-∂Xv. \Zo-Xo-c-ßfn¬ IpSntbdnXma-kn-°p-hm≥ Hcp {][m\ ImcWw AXm-Wv. ]ºbpsS XocsØ]pØ≥Im-hn¬ P\-߃ h∂v Xma-kn-°m≥ CXpw Hcp Imc-W-am-bn.am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS P∑-\m-sS∂ \ne-bn¬ ]pØ≥Imhv ho≠pw Ncn-{X-hn-Zym¿∞n-I-fpsS {i≤m-tI-{µ-am-bn. _meyImewAt±lw ]pØ≥Im-hn-emWv Nne-h-gn-®-Xv. P∑\mSn-t\m-Sp≈ aaX Xncpta\nIme-tasd Ign-n´pw ssIhn´n-cp-∂n-√. {]IrXn ca-Wob-amb {Kmam-¥-co-£-Øn¬ Ifn®p hf¿∂ sIm®pXncp-ta-\n-bn¬ {Kmao-Ws‚ ss\¿Ωey-hpw,Npdp-Np-dp-°pw, {]I-S-am-bn-cp-∂p.- ""\m´n≥]pdw \∑-I-fm¬ kar≤w''F∂m-Wt√m Ihn hmIyw.]pØ≥Imhv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kns\t∏mse B \m´n¬ P\n®phf¿∂v C. Fw. Fkv. a{¥-nk-`bnse a{¥n-bm-bn-cp∂ sI. kn.tPm¿÷ns‚ Bfl-I-Y-bn¬ ]pØ≥Imhv {]tZ-isØ°pdn®v lrZbkv]¿in-bmbnhnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. AXpt]mse alm-I-hnbpw Hm¿ØtUmIvkvk`-bpsS i‡-\mb h‡m-hp-am-bn-cp∂ s{]m^. ]pØ≥ ImhvamØ≥ Xc-I≥ Bfl-I-Y-bnepw ]e teJ-\-ß-fn-epw, Ihn-X-I-fnepw]pØ≥Im-hns\ A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. At±-l-Øns‚ aI\pw, tImfPvs{]m^-k-dpw, tIcf kmlnXy A°m-ZanbpsS A≤y-£\pw Bbn-cp∂tUm. sI. Fw. Xc-I\pw Bfl-I-Y-bnepw a‰pw P∑-\m-Sns\ A\p-kvacn®vFgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v.am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kns\ "]pØ≥Imhv Xncp-ta\n'sb∂v hnfn®phcp∂p. ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta\nam¿ ]pen-t°m-´n¬ F∂ Xd-hmSv \ma-Øn¬ hn{ip-X-∑m-cmbt∏mƒ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv P∑-\m-Sns‚ t]cn¬{]kn-≤-\m-bn. ]pØ≥Im-hns‚ cXv\-am-bn-cp∂p B s]m∂p Xncp-ta-\n.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 39sNbvXp t_m[n∏n® samgn (h´n∏Ww samgn, t]Pv 493)."Fs‚ c≠masØ aI\p siΩmip]´w sImSpØXv Ct∏mgsØ am¿{KotKmdntbmkmWv (]n∂oSv Koh¿§okv ZznXob≥ _mhm). CShIbv°√]cpae skan\mcnbpsS t]cp ]dmWv sImSpØncn °p∂Xv. ]Tn°m≥I¬°´mbv°v Ab®ncn°bmWv. ]´w sImSpØn´v c≠p sIm√ambn.siΩmip]´w sImSp°m≥ RßfpsS CShIbn¬ \n∂pw tbmK°pdnD≠mbn´n√. tbmK°pdn°v Rm≥ Bhiys∏´n´n√. siΩmip]´wsImSpØXp Ip≠d∏≈nbn¬ sh®mWv. AhnsS Fs‚ tij°mcpsShoSp≠v. AXpsIm≠mWv Ip≠d sh®p sImSpØXv.]pØ≥Imhn¬ sh®p sImSp°mXv F¥msW∂p tNmZyw.DØcw: I¬°´mbv°p ]Tn°m≥ Abbvt°≠ kabw ASpØXpsIm≠pw {KntKmdntbmkv sa{Xm≥ Ip≠sd D≈XpsIm≠pamWv.tNmZyw: CShI sa{Xms\s°m≠√msX {KntKmdntbmkns\ s°m≠psImSp∏n°m≥ ImcWw F¥mWv?DØcw: CShIbv°mbn´√ ]´w sImSp∏n®Xv. AXpsIm≠pw ]pØ≥Imhn\p kao]w aec sa{Xmt∏meoØm C√mXncp∂Xp sIm≠pw,RßfpsS CShIbv°p {]tXyI CShI sa{Xmt∏meoØm C√mXncp∂Xp sIm≠pamWv.tNmZyw: Xot_¬ siΩmi\mbn´p thsd B¿s°nepw ]´w sImSpØn´pt≠m?DØcw: F\n°v BZy]´w X∂Xp Xot_¬ siΩmi\mbn´mWv.Xot_¬ Iioim F∂pw ]´w sImSp°mdp≠v. Ahsc s]mXpÿm]\ßfnse ip{iqjbv°mbn´pw, {]kwKØn\mbn´pw \nban°pw. Fs‚aI≥ ]Tn°p∂Xn\p≈ sNehp \S°p∂Xp kvtImf¿jn∏p sIm≠mWv.kvtImf¿jn∏v 25 cq] amkw Ds≠∂mWv Adnbp∂Xv. BcmWvsImSp°p∂sX∂p Rm≥ Adnn´n√. ]Tn°p∂ ]≈n°qS Øns‚t]¿ Rm≥ icnbmbn Hm¿°p∂n√. skdmºq¿ tImfPv F∂mWv]dbp∂Xv. Kh¨sat‚m, ss{]ht‰m F∂dnp IqSm. ^mZ¿Koh¿Kokv (]n∂oSv B¿®v _nj∏v am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv) B tImfPnemWv ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. ^mZ¿ Koh¿Kokns‚ IqsSbmWv Fs‚ aI≥BZyw I¬°´mbv°p t]mbXv. ]Tn°p∂ ¢mkv AdnpIqSm. kvIqƒss^\¬ Ignp≈ ¢mkmWv. Ct∏mƒ XntbmfPnbmWv ]Tn°p∂Xv.tNmZyw: \nßfpsS aI≥ I¬°´mbn¬ ]Tn°p∂ ]TnØwa{Zmkntem, XncphnXmwIqdntem ]Tn®pIqStbm?DØcw: Cw•ojv ]Tn®n´p≈h¿°v Adnbmw. F\n°dnpIqSm.Fs‚ aIs\ I¬°´mbn¬ Ab®p ]Tn∏n°Wsa∂p \n›bn®XpRm≥ Xs∂bmWv. Abmƒ°pw B{Klap≠mbncp∂p.

40 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvtNmZyw: XncphnXmwIqdntem, a{Zmkntem ]Tn°m≥ ]mSn√mØ]TnØw ]Tn°Wsa∂p hnNmcn®mtWm \n߃ aIs\ I¬°´mbv°vAb®Xv?DØcw: siΩmi\v AhnsSs®∂p ]Tn°Wsa∂v B{Klaps≠∂vFs∂ Adnbn®p. siΩmi∑m¿°v AhnsSs®∂m¬ kvtImf¿jn∏vIn´psa∂v Adnhp≈Xp sIm≠pamWv. Rm≥ Nnet∏mƒ aI\p Nne Nn√dklmb߃ sNøpw. CXp ]Ww t]mcmsX hcptºmgmWv.tNmZyw: aI≥ Xmakn°p∂Xp ^mZ¿ KohdpKokns‚ IqsSbt√?DØcw: KohdpKokns‚ IqsSbmtWm F∂dnpIqSm. Ah¿ c≠pt]cpw Hcp sI´nSØnemtWm F∂pw AdnpIqSm. Xmak Øns‚ImcysØ°pdn®p aI≥ FgpXn Ab°mdn√.tNmZyw: H∂mw{]Xnbpw (h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n) ^mZ¿ KohdpKokpwIqSnbt√ \nßfpsS aIs‚ ]TnØs®ehp \SØp∂Xv?DØcw: Ch¿ sImSpØXmbn F\n°dnbn√. kvtImf¿jn∏psIm≠mWv \SØp∂Xv.I¬°´mbv°p ]Tn°m≥ t]mtI≠ kabw ASpØXpsIm≠vkzev]w [rXn ]nSn®mWv siΩmip]´w sImSpØsX∂v A®s‚samgnbn¬ \n∂v [z\n°p∂p≠t√m. siΩmi\mbm¬ ^okv B\pIqeyhpw kvtImf¿jn∏pw e`n°psa∂XpsIm≠v ]ecpw siΩmip ]´wG‰mWv D∂XhnZym`ymkØn\v t]mbncp∂Xv. tIm´bw kn. Fw. Fkv.tImfPnepw, Bephm bp. kn. tImfPnepw Cu B\pIqey߃ \ne\n∂ncp∂p.{]kn≤ kmlnXy\ncq]I\pw, \mSI cNbnXmhpambncp∂ kn. sP.tXmakn\v, tImfPv ^okpw B\pIqeyßfpw In´m≥ ]nXmhvsNm≈tº¬ A®≥ siΩmip]´w sImSp∏n® IY kn. sP. tXma kns‚`mcybpw {]kn≤ kmlnXyImc\mbncp∂ Fw. ]n. t]mfns‚ aIfpambtdmkn tXmakv "Ch≥ Fs‚ {]nb kn. sP.' F∂ {KŸØn¬tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≈Xpw Cu AhkcØn¬ Hm¿Øpt]mIp∂p (kn. sP.tXmakv ]n∂oSv Ip∏mbw Ducn ]´w Dt]£n°pIbmWv D≠mbXv).]Ømw¢mkv dnk¬´v km[mcW sabv Ahkm\amWv hcmdv. kΩ¿sht°j≥ Ignv PqWn¬ tImfPv Xpd°pw. skdmºqcn¬]Tn∏n®ncp∂ ^m. ]n. ‰n. Koh¿Kokv I¬°´bv°p t]mIp∂ Iq´Øn¬At±lsam∂n®mWv hnZym¿∞nIƒ s]mbvs°m≠ncp∂Xv. I¬°´bv°pkao]amWv skdmºq¿. c≠p h¿jw C‚¿aoUnb‰n\p ]Tn®v]mkmbmte _n. Un. °v {]thi\w In´pIbp≈q. KohdpKokv siΩm»≥]Ømw ¢mkv ]m mbn DSs\Xs∂ ]´ta‰v I¬°´bv°v t]mbnC‚¿aoUnb‰n\v tN¿∂ncn°Ww. tXmΩm IØ\mcpsS samgnbn¬

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 41siΩmip]´w sImSpØn´v c≠p sIm√ambn F∂p ]dbp∂p≠t√m. Cuc≠p sIm√w sIm≠v siΩmi≥ C‚¿aoUnb‰v ]m mbn °mWpw.XpS¿∂v _n. Un. °v skdmºq¿ tImfPn¬ tN¿∂ncn°pw. AXmWvCt∏mƒ XntbmfPnbmWv ]Tn°p∂Xv F∂v samgn sImSp °m≥ ImcWw.skdmºq¿ tImfPv A°meØv I¬°´m bqWnthgvkn‰ntbmSvA^nentb‰v sNbvXncp∂p. Ct∏mƒ skdmºq¿ tImfPv kzX{¥ bqWnthgvkn‰nbmWv.B¿®v_nj∏v am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkns‚ PohNcn{XØn¬ At±lwskdmºq¿ tImfPn¬ s{]m^kdmbncp∂ ImeØv \m´n¬ \n∂vka¿∞cmb hnZym¿∞nIsf kvtImf¿jn∏v sImSpØv I¬°´bn¬sIm≠pt]mbn ]Tn∏n®ncp∂Xmbn ]dbp∂p≠v. A°q´Øn¬ Uo°≥sI. ‰n. KohdpKokns‚ t]cpw ImWmw. skdmºq¿ tImfPn¬ sh®vFSpØ t^ms´m F∂ t]cn¬ c≠v {Kq∏v t^mt´m B PohNcn{X{KŸØnep≠v. c≠nepw Uo°≥ sI. ‰n. KohdpKokns\ ImWmw.am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkns‚ PohNcn{XØn¬ Cßns\ ]dbp∂p (t]Pv129): "skdmºq¿ tImfPnse DtZymKw kzoIcn°p∂Xp aqewkzkapZmbØn\p \nch[n \∑Iƒ {]Zm\w sNøphm≥ km[n°psa∂p≈ ZrVhnizmkat{X IYm\mbI\p≠mbncp∂Xv. "ka¿∞ cmbH´t\Iw tIcfob bphm°∑msc {]kvXpX tImfPn¬ {]thin ∏n®vAh¿°v D¬°rjvS hnZym`ymkw \¬Ip∂Xn\p km[n°pw.AXn\pth≠n {]Xnamkw F\n°p e`n®psIm≠ncp∂ iºfØn¬ \n∂vHcp `mKw hn\ntbmKn°mw F∂p am{Xa√ {]kvXpX tImfPns‚A[nIrXtcmSv Bhiys∏´v kvtImf¿jn∏v hmßn Ahsc klmbn°pIbpw sNømw. Aßs\ D¬°rjvS _ncpZ[mcnIfmb GXm\pwsshZnIsc kapZmbØn\p \¬IpIbpw sNømw. GXmZrim`n emj߃\nanØw h´t»cn¬ am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv Xncpta\nbpsS A\p{Klm»nkpItfmSp IqSn IYm]pcpj≥ skdmºqcnte°v t]mIm≥ \n›bn®p.Aßns\ ^m. ]n. ‰n. Koh¿Kokv skdmºqcnse s{]m^k¿ DtZymKwkzoIcn®Xp hgnbmWv ]e¿°pw A∂v _n. Un. _ncpZw t\Sm≥km[n®Xv.''sI. ‰n. Koh¿Kokv siΩm»≥ skdmºqcn¬ ]Tn°p∂ ImeØp≠mb Hcp kw`hw …o_mZmk kaqlØns‚ ÿm]I t\Xmhmbaq°t©cn¬ ]t{Xmkv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv kvacn°mdp≠mbn-cp∂p.HkvXmØntbmkv Xncpta\nbpw A∂v siΩmi\mbn AhnsS _n. Un.°v ]Tn®ncp∂p.am¿ Cuhm\ntbmknt\msSm∏w doØn¬ t]mb am¿ Xntbm ^ntemkvA∂v bmt°m_v siΩm»\mbn skdmºqcn¬ ]Tn®ncp∂p. ^m. ]n. ‰n.Koh¿Kokv F¥p ]dmepw kΩXn®v Xebm´nbncp∂ Hcp

42 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvkm[phmbncp∂p bmt°m_v siΩm»≥. AXpsIm≠v H. M. V. (HisMasters Voice) F∂mWv kl]mTnIƒ At±lsØ Xamibmbnhnfn°mdv. Xm≥ sIm´p∂ XmfØn\v Xp≈p∂ BfmbXn\memWvbmt°m_v siΩmi\v sa{Xm≥ ]´w sImSp∏n®v IqsSs°m≠p \S°m≥am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv ]n¬°meØv {ian®Xv. AXncn°s´. am¿Xntbm^ntemkn\v siΩmi\mbncp∂ ImeØp Xs∂ Aev]w am\knItcmKap≠mbncp∂p. CSbvs°√mw ka\ne sX‰pw. ]ns∂ amdpw. At±lwskdmºqcn¬ ]Tn®psIm≠ncp∂t∏mƒ Hcn-°¬ Nm∏en¬ {]m¿∞n°m≥t]mbt∏mƒ Ieiembn NnØ{`aw D≠mbn. At∏mƒ Nm∏en¬D≠mbncp∂ KohdpKokv siΩmi≥ kXo¿ ∞ys\ ]nSn®psIm≠ph∂p.At∏mƒ bmt°m_v siΩmi≥ KohdpKokv siΩmit\mSv "CXv Fs‚AΩbmWv. AΩbv°v aoibpt≠m' F∂p ]dv Npw_n®p.am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv Imew sNbvXXn\p aq∂p Znhkw apºv Ip∂wIpfw ]gb]≈nbn¬ sh®v aq°t©cn¬ ]t{Xmkv dºm≥, am¿]oeIvknt\mkv Xncpta\nbpambn cm{Xn Ipsd sshIn kwkmcn®psIm≠ncn°th Cu ]gb Imcyw ]dv Ccphcpw Iptdt\cw Nncn®p.]t{Xmkv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv (A∂v aq°t©cn¬ dºm≥) am¿]oeIvknt\mkv kph\ndn¬ FgpXnb teJ\Øn¬ Cu hnhcwtN¿Øn´p≠v.skdmºqcn¬ \n∂v {]ikvXamb \nebn¬ _n. Un. _ncpZw t\Snbtijw KohdpKokv siΩmi≥ \m´nte°v aSßn. skdmºqcnse{]n≥kn∏mfpw, kp{]kn≤ thZimkv{X ]finX\pambncp∂ tUmIvS¿lu∆¬kv IYm]pcpjs‚ A≤yb\ kma¿∞ysØbpw,{KŸ]mcmbWmk‡ntbbpw hfsc {]iwkn®p ]et∏mgpw ]dn´p≠v. \m´n¬ aSßnsbØnb siΩm»≥ "_n. Un. siΩmi≥' F∂v_lpam\kqNIamb t]cn¬ Adnbs∏´ncp∂p.KohdpKokv siΩm»≥ tIm´bw Fw. Un. skan\mcn sslkv°qfn¬ A≤ym]I\mbncp∂p. C°meØv k`bnse {][m\ tI{µßƒkµ¿in°phm\pw, kphntijtbmKßfn¬ {]kwKn°phm\pw Ahkcwe`n®p. 1926 PqWn¬ ho≠pw I¬°´bv°p t]mhpIbpw AhnsS \n∂vCw•ojv kmlnXyØn¬ Fw. F. _ncpZw sk°≠v ¢mkn¬ t\SpIbpwsNbvXp. A°meØv sk°≠v¢mkv hmßn Fw. F. t\SpI£n{]km≤ya√. C∂sØt∏mse ]co£bv°v am¿°vhmcnt°mcns°mSp°n√mbncp∂p. ^mZ¿ ]n. ‰n. Koh¿Kokv Ncn{XsaSpØva{Zmkv k¿∆Iemimebn¬ \n∂v aq∂mw ¢mknemWv Fw. F. ]mkmbXv.{]K-ev`-\mb s{]m^k¿ tPmk^v ap≠t»cn shdpw aq∂mw ¢mknemWvae-bm-f-Øn¬ Fw. F. _ncpZw a{Zmkv k¿∆Iemimebn¬ \n∂pkºmZn®Xv. Aßns\ ]ecpw. Koh¿Kokv siΩm»≥ Fw. F. bv°p

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 43]Tn°p∂ ImeØv sse{_dnbnse H´pan° ]pkvXIßfpw hmbn®pXo¿Øncp∂p. siΩm»s\ ssIbn¬ ]pkvXIan√msX ImWmdn√mbncp∂p. ^pSvt_mƒ, sS∂okv XpSßnb IfnIfnepw, \o¥enepwAt±lw D’ml]q¿∆w ]sSpØp h∂p.Hcp ]gb IØvsX‰v B¿°pw ]‰mw. F{X henb _p≤n-am\pw Nne-t∏mƒ A_≤w]‰pw. Err is human F∂m-Wt√m A]vX-hm-Iyw. sX‰p ]‰n-sb∂v a\- n-em-bm¬ AXv kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw, A_-≤-amWv {]h¿Øn-®-sX∂v tXm∂nbm¬AXv Xncp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-XmWv al-Xz-Øns‚ e£Ww.sX‰ns\ \ymbo-I-cn-°p-∂Xpw AXp I≠n-s√∂p \Sn-°p-∂Xpw Aev]-Xz-Øns‚ e£-W-am-W-t√m. Ing-t°-Ø-e-bv°¬ Koh-dp-Kokv siΩm-»≥1924 Unkw-_¿ A©n\v Fgp-Xnb Hcp IØv X\n°v ]‰nb Hcp sX‰n\vam∏p tNmZn-®p- sIm-≠p-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ssZhm-[o-\-Øm¬ 80 h¿jw ]g-°-ap≈ B IØv ]q¿Æcq]-Øn¬ e`y-am-Wv.IØns‚ D≈-S-°-Øn-te°v IS-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv A∂sØ ae-ck`m-¥-co£w H∂v Ah-tem-I\w sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v. siΩm-»≥ _n. Un.]m mbn \m´n¬ aS-ßn-sb-Ønb kabw. 1921 sabv 16 ˛ \v tIm´bwFw. Un. sslkvIq-fn¬ A≤ym-]-I-\mbn tN¿∂n-cp-∂p. 1924 hsc At±lwAhnsS ]Tn-∏n-®p. sa{Xm≥ I£n ˛ _mhm I£n hg°v D®-tIm-Sn-bn¬\n∂n-cp∂ Ah-k-cw. P\-ßsf k`m-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ D¬_p-≤-cm-°m-\pw,Ahsc Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]£Øv Dd-∏n®p \n¿Øm\pw ]fin-X-\mbKoh-dp-Kokv siΩm-»≥ Xs‚ {]`m-j-W-Nm-Xpcyw \n¿tem]w Nne-h-gn-®p. ae--c-bn¬ Atßm-f-an-tßmfw HmSn-\-S∂v B sIm®psiΩm-»≥{]kw-Kn-®p. _n. Un. siΩm-»s‚ {]kw-K-aps-≠∂v Adn-m¬ P\-߃]≈n-bnepw, I¨sh-≥j≥ ]¥-enepw XSn®p IqSpw. Ah \o≠ {]kw-K-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. bmsXmcp apjn∏pw IqSmsX P\kl-{k-߃ AXp tI´vBkz-Zn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn°pw.{]kw-Kn-°pI am{X-a√ FXn¿I£n-bnse sshZnI {]ap-J-tcmSpw,Aflmb t\Xm-°-tfmSpw Ahkcw In´n-bm¬ siΩm-»≥ X¿°-Øn¬G¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. hS-°≥ `mK-Øp≈ _mhm I£n-bnseNne sshZn-I¿ ISpØ At¥ymJy≥ `‡≥amcpw, henb hmin-°m-cpam-bn-cp-∂p.A°q-´-Øn¬ s]´ Hcp sshZnI t{ijvT-\m-bn-cp∂p hS-I-cbv°-Sp-Øp≈Ipgn-°m´pIpt∂¬ Zb-dm-bn¬ Ignph∂ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ sI. sP Koh-dp-Kokv dºm≥. Ct±-l-Øns‚ Hcp Im¬ Ft¥mtcmKw h∂v apdn®p am‰n-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ \S-°m\pw a‰pw {]bm-k-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂mepw hfsc IjvS-s∏´v k©-cn®v At±lw ]e ÿe-ß-fnepwsN∂p ]‰n-bn-cp∂p. kpdn-bm\n ]fin-X-\pw, Ihn-bp-am-bn-cp∂ At±lwkpdn-bm-\n-bn¬ KoX-ß-fpw, kvXpXn-∏p-I-fpw, Io¿Ø-\-ßfpw kz¥-ambn

44 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvFgpXn siΩm-»≥amsc ]Tn-∏n®p h∂p. At±lw A_vZ≈m ]m{Xnb¿°okv_mhmsb kzmKXw sNøm≥ Hcp ]m´v cNn-®n-cp∂p. B ]m´ns‚Bap-J-Øn¬ dºm-®≥ Cßs\ Fgp-Xn:""hnip≤ «olm-bv°-SpØ At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-Øn≥ta¬ hmWcp-fp∂\n. h. Zn. a. {io tamtdm≥ am¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkv A_vtZZmtemslm ZznXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v hS-IcIpgn-°m-´p-Ip-t∂¬ ]≈n-bn¬ Fgp-∂-≈nb Ah-k-c-Øn¬, _e-lo-\-\mb Rm≥ cNn-®-Xpw, k∂n-ln-X-cm-bn-cp∂ sshZn-I¿ Xncp-k∂n-[n-bn¬]mSn ka¿∏n-®-Xp-amb kpdn-bm\n kvan¿sØm.''(kvan¿sØm F∂ kpdn-bm\n hm°n\v ]m´v F∂v A¿∞w.)A‘-amb At¥ymJym `‡n h®p-]p-e¿Øn-bn-cp∂ tZl-am-bn-cp∂pdºm-®-s\∂v {]kvXpX ]m´ns‚ ae-bmfw hnh¿Ø\w Hcm-h¿Øn hmbn-®m¬ Bcpw kΩ-Xn-°pw. hnkvX-c-`-b-Øm¬ AXn-te°v IS-°p-∂n-√.Koh-dp-Kokv dºm-®-\p-ambn, Ing-s°-Ø-e-bv°¬ siΩm-»≥ ASp-∏-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. _mhm I£n ˛ sa{Xm≥ I£n X¿°-Øn¬ c≠p-t]cpwCcp {[ph-ß-fn-emWv \n∂n-cp-∂-sX-nepw kuIcyw In´p-tºm-sg√mwsiΩm-»≥, dºm-®-t\mSv k`m Imcy-߃ kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw, dºm-®s\Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]£-Øm-°m≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂p. Aßs\Hc-h-k-c-Øn¬ \S∂ kw`m-j-W-Øn¬ thZ-]p-kvXIw kw_-‘-amb HcpsX‰v siΩm-»≥ ]d-bm≥ CS-bm-bn. AXv sX‰m-sW∂v ]n∂oSv a\- n-em-°n-b-t∏mƒ siΩm-»≥ am∏p tNmZn-®p-sIm≠v dºm-®\v Fgp-Xn-b-XmWvXmsg-s°m-Sp-°p∂ IØv.Fw. Un. skan-\m-cn, tIm´-bw5 Unkw-_¿ 1924_. dºm-®≥ t_m[n-∏m≥,\mw XΩn¬ kwkm-cn®p ]ncn--Xn¬ ]ns∂ bmsXmcp hnh-chpwFgpØp aptJ\ Adn-bp-∂-Xn\p km[n-°m--Xn¬ hyk-\n-°p-∂p.Hcp]t£ Fs‚ Npa-Xe Rm≥ \nd-th-‰m-Ø-Xn-\m-em-bn-cn°mw Cßs\h∂p IqSn-bXv F∂pw F\n°v hnNm-c-ap-≠v. AXn-\m¬ {]tXyIw Hcpam∏v At]-£n-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ Ahn-SpsØ kpJ-sØ-∏-‰nbpw a‰pw Rm≥At\z-jn®psIm≠p Xs∂-bn-cn-°-bm-Wv. ]nd-hØp t]mbn-cp-∂Xpw Ahn-SpsØ Imcy-߃ `wKn-bmbn Xo¿ØXpw a‰pw Rm≥ tI´p. Ct∏mƒXncnsI FØn-bn-cn-°p∂ \nebv°p Cu FgpØp In´p-sa∂pw kuI-cyambnhmbn-°m≥ km[n-°p-sa∂pw hniz-kn®p Cßs\ FgpXns°m≈p∂p.H∂m-a-Xmbn F\n°p Fgp-Xp-hm-\p-≈Xp \ΩpsS kwkmchnj-bsØkw_-‘n-®mWv. ]e Imcy-ßsf kw_-‘n®pw \mw {]Xn-]m-Zn®p Fnepw

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 45H∂nepw Xo¿®- h-cm-sX-bm-Wt√m ]ncn--Xv. ]e Ime-ß-fmbn `n∂n-®ncn-°p∂kwK-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn®v Hcp Znhkw sIm≠v A`n-{]mbw amdn hog-W-sa∂p iTn-°p-∂Xp Hcn-°epw \ymb-ambn Bin-°m-hp-∂-X-√-t√m.F∂n-cn-°nepw Ahsb kw_-‘n®v Btem-Nn-°p-∂-Xn\p Ah-kcw e`n-°p-∂Xp hfsc \√-Xm-Wv. dºm-®≥ B Imcyßsf°pdn®p Zo¿L-ambnBtem-Nn-°m-sa∂p kΩ-Xn-®n-´p≈ {]Imcw sNøp∂p F∂v Bin-°p∂p.temI-Øn¬ kXy-sa-∂p-≈Xp Hcmƒ°p am{Xta Adn-p-Iq-Sq-sbt∂m,Hcm-f-dn-Xp am{Xta kXy-ap-≈q-sbt∂m h∂p-Iq-Sp-∂-X-√-t√m. AXn-\m¬ Ah-\-hs‚ A`n-{]mbw Xpd∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ sshapJyw ImWn-°m-sX-bpw, F∂m¬ AtX ka-bØp Xs∂ FXn¿ `mKsØ hmZw £atbmSpIqsS tIƒ°bpw AXns‚ kXy-sa-s¥∂p kZbw ]cym-tem-Nn-°bpw, hni-I-e\w sNbvXp kXyw AXn-ep-s≠∂p a\- n-em-bm¬ DS≥AXp kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-XmWp alm≥am-cpsS e£-a-sa-∂p-≈XpRm-\n-hnsS FSpØp ]d-tb≠ H∂√t√m. F∂m¬ Cu ImesØ Bfp-Iƒ°v Ah-iy-ap-≠m-bn-cn-t°≠ Hcp KpWhpw CX-s{X. Cß-ns\-bp≈Bfp-Iƒ \ΩpsS k`-bn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ Ime-Ø-√msX \ΩpsS k`bv°pD∂Xn e`n-°p-∂-Xp-a-√. k`m-Im-cysØ kw_-‘n®p Imcy-ambn Btem-Nn-°p-∂-htcm AXn-te°p {]bm-k-߃ kln-°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp-°-ap-≈htcmBb Bfp-Iƒ \ΩpsS k`-bn¬ hfsc Npcp-ßpw. Cu a\xÿnXnH∂p amtd-≠-Xp-≠v. CXn-te°p dºm-®≥ k¿∆m-fl\m {]b-Xv\n-°p-∂ps≠∂phniz-kn-°-s´. Zo¿L-am-bp≈ Hcp teJ\w sIm≠p Ahn-SsØhnj-an-∏n-°-W-sa∂p hnNm-c-an-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ X¬°mew Npcp-°p-∂p. Ahn-SsØ hnti-j-ßsf∏‰nbpw a‰pw kuIcyw t]mse Hcp adp-]-Sn-°mbnImØn-cn-°p-∂p.IqSmsX \ΩpsS kwkm-c-a-t≤y-bp-≠mb Hcp hnjb iIew Rm≥]d-Xp Hcp sX‰n-≤m-cW Bbn-cp∂p F∂p IqSnbpw kΩ-Xn®psIm≈p-∂p. Iøm-∏m-bmWp Ip∏mbw Iodn-b-Xv. A∂m-s ∂p hnNm-cn-∏m-\p≈ \ymbw \mem-asØ kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ kzev]w kwi-b-{KkvXambn As√-n¬ sXfn-hn-√msX {]kvXm-hn-®n-cp-∂Xp sIm≠mWv.CXp kΩ-Xn-t°-≠Xv Fs‚ Npa-X-e-sb∂p Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂p. F{X hminbm-bn-cp-∂mepwkXysØ ad®p {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv Hcp-\mfpw \∂√t√m.F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ "kXy-h-µ-\-hp-Im-sc-bt{X ssZhw B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xp.'' dºm-®≥ Cu Imcy-Øn¬ Hcp amXr-I-bm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂p Rm≥ Bin-°p-∂p. k`m-N-cn{X kw_-‘-ambpw a‰p-ap≈ Imcy-ßsf∏‰n A∂-tØ-Xn¬ IqSp-X-embn Xnc-°p-Ibpw a‰pw sNbvXp tbmPn-∏n\p th≠ am¿§-߃ tiJ-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Ahn-S∂pw {]tXyIw _≤-{i-≤-\m-bn-cn-°-Wsa∂p{]m¿∞n®psIm≠v X¬°mew Npcp-°p-∂p. FgpØp Zo¿L-am-bnt∏m-b-Xn¬A\njvSw tXm∂-cp-sX.

46 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvF∂p, Ing-t°-Ø-e-bv°¬ Koh-dp-Kokp siΩm-»≥sI. ‰n. Koh¿Ko-kvsh≈n-bm-gvN, hr›nIw 20, 1100Koh-dp-Kokp siΩm-is‚ lrZ-b-hn-im-e-X-bpw, kwkvImc hnti-jhpw,kz`mh sshin-jvSyhpw, k`-tbm-Sp≈ AI-a-gn kvt\lhpw CuIØn¬ \n∂p a\- n-em-°mw. Cu IØn\v dºm-®≥ adp-]Sn Ab®p.kpZo¿L-amb B IØv apgp-h≥ sImSp-°m≥ Xp\n-bp-∂n-√. adp-]-Sn-bpsSAh-km\ `mKØv dºm-®≥ Cßs\ Fgp-Xn-bn´p≠v:"".......- Ip-∏mbw Iodn-bXp Iøm-∏m-bm-sW∂p shfn-hmbn ]d-n-cn-°p∂ `mKw kw_-‘n-®p≈ Fs‚ A∂sØ hmZ-ß-sf-∏‰n C\nbpwBh¿Øn-°-W-sa∂v Rm≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂n-√. ssZh-Ir-]-bm¬ R߃°pHcphn[w kpJ-am-Ip-∂p.tijw ]n∂m-se.F∂p, ^mZ¿. sI. sP. Koh-dp-Kokv dºm-®≥ (H-∏v)sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ dºm-®≥ ]e {][m\ hy‡n-I-fp-ambn \S-Ønb IØn-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ F√mw Hcp ]pkvX-I-ambn 1933- ˛¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p.sshZnIÿm\n-I-fpw, Bflmb {]ap-J-cp-amb ]e am\y-hy-‡n-I-fpsSIØp-Ifpw AXn-ep-≠v. ""F{Xbpw kmc-h-Ømb Hcp FgpØp ]pkvXIw''F∂mWv {KŸ-Øns‚ t]cv. AXn¬ \n∂p-≈-XmWv ta¬∏-d IØv.h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n, Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m-_m-hm, tXmΩmam¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kv, aq°-t©-cn¬ ]t{Xmkv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv,B¿®v _nj∏v am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv XpS-ßnb ]ecpw dºm≥am-cpw,sshZnIcpw, siΩm-»≥amcpw a‰pw Bbn-cp-∂-t∏m-gsØ IØp-I-fmWvAXn-ep-≈-Xv. Bflm-b-°m¿°v Ab® IØp-I-fpw D≠v. \jvS-am-Ip-ambn-cp∂]e hnh-c-ßfpw Cu IØp-I-fn¬ \n∂p a\- n-em-°mw. A°meØvCßs\ Hcp ]pkvXIw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m≥ ap≥ssI-sb-SpØ dºm-®s\ A`n-\-µn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ hø.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 476{]-K-ev`-\mb A≤ym-]-I≥Fw. Un. skan-\mcn sslkvIq-fn¬ Ipd-®p-Imew ]Tn-∏n-®-tijwCw•ojv kmln-Xy-Øn¬ Fw. F. _ncpZw t\Sm≥ Ing-s°-X-e-bv°¬siΩm-»≥ ho≠pw I¬°-´bv°p h≠n Ib-dn. _ncpZw t\Sn Xncn®ph∂ tijw ]pØ≥Imhv C. Fw. Fkv. kvIqfn¬ slUvam-Ã-dm-bn.F√m-htcbpw hnkva-bn-∏n® Hcp kw`-h-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. sk°≠v¢mkn¬ Fw. F. Pbn® anSp-an-Sp-°-\mb siΩm»s\ D∂X DtZym-K߃amSn-hn-fn-®n-cp∂ Imew. hntZ-isØ "]®-bmb ]p¬∏p-d-ßfpw' At±lsØamSn-hn-fn-®n-cp-∂p. F√mw Dt]-£n®v P∑-\m-´n¬ shdpw bp. ]n.kvIqfns‚ slUvam-Ã-dmbn Hcp Fw. F., _n. Un. °mc≥ tPmen sNøp-∂Xv AZv`p-X-a-s√-n¬ ]ns∂-¥mWv? ]nXm-hns‚ B{K-l-am-bn-cp∂psiΩm-»≥ Ipd-®p-Im-ew, \m´n¬ Xs∂ \n¬°-W-sa-∂-Xv. Ipsd\mfmbnI¬°-´-bn-epw, skdm-ºqcpw a‰pw Bbn-cp-∂-s√m. ho´n¬ amXm-]n-Xm-°tfm-Spw,ktlm-Z-c-ß-tfmSpw Hcp-an®v siΩm-»≥ GXm\pw \mƒ Ign-b-W-sa∂v amXmhpw B{K-ln-®p. Ipd-®p-I-gn-m¬ aI\v Xß-tfm-sSm-∂n®v`£Ww Ign-°m\pw ho´n¬ A¥n-bp-d-ßm\pw Ign-bm-sX -h-t∂-°m-sa∂Hcp Dƒt_m[w B amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v D≠m-bn-°-gn-n-cp-∂pthm F∂vkwi-bn-°-Ww. aIs\ k` Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-sa-∂pw, D∂-X-ÿm\w {]m]n®vaIs‚ ap≥]n-¬ Ccn-°m-\m-hmØ ÿnXn ht∂-°p-sa∂pw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ in-®n-cn-°Ww. Ah-cpsS hm°-\p-k-cn®v {]h¿Øn-°m≥ kZm k∂-≤-\m-bn-cp∂ siΩm-»\v ]pXnb tPmenbpw, Xma-khpw kt¥m-j{]Z-ambn-cp-∂p.A≤ym-]-\-tØmSv siΩm-»\v Fs¥-∂n-√mØ Bk-‡n-bm-bn-cp∂p.{]K-ev`-\mb A≤ym-]-I≥ F∂ _lp-aXn thKw Ic-ÿ-am°n. A≤ym-]-I-cn-√mØ ¢mkp-I-fn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p-hm\pw bmsXmcp aSnbpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ß-fn¬ am{Xw HXp-ßn-\n¬°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂n√ A≤ym-]\taJ-e. ¢ms -Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ alm∑m-cpsS Poh-N-cn-{X-hpw, sshtZinIkw`-h-ßfpw, kaq-l-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ ]men-t°≠ \nb-a-kw-ln-X-Ifpw,Btcm-Ky-kw-c-£W am¿§-ßfpw a‰pw ck-I-c-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-°pw.efn-X-amb `mj-bn-em-bn-cn°pw hni-Zo-I-c-Ww. BwK-e-km-ln-Xy-Im-c∑mcpsSIrXn-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\p ]pdsa `mc-X-Ønsealm∑m-sc-°p-dn®pw Ah-cpsS anI® kw`m-h-\-I-sf-°p-dn®pw Ip´n-Isft_m[-hm-∑m-cm°pw. hnZym¿∞n-Isf \n¿_-‘n-®v {]kw-Kn-∏n-°pw. k`m-I-º-hpw, e÷bpw, ]cn-{`-ahpw hn´p-t]m-Im\pw \√ ]uc∑m-cmIm\pwAh¿°v CXv klm-b-I-am-bn.

--48 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvIp´n-I-tfm-sSm∏w ^pSvt_mƒ Ifn-°p-∂-Xn-epw, a‰p hnt\m-Z-ß-fn¬G¿s∏-Sp-∂-Xnepw slUvam-ÿ kabw Is≠-Øn. Ifn°p anSp-°-cmbhnZym¿∞n-Isf I≠p-]n-Sn®v t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. sNß-∂q¿sslkv°q-fnse ^pSvt_mƒ a’-c-Øn\v anSp-°-∑msc ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v siΩm-»≥ ap≥ssI FSp-Øp. Ifn-°m¿°p t\{¥-∏-ghpw,Im∏nbpw siΩm-»s‚ hI-bmbn \¬In-bn-cp-∂p. Ifn®v kΩm\w t\Sp-∂-hsc bp≤w Pbn®p hcp∂ ]S-\m-b-I-s\-t∏mse kzoI-cn®v AI-a-gnvt{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-hm≥ {]tXyIw {i≤n-®n-cp∂p. taenepw a’-c-Øn¬Pbn-°Ww F∂ A`n-hmRvO Ip´n-I-fn¬ hf¿Øm≥ Cu t{]m’m-l\wklm-bn-®p.siΩm-»s‚ {]K-ev`-amb A≤ym-]\ kma¿∞yw I≠v amXrIm¢ms Sp°m≥ a‰p≈ hnZym-e-b-ß-fn-te°v At±lw £Wn-°-s∏-´n-cp∂p.am¿tØmΩm k`-bnse Hcp {]apJ sshZn-I-\m-bn-cp∂ Fw. F. tXmakv,am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kn-s\-°p-dn®v 1951 ¬ Fgp-Xnb Xs‚ kvac-W-I-fn¬Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p ("Nne Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ' ˛ am¿ ]oe-Ivknt\mkv kph-\n¿, t]Pv 65):""- -"- -"........1928˛¬, Fs‚ kztZ-i-amb Abn-cq-cnse Fw. ‰n. C. Fw. Fkn¬Rm≥ tXUvt^mdw hnZym¿∞n-bm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ, Cw•ojv A≤ym-]-I≥Hcp Znhkw Xncp-ta-\nsb (A∂v siΩm-»≥) ¢mkn-te°p £Wn-®v HcpamXrIm Cw•ojv ]mTw FSp-∏n-®p. euhv F∂ ]Zw Fß-ns\-bmWv icnbmbnD®cn-t°-≠-sX∂v At±lw ]dp X∂Xv C∂pw Rm≥ ad-∂n-´n-√. Cw•ojv ]Zy-I-Y-\-Øn¬ At±lw {]I-Sn-∏n® A\\ykm[m-c-WambD®m-c-W-ip-≤n, i_vZ-am-[pcyw Ch Rß-fpsS {i≤sb lTm-Zm-I¿jn®p. F{X \√ A≤ym-]-I≥! At±-l-Øns‚ klm-≤ym-]-I-cn¬ \n∂pw,hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Cu kvXpXn C∂pw tIƒ°m≥ km[n-°pw......''Koh-dp-Kokv siΩm-»≥ ¢msk-Sp-°p∂ coXn-I-sf-°p-dn®v A∂sØ]e hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°pw ]e A\p-`-h-߃ ]d-bm-\p-≠v. hfsc XnSp-°-Øn-em-bn-cn°pw siΩm-»≥ Ibdn hcn-I. henb Dt∑-j-tØm-Spw, {]k-∂-X-tbmSpw IqSn ¢msk-Sp-°pw. B apJsØ {]k-cn∏v Bcpw t\m°nbn-cp∂pt]mIpw. Ip´n-Ifpw \√ Npdp-Np-dp-t°mSpw, kt¥m-j-tØmSpw{i≤n-°-W-sa∂v siΩm-»\v \n¿_-‘-am-bn-cp-∂p. F{X tI´mepw aXn-hcmØ¢m p-Iƒ F∂p Npcp-°w.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 497k`m¥co£Øn¬ho≠pw sImSpm‰v1085 I∂n 9 \v, AXmbXv 1909 sk]v‰w_¿ 24 \p sh≈nbmgvN"CuPn]vXv' F∂ I∏en¬ A_vZp≈m ]m{Xnb¿°okpw kwLhpwaeck`m kµ¿i\m¿∞w t_mws_bn¬ h∂ndßn. A∂p XpSßnaeck`bpsS Zp¿Zi. aec sa{Xmt∏meoØmbmbncp∂ ]pent°m´n¬ tPmk^v am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv 1909 Pqsse 11 RmbdmgvN tIm´bwsNdnb]≈nbn¬ sh®v Imew sNbvXp. Xncpta\nbpsS `uXnIicocwtIm´bw ]gbskan\mcnbn¬ I_dS°n. XpS¿∂v ]n≥Kmanbmbn h´t»cn¬ Koh¿Kokv am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv aec sa{Xmt∏meo Ømbmbnÿm\ta‰p. At±lØns‚ kpt{¥mWntkm AYhm ÿm\mtcmlWw1909 BKÃv 10˛mw XobXn \S∂p.At∏mtg°pw A_vZp≈m ]m{Xnb¿°okv _mhm aecbn¬hs∂Øn. ]pent°m´n¬ Xncpta\n Imew sNbvX XobXn apX¬]m{Xnb¿°okv _mhm t_mws_bn¬ h∂ XobXn hsc IW°pIq´nbm¬ IjvSn®v 75 ZnhkamWv h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n°v kzX{¥ambn`cn°m≥ CS In´nbn´p≈q. ]m{Xnb¿°okns‚ ]cam[nImcw aecbpsSta¬ Ac°n´v Dd∏n°m≥ XømsdSpØv h∂ A_vZp≈m aecbnsesa{Xm∑m¿ F√mhcpw DSºSn \¬IWsa∂pw Aßns\ \¬Ip∂h¿°vam{Xta taen¬ sa{Xm≥ ÿm\w \¬IpIbp≈qsh∂pw Adnbn®p.aeck`bpsS ]q¿∆ Ncn{XØn¬ Cßs\ DSºSn sImSp°p∂G¿∏mSns√∂pw aecbpsS `uXnI˛BflnI `cWm[nImc߃ aecsa{Xmt∏meoØmbv°msW∂pw 1889 se tdmb¬ tImSXn hn[nbpwNq≠n°m´n DSºSn \¬Ip∂ {]iv\ans√∂p h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\nXd∏n®p ]dp.DSºSn sImSp°p∂ns√n¬ apS°psa∂p ]d ]m{Xnb¿°oknt\mSv "apS°nbm¬ AXp kz¿Æame t]mse kzoIcn°p sa∂pw'sa{Xmt∏meoØm Xncn®Sn®p. Aßs\ cwKw NqSmbn. kapZmbw c≠ptNcnIfmbn \n∂v Zzµzbp≤w Bcw`n®p. ]m{Xnb¿ °okv 1911 Pq¨F´n\p sa{Xmt∏meoØmsb AImcWambn apS°n. apS°nbm¬sa{Xmt∏meoØmbv°v tIkn¬ I£nbmbn hmZn°p Ibpw, tIkv\SØpIbpw sNøm≥ ]‰msX hcpsa∂mbncp∂p FXn¿ I£nIfpsSIW°pIq´¬. ]t£ F√mw ]mfw sX‰n. \nbaw AXns‚ hgn°p t]mbn.

50 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv]ns∂ tIkpIfpsS Hcp {]hmlambn. kapZmbw, _mhm I£n,sa{Xm≥ I£n F∂nßs\ c≠mbn ]ncnv i‡nbmbn B{IaW,{]Xym{IaW߃ \SØn. CXn\nSbn¬ sa{Xmt∏meoØmbpsSAwKc£I\mb B\∏m∏nsb t]∏´nsbt∏mse X√ns°m∂v]m{Xnb¿°okv hn`mKw B alm]m]w ssItb‰p. B \clXy sIm≠vAh¿ H∂pw t\Snbn√, D≈sX√mw \in®Xp an®w. CXns\∏‰n IqSpX¬hnhcw AdnbWsa∂p≈h¿°v R߃ FgpXnb "B\∏m∏n' F∂{KŸw hmbn®p t\m°mw (B\∏m∏n, tIm´bv°¬ ]ªnt°j≥kv,amßm\w, tIm´bw ˛ 18). ]≈nIfn¬ ASnbpw _lfhpw, ]≈n]q´epw,\nXykw`hßfmbn. XpS¿∂v tIkpIfpsS AWnapdnbmØ {]IS\ßfpw. IqSmsX kacnt°kv, h´n∏Wt°kv XpSßnb hº≥ hyhlmc߃ Hcp hiØv. Ip∂w Ipfw tIkv, ]pXp∏≈n tIkv, Icnßm{i`fimct°kv, B¿Øm‰p ihaS°v tIkv XpSßn FÆnbm¬HSpßmØ knhn¬, {Inan\¬ tIkpIƒ. k`bpsS HmP pw, hocyhpw,i‡nbpw, [\hpw Cu tIkpIƒ°nSbn¬ tNm¿∂pt]mbn. HSphn¬kIe ap≈n≥ sI´pIfpw X´n\o°n apS°v Akm[phmsW∂vXncphnXmwIq¿ sslt°mSXnbn¬ \n∂v h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n hn[n t\Sn.Aßns\ _mhm I£n tIkn¬ Atº ]cmPbs∏´p. At∏mtg°pwapS°nb A_vZp≈m ]m{Xnb¿°okpw, apS°m≥ D]tZiw sImSpØkn. sP. Ipcy\pw tIm\m´p aev]m\pw A°sc IS∂p. alm`mcXbp≤wIgnv Ipcpt£{X `qanbn¬ A¿÷p\s\t∏mse h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\nam{Xw Pohn®ncn°p∂ I£nbmbn (H∂mw {]Xn) Ahtijn®pIgnncp∂p. h´n∏Wt°kns‚ A¥nahn[nbpsS KpWw A\p`hn∏m≥h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\nsb am{Xw ssZhw A\p hZn®p. h´n∏W ]enibmbn16000 cq] H∂n®p In´n. {]tbmP\ Icambn NnehnSmambncp∂ h´t»cn¬Xncpta\nbpsS \√ \mfpIfpw ]Whpw Ignhpw h´n∏Wt°kvA]lcn®p.F√mw im¥ambn F∂p IcpXn kzÿambn Imep \o´nbncp∂vkzev]w hn{ian°m≥ XpSßptºmtg°pw "dosØ∂ [qatIXp'A¥co£Øn¬ aeck`bpsS Xebv°p aosX hmfmbn \oßn.KohdpKokv siΩmi≥ ]pØ≥Imhv kvIqfn¬ A≤ym]I\mbn Ignbp∂thfbnemWv CXv \S∂Xv._p≤nam\mb h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\nsb ka¿∞ambn ]dv ]‰n®vImcyw ImWm≥ doØn¬ tN¿∂ am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkn\v IgnpF∂mWv kw`h߃ kq£vaambn \nco£n®m¬ a\ nem°m≥Ignbp∂Xv. h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\nsb X{¥]q¿∆w A£cm¿∞Øn¬h©n® tZlw F∂ Zp¿_lpaXn am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkn\pam{Xap≈XmWv.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 51am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkns\ h©I{]t`m F∂v kwt_m[\ sNøp∂Hcp `mKw 1930 ˛¬ {]kn≤oIcn® "aeck`bpsS `qX°ÆmSn' F∂{KŸØns‚ 87˛mw t]Pnep≠v. aeck`bnse Hmtcm IppIp´nbpwXncnp \n∂v B alm]ptcmlnXs‚ apJØp t\m°n A∂vBt{Imint°≠nbncp∂ aebmf`mjbnse B ]©m£cw{Iucy`mhtØmsS Ncn{Xmt\zjnIfpsS apºn¬ C∂pw sXfnp\n¬°p∂p.Xs‚ hm’eyinjy\mbncp∂ Cuhm\ntbmkns‚ NXn XnI®pwA{]Xo£nXambncp∂p. Xm≥ ]Ww sNehn´v ]Tn∏n®p hf¿Ønsa{Xm\m°nb am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv ]n®®´nbn¬ ssI C´phmcp∂Xpt]mse In´mhp∂sX√mw HXp°n tdmam]mfbØnte°v HmSnt∏mbt∏mƒ h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n°v kSw s]mdp°m≥ Bbn√. "]Wn°cpsa{Xm≥ Xs∂ ]‰n®p Ift√m' F∂ tJZw At±lsØ Xf¿Øn.\µntISns‚ ]mcaytam¿Øv B hr≤ almXm]k≥ s\Spho¿∏n´p.am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkpw Iq´cpw k` hn´pt]mIp∂ Imcyw Dd∏mbt∏mƒh´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n C\n th≠ Imcyßsf∏‰n DW¿∂p Nn¥n®p.At±lØns‚ IÆpIƒ Ings°Øebv°¬ KohdpKokv siΩmis‚ta¬ ]Xn®p.

52 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv8Hcp clky kµ¿i\w1929 am¿®nse Hcp _p[\mgvN. h´t»cn¬ Koh¿Kokv am¿Zoh∂mtkymkv ]gbskan\mcnbn¬ Xmakn°p∂p. sk{I´dnbmbaWen¬ A®s\ hnfn®v Hcp ÿew hsc t]mIm\mbn Im¿ G¿∏mSvsNøWsa∂p Xncpta\n ]dp. h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n°v kz¥ambnIm¿ D≠mbncp∂n√. FhnsSsbnepw t]mIWsan¬ tIm´bsØ HcpkapZmbkvt\lnbpsS Im¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°pw. Fs¥nepw ImcWØm¬e`n°msX hcptºmƒ A°mesØ "Fbn‰v ko‰¿ _kv' hmSIbv°vFSp°pw. Aßns\sbms°bmbncp∂p A∂sØ ]Xnhv. Xncpta\nIev]n® t]mse Im¿ h∂p. km[mcW h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n bm{Xt]mIptºmƒ Ipd]£w Hcp IØ\mcpw Ht∂m, ct≠msiΩmi∑mcpw A\pKan°pw. Xncpta\nbpsS Zn\NcyIfn¬ ]cnNbkº∂\mb Hcp siΩmi≥ Ft∏mgpw D≠mhpw. ssI hndb¬ D≠mbncp∂Xn\m¬ \S°ptºmƒ Xncpta\nbpsS ssIXmßn∏nSnt°≠n hcpw.Imdn¬ Ccp∂m¬ tfmlbpw a‰pw icnbmbn CSm\pw a‰pw siΩm»≥klmbn°Ww. A∂v siΩmi≥ am{Xw IqsSt∏m∂m¬ aXnsb∂vI¬∏n®p. Ftßm´mWv Cu ]Xnhn√mØ bm{Xsb∂v IqsSt∏mImdp≈A®\pw, siΩmi∑mcpw ]ckv]cw tNmZn®p. ]gbskan\mcn Nm∏en¬Ibdn {]tXyIw {]m¿∞\ \SØnb tijamWv siΩm»t\bpw sIm≠vImdn¬ IbdnbXv. Akm[mcWsa∂p ]dbs´, IqSpX¬ kabwXncpta\n Nm∏en¬ sNehgn®p. Imdn¬ Ibdptºmƒ Hcp s]mXn Xncpta\nNph∏p Ip∏mbØns‚ t]m°‰n¬ sh°p∂Xv siΩm-i-∑m¿ I≠p.Nph∏p Ip∏mbØns‚ ta¬ IdpØ tfml AWnt ]pdØndßmdp≈q.Im¿ ]gbskan\mcn Ignp Fw. kn. tdmUneqsS ]mp. BIm¿ sNß∂q¿ FØn ]pØ≥Imhnte°v Xncnv Ingt°Øe bv°¬tXmΩm IØ\mcpsS `h\Øn\p apºn¬ sN∂p \n∂p. siΩmis\hn´v IØ\m¿ ho´n¬ Dt≠m F∂v Xnc°nhcm≥ ]dp. A®≥Ds≠∂v siΩm»≥ ]dt∏mƒ X\n°ndßm\mbn Imdns‚ tUm¿Xpd°m≥ Iev]n®p. siΩm»≥ tUm¿ Xpd∂v Xncpta\nsb ssI]nSn®vCd°n. At±lw aµw aµw ho´nte°v \S∂p. Xncpta\n hcpsa∂v H´pw{]Xo£n°mØ tXmΩm IØ\m¿ shdpw H‰ap≠pw DSpØvNmcpItkcbn¬ hn{ian°pIbmbncp∂p. Xncpta\n hcps∂∂v AdnA®≥ thKw AIØpt]mbn hkv{Xw amdn DΩdtØ°phcptºmtgbv°pw Xncpta\n DΩd∏Snbn¬ FØn°gnncp∂p.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 53ssIapØn, Ic߃ {Kln®v A®≥ Xs∂ Xncpta\nsb ]Xps° kzoIcWapdnbnse Itkcbn¬ sIm≠psN∂ncpØn. "Xm≥ Imdn¬t]mbncpt∂m' F∂p ]dv siΩmis\ Hgnhm°n. Xncpta\nbpw,tXmΩm°Ø\mcpw XΩn¬ kzImcykw`mjWw XpSßn.h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n°v ]dbm\p≠mbncp∂Xv k` A`napJoIcn°p∂ A]ISIcamb doØv hn]Øns\°pdn®mbncp∂p. am¿Cuhm\ntbmkv Xs∂ NXn®p F∂v Xncpta\n KZvKZIWvT\mbnIØ\mtcmSv ]dp. Xncpta\nsb Bizkn∏n°m≥ A®≥ ]eXpw]dbp∂p≠v. Ings°Øebv°e®s‚ k`mkvt\lhpw, Xncpta\ntbmSp≈ \n oaamb `‡ymZcßfpw Xncpta\n°v \∂mbn Adnbmw.B alm]ptcmlnX≥ tXmΩm IØ\mcpsS Icw {Kln®psIm≠v HSp°w]dp. "Cuhm\ntbmkv B_q≥ \sΩ hn´v t]mIpw. C\n A[nIwXmakan√. P\߃ Bib°pg∏Ønepw, \ncmibnepw s]´v hebp∂Xn\v apºv Ah¿°v Hcp {]Xymi \Ωƒ \¬IWw. \mw ]dbp∂XvAhnthIamsWn¬ A®≥ s]mdpØv am∏p \¬IWw.' ]ns∂ A®s‚apJØp t\m°n F¥mWv Adnbnt°≠sX∂v ]dbm≥ hm°pIƒIn´msX Xncpta\n Dgdn. ]m{Xnb¿°okpamcpsS apJØp t\m°n ss[cyktaXw AhtcmSv X¿°n® k`m`mkpc≥ Hcp IØ\mcpsS apºn¬hm°pIƒ In´msX X∏nØSp! At±lØns‚ IÆpIƒ \ndbp∂pt≠m? tXmΩm IØ\m¿°v BsI kw{`aambn. aec sa{Xmt∏meoØm Xs‚ ho´n¬ h∂v hnXpºpItbm? A®\v kln®n√. lrZbws\m¥v Xncpta\nbpsS IÆp\o¿ Xs‚ apdnbpsS Xdbn¬ ]Xn°cptXF∂v A®≥ B \nanjw {]m¿∞n®p.kzev]w a\x m∂n≤yw hos≠SpØp sa{Xmt∏meoØm ho≠pwkwkmcn°m≥ {ian®p. "A®s‚ aIs\ sa{Xm\mbn hmgn°m≥ k`bv°vhn´pXcWw. A®s‚ kmºØnI _p≤nap´pIƒ \mw a\ n em°p∂p≠v.\ΩpsS k`bpsS Ct∏mgsØ \ne Hm¿Øv..... A®≥ hntcm[w......'Xncpta\n°v hm°pIƒ ]q¿Ønbm°m≥ Ignn√. B knwl]pcpjs‚samgnIƒ CSdnt∏mbn. IÆpIfn¬ Xßn\n∂ncp∂ IÆp\o¿ sXcpsXcmAS¿∂phoWp. At∏mƒ A®s‚ IÆpIfpw \ndsmgpIn. kw`mjWwtI´v AIØv hmXnen\p kao]w adp \n∂ncp∂ s_kvIymΩbpsStX߬ AhnsS Ccn°p∂h¿°v hy‡ambn tIƒ°mambncp∂p. Bkm[zn Hc£cw adpØp]dn√. (Cu hnhcw sIm®pXncpta\nbpsSCfbktlmZc≥ sI. ‰n. tPmk ^n¬ \n∂v R߃ t\cn´dnXmWv).h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\nbpsS CStØ ssI°mbncp∂p hndb¬.Xncpta\n Nph∂ Ip∏mbØns‚ Ioibn¬ `{Zambn kq£n®ncp∂ Bhenb s]mXn heXpssI sIm≠v FSpØv tXmΩm IØ\m¿ Im¨sItai∏pdØv h® tijw Xncpta\n Fgpt∂‰p. sau\w kΩXamsW∂

54 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvhnizmkØn¬ sa{Xmt∏meoØm bm{X ]dndßn.R߃ FgpXnb "C¥y≥ Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`: Ncn{Xhpwkwkv°mchpw' F∂ {KŸØn¬ \n∂pw (t]Pv 1071):""aecbpsS {]Xymibmbncp∂ _Y\nbpsS am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv,tdmam k`bnte°v Imepamdphm≥ AWnbdbn¬ \o°ßƒ \S°p∂kabw. h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n Ipds®m∂pa√ ZpxJn®Xv. Ncn{XØn¬aq∂mw ¢mkv Fw. F. °mc\mb am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkns‚ \jvSw\nIØm≥ Cw•ojv kmlnXyØn¬ sk°≠v ¢m n¬ hnPbn® as‰mcpFw. F. °mcs\ Xncpta\n I≠psh®p.AhnhmlnX ]´°mc\mIWsat∂m sa{Xmt∏meoØmbmIWsat∂m KohdpKokv siΩm»\v B{Klap≠mbncp∂n√. ]nXmhv aIs\hnhmlnX\mbn ImWphm≥ B{Kln®p. B ImeØv Hcp Fw. F. °mc\vc≠mbncw cq] Fnepw kv{Xo[\w In´pw. A∂sØ c≠mbncw cq]C∂sØ F{X e£Øns‚ hnebp≈Xmbncn°psa∂v Duln°pIbmIpw t`Zw. ae_mdn¬ Hcp kvIqƒ amÿ°v A©p cq]bmbncp∂piºfw F∂p IqSn Hm¿°p∂Xv \∂v. kv{Xo[\w Xcm≥ XømdmbnhnhmlmtemN\Ifpw h∂ncp∂p. Bdv a°fmbncp∂p tXmΩm IØ\m¿°v. kmºØnI \ne henb sa® sam∂pw Bbncp∂n√.''h´n∏Wt°kn¬ tXmΩm IØ\m¿ Xs‚ kmºØnI ]cm[o\XIsf∏‰n samgn sImSp°p∂p≠v. "F\n°v Ct∏mƒ \m\q‰n®nezm\wcq]bpsS ISap≠v. F\n°p \mep apdn ]pcbnShpw Adp]Xp ]d \nehpwD≠v. CXn¬ Ipd®p \mev]Xn¬ Nn√zm\w ]d \new H‰n sImSpØn´p≠v.\mev]Xp ]d \new H‰n sImSpØXp c≠mbncØn Nn√zm\w cq]bv°mWv.B≠v Hm¿°p∂n√. _m°n Ccp]Xv ]d \nehpw, \mepapdn ]pcbnShpwssIhiap≠v. \m\qdp cq]bpsS ISØnte°p≈ CuSp IS∏{XwsImSpØn´p≠v' (h´n∏Wt°kv samgn, t]Pv 492˛493).Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`bpsS HutZymKnIapJ]{Xamb aeck`mamknIbn¬ "]pØ≥Imhn¬ Koh¿Kokv am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv ˛PohnXhpw, kw`mh\Ifpw' F∂ t]cn¬ AUz. ]n. kn. amXyp 1998Unkw_¿ apXep≈ aq∂p e°ßfn¬ FgpXnb teJ\Øn¬c≠mbncw cq] h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n sImSpØv ]pØ≥Imhv siΩm»s\Xodp hmßnsb∂ Imcyw ]dncp∂p. AUz. amXyphns‚ teJ\Øns‚ssIsbgpØp{]Xn hmbn°m≥ CSbmb A∂sØ amknIm amt\P¿‰n. Pn. kJdnbm®≥ B `mKw Hgnhm°nbmWv teJ\w {]kn≤oIcn®Xv.]n. kn. amXyphns‚ DØa kplrØpw, A`ypZbImw£nbpambncp∂kJdnbm®≥ AtX∏‰n ]n∂oSv I≠t∏mƒ ]dXv "h°o¬FgpXnbXv kXyamsWnepw, F√m kXyhpw Xpd∂p ]dp IqSm'F∂mWv.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 559]q¿Æ siΩm-»≥Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bn¬ hnhm-ln-X-\m-Ip-hm≥ Dt±-in-°p∂ siΩm-»≥, ]q¿Æ siΩm-»-∏´w e`n-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv hnhm-ln-X-\m-IWwF∂mWv \nb-aw. Ing-s°-X-e-bv°¬ Koh-dp-Kokv siΩm-»s\ sa{Xm-\mbn hmgn-°m≥ hn´p-X-c-W-sa∂ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A`y¿∞\]nXmhv AwKo-I-cn-®-tXm-Sp -IqSn siΩm-»\p H´pw Xma-kn-bmsX ]q¿ÆsiΩm-ip-]´w sImSp-°-W-sa∂v Xocp-am-\n-®p. siΩm-is‚ kΩXw h´t»-cn¬Xncp-ta\n t\csØ hmßn-bn-cp-∂p.1929 s^{_p-hcn 13 \mWp Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ _mhm-bpsS ImtXmen°mhmgvN tIm´bw Fw. Un. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \S-∂-Xv. ÿm\m-tcm-l-W-Øn-\p -tijw GXm\pw Znh-k-߃ IqSn Ign-m¬ IjvSm-\p-`hBgvN Bcw-`n-°pw. \hm-`n-jn-‡-\mb ImtXm-en°m _mhmsb lmimBgvN-bnse ip{iq-j-Iƒ°mbn Xß-fpsS CS-h-I-bn-tebv°v e`n-°-Wsa∂vae-ck`-bnse ]e {]ikvX CS-h-I-°mcpw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn B{Kln-®p.Hmtcm CS-h-Ibv°pw Ah-c-h-cp-tS-Xmb Ah-Im-i-ßfpw, AXymh-iy-ßfpw[mcmfw ]d-bp-hm-\p-≠mbn-cp∂p. Ah-cpsS £W-sa√mwkvt\lm-Z-c-]q¿∆w \nc-kn®v _mhm ]uckvXy ImtXm-en°m F∂ \nebn¬D≈ Xs‚ {]Ya IjvSm-\p-`h BgvN-bnse ip{iq-j-Iƒ ]pcm-X\{]kn-≤-amb B¿Øm‰v henb ]≈n-bn¬ \n¿∆-ln-°p-hm≥ Ip∂w-Ip-ftØ°vh∂p. H∏w Koh-dp-Kokv siΩm-i-\p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.henbt\mºnse A©mw BgvN-bmWv _mhm Ip∂w-Ip-fØp h∂Xv.Hcp amk-tØmfw At±lw AhnsS Xma-kn-®p. ]oUm-\p-`hmgvN-bnseI¿Ω-߃°p ]pdsa Nne kp{]-[m\ ip{iq-j-Iƒ _mhmbv°p Ip∂w-Ip-fsØ Xma-k-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ \n¿∆-ln-t°-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]pen-t°m-´n¬ sbu-tk^v siΩm-»s\ "kantbm' Rmb-dmgvN IØ-\m-cpw,\mev]Xmw sh≈n-bmgvN dºm-\p-am-°n. Dbn¿∏p-Zn-hkw sXs°-°c]ueqkv siΩm-i\v tImdqtbm ]´w sImSp-Øp. sXs°-°c Ipdn-bmt°mkvIØ-\msc tImsd-∏n-kvtIm-∏m-bm°n. AtXm-sSm-∂n®v sI. ‰n.Koh¿Kokv siΩm-i\v ]q¿ÆsiΩm-ip-]-´hpw sImSp-Øp. ]´w sImSIgnv siΩm-is‚ ssIbn¬ _mhm [q]-°p‰n sImSpØp. ]q¿Æ-si-Ωm» ÿm\w. [q]-°p‰n hoin hn`-Pn-°-s∏´ aZv_-lm-bpsS ]Sn-mdv`mKØv h∂p \n∂v henb B¿Øm‰v ]≈n-bn¬ Xnßn-\nd-p-\n∂]ucm-WnI kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ]n≥X-e-ap-d-°msc t\m°nsiΩm-i≥ Xe hW-ßn. ae-c k`-bpsS IÆn-ep-Æn-bm-Im≥ t]m-Ip∂BfmWp B [q]-°p‰n hoin-\n¬°p∂ ]q¿Æ siΩm-i-s\∂v F{X-

56 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvt]¿ A∂p a\- n-em-°n-°mWpw!]q¿Æ-si-Ωm-»-∏´w B¿Øm‰v ]≈n-bn¬ h®v \S-∂-Xv Hcp ssZh-\ntbm-K-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v1951˛¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn® am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv kph-\ndn¬ sI. hn. Nmt°m. Fw. F. Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. {]kvXpX teJ-\-Øn¬\n∂v (t]Pv 44):""ssakq¿ ]pen-bpsS hchv F∂Xv Ncn{XI¿Øm-°-fpsS kc-kzXohnemkw t]mse hymJym-\n-°-s∏-Sm-hp∂ Hcp kw`-h-am-Wv. al-Ω-Zobkp¬Øm∑m¿°p≈ aX-k-ln-jvWp-X-bpsS apJØp Icn tXbv°p∂tXm, tX∏n-°p-∂tXm Bb ]eXpw C∂p Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Ib-dn-∏-‰n-bn-´p-≠v. Ahsb Xq°n t\m°n hn[n Iev]n-°p-∂-Xn\p Dt±-iy-an-√. Ct∏mgpwhniz-kn®p t]mcp-∂-Xp-t]mse Sn∏p-hns‚ hc-hp, Nm´p-Ip-f-ß-c-°m-cpsS]S-tbm-´-Øn\p Imc-W-am-°n-b-Xn-\m¬ B¿Øm‰v Nm´p Ipf-ßc°m¿]ecpw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ A`bw {]m]n-®n-´p-s≠∂p A`n-am-\-]p-c- cwkΩ-Xn-®p-t]m-cp-∂p-≠v. Aß-s\-bp≈ Hcp IpSpw_w amth-en-°-c-bn¬sN∂p ]m¿Øp. AXp hn]p-eam-b-t∏mƒ sNß-∂q-cn-te-°pw, ]pØ≥Imhn-te°pwXncnp ]m¿Øp. Aß-s\-bp≈ Hcp IpSpw-_-Øn¬ P\n®siΩm-»≥ ]q¿ÆsiΩm-»-\m-hp-∂Xv B¿Ø-m-‰p -h®p Xs∂-bm-bXv ssZh-\n-tbmKw sIm≠m-Wv. siΩm-i\pw AXn¬- A-`n-am-\-apƒs°m-≠p.F∂m¬ Cu Hc-h-Imiw A{X hne-a-Xn-°m-hp-∂-X-√. Cu {]uVm-`nam-\-tØ-°mfpwD]-cn-bmb Hcp Imcyw k`m amXm-hn\p km[n-∏m-\p-≠mbn-cp-∂p-sh∂pA\-¥-c-Im-cy-߃ hni-Z-am-°p-∂p-≠v. Fnepw Nm´-Ipf-ß-c-°m-c-s\∂B A`n-am\w At±-lsØ Ctßm´p BI¿ jn-®p.Cu "]´w sImS' sIm≠v Fw. F., _n. Un. siΩm-i\p B¿Øm‰v Ip∂w-Ipfw CS-h-I-bp-ambn Hc-t`Zy [m¿Ωn-I -˛ -ssh-Zn-I -˛ -_‘w ssIh-∂p.kl-P-amb a[p-c-kz-`m-h-hpw, a[p-c-sam-gn-I-fpw, CS-h-Imw-K-ßsf X∂nte°pBI¿jn-®p. hnZym¿∞n- Po-hn-X-Ønse hnP-b-Øn\p \nZm-\-ambhn\-b-hpw, Hm¿Ω-i-‡n-bpw, kw`m-j-Wm-I¿j-Whpw, At±-lsØ ]cn-N-bs∏´n-cn-°p-∂-h¿°p hnkva-cn-°m-\m-hm-Ø-h\m-°n-Øo¿Øp. ae-ckpdnbm\n k`bv°v B L´-Øn¬ Aß-s\-bp≈ a°ƒ A-Xym-h-iy-hpam-bn-cp-∂p.]q¿Æ siΩm-ip-]´w In´n-b-tijw Ip∂w-Ip-fØp Nne-h-gn® Ipd®pZnh-k-Øn-\p-≈n¬ At±lw ]gn I¨h≥j-\n¬ {]kw-Kn-®p.AXns‚ kvac-W-Ifpw sI. hn. Nmt°m ap≥]v kqNn-∏n® teJ-\-Øn¬tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v: ""{]m¿∞-\bpw ]m´pw Ign-p. {]mkw-Kn-I≥siΩm-i-≥ {]kw-K-]o-T-Øn-te°v Ibdn \n∂p-sIm≠v D]-{I-a-am-cw-`n-®p.hcm≥ sshIn-b-Xn¬ £am-bm-N\w sNbvXp-sIm-≠mWv {]kwKw Bcw-`n-®-Xv. XpS¿∂v siΩm-i≥ "{km∏n-Isf It≠-imb'' F∂ Km\wBe]n®p. {]kwKw XpS-ßm≥ ImØn-cp∂p aSpØ P\-ß-fpsS amµyhpw,

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 57¢m¥nbpw B a{¥mem]-tØm-Sp -IqSn ian-®p. P\-߃ DW¿∂p himbn.`‡n-bpsS i‡nsb hy‡-am-°p∂ B apc-fn-bn¬ \n-∂p-ap-Xn¿∂Hmtcm Nc-Whpw t{imXm-°ƒ°v XXz-c-Xv\-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. a\p-jys‚{]mtbmKn-I-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ `‡n-bpw, ap‡nbpw Fßns\ HØp-tN-cp-sa∂Hcp tNmZy-Nn-”-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ am{X-am-bn-cp∂p A∂sØ {]kwKw.a\p-jys‚ IÆp-Iƒ Ahs‚ a\- ns‚ D≈n-te°v t\m°m≥ B{]kwKw klm-b-I-am-bn-Øo¿∂p.- ]-cn-X-ÿn-Xn-I-fn¬ \n∂v CS-bv°nsScq]wsIm≠ ^en-X-tØm-Sp -IqSn A∂p sNbvX {]kwKw C∂pw t{imXm-°ƒ ad-∂n-´n-√.''Iqd®p Znhkw _mhm-bp-sam-cp-an®v siΩm-i≥ Ip∂w-Ip-fØp Xmakn-®p.CXn-\n-S-bn¬ Ip∂w-Ip-fØpw Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap-≈ ]pcm-X\ Hm¿ØtUmIvkv]≈n-Iƒ kµ¿in-°p-hm-\pw, Ncn{X hkvXp-X-Iƒ a\- n-em-°m\pw {i≤n-®p. Xncn®p t]mIp-∂-Xn\p apºmbn B¿Øm‰v ]≈n ap‰Øpsh®vHcp {Kq∏v t^mt´m FSp-Øp. 1929-˛¬ FSpØ B t^mt´m-bn-¬ImtXm-en°m _mhm,- ]p-en-t°m-´n¬ sbu-tk^v dºm≥, sXt°-°cIpdnbm-t°mkv tImsd-∏n-kvtIm-∏m, tImemSn ZmhoZv IØ-\m¿, sXs°-°c s]u-eqkv siΩm-»≥, sI. hn. h¿Kokv siΩm-»≥, ]n. sI. Zm\ntb¬siΩm-»≥, sI. ‰n. Koh-dp-Kokv siΩm-»≥ F∂n-hsc ImWmw.

58 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv10sshZnI ]Z-hn-bn-te°vKoh¿Kokv siΩm-»≥ A≤ym-]-I-\mbn \m´n¬ ÿnc-Xm-a-k-am-bt∏mƒ]≈n-°m-cy-ß-fn¬ IqSp-X¬ {i≤ sNep-Øm≥ kabw In´n. A∂v]pØ≥Imhv ]≈n-bnse sshZn-I¿ ]nXm-hmb tXmΩm IØ-\m¿, Bepwaq-´n¬]t{Xmkv IØ-\m¿, Abn-cp-°pgn tXmakv IØ-\m¿ F∂n-h-cmbn-cp-∂p.]≈nsb Db¿®-bpsS ]mX-bn-te-‰m≥ ]e ]≤-Xn-Ifpw siΩmi≥sshZn-I-cpsS klm-b-tØmsS Bhn-jv°-cn®p. Ah-bn¬ G‰hpw{][m-\-am-bXv ]≈n-s∏-cp-∂m-fn-t\mSp tN¿∂p \SØnh∂ shSn-s°´v\n¿Ø¬ sNbvXp X¬ÿm-\Øv I¨sh≥j≥ \S-Øm≥ Ignp F∂-Xm-Wv. shSn-s°-´n-\mbn Zp¿hybw sNbvX ]Ww {]tbm-P-\-I-c-ambnXncn®p-hn-Sm≥ km[n-®p. I¨sh≥js‚ Bcw-`-Im-eØv AXns‚ Po-hmflmhpw,]c-am-flmhpw siΩm-»-\m-bn-cp-∂p. I¨h≥j-\n¬ {]kw-Kn-°p-∂Xp IqSmsX anI® {]mkw-Kn-Isc sIm≠p-h-cm\pw a\- n-cp-Øn. ANntcWs]cp-∂m-fn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n-®p≈ I¨h≥j≥ hfsc {]kn-≤-am-bn.CXns‚ apgp-h≥ "{IUn‰pw' siΩm-i-\p-≈-Xm-Wv. IqSmsX CS-hI Xe-Øn¬ tcmKn-Isf kµ¿in-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, `h-\-k-µ¿i-\-Øn-\pw, ]´n-Wn-°msc klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, tkh-\-a-\-ÿn-Xn-bp≈ CS-h-I-°msc I≠p-]n-Sn®v Ahsc \ntbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p. Poh-Im-cp-Wy-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn\p th≠kwJy ]ncn-s®-SpØv Ip‰-a‰ coXn-bn¬ hnX-cWw sNbvXp. B≤ym-flnI{]h¿Ø-\-߃ {]iw-km¿l-amb t\´-߃ ssIh-cn-®p. Npcp-°-Øn¬]T\w Ignp siΩm-i≥ \m´n¬ Xma-kn® Ipd®p sIm√-߃ B]≈n-bp-tSbpw, \mSn-t‚bpw kph¿Æ Zi-bm-bn-cp-∂p.siΩm-i\p sshZn-I-]´w \¬Im≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv ]pØ≥Imhv sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n-bn-se-Øn. 1104 I¿°n-SIw H∂mw XobXn ˛ 1929 Pqembv 16- ˛ sNm∆mgvN ]pØ≥Imhp Im¿°vD’-h-Zn-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ab¬ CS-h-I-I-fn¬ \n∂v sshZn-Icpw, P\-ßfpwD’m-l-]q¿∆w Hgp-In-sb-Øn. hnip-≤ -Ip¿∫m\ at≤y siΩm-»\v sshZn-I-]´w sImSp-Øp. Ip¿∫m-\-bpsS tijw `mKw \h sshZn-I≥ ]q¿Ønbm-°n.]ns‰ Rmb-dmgvN A®≥ B ]≈n-bn¬ Xs∂ ]pØ≥ Ip¿∫m-\bpw A¿∏n-®p. sIm®-®≥ sshImsX sa{Xm-\mbn A`n-jn-‡-\m-hm≥t]mhp-I-bm-sW∂ Imcyw F√m-hcpw CXn-\Iw Adn-p-I-gn-n-cp-∂p.AXp-sIm≠v henb _lp-am-\-tØmSpw, AXp-ey-amb kvt\lm-Z-c-ßtfmSpwIqSn Hcp sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-tbmSp s]cp-am-dp∂ t]mse P\-߃s]cp-am-dn-. hr≤-P-\-߃ \h sshZn-Is‚ ssIap-Øm≥ {]tXyIXmev]cyw ImWn-®p. km[m-cW ta¬]´-°m-cpsS ssI Npw-_n-°p-I-bm-

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 59Wt√m ]Xn-hv. ChnsS a\»mkv{Xw F¥m-sW∂p sh®m¬ sIm®-®≥ASp-Øp- Xs∂ sa{Xm-\m-Ipw. AXp-hsc X߃ Pohn-®n-cp-∂n-s√-ntem?sa{Xm-\mbn ssIap-Øm≥ Ign-n-s√-nsem F∂pw {]mb-am-b-h¿ Nn¥n-®n-cn-°mw.sIm®-®≥ Ip¿∫m\ AW-bv°p∂ Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fn¬ AXn¬ ]s-Sp-°m≥ `‡-P-\-߃ hnZq-c-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ \n∂p- t]mepw h∂p-sIm≠ncp-∂p.{ipXn-a-[p-c-amb Ip¿_m\ at[y sNøp∂ hn⁄m-\-{]-Z-amb {]`mjWwtIƒ°m≥ ]≈n-°-IØpw ]pdØpw hcm-¥-bnepw ImtXm¿ØvP\w Xnßn-\n-dv \n¬°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Fw. F; _n. Un. °mc≥ A®s‚{]kwKw tIƒ°m≥ Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap≈ k`mw-K-߃ bm{Xm-ku-I-cy-°p-dhp-≈-Xn-\m¬Xte-Zn-hkw Xs∂ ]pØ≥ Im-hn-ep≈ _‘p-ho-Sp-I-fn¬FØn-bn-cp-∂p-h-s{X.alm-Ihn ]pØ≥Imhv amØ≥ Xc-I≥ Xncp-ta-\n-sb-∏‰n Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≈-Xn¬ \n∂v kzev]w D≤-cn-°p-∂p: ""kpdn-bm-\n-°m-cpsS hnip≤-Ip¿∫m-\-bpw, IqZm-i-I-fpw, {]m¿∞\-I-fpw, Otµm\n_-≤hpw, cmK-k--en-X-hpambKm\-ß-fpsS kam-lm-c-ß-fm-Wv. a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-ßsf BI¿jn-°p-∂-Xn\p kwKo-X-Øn-\p≈ A¤p-X-i‡n a\- n-em-°n-bn-´p≈ aX-{]-Nmc-I-∑m¿Bcm-[\m {KŸ-ß-fnse KZy-`m-K-߃ t]mepw Km\-a-b-ambcoXn-bn¬ hmbn-°p-I-bm-Wt√m ]Xnhv. ]≈n-bnse Bcm-[\ BI¿j-I-hpw, `‡n-\n¿`-c-hp-am-I-W-sa-n¬ Bcm-[\ \S-Øp∂ sshZn-I\v kwKo-X-Øn¬ P∑-kn-≤-amb hmk-\-bp-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. Aßn-s\-bp≈ Xncpta-\n-am¿ae-c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bn¬ hnc-f-a-√m-Xn-cp∂ Hcp Imeap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.NmØp-cpØn sa{Xm-®s‚ injy-∑m-cmbn thZm-`y-k\w\S-Øn-bn-cp∂ Hcp kwLw sshZn-I¿ kwKo-X-a-[p-c-amb Bcm-[\Iƒ\S-Øp-∂-Xn¬ AXn-hn-Z-Kv≤≥am-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cn¬ G‰hpw {]ap-J-\mbn-cp∂pam¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS hµy]nXm-hmb tXmΩmIØ-\m¿. At±-l-Øns‚ Ip¿∫m-\-bpw, {]m¿∞-\-I-fpw, i_vZ-am-[pcywsIm≠pw, `‡n-{]-Np-cna- sIm≠pw At\-I-iXw Bcm-[-Isc BI¿jn-®n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. B hµy-ssh-Zn-Is‚ kwKo-X-hm-k-\-bpw, i_vZ-am-[p-cyhpwAtX-]Sn sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bn¬ ebn-®p-tN¿∂n-cp-∂p. ]©aw ]mSp∂]qp-bn-ens‚ \mZam[p-cy-tØm-Sp- IqSn tZhm-e-b -_-en-]o-T-ß-fpsSap≥`mKØp \n∂psIm≠v Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fnse {]`m-X-th-f-I-fn¬ sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n ""ssZh-ta, \o ]cn-ip-≤-\m-Ip∂p-∂p'' F∂v AXyp-®-Øn¬{]m¿∞\ Bcw-`n-°p-tºmtg°pw, Bcm-[-\-bn¬ kw_-‘n-°p∂ At\-I-iXw `‡-P-\-ß-fpsS lrZ-b-߃ ]nXm-hmb ssZhw hkn-°p∂kz¿§ob knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ B-tcm-lWw sNøp-∂-Xmbn tXm∂n-t∏m-Ipam-bn-cp-∂p.C{X-am{Xw `‡n-P-\-I-amb coXn-bn¬ ip{iqj \S-Øm≥ss{IkvXh k`-bnse Npcp°w Nne ]c-a-tbm-Kn-Iƒ°p am{Xta km[n-®n-cp-∂p-≈q'' (am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv kph-\o¿, t]Pv 48).

60 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv11"B Iev]\]n≥hen°cptXm?'1930 Imew. _Y\n sa{Xm®≥ Xs∂ NXn®p F∂v h´t»cn¬Xncpta\n°v Znhk߃ IgnbpwtXmdpw t_m≤yambns°m≠ncp∂p.i{Xphmb Hcmƒ NXn°pIbmsWn¬ B h©\ kln°mhp ∂XmWv.F∂m¬, Bflan{XamsW∂v [cn®ncp∂ Hcp hy‡nbpsS sImSpwNXnFßns\ s]mdp°m\pw, kln°m\pw Ignbpw? AXmWv h´t»cn¬Xncpta\n°v am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkn¬ \n∂p≠mb A\p`hw. \mS≥`mjbn¬ ]dm¬ "Npaen¬ Ccp∂v sNhn Xn∂p.'tdmamk`bn¬ tN¿∂v B¿®v _nj∏v am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkmbnhneknb ]Wn°cp sa{Xms‚ PohNcn{Xw c≠p hmeyambn FgpXnb^mZ¿ C©°temSn Cßs\ ]dbp∂p (H∂mw hmeyw, t]Pv 331):"A\nXckm[mcWamb _p≤nkma¿∞yhpw AXns\ sh√Ø°{]h¿Ø\sshZKv≤yhpw HØnWßnb Hcp Akmam\y hy‡nbmbncp∂p h´t»cn¬ am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv sa{Xmt∏meoØm.{InkvX_vZw 1909˛1934 hscbp≈ 25 h¿jw ChnSsØ Hm¿Ø tUmIvkvk`bpsS `cWw \SØns°m≠ncp∂ At±lw \nc¥c t]mcm´Øn¬IqSnbmWv acW]cy¥w Ign®pIq´nbn´p≈Xv. tIcf Ønse ]pØ≥Iq¿P\Xsb CtXhsc `cn®n´p≈ sa{Xm∑mcn¬ F¥psIm≠pwAZznXobamb Hcp ÿm\Øn\¿l\mWv am¿ Zoh∂m tkymkv F∂p\n tµlw {]kvXmhn°p∂Xn\p km[n°pw. `cW I¿Øm°ƒ°vAhiyw D≠mbncnt°≠ \bX{¥⁄X, hn]Zn ss[cyw, kl\i‡napXemb \nch[n KpW߃ At±lØns‚ PohnXKXnsb DS\ofw\nb{¥n®psIm≠ncp∂p. \ΩpsS IYm]pcp j\n¬ (am¿Cuhm\ntbmkn¬) {]tim`n®ncp∂ KpWKW ßfn¬ _lp`qcn`mKhpw,am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkpambp≠mb \nc¥c klhmkØn¬ \n∂ve`n®n´p≈XmsW∂p CcphcpsSbpw PohnX KXnsb kkq£vaw\nco£Ww sNbvXn´p≈h¿ kΩXn°pI Xs∂ sNøpw. Xs‚ bYm¿∞]n≥Kmanbmbn -˛-aec sa{Xmt∏meo Ømbmbn ˛ tIcfØnseHm¿ØtUmIvkv k`m`cWta¬∏n°p∂ Xn\p am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkvap≥Iq´n AWnbdbn¬ Hcp°n bncp∂ GIhy‡nbpw \ΩpsSIYm]pcpj≥ Xs∂bmbncp∂p.'am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkns‚ PohNcn{XØn¬ ]dbp∂t]mse h´t»cn¬

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 61Xncpta\n A{Xbv°p Imcyambn´mWv ]Wn°cp sa{Xms\ IcpXnbncp∂sX∂v kΩXnt® Xocp. h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\nbpsS HuZmcyw H∂psIm≠mWv At±lw D∂XhnZym`ymkw Ign∏m\pw, ta¬∏´ÿm\ØvFØnt®cm\pw CSbmbXv. "Bcn¬ \n∂mWv IqSp X¬ klmbw e`n®Xv,Ahsc thWw BZyw NXn°ms\∂v' GsXnepw `mjbnse ]gs©m√n¬ D≠mbncn°ptam F∂v Adnbn√. "]mep sImSpØ ssI°v ISn°pI'F∂ Hcp ]gs©m√v ]mhs∏´ aebmf `mjbn¬ D≠v. AXp ]Wn°cpsa{Xm≥ icn°p \nh¿Øn®p.Ct±lw GgmwXcw Ignv XpS¿∂v ]Tn°m≥ ho´n¬ bmsXmcpam¿§hpan√msX siΩm»\mbn Fw. Un. skan\mcnbn¬ hs∂ØnbImesØ°pdn®v amΩ≥ am∏nfbpsS "PohnXkvacWIfn¬' ]dbp ∂p≠v(t]Pv 56):"............ At∏mgmWv ]n. Sn. KohdpKokv siΩmi≥ Hcp hnZym¿∞nbmbn Fw. Un. sslkv°qfn¬ \memw ^mdØn¬ tN¿∂Xv. CusiΩm»≥ ka¿∞\pw, _p≤nam\pw Bbncp∂Xn\m¬ aev]m\®s‚(h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\nbpsS) {]tXyI hm’eyØn\p ]m{Xamhp Ibpw,A®≥ Cu hnZym¿∞nbpsS ]TnØØn¬ khntijw {i≤n°pIbpwsNbvXp. siΩmi\pw a¬∏m\®t\mSv Fs¥∂n√mØ `‡ymZc߃D≠mbncp∂p. siΩmis‚ k¿∆hnZym`ymk sNe hpIfpw kapZmbhIbmbn a¬∏m\®≥ \n¿hln®p sImSpØv, At±lsØ Fw. F.]m mIp∂Xp hsc ]Tn∏n®p (ho´n¬ KXnbn √mØXp aqeamWt√mF´mw ¢mkp apX¬ Fw. F. hsc kapZmbs®ehn¬ ]Tn∏n®Xv). At∏mtgbv°pw Fw. Un. sslkv°qfn¬ HutZymKnI ÿm\Øv Fs‚ Xebv°p aosX {]XnjvTn°m≥ a¬∏m\®≥ Xømdm°nb BfmWv ]n. Sn.KnhdpKokv siΩmi≥ F∂Xv CXn\Iw kv]jvSambn Ignncp∂p.siΩmis\ kapZmb tkh\Øn¬ Hcp {][m\ ÿm\Øp {]XnjvTn°m\p≈ A`n\nthiw aev]m\®\n¬ sImSpºncns°m≠p.'C\n am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkns‚ PohNcn{XØn¬ XpS¿∂v ]dbp ∂Xpt\m°mw (t]Pv 334): "D¬°rjvS\nebn¬ Fw. F. _ncpZw Icÿam°nbtijw 1907 ˛¬ a{Zmkn¬ \n∂p aSßnsbØnb ]n. ‰n. KohdpKokvsiΩmis\ Fw. Un. skan\mcn sslkv°qƒ {]n≥kn ∏mfmbn]pent°m´p Xncpta\n \nban®Xpw h´t»cn¬ a¬∏ms‚ ip]m¿iA\pkcn®mbncp∂p.'h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\nbpsS hnizkvX Zmk≥ F∂v ]pdta°vtXm∂n°p∂ XcØnembncp∂p \bh©I\mb ]Wn°cv siΩm is‚]n∂oSp≈ \o°w. B s]cpam‰ hntijØn¬ Xncpta\nsb hogvØm≥]Wn°cp siΩmi\v Ignp F∂v kΩXnt® Xocq.

62 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv"X∂Xn√ ]c\p≈p Im´phm≥ H∂pta \c\p]mbaoizc≥' F∂valmIhn ]mSnbncn°p∂p! adn®v Nn¥n°p∂Xmbm¬ A]cs‚ D≈va\ nem°phm\p≈ Ignhpw ssZhw a\pjy\v sImSpØn´ns√∂vkΩXn°Ww. 1917 ˛ ¬ skdmºqcn¬ s{]m^k¿ tPmen t\m°n bncp∂]Wn°c®\v h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n FgpXn "\ap°v Hcp hniz kvX\pw,kXykvt\lnX\paps≠n¬ AXp Xm\msW∂v AdnbmØ h\√ \mw.'F. ]oent∏mkv PUvPn°v h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n Cßns\ FgpXn:"CltemIØn¬ \ΩpsS _Y\n sa{Xm®s\t∏mse \mw Btcbpwkvt\ln°pIbpw, hnizkn°pIbpw, D≠mbn´n√. \ΩpsS ImtXm en°m_mhmsb°mfpw \tΩ°mƒ Xs∂bpw \mw At±lsØ hnizkn°bpw,kvt\ln°bpw sNbvXncp∂p.'skdmºqcn¬ \n∂v aSßnh∂tijw ]Wn°c®≥ _Y\n B{iawXpSßn. AXn\p≈ kIe klmbklIcWßfpw h´t» cn¬Xncpta\n sNbvXp sImSpØp. 100 G°¿ ÿew Cen°¬ tPm¨h°o¬ Zm\w sNbvXp. \{kmWnIƒ ssIbb®v _Y\n°v kw`mh\sImSpØp. ]n∂oSv ]Wn°c®s\ am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv F∂ t]cn¬sa{Xm\mbn hmgn®p. am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkns‚ Xmev]cy {]Imcw At±lØns‚ ]mhbmb bmt°m_v dºms\ am¿ Xntbm^ntemkv F∂\maØn¬ F∏nkvtIm∏bmbn hmgn®p.Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`bn¬ \n∂v X¬°mew t\Smhp∂sX√mwt\Sn°gnt∏mƒ ]Wn°cpsa{Xm≥ X\n\ndw ImWn°m≥ XpSßn.CXn\Iw h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n k`mkam[m\Øn\mbn a¿±o\n¬ t]mbAhkcØn¬ k`hI kvIqfpIfpsS amt\Pvsa‚ v am¿ Cuhm \ntbmkvX{¥]q¿∆w ssI°em°nbncp∂p."aeck`bpsS `qX°ÆmSn' ({]kn≤oIcWw 1930) t]Pv 134 ¬\n∂pw Aev]w D≤cn°p∂p: "am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv sa{Xmt∏meoØmXncpta\n ioabv°p t]mb AhkcØn¬ At±lØns‚ amt\Pvsa‚nep≈ hnZymebßfpsS NpaXe BscbmWv Gev]nt°≠sX∂vBtemN\bp≠mbn. Cu hnhcw {Kln® DS≥ am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv henbXncpta\nbpsS ASp°¬ HmSnsbØn. hnZymebßfpsS amt\Pvsa‚ vCuhm\ntbmkv sa{Xm\n¬ \n£n]vXamIpIbpw sNbvXp. Fw. Un., Fw.Pn. Fw. F∂o sslkv°qfpIƒ Hgn®p aec sa{Xmt∏meoØmbpsSA[o\Ønep≠mbncp∂ F√m hnZymeb ßfpw (GXm≠v 60 kvIqfpIƒ)am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkn\v A[o\ambn. Ct∏mƒ At±lw tdmam k`bn¬tNcp∂Xn\p \n›bn® hnhcw Adnp henb Xncpta\n]≈n°qSßfpsS amt\Pvsa‚ v XncnsI In´p∂Xn\mhiys∏´t∏mft√am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkns‚ Ir{Xnahpw h©\bpw AhnsSbpw {]Xy£s∏´Xv. hnZymebßfpsS amt\Pvsa‚ v hln® hIbn¬ ]¥ocmbncw

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 63cq]m ISap≠p t]mepw! AXp XocmsX kvIqfpIƒ hn´psImSp°p∂Xn\p\nhrØnbns√∂mbn am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv.h´n∏Wt°kv \S∂ncp∂ AhkcØn¬ tIkv tZmjambn hcnIbmsWn¬ ]gb]≈nIƒ hn´psImSpt°≠n hs∂ntem F∂ Nn¥h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\nsb Ae´nbncp∂p. _Y\nbpsS t]cn¬ ]pXnb]≈nIƒ ÿm]n®m¬ ]m{Xnb¿°okv `mKØn\v Ah ]nSns® Sp°m≥]‰msX hcpsa∂v Xncpta\n IW°pIq´n. AXns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬Hmtcm {]tZiØpw _Y\n∏≈n ÿm]n°phm≥ h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\nt{]m¬kml\w \¬In. ]mtd´v am¿ Cuhm \ntbmkv IØ\mcmbncp∂ImeØv FgpXnb Ubdn°pdn∏n¬ Cßns\ ]dbp∂p. 1100 Xpemw]Ønse Ubdn°pdn∏v: ""...... h´n∏Wt°kv ]p\cp sImSp°phm≥Xocpam\n®p. Bhiys∏´m¬ ]≈nshbv°m≥ X°hn[w F√mÿeßfnepw _Y\n hIbmbn ÿe߃ hmßn®nSWsa∂mWvheyXncpta\nbpsS A`n{]mbw.....''aec\{kmWnIƒ thmfyw 4 t]Pv 561 ˛¬ ]mtd´v \m´n¬ apgph≥_Y\n∏≈nIƒ ÿm]n°phm≥ h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n t{]m¬km l\wsImSpØXns‚ `hnjyØns\°pdn®v Cßns\ ]dbp∂p:"hdN´nbn¬ \n∂v ASp∏nte°v' F∂ hn[ap≈ Hcp hn\ hnfn®phcpØpIbmWv Xm≥ sNøp∂sX∂v At±lw At∏mƒ kwibn®n√."Zn\w {]Xnbp≈ A∏w' t]mepw _Y\n°p In´ns°m≠ncp∂Xpwkw`mh\Iƒ hgn Bbncp∂p. Fnepw _Y\n∏≈nIƒ \mSns‚\m\m`mKßfnepw D≠mbn. _Y\n°mcpsS {]NcWtam, kzm[o\tamsIm≠mWv Ah D≠mbsX∂p am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkp t]mepw hniz kn®pImWpsa∂p tXm∂p∂n√._Y\n sa{Xm®≥ NXn®p (a. \. hmeyw 4, t]Pv 569):1105 I¿°nSIw 23˛\p am¿ Koh¿§okv Zoh∂mtkymkpambn \S∂kw`mjWsØ∏‰n ^mZ¿ ]mtd´ns‚ Ubdn°pdn∏v. "....... _Y\n°mcyambncp∂p C∂sØ {][m\ kwkmchnjbw. _Y\n sa{Xm®≥NXn®p F∂mWv henb sa{Xm®≥ ]dbp∂Xv. At±lØns‚ tdmamIºhpw, AhntSbv°v Nmv, Nmv t]mIp∂p F∂p≈ h¿Øam\hpw hnizkn°msX Ign°m\mWv am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv BZyamZyw{ian®psIm≠ncp∂Xv. F∂m¬ Imew aptºm´p t]mbt∏mƒ AkpJIcamb B hm¿ØIƒ°p ASnÿm\aps≠∂v At±lØn\pt_m≤yambnØpSßn. Ignhp≈ ÿeßfnse√mw _Y\n∏≈nIƒÿm]n°Ww F∂v B⁄m]n® Bƒ Xs∂ 1105 Ipw`w 21˛mw XobXn,C\nta¬ _Y\n∏≈nIƒ hbv]nt°≠ F∂p ]dbp∂Xn\p\n¿_‘nX\mbn.''

64 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvam¿ Cuhm\ntbmkns\ \nb{¥n°msX hn´m¬ A]ISamsW∂vh´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n°pw, k`bnse t\Xm°∑m¿°pw t_m≤yambn.Ip≠d skan\mcnbn¬ sh®v 1105 Ipw`w 18 \v (1930 am¿®v 1) h´t»cn¬Xncpta\n kp∂ltZmkv hnfn®pIq´n. ImtXmen°m _mhm At∏mƒAhnsS FØn Xmakn°p∂p≠mbncp∂p. BtemN\bv°mbnXncph\¥]pcØp \n∂v C. sP. tPm¨ h°o¬, C. sP. ^oent∏mkph°o¬ apXemb kapZmb{]amWnIfpw h∂p tN¿∂p. _Y\nta¬∏´°mcmb am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkn\pw, am¿ Xotbm^ntemkn\pwsImSp°p∂Xn\v Hcp Iev]\ Xømdm°n. _Y\n∏≈nIƒ \nanØwP\ßfpsS CSbnepw, ]´°mcpsS CSbnepw Akzmÿyw t\cnSp∂XmbnAdnbp∂XpsIm≠v, taen¬ BtemNn®p Xocpam \n°p∂Xp hsc_Y\n∏≈nIƒ ÿm]n®p t]mIcpsX∂mWv Iev] \bn¬ ImWn®ncp∂Xv. Iev]\bpsS ]q¿Æcq]w Xmsgs°mSp°p∂p:˛\ΩpsS ktlmZc∑mcmb _Y\nbpsS _: KohdpKokp am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØmbv°pw _Y\nbpsS _: bmt°m_p am¿Xntbm^ntemkp F∏nkvtIm∏mbv°pw,..... _Y\n hIbmbn ]pXnb ]≈nIƒ ]e CShIIfnepw D≠mIp∂Xp aqew P\ßfpsS CSbnepw hntijn®v ]´°mcpsS CSbnepwITn\amb Akzmÿyw D≠mIp∂Xmbn \nßfpw Adnn´p≠t√m.CsX∏‰n R߃ Nn¥n®Xn¬ CShIIsf hn`Pn®v ]pXpXmbn_Y\n∏≈nIƒ D≠m°p∂Xp taem¬ \mw F√mhcpw IqSn BtemNn®pXocpam\n®Xns‚ tijw am{Xta ]mSp≈q F∂mWv R߃°vtXm∂p∂Xv. AXn\m¬ Aßs\ Xocpam\n°p∂Xp hsc Cu {iaw\ndpØn shbv°Wsa∂mhiys∏Sp∂p. `‡nP\Iamb {]hrØnIƒCt∏mƒ D≈ CShI∏≈nIƒ aqew \n߃°pw \SØm hp∂XmWt√m.CXn\p hn]coXambn \n߃ {]h¿Øn°p∂ ]£w RßfpsS Dt±iyw]≈n°msc km[\w aqew Adnbn°p∂Xn\v R߃ \n¿_‘nXcmbnØocp∂XmWv.F∂v {InkvX_vZw 1930 ˛ \v sIm√w 1105 Ipw`amkw 18˛mw XobXnIp≠d Aca\bn¬ \n∂pw,s]uckvXy ImtXmen°m tamdm≥ am¿ _t entbmkv (H∏v)aec CShIbpsS am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv sa{Xmt∏meoØm (H∏v)tIm´bw CShIbpsS am¿ {KotKmdntbmkv F∏nkvt°m∏m (H∏v)tN∏m´v dºm\pw, ]pent°m´n¬ dºm\pw tN¿∂v FgpXnb "aeck`bpsS Ipg¬°ÆmSn' F∂ {KŸØn¬ XpS¿∂p≠mb kw`h߃hnhcn°p∂p≠v (t]Pv 77):""{]kvXpX Iev]\ Ab®v FXm\pw \mfpIƒ IgnXn¬∏ns∂

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 65henb Xncpta\nbpw, _Y\nØncpta\nbpw XΩn¬ Xncpaqe]pcw_menImaTØn¬ sh®v t\cn¬ I≠p. ""AhnSpsØ Bt«jØn\vA¿l\√mØhÆw Fs∂ B°nØo¿Øpht√m'' F∂p ]dv_Y\nØncpta\n Imev°¬ hoWp. F¥p ImcWØmtem, henbXncpta\n DS≥ Zqsc amdnt∏mbn Xncnp \n∂p t\m°n°mWp IbmWvD≠mbXv. henbXncpta\nsbm∂n®v h∂ncp∂ sI. ‰n. Kohdp Kokvdºm≥ _Y\nØncpta\nbpsS ssIbv°p ]nSn®p FWo∏n®p. ""ImepapØm≥ A\phZn°pIbns√n¬ ssI Fnepw apØs´'' F∂p ]dp_Y\nØncpta\n apt∂m´p sN∂p.....''Sn ]pkvXIw t]Pv 78. ""ssZh\SØn∏nt\bpw a‰pw At\ym\yw kzev]t\cw kw`mjWw \S∂p. DS≥ Koh¿Kokv dºm≥ henb Xncpta\ntbmSmbn ""B Iev]\ ]n≥hen°cptXm?'' F∂p tNmZn®p."X’abw _Y\nØncpta\n Ip\nncp∂p IcbpIbmbncp∂pht{X.....' F∂v Hcp Im®v Im®nbn´p≠v ta¬]d ]pkvXIØn¬!_Y\nØncpta\nbpsS t\¿°v hmb\°mcpsS klXm]w H∏nsbSp°phm\mbncn°Ww kmlnXyIpie\mb ]pent°m´n¬ dºm≥ CuB∏v ASn®pIb‰nbsX∂p thWw Duln°m≥. am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkvB kµ¿`Øn¬ Icn´ps≠n¬ AXns\bmWv apXe°Æo¿ F∂vaebmf`mjbn¬ ]dbp∂Xv. sNømhp∂ t{Zmlsa√mw h´t»cn¬Xncpta\ntbmSpw, P\n®p hf¿∂ k`tbmSpw sNbvXv ]ns∂ Hcp Ic®nepwIqSn ImgvN sh°p∂ B I]S alm]ptcmlnX≥ Im¬°¬ hogm≥h∂t∏mƒ kv]¿ita¬°msX h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n Hgnpamdnsbn¬AXn¬ F¥mWv AXv`pXw?KohdpKokv dºm≥ ""B Iev]\ ]n≥hen°cptXm?'' F∂ptNmZn®Xn\v ""h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n IgpØn\p Np‰pw Nq≠phnc¬ sIm≠pBwKyw ImWn®n´v, IgpØp t]mbmepw AXp sNbvI bns√∂p≈A¿∞Øn¬ \ntj[w {]ISn∏n®p. c≠maXpw kw`mj Wat≤y AtXtNmZyw Bh¿Øn°s∏´p. At∏mgpw BZysØ BwKyw Xs∂ImWpamdmbn' F∂v Ipg¬°ÆmSnbn¬ ]dbp∂p.am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkns‚ h©\bpw, X´n∏pIfpw \∂mbn a\ nem°nbncp∂ Bfmbncp∂p KohdpKokv dºm®≥. skdmºqcnte°vsiΩmi\mbncn°ptºmƒ sIm≠pt]mbXv At±lambncp∂t√m. am¿Cuhm\ntbmkns\ Af∂pw, Xq°nbpw a\ nem°phm≥ At±lsam∂n®p≈ hmkw CSbm°nbn´p≠v. _Y\n°mcyØn¬ am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv \SØnbn´p≈ kmºØnI {Iat°SpIsf∏‰nbpw dºm®≥t_m[hm\mbncp∂p. k` hI kvIqfpIƒ ssI°em°n AXv hn´psImSp°msX apS¥≥ \ymb߃ ]dv Hgnp amdp∂Xn¬ dºm®\vam¿ Cuhm\ntbmknt\mSp Aa¿jhpw D≠mbncp∂p.

66 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv_Y\n∏≈nIƒ sh®pIqsS∂ Iev]\ ""]n≥hen°cptXm?'' F∂vAt±lw tNmZn®Xmbn "Ipg¬°ÆmSnbn¬ am{Xta A°meØvFgpXn°≠n´p≈q. Ipg¬°ÆmSnbn¬ \n∂v C°mcyw ^m. C©°temSn, am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkns‚ PohNcn{XØn¬ ]I¿Ønbn´pap≠v.A√msX thsdmcp ÿeØpw Aßns\ At±lw h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\ntbmSv tNmZn®Xmbn FgpXn°≠n´n√. F¥p \pWbpw"imkv{Xobambn' FgpXn∏nSn∏n°phm≥ Ignhp≈hcmWv doØpIm¿F∂Xn\v DZmlcW߃ th≠pthmfap≠v. R߃ FgpXnb ""h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n ˛ aeck`bpsS tIm´'' F∂ {KŸØn¬ (tIm´bv°¬]_vfotjgvkv, amßm\w, tIm´bw˛18) "BLmXta¬∏n® h≥NXn' F∂A≤ymbØn¬ AXn\p≈ DZmlcWßfpw, IqSpX¬ hnhcßfpwsImSpØn´p≠v.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 6712Koh¿Kokv dºm≥KohdpKokv IØ\m¿°v aq∂p amkta A®\mbn Ignbm≥ CSh∂p≈q. 1929 \hw_¿ 3 \v RmbdmgvN ]cpae s]cp∂mƒ Ign Xns‚]nt‰Znhkw ]cpae sh®v _t entbmkv Koh¿Kokv ZznXob≥ImtXmen°m _mhm, Koh¿Kokv IØ\msc dºm\m°n. ]mºmSnXncpta\nbpw, _Y\n sIm®psa{Xm®\pw k∂nlnXcm bncp∂p. A∂pXs∂ tN∏m´v ]oent∏mkv A®-s\bpw dºm\m°n. Koh¿Kokv dºm\pwtN∏m´v ]oent∏mkv dºm\pw ]cpae skan\mcn∏≈nbpsS sX°pwhS°pap≈ hmXn¬°¬ \n∂v `‡P\ßsf Ipcnip apØn ®p. tN∏m´vam¿ Zoh∂mtkymkns‚ IpSpw_Øn¬s∏´ sshZnI\mbn cp∂p^oent∏mkv dºm≥. Ct±lw ]n∂oSv ItØmen°m k`bn¬ tN¿∂p.am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkns‚ kzm[o\hebØn¬ s]´v doØn¬ tN¿∂as‰mcmfmbncp∂p ]pent°m´n¬ sbutk^v dºm≥. Ccph¿°pwsa{Xm≥ ÿm\w \¬Imsa∂v am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv hm°p sImSpØncps∂nepw hm°p ]men®n√.1929 Koh¿Kokv dºm®s‚ PohnXØnse Hcp {][m\s∏´ h¿jambncp∂p. 1929 ˛¬ ]q¿Æ siΩmip]´hpw sshZnI]´hpw dºm≥ÿm\hpw e`n®p. XpS¿∂v ]gbskan\mcnbn¬ Xmakam°n. h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n A∂v ]gbskan\mcnbn¬ Bbncp∂p ÿncXmakw.Koh¿Kokv ZznXob≥ _mhm Ip≠d skan\mcnbnepw. skuIcywIn´ptºmsg√mw _mhm ]gbskan\mcnbnepw FØpw. h´t»cn¬Xncpta\n Imew sNbvXtijamWv _mhm ]gbskan\mcnbnte°vXmakw am‰nbXv. ta¬∏´°m¿ BNcnt°≠ I¿Ωm\pjvTm\ßsf°pdn®pw, ]ment°≠ N´, h´ßsf°pdn®pw th≠ D]tZi ߃sImSpØph∂Xv h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\nbmbncp∂p. k`m-`-cW Imcy-ßfn¬At±-lsØ Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Koh¿Kokv dºm-®≥ klm-bn-®psIm≠n-cp-∂p. A`y-kvX-hn-Zy-\mb dºm-®s‚ D]-tZ-ihpw Btem-N-\bpw h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n hne-a-Xn-®n-cp-∂p. CShI kµ¿ i\thfbn¬Koh¿Kokv dºm®s\bpw sIm≠pt]mIpw. Aßs\ hnhn[ CShIIfpambpw P\ßfpambpw kº¿°Ønte¿s∏Sm≥ km[n®p. h´t»cn¬Xncpta\nbpsam∂n®v dºm®\pw hcp∂Xv CShI°m¿°v henbkt¥mjap≈ Imcyambncp∂p. dºm®s‚ {]`mjWßfpw, KoXßfpwbphXeapdbv°v CXn\Iw henb lcambn amdnbncp∂p.kwL¿jw ap‰n \n¬°p∂ cwKtØ°v dºm®≥ IS∂ph∂m¬_mem¿°kqcyIncWßtf‰ an≥IW߃ t]mse A¥co£w

68 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvs]s´∂v im¥amIpw.CcpI£nIfpw XΩnep≈ `n∂X cq£ambncp∂ a≤yXncphnXmwIqdnse Hcp {]apJÿew. hmZn ˛ {]XnIfmb {SÃnIƒ Hcp tXmSns‚CcpIcIfnepambn Xmakn®ncp∂p. C∂pw `n∂I£nIfnse {SÃnam¿Cu tXmSns‚ Xs∂ Ccphißfn¬ Xmakn°p∂p≠v. AhnsS HcpIpcnip]≈n°he F∂ {][m\ÿeap≠v. Np‰p]mSpap≈ ]≈nIƒA∂v ]q´n°nS°pIbmWv. BflnI{]h¿Ø\sa∂p ]dbphm≥ASpØp≈ tImfPnse hnZym¿∞nIƒ \SØnh∂ncp∂ kt≠kvIqƒam{Xw. hnZym¿∞nIfn¬ c≠p hn`mKØn¬s∏´hcpap ≠mbncp∂p. Cu{]tXyIX a\ nem°msX dºm®s\ kt≠kvIqƒ hm¿jnIØn\vA≤y£\mbn £Wn®p. ISpØ hmin°mcmb c£nXm°ƒ ktΩf\Øn¬ kw_‘n°phm≥ FØnbn´p≠v. F{X \n mc ImcyØn\pwISn]nSn IqSp∂ h¿§kz`mhw Ahcn¬ ZriyamWv. kwKXn Ipgbpsa∂p]e¿°pw tXm∂n. CXn\nsS dºm®s\ {]kwKn°m≥ A\phZn°pIbns√∂v Nne ISpØ ]m{Xnb¿°okv `‡∑m¿ {]Ncn∏n®p. CXv Fßns\tbm dºm®s‚ sNhnbnepsaØn. Fnepw AsXm∂pw At±lw tI´`mhw \Sn®n√.]ncnapdp°ap≈ B kZ nte°v dºm®≥ h∂p. Hm¿ØtUmIvkvhn`mKØn¬ s]´ c£nXm°fpsS D≈n¬ Xobmbncp∂p! dºm®s\Fs¥nepw XcØn¬ A]am\n®m¬......... B Imcyw Nn¥n°m≥ Xs∂{]bmkambncp∂p. \nanj߃°Iw kpkvtachZ\\mbn dºm®≥lmfn¬ {]thin®p. \SØn∏pIm¿ At±lsØ thZnbnte°v_lpam\]q¿∆w B\bn®p. dºm®s‚ apJØv, "itbm, `oXntbm'\ngen®ncp∂n√. \njvIfamb Hcp ]p©ncn am{Xw. Iq∏pssIbpambnAt±lw kZ n¬ \n∂p. "\ap°v {]m¿∞n°mw' F∂p≈ AarX[z\nlmfn¬ apgßn. lrZbØnte°p In\nv Cdßp∂ {]m¿∞\IgntXmsS sshcmKnIfpsS hntZzj[qfnIƒ Aa¿∂p. {]kwKn °m≥A\phZn°ns√∂v hoºnf°nbhcpsS apJØv Pmfyhpw Ip‰t_m[hpw\ngen®p.kZ n¬ Ip´nIfpw, bphm°fpw hr≤∑mcpw Xnßn\ndncp∂p.dºm®s‚ {]kwK ssienbpw `mjmss\]pWyhpw H∂p thsdbmbncp∂p. \n¿ae{KmaoW `mj At±lØn\v am{Xw hgßp∂Xm bncp∂p.\mSnt\mSv _‘s∏´ IYIfpw, CXnlmkßfpw, D]IYIfpw, D]aIfpwItºmSv Iºv ASp°nsh® B {]kwKw tIƒ°p∂hcpsS a\ v Ft¥mkpJioXfkv]¿iØm¬ B\µ kmKcØn¬ BdmSpw. A∂sØ{]kwKw ad°m≥ hømØXm bncp∂p. "]nRvOnI sIm≠p≈ PmewIWs°' Ingt°Øebv°¬ dºm®≥, kwL¿j`cnXamb A¥co£wXqØphmcn AhnsS kvt\lØns‚ aecpIƒ hnX®p.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 691929 ˛se hnZym¿∞n tIm¨^d≥kv F√mw sIm≠pw kvacWm¿lambncp∂Xmbn AXn¬ kw_‘n®h¿ Hm¿°pw. h√mØ {]Xnk‘n°nSbnemWp tIm¨^d≥kv h∂p tN¿∂Xv. tdmam k`bpambn "sNm√nbm´w' \SØnbncp∂ _Y\nbpsS am¿ Cuhm \ntbmkv hnZym¿∞n{]ÿm\m≤y£ ÿm\w cmPnshs®m gnncp∂p. P\d¬ sk{I´dnsI. kn. tPm¿Pv (]n∂oSv C. Fw. Fkns‚ BZy a{¥nk`bn¬ `£yhIp∏v a{¥n) IΩyqWnÃv BZ¿ißfn¬ Bthiw sIm≠v{]ÿm\tØmSv hnS ]dp. A[y£ÿm\w G‰ ^mZ¿ ‰n. hn.tPmWpw (Bephm bp. kn. tImfPv Cw•ojv s{]m^-kdpw, aeck`mamknIbpsS {]Ya ]{Xm[n]cpw) ]n∂oSv tdmΩm doØn¬ tNcpIbmWvD≠mbXv. tIm¨^d≥kn\p \m\m`mKØpambn [mcmfw bphP\߃h∂ncp∂p. k`bnse IpØgn \ne]mSv I≠v a\ paSpØ Ah¿£p`nXcmbn. Ahsc im¥cm°nbXv Koh¿Kokv dºm\mbncp∂p.At±lØns‚ kma¿∞yhpw \bhpw tIm]n-jvT-cmb bphm-°sf im¥cm-°n.dºm-®s‚ D]-tZi kma¿∞yw, hnKznemkw, ]mfinXyw F∂nhk`ma°sf lTmZmI¿jn®ncp∂p. "Xßtf°mƒ F{Xtbm ]Tn∏pw,_p≤nbpw D≈ BfmWv dºm®≥; At±lw ]dbp∂tX icnbmIm≥hgnbp≈q' F∂ Hcp Dƒt_m[w bphP\߃°nSbnepw, a‰pwD≠mbncp∂p.dºm®\mbncp∂t∏mgpw sh´nØpd∂v Bscbpw IqkmsX Imcy ߃]dbp∂Xn¬ hnapJ\mbncp∂n√. a‰p≈h¿°v CjvSs∏Sptam, Ah¿F¥mWv hnNmcn°pI, F∂o Nn¥Isfm∂pw At±lØn\p{]iv\ambncp∂n√. dºm®≥ tIm´bw kn. Fw. Fkv. tImfPn¬ HcpB≤ymflnI kwLS\bpsS hm¿jnIØn¬ kw_ ‘n°pIbmbn cp∂p.{]kwKØns‚ BZy`mKØv anj\dnamcpsS tkh\ßsf {]iwkn®p.tImfPnse {]apJ A≤ym]Icpw, kn. Fw. Fknse sshZnIcpwap≥\ncbn¬ Ccp∂v {]kwKw {i≤m]q¿∆w tIƒ°p ∂p≠v. {]kwKw]n∂oSv tem N¿®vImcmb anj\dnamcpsS _p≤n iq\yamb {]hrØnIsfIpdn®mbn. Ah¿ X{¥]cambn kpdnbm\n k`sb ]nf¿ØnbXns\Ipdn®v Ncn{X{KŸßfnse sXfnhpIƒ \ncØn dºm®≥ {]`mjWw\SØn. ]gbskan\mcnbpsS aq∂ma sØ \nebnse `nØn Aeamcbn¬kq£n®ncp∂ ]gb kpdnbm\n {KŸßƒ ]o‰v F∂ anj\dn aecsa{Xmt∏meoØmbpsS Akm∂n≤yØn¬ AhnsS FØn AeamcnbpsSIXIp X√ns∏mfn®v Ih¿∂p sIm≠pt]mbn kn. Fw. Fkv. tImfPnse{]n≥kn∏ens‚ _w•mhn¬ kq£n°pIbpw ]n∂oSv Ahbn¬ ]eXpwA·n°v Ccbm°pIbpw sNbvXXmbn ]dt∏mƒ AXp tI´p sIm≠ncp∂ kn. Fw. F pImcpsS apJw IdpØp. Cßns\ F{X, F{X,kw`h߃.

70 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv13alm-]p-tcm-lnXÿm\-tØ°vam¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv tdmam k`-bn-te°v tNt°-dm-\p≈ Xob-Xnbpw,ka-b-hpw, -\n-›-bn®p Ign-p. ae-ck` apgp-h≥ Xs‚ ]pdsI hcpwF∂v hoºn-f°n tdmap-ambn IØn-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-cp∂ At±-l-Øn\vC\nbpw ImØn-cp-∂m¬ he-bn¬ s]´ a’y-߃ IqSn \jvS-s∏-Sp-sa∂t]Sn tXm∂n-Øp-S-ßn-bn-cp-∂p. Bƒ_e-an-√msX tdmam k`-bn-te°vsN∂m¬ Ah¿ kzoI-cn-®n-s√-ntem F∂ `bhpw Ie-i-embn D≠m-bn.CXn-\nsS ae--c-k-`-bn¬ DS-\ofw doØp {]ÿm-\-Øn-s\-Xnsc {]NcWwsImSp-ºncn sIm≠p. AXphsc im¥-ambn am¿ Cuh-m-\n-tbm-kns‚\o°-߃ \nco-£n-®n-cp∂ ae-ck`m t\XrXzw AXn-i-‡-ambn Xncn-®-Sn-°m≥ XpS-ßn. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n doØp {]ÿm-\-Øn-s\-Xnsckpi‡w {]Xn-I-cn-®p. \ne-bv°¬ I¨h≥j≥ DZvLm-S-\-th-f-bn¬ h´t»-cn¬Xncp-ta\n A¬]w hnIm-cm-th-i-tØmsS ]d-p: ""\Ωn¬ \n∂vHcp doØp ]pd-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. k-Sw, k-Sw, kSw!'' Xncp-ta-\n-bpsShm°p-I-fnse hnImcXo{hX AhnsS IqSn-bn-cp∂ P\X-Xn°v Xo¿ØpwA\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ing-t°-Ø-e-bv°¬ dºm-®≥ doØns‚ s]m≈-Ø-c-߃ Xpd-∂p-Im´n Xnc-s-SpØ thZn-I-fn¬ aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ \o≠{]`m-j-W-߃ \SØn. Hcn-°¬ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpw, dºm-®\pwIqSn Ip∂w-IpfØp h∂p. ]gb]≈n A-W-Øn¬ tN¿∂ hºn® kZns\A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXpsIm≠v dºm-®≥ {]kw-Kn-°p-I-bm-bncp-∂p.doØp-Im-cpsS h©-\-bpw, Im]-Syhpw At±lw Xpd∂p Im´n.dºm®≥ ka-b-]-cn[n hn´v Bth-i-]q¿∆w {]kw-Kn-°p-I-bm-Wv. HSp°wh´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°p, {]kwKw Npcp-°p-hm≥ dºm-®-t\mSv A`y¿∞nt°≠n-h-∂p. doØn¬ tN¿∂ ]pen-t°m-´n¬ sbutk^v dºm-®s‚P∑-\m-Smb Ip∂w-Ip-fØp \n∂v Bcpw doØn¬ tNcm≥ D≠m-bn√ F∂-XmWv kXyw. dºm-®s‚ kz¥w ktlm-Z-c-t\m, ktlm-Z-cn-amtcm, AhcpsSIpSpw-_-Øn¬s]-´-htcm Bcpw dºm-®s‚ IqsS ItØm-en°m k`bn¬tNcm≥ apt∂m-´p-h-∂n-√.ae-ck`-bn¬ \n∂v Xncn-®Sn In´m≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ am¿ Cuhm-\ntbm-kns‚_p≤n DW¿∂v {]h¿Øn-®p. AXns‚ ^e-ambn H´pwsshImsX ]m∏m-bpsS C¥y-bnse sUen-tK‰v A∏-kvtXm-en-°msbsN∂p I≠v tdmam k`-bn¬ tNcp-∂-Xn-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kw_-‘n®hni-Zmw-i-߃ N¿® sNbvXv s]s´∂v F√mw icn-s∏-SpØn sh®p.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 71CXn\nsS tIc-f-Ønse kndn-b≥ ItØm-en°m _nj-∏p-am-cn¬ Nne¿°vam¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kv, tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k`-bn¬ hcp-∂-Xn-t\mSvD≈n¬ hntcm[w D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. apSn-b-\mb ]p{X-s\-t∏mse, P\n®phf¿∂ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`sb Dt]-£n®v AhnsS \n∂p In´m-hp-∂sX√mwIh¿s∂-SpØv tdmam- k-`-bpsS ]Wkar-≤n-bn¬ IÆp-sh®vAXn¬ tNcm≥ t]mIp∂ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv HSp-hn¬ X߃°v Hcp_m[yXbmbn-Øo-cptam F∂m-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS t]Sn. ae-ck`sbIjvS-s∏-Sp-Ønb am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns‚ AXn-kma¿∞yw Xß-fpsSCS-bn¬ sXmgp-Øn¬IpØv D≠m°n HSp-hn¬ Xßsf IÆocp IpSn-∏n-°ptam F∂v Ah¿ `b∂p t]msb-n¬ Ahsc Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ hø."hcm-\p-≈Xv hgn-bn¬ Xßn√' F∂mWv {]am-Ww. B Zpc¥w kw`hn-®p."1106 I∂n 4. AXm-bXv 1930 sk]vXw-_¿ 20 i\n-bmgvN cmhnseGg-c- a-Wn°v sIm√Øp sN∂v eØo≥ _nj∏v tUm. Atem-jykv_≥kn-K-dns‚ apºn¬ ap´p-IpØn ]obqkv ]Xn-s\m-∂m-a≥ am¿∏m∏msh©-cn® sh¥nß Igp-Øn-e-Wn-v, D¿_≥ F´m-a≥ am¿∏m∏m \n¿tZin-®n-´p≈kXyhmN-I-߃ G‰p]dv ItØm-en-°-\m-bn. "]p\-sscIyw' F∂ Hma-\-t∏-cn´v doØp Ipm-Sp-Iƒ Cu \S-]-Sn°v D®Øn¬Duim-\- ]m-Sn. Ipsd ÿm\-tam-ln-I-fpw, Akw-Xr-]vX-cpw, Zp¿hr-Ø-cpw,Fdm≥aqfn-Ifpw kzbw Hcp Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°m≥ Ign-hn-√m-Ø-h-cp-ambHcp-]‰w Bfp-Iƒ "doØp' ambn ItØm-en°m k`-bn-te°v tNcn amdn''(h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n: ae-ck`-bpsS tIm´, t]Pv 117-˛118).CXn\p ap≥]pXs∂ ae-c Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ hnfn®pIq´m≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Bcw-`n-®n-cp-∂p. ""_Y-\n- sa-{Xm∑m¿ Ccphcpwtdmam k`-bn¬ tNcp-sa∂p hy‡-ambn [cn-®-bp-S≥ Xs∂, Ah¿°p]Icw ta¬∏-´-°msc hmgn-°p∂Xn\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Bcw-`n-®p. 1106 -Nnßw 19 \v ae-c Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ tN¿∂p.tbmKw Ie-°p-∂-Xn\p ]‰n-bn-s√-n-epw, Aaw-K-f-am-°-W-sa∂p h®ptdmΩm ˛ _Y-\n-°m-cpw, ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ]£-°mcpw a‰pw eLpteJ-Ifpw,]c-ky-°-S-emkpw hmtdm-e-Ifpw hnX-cWw sNbvXp. Fnepw Ipg-∏-߃ H∂pw D≠m-bn-√. D∂-bn® {]iv\-߃ Btcm-Ky-]-c-amb hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z-߃°p- tijw sFI-I-WvtTy\ ]m m-°p-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv.amt\-Pnßv IΩn-‰n-bpsS AwK-kwJy ap∏Ønaq∂mbn ¢n]vX-s∏-Sp-Øn.AwK-ßsf sXc-s-Sp-Øp. ssIhn´p-t]mbn F∂p Xo¿®-s∏´ _Y\nsa{Xms‚ Hgn-hn-te-bv°pw, a‰pw Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw hmgn-°p-∂-Xn\p]pØ≥Im-hn¬ Koh-dp-Kokv dºm≥, ^mZ¿ amXyqkv ]mtd-´v, sNdn-b-a-T-Øn¬ kvIdnbm aev]m≥, hmf-°p-gn-bn¬ tPmk^v IØ-\m¿, _Y-\nbnse^mZ¿ Ae-Ivkn-tbm-kv, sI. kn. Nmt°m (bp. kn. tImfPv) F∂nhscsXc-s-SpØp. `c-W-L-S\m IΩn-‰n-bn-te°p IqSp-X¬ AwK-ßsf

72 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvsXc-s-Sp-°p-Ibpw LS-\-bpsS \°¬ icn-s∏-SpØn Hcp h¿j-Øn-\Iw Atkm-kn-tb-j-\n¬ lmP-cm-°-W-sa∂p \n¿t±iw \¬Ip-IbpwsNbvXp. Gen-bmkv XrXo-bs‚ kµ¿i-\-hpw, _Y\n Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns‚tdmam ]qIepw Bk-∂-am-Wv, c≠p kwK-Xn-Ifpw ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ Ipg-∏-߃°p hgn-sX-fn°pw; c≠p Zn°n¬ \n∂pw B{I-a-W-߃ D≠mIpwF∂p F√m-h¿°pw Xs∂ Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\p≈ Hcp Xøm-sd-Sp-°¬ Bbn-cp∂p Cu Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ F∂p ]d-m¬ sX‰m-hn-√''(a. -\., hmeyw 4, t]Pv 781- ˛ 782).ta¬∏´ ÿm\-tØ°v ae-c Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ Xnc-s-SpØ Bdpt]cn¬ \n∂v BZyw sa{Xm-\mbn hmgn-°-s∏-´Xv ]pØ≥Imhv Koh-dp-Kokv dºm-\m-bn-cp-∂p. 1930 \h-w_¿ 3 \v Xn-fmgvN Koh¿§okv ZznXob≥ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpw, h´-t»-cn¬ Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂mtkymkvsa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpw, tIm´bw CS-h-I-bpsS ]mºmSn Ipdn-bmt°mkvam¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkpw Dƒs∏´ kp∂-l-tZmkv ]cp-ae -sh®v F∏nkvtIm-∏-bmbnhmgn-®p. Hcp Fw. F. °mc≥ sa{Xm≥ k` hn´p-t]m-b-Xns‚ NqSmdpw ap≥s] ˛ H∂-c- am-k-Øn-\-Iw, IrXy-am-bn-∏-d-m¬ 43˛mw]°w ˛ as‰mcp Fw. F. °mcs\ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n ta¬∏-´-°m-c-\mbn hmgn-®p.B h¿jsØ ]cp-a-e-s∏-cp-\mƒ Rmb-dm-gvN-bm-bn-cp-∂p. \mSns‚\m\m `mK-Øp- \n∂pw At\Iw ]´-°mcpw, P\-ßfpw ]cp-ae h∂p-Iq-Sn. c≠p Znh-ksØ \n¬∏n\p Xøm-dm-bn-´mWv Zqc-Zn-°p-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈`‡-P-\-߃ ]cp-ae h∂p-tN¿∂-Xv. c≠mw XobXn Rmb-dmgvN ]cp-ae-Øn-cp-ta-\n-bpsSHm¿Ω-s∏-cp-∂m-fn¬ kw_-‘n®v A\p-{K-l-߃ {]m]n-∏m-\pw, AXp-I-gnv ASpØ Znhkw \S-°p∂ sa{Xm-\-`n-tj-I-Øn¬]s-SpØp km^-ey-a-S-bm\pw. P\-ß-fpsS apJØv Fs¥-∂n-√mØBlvfm-Z-hpw, hodpw, {]Xy-£-am-bn-cp-∂p.\hw-_¿ 3 Xn-fmgvN cmhnse Ggp -a-Wn°v {]`m-X-\-a-kv°m-c-tØmsSBcw-`n® kpZo¿L-amb ip{iqjm I¿Ω-ß-fn¬ k`ma°ƒ `‡n]pccw]p sIm≠v A\p-{Klw {]m]n-®p.{][m\ Im¿Ωn-IXzw hln-®n-cp∂ Koh¿Kokv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m_mhm hn. Ip¿∫m\bpsS "Xqtbmt_m' ip{iq-j-bv°mbn aZv_-lm-bnte°p{]th-in-®p. kl-sa-{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mam¿ Koh¿Kokv dºms\ip{iqj-°p-∏mbw, ssla-\n-bv°m, CS-s°-´v, ssIbp-d, akv\]vkm F∂nh[cn-∏n-®p. Xe-bpw, apJhpw timi∏m sIm≠p aqSn. ImtXm-en°m_mhmbpw, sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mamcpw dºm-®s‚ apºmsI ap´p-Ip-Øn.]cn-ip-≤- Im-tXm-en°m _mhm C{]-Imcw {]kvXm-hn-®p: ""]uc-kvXyss«-lnIknwlm-k-\-Øns‚ A[n-Im-c-Øn≥ Iogn-ep≈ ]cn-ip-≤- k-`-

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 73bn¬ F∏n-kvtIm-∏-bm-bn-cn-°p-hm≥ ]cn-ip≤ dqlm Aßsb hnfn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.''At∏mƒ, ""BbXv Rm≥ kΩ-Xn®v kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p'' F∂v adp-]Sn ]dv dºm-®≥ ].- _m-hm-bpsS apºmsI ap´p-Ip-Øn.XpS¿∂v [ym\-Øn-\pw, {]m¿∞-\-bv°p-ambn \nbp-‡ -sa-{Xms\{]tXyIw k÷-am-°nb apdn-bn-te°v sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø∑m¿ B\-bn-®n-cp-Øn. ]. _mhm-bpsS {][m\ Im¿Ωn-I-Xz-Øn¬ hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\XpS¿∂p. CXn-\n-S-bn-emWv ÿm\m-`n-tj-I-Øns‚ H∂mw L´w ]p\-cmcw-`n-®-Xv.[ym\-\n-c-X-\m-bn-cp∂ ÿm\m¿∞nsb ta¬∏-´-°m¿ hn. aZv_-lm-bn-te°v Iq´n-s°m≠p h∂p. At±lw Ing-t°m´v A`n-ap-J-ambnssIIƒ sI´n ap´n≥ta¬ \n∂p. XpS¿∂v ip{iqj-Iƒ Bcw-`n®p.ko¿Ø-\-ß-fpw, s{]man-tbm≥ apX-emb {]m¿∞\Ifpw, sNm√n-btijwsa{Xmt∏meoØ∑m¿ ivfolm hmb\ \S-Øp-Ibpw ]. ImtXmen°m_mhm dºm-®s‚ Xe-bn¬ Gh≥tK-en-tbm≥ h®p hmbn-°p-IbpwsNbvXp. {]mcw` ip{iq-j-bv°p- tijw \nbp‡ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm kXyhn-izmkwG‰p-]-dpw thZ-hn-]-co-X-߃ Dt]-£n®pw, k`-tbm-Spw,ImtXm-en-t°-‰n-t\mSpw, ImtXm-en°m _mhm-tbm-Sp-ap≈ A\p-k-c-Whpwhnt[-b-Xzhpw {]Jym-]n-®psIm≠p≈ "i¬ aqkm' hmbn-®p. ""hnip≤ aZv_-lm-bp-tS-bpw, ]cn-ip≤ ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bp-tS-bpw, sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømam-cp-tS-bpw,sshZnI KW-ß-fp-sSbpw, _lp-P-\-ß-fp-sSbpw ap≥]msIRm≥ Cu hnizmkw {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p''- F∂v dºm-®≥ Dd-s°-∏-dvi¬aq-k-bn¬ H∏p-h®v ]. _mhmsb G¬∏n-®p. hnip≤ aZv_-lm-bn¬\S-°p∂ Hmtcm I¿Ωhpw P\-߃ BÀm-Z, `‡n-k-Ωn-{i-amb hnIm-cß-tfmsS{i≤n®p \n∂p. Ing-s°-X-e-bv°¬ tXmΩm IØ-\mcpw k∂nln-X-\m-bn-cp-∂p.KoX-߃ G‰p sNm√n-bpw, {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ \S-ØnbpwA®≥ ip{iq-j-bn¬ ]p-sIm-≠p.]´m-`n-tjI {]Jym-]-\-am-bn-cp∂p c≠mw L´ ip{iq-j-I-fnse G‰hpw{]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂Xpw hnip-≤m-fl-i‡n ]I-cp-∂-Xp-amb I¿Ωw.ÿm\m¿∞n, apJyIm¿Ωn-I-\mb ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpsS ap∂n¬ ap´p-Ip-Øn-b-t∏mƒ ta¬∏-´-°m¿ dºm-®s\ Im∏- sIm≠v ad®p-]n-Sn®v Xebn¬\n∂v akv\]vkm \o°n. _mhm hnip≤ Ip¿∫m-\-bn¬ ssIIƒBh-kn®v hnip-≤-mfl-i‡n ]I¿∂p. ]cn-ip-≤m-fl-Zm\-Øns‚ CuAXpey \nan-j-Øn¬ ]cp-ae skan-\m-cn-bnse henb aWn a{¥-a-[p-cambnapg-ßn. adp_-l-km-Iƒ Inep-ßn. P\-߃ `‡n \n¿`-c-ambn "Ipdntb-em-bn-tkm≥'F∂v AXyp-®-Øn¬ sNm√n-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. ta¬∏-´-°m¿ÿm\m¿∞n-bpsS Xe-bn¬ ssIh®p {]m¿ ∞n®p. XpS¿∂v ]. ImtXmen°m_mhm ÿm\m¿∞n-bpsS inc- n¬ ssIh-®p-sIm≠v ""A\p-{Kln-°-s∏´CS-h-I-bmb ]uckvXy ae-c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bv°mbn

74 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv]nXm-hn-s‚-bpw, ]p{X-s‚-bpw, ]cn-ip≤-dq-lm-bp-tSbpw \ma-Øn¬ \nXy-Po-h-\mbn F∏n-kvtIm∏m ]´w sI´-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p'' F∂v D®-Øn¬DZvtLm-jn-®p-sIm≠v s\‰n-bn¬ aq∂p {]mhiyw dqivam sNbvX-\p-{K-ln®p.am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv F∂ ÿm\ \maw ]. _mhm {]Jym-]n-®p. XpS¿∂vta¬∏´ÿm\-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb ioe-ap-Sn, ]{X-ko≥, Im∏, Ipcn-ip-am-e,kvfo_m XpS-ßnbh [-cn-∏n®v, Xncp-ta-\nsb ]Sn-m-tdm´v A`n-ap-J-ambnknwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Ccp-Øn.knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ P\-߃°v A`n-ap-J-ambn ssIbn¬ kz¿Ækvfo_m hln-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\nsb P\-k-©-b-Øn\vI≠n-´pw, I≠n-´pw aXn-h-cp-∂n-√. ]pØ≥Imhn¬ \n∂p h∂n-cp∂ Nnehr≤-P-\-߃ X¬k-abw B\-µm-{ip-°ƒ s]mgn-®p-sIm≠v kt¥m-jm-[n-Iy-Øm¬ tXßn-°-c-p. h¿j-߃°p apºv P\-\-ka-bØv acn-®pt]mbnF∂p IcpXnb Ipv hf¿∂p hep-Xmbn ae-ck`-bnse hnth-I-ap≈ B´n≥]-‰sØ ta®p-`-cn-t°≠ alm-]p-tcm-ln-Xs‚ ]Z-hn-bn¬FØn-t®¿∂n-cn-°p∂ al-\ob ImgvN I≠ ]nXmhv tXmΩm IØ-\mcpsS\b-\-ßfpw \ndp Ihn-p.ASp-Ø-Xmbn "HmIvkn-tbmkv' hnfn-bmWv \S-∂-Xv. Xncp-ta-\nsbknwlm-k-\-Øn-en-cpØn aq∂p {]mhiyw Db¿Øn-b-t∏mƒ …o_mDb¿Øn Xncp-ta\n P\-ßsf hmgvØn. "Cu ÿm\-Øn-\n-t±lw tbmKy≥'F∂p {]Jym-]n-°p∂ "HmIvkn-tbmkv' _mhm Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ D®-Øn¬ sNm√p-Ibpw a‰p sshZn-Icpw, P\-ß-fpw AXyp-®-Øn¬ G‰p]mSnAXv AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. XpS¿∂v "Rm≥ \√ CS-b-\m-Ip∂p.\√ CS-b≥ BSp-Iƒ°p- th≠n Xs‚ Pohs\ \¬Ip-∂p....'' F∂p XpSßp∂thZ-`mKw Db¿Øn∏nSn® knwlm-k-\-Øn-en-cp-∂p- sIm≠v sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n hmbn-®p. am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS a{¥\mZw]cp-ae∏≈n-bpsS Npa-cp-I-fn¬ X´n {]Xn-[z-\n-®p.F√m-h-cp-sSbpw kΩ-X-hpw, k`-bpsS A[n-Im-chpw ssItb¬°p-∂-Xns‚ {]Xo-I-ambn hnti-j-_p-≤n-bp≈ B´n≥Iq-´sØ \oXn ]mX-bnte°p\bn-°p∂Xn\p th≠n ""I¿Ømhv skln-tbm-\n¬ \n∂vAtßbv°v _e-ap≈ sNtm¬ Ab-bv°p-Ibpw Aßv i{Xp-°-fpsSta¬ A[n-Imcw \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøpw'' F∂ {]m¿∞-\-tbmsS ]. ImtXmen°m_mhm At∏m-kvtXm-en-Im-[n-Im-c-Øns‚ Awi-hSn \¬In. XpS¿∂vKpW-tZm-j-ß-f-S-ßnb cl-tkym-]-tZiw _mhm \¬In-s°m-≠n-cp-∂t∏mƒDb¿∂ aWn-\m-Z-hpw, Cº-am¿∂ {]m¿∞\m- Km-\-ßfpw A¥-co-£sØ `‡nkm{µ-am-°n. ]n∂oSv ]. ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpw, sa{Xmt∏m-eo-Ø-mamcpw,\hm-`n-jn-‡-\mb sa{Xm\v kam-[m\ Npw_\w \¬In.F√m-hn[ ÿm\-am\ Nn”-ßfpw AWnv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n AwihSnDb¿Øn Ipcn-im-Ir-Xn-bn¬ P\-ßsf hmgvØn A\p-{K-ln-®-tXmsS

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 75A©p aWn-°q¿ \o≠p \n∂- sa-{Xm-`n-tjI ip{iq-jbv°p Xnc-»oehoWp. ]n∂oSv sIm®p Xncp-ta\n hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bpsS tijw `mKw ]q¿Ønbm-°n.hn. Ip¿∫m-\m\-¥cw ]cp-a-e -]-cn-ip-≤s‚ I_-dn-S-Øn¬ sIm®p-Xncp-ta\n[q]-{]m¿∞\ \S-Øn. Hcp sNdp {]kw-Khpw sNbvXp. Xncp-ta-\nbpsS …o_m apØn-bmWv P\-߃ ]ncn-p-t]m-b-Xv. sshZn-I-cpsSIq´-Øn¬ \n∂v ]nXmhv tXmΩm IØ-\m-cmWv BZyw h∂v ssIap-Ønb-Xv.kt¥m-j-tam, A`n-am-\-tam, hm’-eytam F¥m-bn-cp∂p B ]nXmhns‚D≈n¬. aIs‚ apºn¬ Xeh-Wßn ssIapØp-tºmƒ ÿmbnbmbnD≠m-bn-cp∂ tNtXm-hn-Imcw F∂v Xo¿Øp-]-d-bm≥ hø!Xpº-a¨ `{Zm-k-\m-[n-]-\m-bn-´mWv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Npa-X-e-tb-‰-Xv. Imcy-amb s]mXp-ÿm-]-\-ß-tfm, Ac-a-\-sbm, kz¥w Hm^otkmC√m-Xn-cp∂ Xpº-a¨ `{Zm-k-\sØ ASn-ap-X¬ sXm´v sI´n-∏-Sp-°p-hm≥Xøm-dmbn D¬∏-Xn-jvWp-hmb B bph {][m-\m-Nm-cy≥ I¿Ω-cw-K-tØ-°n-d-ßn.

76 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv14A∂sØ Xpºa¨`{Zmk\w]t{Xmkv XrXob≥ ]m{Xnb¿°okv 1876 ˛¬ aecsb Ggp `{Zmk\ßfm°n. AXn¬s]´XmWv Xpºa¨. am¿tØmΩm «olmbm¬ÿm]nXamb \nebv°¬ AYhm Nmb¬ ]≈n Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\mXn¿Øn°p≈nembncp∂p. Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\w cq]h¬°cn°ptºmƒA∂v 21 ]≈nItf D≠mbncp∂p≈q. `{Zmk\m[n]\v Bÿm\tam a‰pkuIcyßtfm D≠mbncp∂n√. `{Zmk\Øns‚ {]Ya sa{Xm t∏meoØmtIm\m´v Koh¿Kokv am¿ bqentbmkv Bbncp∂p. `cWImew 1876 apX¬1884 hsc. 1884 ˛¬ At±lw P∑\mSmb ]mºm°pS sh®v Imew sNbvXp.AhnsS I_dS°s∏´p. ]mºm°pS henb]≈n∏dºnse Hcp {]tXyIsI´nSØn¬ I_dnSw ImWmw. Ct±lØn\v Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\w icn°v`cn°m≥ Ignns√∂mWv Ncn{XImc≥am¿ ]dbp∂Xv. ]m{Xnb¿°okv_mhm kz¥ CjvS {]ImcamWv sa{Xm∑msc hmgn®Xv. P\kΩXwt\m°nbmbncp∂n√ XncsSp∏v. CXns‚ ^eambn Nne CShI°m¿Ahsc `cn°m\m°nb sa{Xmt∏meoØmsb AwKoIcn®n√. sIm®nCShIbpsS iahq≥ am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkn\pw Xpºa¨ CShIbpsSKoh¿Kokv am¿ bqentbmkn\pw `cn°m≥ km[n®n√s{X. AXn\p ap≥]v]pen t°m´n¬ tPmk^v am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv aec sa{Xmt∏meoØmbmbn `cWw \SØn hcnIbmbncp∂p. At±lØns‚ hºn® A[nImcwC√mbva sNøp∂Xn\mWv ]t{Xmkv ]m{Xnb¿°okv aecsb Ggp`{Zmk\ßfmbn `mKn®v Ggv sa{Xm≥amsc B°nbXv. sIm®n`{Zmk\m[n]\mbncp∂ iahq≥ am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv, Xs∂ CShI°m¿hIsh°p∂ns√∂pw a‰pw ImWn®v ]t{Xmkv ]m{Xnb¿ °okn\v Ab®]cmXn°ØpIƒ Ncn{X tcJbmbn \ΩpsS ap≥]n¬ D≠v.kapZmb sshZnI {SÃnbmbncp∂ tIm\m´v amØ≥ a¬∏m≥ h´n∏Wt°kn¬ samgnsImSpØXn¬ Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\Øns‚ {]Yasa{Xmt∏meoØmbmb tIm\m´v Koh¿Kokv am¿ bpentbmkns\ °pdn®v]cma¿in°p∂p≠v.1092 Ipw`w 19 \v \mep apX¬ Bdp hsc {]Xn`mKw c≠mw km£nbmbn tIm\m´v amØ≥ a¬∏m≥ Cßs\ samgn sImSpØXmbn ImWp∂p(h´n∏Wt°kv samgn, t]Pv 82):""...... Xpºa¨ CShIbv°p \nban°s∏´ bqentbmkv Fs‚ A∏s‚A\pP\mWv. F√m sa{Xmt∏meoØ∑mcpw AhchcpsS CShIIƒ

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 77`cn®ph∂Xp t\cn´dnbmw......''Ipw`w 25˛mw XobXn hymgmgvNbnse samgn (t]Pv 102): ""am¿ bqentbmkv Xpºa¨ CShI `cn®ncp∂p. Xpºa¨ sa{Xmk\ FShIbmWvam¿ bqentbmkv `cn®ncp∂Xv. At±lØns‚ `cWImeØv siΩmi\mbncp∂Xv Rm\mWv. At\Iw ]≈nIfn¬ \n∂v At±lØn\v ssIapØp sImSpØn´p≠v. ]´w sImSpØn´p≠v. ]≈nIƒ°p Iev]\ Ab®n´p≠v. At±lw ]≈nIfn¬ k©cn °ptºmƒ Rm≥ IqsS D≠mbncp∂p. Fs∂°qSmsX At±lw t]mbn´pt≠m F∂v kwibamWv. 1059˛¬BWv bqentbmkv acn®Xpw. A∂phsc At±lw `cn®p.''1092 ao\w 15 _p[\mgvNsØ t{Imkn¬ At±lw Cßns\ samgnsImSpØp (t]Pv 173): ""Fs‚ ImcWh¿ am¿ bqentbmkp ]mºm°pS]≈nbn¬ h®mWv acn®Xv.''tNmZyw: `cWw C√msX ]mºm°pS]≈nbn¬ Xmakn°ptºmgt√acn®Xv? DØcw: ]mºm°pS ]≈nbn¬ Xmakn°ptºmgmWv acn®Xv.F∂m¬ `cWw C√msX h∂p Xmakn°ptºmf√. At±lw ]≈nIfn¬ k©cn®p hn{iaØn\mbn ]mºm°pS h∂p Xmakn°p tºmfmWpacn®Xv. At±lØns‚ dn°m¿´pIƒ Xmakn®ncp∂ ]mºm°pS]≈nbnembncp∂p. Xpºa¨ CShI `cn®ncp∂Xmbn dn°m¿´pIƒD≠mbncp∂p. Ct∏mƒ ImWpIbns√∂mWv tXm∂p ∂Xv. ImWptamC√tbm F∂p \n›ban√. t\m°nbmte Adnbq.''tNmZyw: Xpºa¨ CShIbv°p `{Zmk\mÿm\w Dt≠m? DØcw:Aßs\ {]tXyIw Hcp ÿean√.h´n∏Wt°kn¬ sIm®ncmPysØ t]meokv kq{]≠pw Iam≥ ≠nwKvHm^okdpambncp∂ Fw. F. Nmt°m hmZn `mKw A©mw km£nbmbn1092 CShw 27 ˛\p t{Imkn¬ t_m[n∏n® samgn (t]Pv 231):""]t{Xmkv ]m{Xnb¿°okv P\lnXØn\p hntcm[ambn´mWv GgvCShI D≠m°nbXv. P\߃ ]m{Xnb¿°okp hmgn® c≠p sa{Xm≥amsc `cn°m≥ kΩXn®n√ F∂p≈Xn¬ \n∂v F\n°p≈ A\pam\wBWv. inatbm≥ Zoh∂mtkymkv acn®n´v Ccp]Xv, Ccp]Ø©vsIm√ambn. sa{Xmt∏meoØmbmbn´v A©p]Øp h¿jw Pohn®ncp∂ncn°Ww. At±lw hfsc \mƒ sIm®n Cchoi∏≈nbn¬ BWvXmakn®ncp∂Xv. sIm®n CShI°mcyØn¬ At±lsØ Hcp ]≈n°mcpw hIsh®p Imcy߃°v G¿s∏SpØnbncp∂n√. am¿ tPmk^vZoh∂mtkymkp aqeamWv Imcy߃ \SØn®p h∂Xv. AXpsIm≠vAt±lw `cn®ns√∂dnbmw. Cchoi∏≈n F∂p ]dXp sIm®nsa{Xmk\ CShIbn¬ Dƒs∏´XmWv. sska¨ Zoh∂mtkymkpPohn®ncp∂ ImeØp Rm≥ FdWmIpfØpw, Aøºn≈nbnepw

78 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvXmakn®ncp∂p. A°meØp Rm≥ ]Tn®p \S°p Ibmbncp∂p. Rm≥Aøºn≈nbnepw, FdWmIpfØpw ]Tn®p. AXn¬∏ns∂ a{Zmkn¬t]mbn. 1889 ˛¬ BWv t]mbXv F∂p tXm∂p∂p. A∂v At±lwPohn®ncn∏pt≠m F∂v Hm¿Ωbn√. tPmk∏p Zoh∂mtkymkp sIm®nCShI `cn®n´p≈Xnte°p Rm≥ Iev]\ I≠n´p≠mbncn°WwF∂mWv Fs‚ Hm¿Ω. inatbm≥ Zoh∂mtkymkns\ P\߃kzoIcn®n√ F∂p≈Xn\p tcJ H∂pw I≠n´ns√∂mWv tXm∂p∂Xv.tPmk∏p Zoh∂mtkymkv Hcn°¬ sska¨ Zoh∂mtkymkns\bpwIq´ns°m≠v dmbn¬ h∂v AhnsSbp≈ P\ßsf hnfn®pIq´n CXp\nßfpsS sa{Xmt∏meoØm bmWv kzoIcn°Wsa∂p ]dp.F√mhcpw XyPn®p. At∏mƒ Rm\pw IqsS D≠mbncp∂p. A∂v F\n°v]Øp ]{¥≠p hb p ≠mbncp∂p F∂p tXm∂p∂p. A∂p Rm≥Aøºn≈n kvIqfn¬ ]Tn°pIbmbncp∂p. B kvIqfn¬ ¢mkn√mbncp∂p. A©mdp sIm√w XpS¿∂p Hcp hm≤ymscs°m≠p ]Tn∏n®XmWv. ]ns∂ FdWmIpfØp t]mbt∏mƒ Ãm≥t≠¿Uv D≠mbn. ]ns∂Hcp sa{Xmt∏meoØm, bqentbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØbmWv. Xpºa¨FShIbnse BsW∂mWv tI´ncn°p∂Xv.....''Npcp°Øn¬ tIm\m´v Koh¿Kokv am¿ bqentbmkv Xpºa¨`{Zmk\w Imcyambn `cn®n´ns√∂mWv tXm∂p∂Xv. IjvSn®v F´psIm√sØ `cWØn\p tijw At±lw \ncymX\mbt∏mƒ `{Zmk\Øns‚ `cWw ]cpae am¿ {KntKmdntbmkn\v e`n®p. \ncWw `{Zmk\Øn\p ]pdsa At±lsØ G¬∏n®Xmbncp∂p Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\w.aec H´p°v Imcymt\zjWØn\v ]pent°m´n¬ tPmk^v am¿Zoh∂mtkymkv Ab®ncp∂Xv ]cpaeØncpta\nsbbmbncp∂p.AXpsIm≠v Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\w `cn°m≥ At±lØn\pw th≠{Xkabw In´nbncp∂ns√∂v thWw ]dbm≥. F∂mepw Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\Imcyßfn¬ {i≤n®ncp∂p. Xpºa¨ Cw•ojv anUn¬ kvIqƒAt±lØns‚ D’mlØm¬ D≠mbn´p≈XmWv. P\ßfpsS B≤ymflnI Db¿®bv°pw, t£aØn\pambn ]cpaeØncpta\n ITn\ ambn{]bXv\n®p. A°meØv \hoIcW°mcpsS kzm[o\w aqew CShIbn¬Ipg∏߃ hcmsX Xncpta\n Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\sØ ImØpkq£n®p.]pdPmXn°msc k`bn¬ tN¿°phm≥ ]cn{ian®ncp∂p. Ah¿°vtZhmeb߃ \n¿Ωn®p sImSp°m\pw {i≤n®p. sNß∂qcn\p kao]ap≈ "ImfnIp∂v' ]≈n Xncpta\nbpsS {]bXv\ ^eas{X.1884 apX¬ 1902 hscbmbncp∂p ]cpae Xncpta\nbpsS Xpºa¨`{Zmk\`cWImew. At±lØns‚ Imetijw ]pent°m´n¬ Xncpta\naec sa{Xmt∏meoØm F∂ \nebn¬ Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\ `cWwGs‰SpØp. At±lw \ncymX\mbt∏mƒ 1909 ˛¬ `{Zmk\ `cWw

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 79]n≥Kmanbmb h´t»cn¬ am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv ssItb‰p. A[nIwXmaknbmsX A_vZp≈m ]m{Xnb¿°okv aecbn¬ h∂p Ipg∏ßsf√mw krjvSn°pIbpw, h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\nsb apS°p IbpwsNbvXp. B kabw Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\w H‰s°´mbn h´t»cn¬Xncpta\nbpsS ]pdIn¬ Dd®p\n∂p. XpS¿∂v A_vZp¬ ainlm ]m{Xnb¿°okv _mhm aec kµ¿in®p. kn. sP. Ipcy\pw a‰pw kzm[o\wsNepØn ]m{Xnb¿°okns\ tIm´bw Unhnj\n¬ Ib‰msX t\m°nbt∏mƒ At±lsØ Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\w lrZbwKaambn kzmKXwsNbvXp. sNß∂q¿ ]≈nbn¬ h®mbncp∂p A_vZ¬ ainlm]m{Xnb¿°okv I≠\m´v Itcm´pho´n¬ bqbm°nw dºm s\bpw,hmIØm\Øv Koh¿Kokv dºms\bpw ta¬∏´°mcmbn hmgn®Xv. CXn¬bqbm°nw am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkns\ Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\Øn¬ \nban®p.1925 ˛¬ Ct±lw Imew sNbvXp ]cpae I_dSßn. XpS¿∂v `{Zmk\`cWw I√mt»cn¬ am¿ {KntKmdntbmkv (]n∂oSv aq∂mw ImtXmen°m)Gs‰SpØp. At±lw 1929˛¬ ImtXmen°m Bbt∏mƒ `{Zmk\`cWØn\v as‰mcp sa{Xmt∏meo Ømsb G¬∏n°m≥ \n›bn®p.At∏mgmWv 1930 ˛¬ ]pØ≥Imhv Koh¿Kokv am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkvA`njn‡\mIp∂Xv. XpS¿∂v sIm®pXncpta\n 33˛mw hb n¬`{Zmk\`cWw Gs‰SpØp. Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\Øn\v t]cp ]dv {]tXyIambn hmgn°s∏´ BZysØ ta¬∏´°mc\mWv am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv.1930 apX¬ 1951 hsc Ccp]Ønc≠v h¿j°mew At±lw Xpºa¨`{Zmk\w `cn®p.`{Zmk\`cWw ssItb¬°ptºmƒ ap≥]v kqNn∏n®ncp∂Xp t]mseXpºa¨ CShIbv°v s]mXpkzsØ∂p ]dbm≥ Imcyambn H∂pwD≠mbncp∂n√. `{Zmk\m[n]\v Xmakn°m≥ Aca\tbm, Ccp∂p tPmensNøm≥ B^otkm, C√mbncp∂p. sa{Xmt∏meoØmbpsS Pohk‘mcWØn\p th≠ D]m[nIfpw D≠mbncp∂n√. ]m°\m¿ ]dt]msehm Iodnb ssZhw `£Whpw X∂p sIm≈psa∂ Dd∏v am{Xsa D≠mbncp∂p≈q. sa{Xmt∏meoØmbpsS Nnehn\v F∂p ]dv IrXyambnhcpam\am¿§sam∂pw A∂v \nehnen√mbncp∂p. CXv Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\Øns‚ am{Xw {]tXyIX bmbncp∂n√. aeck`bnse H´pan°`{Zmk\ßfpsSbpw KXn CXp Xs∂bmbncp∂p. \nebn√mØ sh≈Øn¬ hoW, \o¥ednbmØ Bsft∏mse h√msX IjvSs∏´mbncp∂pHmtcm ta¬∏´°mc\pw \o¥nØpSn®v Imew Ign®ncp∂Xv. Pohn°m≥am¿§an√msX k` hn´p t]mIm≥ clky BtemN\Iƒ \SØnbhcpsSIYIƒ C∂pw ]ga °mcpsS Hm¿Ωbn¬ ImWpw. C∂p ImWp∂]Wkar≤n A∂v k`bn¬ D≠mbncp∂n√. IgnpIqSm≥ henb{]bmkambncp∂p. {_n´ojpIm¿ C¥y AS°n `cn°p∂ ImeamWv.

80 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvP\ßfpsS t£a Øn¬ kmbn∏n\v henb XmXv]cysam∂pwD≠mbncp∂n√. \m´n¬ Zmcn{Zyhpw, apgp∏´nWnbpw sImSnIpØnhmWp.HmXd Zbdmbn¬ Ct∏mgsØ ImtXmen°m _mhm A®\mbnIgnbptºmƒ ]´nWn InS∂v ]chi\mbXv ]ecpw tI´ncn°pw. AXpwHcp kw`hw am{Xw! Aßns\ F{X, F{X, IZ\IYIƒ!! C∂sØXeapdbv°v AsX√mw ]dm¬ hnizkn°phm≥ {]bmkamImw. C∂ve£ßƒ hne]nSn® ap¥nb ImdpIfn¬ k©cn°p∂sa{Xmt∏meoØmamsc I≠v ]cnNbn® ]pØ≥ Xeapdbv°v Hcp Fw.F. _n. Un. °mc≥ sa{Xm®≥ Su¨ _ n¬ bm{X sNøm≥ shbnepwsIm≠v s]´nbpw Xq°n∏nSn®v tdmUcpIn¬ ImØp\n∂ncp∂p F∂p]dbptºmƒ Fßns\ hnizkn°m≥ Ignbpw kplrtØ? Aßns\ HcpImew D≠mbncp∂p!!Xpºa¨ CShIbpsS H∂masØ sa{Xmt∏meoØmbmbncp∂tIm\m´v Koh¿Kokv am¿ bqentbmkv P∑\mSmb ]mºm°pS Ccp∂mWv`{Zmk\`cWw \SØnbX.v ]cpae Xncpta\n ]cpae skan\mcnbn¬Ccp∂v Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\w `cn®p. aec sa{Xmt∏m eoØmam¿]gbskan\mcnbn¬ Ccp∂mbncp∂p Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\ `cWw.Koh¿Kokv ZznXob≥ _mhm, {KntKmdntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØmbmbncp∂ ImeØp ]et∏mgpw Ip≠d skan\mcnbnencp∂mWv `{Zmk\w `cn®ncp∂Xv. Npcp°Øn¬ Bcpw Xs∂ Xpºa¨`{Zmk\Øns‚ \meXncpIƒ°p≈n¬ hkn®psIm≠v `cn®n√. B Ipdhv\nIØphm\mWv sIm®pXncpta\n BZyw {ian®Xv. sa{Xm≥ ]´w In´nbBZy \mfpIfn¬ Ipd®p Znhkw ]pØ≥Imhv ]≈nbn¬Xmakn®psIm≠v `{Zmk\ ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW ]≤XnIsf°pdn®v KmVambnNn¥n®p. AXns‚ km£mXv°mcamWv C∂p \mw ImWp∂ "Xpºa¨`{Zmk\w.'ap≥]v kqNn∏n® iahq≥ am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkns‚ sIm®nCShIbv°pw ]gbImeØv Bÿm\sa∂v ]dbmhp∂ bmsXmcpÿehpw D≠mbncp∂n√. 1946 BKÃv \men\mbncp∂p ]m{Xnb¿ °okv`mKsØ sIm®n CShIbv°p th≠n s]ueqkv am¿ tkthdn tbmkns\hmgn®pt]mIcpsX∂pw \m´n¬ h∂m¬ Xmakn°m≥ CSan √msX \´wXncnv HSphn¬ hr£®ph´n¬ Igntb≠nhcpsa∂pw aecbn¬ \n∂pNne Ip_p≤nIƒ At{]w {]Ya\v FgpXn Ab®p. AXns‚ ^eambn]´m`ntjIw Igntijw At{]w ]m{Xnb¿ °okv \hm`n jn‡\mbtkthdntbmknt\mSv tNmZn®p.""tkthdntbmsk, aebmfØp sN∂m¬ \n\°v Hcp Ccn∏nSwFhnsS?'' "AXn\p \mw \¬Inb Bim]q¿hamb adp]Sn {i≤n®n´v ""ASn]XdmsX ss[cyktaXw ]cn{ian°pI'' F∂p Iev]n®cpfpIbpw

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 81sNbvXp (1958 G{]n¬ 17 ˛\p sImc´n kotbm≥ skan\mcnbpsSDZvLmS\tbmKØn¬ sIm®n `{Zmk\m[n]Xn ]ueqkv am¿ tkthdntbmkv \SØnb kzmKX{]kwKØn¬ \n∂v).am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\Øn\v Aca\ ]WnX t]msehfsc IjvS∏mSpIƒ kln®mWv s]ueqkv am¿ tkth dntbmkvsImc´nbn¬ sIm®n `{Zmk\Øn\v Aca\ \n¿Ωn®Xv.sIm√w `{Zmk\Øns‚ KXnbpw hyXykvXambncp∂n√. Ct∏m gsØImtXmen°m _mhm, amXyqkv am¿ Iqdntemkv sIm√w `{Zmk\w`cn°m≥ XpSßnbt∏mgmWv sIm√w ]´WØn¬ Ac a\bpw, sa{Xmk\B^okpw, Aca\®m∏epw a‰pw D≠mbXv. AXn\p ap≥]v sIm√w`{Zmk\w `cn®ncp∂ AeIvkntbmkv am¿ tXthmtZmtkymkv s]cp\mSvaeapIfnep≈ _Y\n B{iaØnen cp∂mWv `cn®Xv.sa{Xmt∏meoØmsb I≠v h√ Imcyhpw AdnbW san¬CShIP\ßfpw, sshZnIcpw, B ap≠≥aebpsS a≠bn¬ FØWw.B aeapIfnte°p Ibdn∏‰m\p≈ {]bmkw AhnsS Hcp XhWt]mbh¿°p am{Xta a\ nem°m≥ IgnbpIbp≈q. AhnsS Ccp∂p`{Zmk\w `cn®m¬ Fßns\bncn°psa∂p Duln°mhp∂tX bp≈q.Bdp Im¬ ]≈nIfmWv sIm√w `{Zmk\Øn¬ B ImeØvD≠mbncp∂sX∂v k`mNcn{X ]pkvXIßfn¬ ImWmw! AXn¬AZv`pXs∏Sm\pan√t√m. B \ne amdnbXpw amXyqkv am¿ Iqdntemkv`cWw Gs‰SpØt∏mgmWv.I≠\mSn\p aqhm‰p]pg SuWn¬ `{Zmk\Ønt‚sX∂p ]dbm≥Ipd®p ÿew I≠\mSv `{Zmk\Øns‚ {]Ya sa{Xmt∏meoØmbmbam¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv Xncpta\n (]n∂oSv H∂mw ImtXmen°m _mhm)kºmZn®n´ncp∂p. HutK≥ am¿ XotamØntbmkv (\memw ImtXm en°m_mhm) AhnsS D≠mbncp∂ IpSnep t]msebp≈ sIm®p ho´n¬Xmakn®mWv `{Zmk\`cWw \SØnbncp∂Xv. At±lw ImtXmen°mBIp∂Xns‚ Ipd®p sIm√w ap≥]p am{XamWv aqhm‰p]pg Aca\ H∂mw\ne ]Wnbm≥ CSbmbXv.Aamen `{Zmk\Øn\v Xr°p∂Øp skan\mcn Bephmbn¬D≠mbncp∂Xp sIm≠v B `{Zmk\w `cn® sa{Xmt∏meoØmam¿°vBÿm\ aµncw C√mØXns‚ IjvS∏mSv A\p`hnt°≠n h∂n√.\ncWw `{Zmk\Øn\v ]cpae skan\mcnbpw, tIm´bw `{Zmk\Øn\v]gb skan\mcnbpw, ]mºmSn Zbdmbpw D≠mbncp∂Xv klmbIcambn.

82 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv15Gen-bmkvXrXo-bs‚ Zpc-¥hpw,sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsSkµ¿i-\hpw]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n hmgn-°-s∏´v \mep- amkw Ign--t∏mgmWvAt¥ymIym ]m{Xn-b¿°okv am¿ Gen-bmkv XrXo-bs‚ ae-ckµ¿i-\w. 1106 Ipw`w 21 \v (1931 am¿®v amkw 5) hymgmgvN; A∂v C¥ybpsS`mK-am-bn-cp∂ Idm®n Xpd-ap-JØv ]m{Xn-b¿°okv h∂p tN¿∂p.IqsS ¢oΩnkv Fs∂mcp sa{Xm≥, c≠p dºm∑m¿, Hcp ssd´¿, HcpAwK-c-£-I≥ F∂n-h¿ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \yqU¬ln-bn¬ sN∂vssht{kmbn C¿hn≥ {]`p-hp-ambn k`m-k-am-[m-\-sØ-°p-dn®v N¿®sNbvX tijw ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 1106 taSw 15 \v (1931 G{]n¬ 28) sNm∆mgv®Bep-h-bn¬ FØn Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-®p. ]n∂oSvh´t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bp-ambn k`m-k-am-[m-\-sØ-°p-dn®v N¿® \S-∂p.1931 am¿®v 20 (1106 ao\w 8) Gen-bmkv XrXo-b\pw, h´-t»-cn¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkpw XΩn¬ AhnsS h®v IqSn-°m-gvN \S-Øn. am¿®v 27˛\papS°pXo¿Ø ktµ-ihpw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®p.Imcy-߃ Aßs\ `wKn-bmbn \S-°p∂p F∂v ]pd-ta°p tXm∂nsb-nepw]m{Xn-b¿°okv `mKw h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Agn-bmØapS-°-n\v AWn-b-d-bn¬ ]Wn-sb-SpØpsIm≠n-cp-∂p. ae-csb kw_-‘n®p ]m{Xn-b¿°okv F¥p sNbvXmepw AXv Cu temI-Øn¬ A√,]c-tem-I-Øn¬ t]mepw F∂pw, Ft∂°pw {]m_-ey-Øn¬ Ccn°pwF∂p `mhn-®mWv Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\ A_vZ≈m ]m{Xn-b¿°okv apS-°p-hm-\mbn Hcp tcJ 1086 CS-h-Øn¬ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®-Xv. AsX-gp-XnbIS-emkp Iodn-bm¬ Dan-°cn FSp-°p-∂-Xn\p ]‰n-°m-sa-∂-√msX as‰m-∂n\pw sIm≈p-I-bn-s√∂p h∂p. 1095 Nnß-Øn¬ h´n-∏-W-t°-kn¬ Pn.i-c-∏n≈ Fgp-Xnb hn[nbn≥ta-ep-≠mb A∏o-en¬ B hn[nsb hoccm-LhAø-m¿ 98 ao\-Øn¬ Aÿn-c-s∏-SpØn Fnepw, B Aÿnc-s∏-Sp-Ø-en-s\-Xnsc1103 I¿°n-S-I-Øn¬ Nm‰v^o¬Uv Dƒs∏´^pƒ_©v Xo¿® sNbvXp. AXp-I-gn--t∏m-gmWv ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ae--c-bpsS ssZhw As√∂v B ÿm\n°pw, Cf-°n-hn-´-h¿°pw t_m≤yam-b-Xv.A_vZ≈m IÆpw-]q´n apS-°n-bXv A_-≤-am-bn-t∏mbn, Hcp

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 83hnNmcW \SØn F∂p hcp-ØpI Fnepw sNtø-≠-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂vi-c-∏n≈-bpsS hn[n ÿnc-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v Nm‰v^o¬Uv Dƒs∏´^pƒ_©v 1103 I¿°n-S-I-Øn¬ Fgp-Xnb hn[n-bpsS ^ew icn°v A\p-`-h-Øn¬ h∂-t∏mƒ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ]£sØ B[p-\nI t\Xm-°∑m¿°v tXm∂n. kn. sP. Ipcys‚ ]nsº h∂-hcpw At±-l-Øns‚"sNcn-∏ns‚ hm¿ Ip\n--gn-∏m≥' tbmKy-X-bn-√m-Ø-hcpw Bb-h¿ HgnbmØapS°v krjvSn-°m≥ GtXm Hcp ]≤-Xn-bpsS cq]tcJ krjvSn-®p. AXn\v a{Zm-knse Hcp A`n-`m-j-Is‚ A\p-{K-lm-in pw hmßn.B ]≤-Xn-bn¬ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\ Ipdp∏w]Sn ]≈n-bn¬ hcpØn HcphnNmcW {]l-k\w \S-ØpI F∂-Xv- Dƒs∏-´n-cp∂p. CX-\p-k-cn®pXΩn¬ I≠v Nne {]tXyI Imcy-߃ kwkm-cn-°m≥ D≈-Xn-\m¬ASpØ Znhkw C{XSw hc-W-sa∂v Gen-bm-kv ]m{Xn-b¿°okv Fgp-Xnb Hcp IØv 1106 anYp\w 15 ˛\p sshIp-t∂cw am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkn\pIn´n. At±lw AX-\p-k-cn®v 16 \v Ipdp-∏w-]-Sn-bn¬ FØn. ]m{Xnb¿°o-kns‚apdn-bn¬ Ib-dn-s®-∂-t∏mƒ anJm-tb¬, AØ-m\m-tkymkv,¢nΩn-kv, bqen-tbmkv F∂o ta¬∏-´-°mcpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p'' (a. \.,hmeyw 4, t]Pv 746-˛747).hnkvX-cn®p apS-°m-\p≈ `mh-am-sW∂p I≠-t∏mƒ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncpta\nAXn\v hgn-s∏-´n-√. Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ t£m`n®v Dds° kwkmcn-®-t∏mƒh´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n im¥-ambn ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn-t\mSp]dp.""kpJ-an-√mØ Bfm-W-s√m. h¿Ø-am\w Zo¿Ln-∏n-®m¬ ˛ Dds°kwkm-cn-®m¬ -˛ kpJ-t°Sv h¿≤n-t®-°pw. AXn-\m¬ kwkmcw \n¿Ønhn{i-an-°-bmWv \√-Xv. F\n°v DS≥ t]mI-Ww.''am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\ A∂-hnsS Xma-kn-∏n®v hnkvX-cn®p F∂phcp-Ø-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p em°v. AXn-te°v Zoh-∂m-tkymkv Ipdp-∏w-]-Sn-bn¬ FØn-b- tijw Zob-kvtIm-tdmkv DS≥ h∂p tNc-W-sa∂v ]m{Xnb¿°okvIºn-b-Sn-®p. tIme-t©-cn-bn¬ \n∂p am¿ Xotam-Øn-tbm-kns\hcp-Øp-∂-Xn\v FgpØpsImSpØp ssk°n-fn¬ Bf-b®p. t\Xm-hmbNmt°m-Ø-c-I≥ HmSn FØ-W-sa∂v AØm-\m-tkymkpw IºnsImSpØp.AXp-sIm-s≠m∂pw bmsXmcp {]tbm-P-\hpw D≠m-bn-√. hnkvX-cn-°m≥ hnk-Ω-Xn® h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n Cd-ßn-t∏m-∂-Xn-\m¬ B ]cn-]mSn s]m´n. CXv ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn\v henb C—m-`w-K-Øn\v CS-bm-°n.Btcm-Ky-ÿn-Xn-sb-°qSn Cu \ncmi _m[n-®p. Hma-√q¿°v kao]w a-\n-°-c-bn¬ Hcp hy‡n-bpsS hI-bmb Hcp sNdnb ]≈n-bn¬ h®v 1107 -Ipw`w H∂n\p (1932 s^{_p-hcn 13) i\n-bmgvN cmhnse lrZ-b-kvXw-`\w aqew ]m{Xn-b¿°okv A¥-cn-®p. IqsS h∂n-cp∂ c≠p dºm∑mcn¬

84 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvHcmƒ ]n∂oSv Ata-cn-°-bn¬ sa{Xm-\mbn t]mb iap-h¬ AØm\mtkym-km-bn-cp-∂p.Ct±-l-Øn-\m-bn-cp∂p ]pcm-X\ Nmhp-I-S¬ ss__nƒNpcp-fp-Iƒ CS-b-_m-e≥am-cn¬ \n∂p In´n-bXv. AXv Ata-cn-°-bn-te°vIS-Øn-s°m≠p t]mbn hn‰v At±-lw ]W-°m-c-\m-bn. Nmhp-I-S¬ss__nƒ Npcp-fp-I-sf-°p-dn®v At±lw Cw•o-jn¬ Hcp {KŸhpw FgpXn.AXn¬ Gen-bmkv XrXo-b-\p-ambn ae--c-bn¬ h∂Xpw ]m{Xn-b¿°okvlm¿´-‰m-°mbn acn® hnh-chpw sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v. ""Atøm, Fs‚ lrZbwthZ-\n-°p-∂p'' F∂v {]mW-th-Z-\-tbmsS \ne-hn-fn-®mWv _mhm Nc-a-a-S--sX∂v {]kvXp-X-{KŸ-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. 1958- ˛se k`m-k-am-[m-\-Øn\p tijw ]ueqkv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kns‚ Iogn¬ (]n-∂oSvt{ijvT ImtXm-en°m) At¥ym-Iy≥ aqhvsa‚ v F∂ {]ÿm\w XpSßn,"AJne ae-c bmt°m-_mb kwbp‡ `{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm' F∂Zo¿L-amb t]cn¬ Ie-l-Øns‚ hnØp-]m-In-b-t∏mƒ At\z-jn®vdnt∏m¿´v sNøm≥ bmt°m_v XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ta¬∏-dkmap-h¬ am¿ AØ-m\m-tkym-kns\bmWv tIc-f-Øn-te°v Ab-®-Xv.a-\n-°c sh®v ]m{Xn-b¿°okv Imew sNbvX hnhcw AdnDSs\ ]Ø-\w-Xn-´-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\nas‰m∂pw Btem-Nn-°msX a-\n-°c FØn. _≤-i-{Xp-hm-bn-cp∂ Hcpk`m-ta-e-≤y-£s‚ arX-tZlw kµ¿in-°m-\mWv Xm≥ t]mIp-∂-sX∂Imcyw Xncp-ta\n X¬°mew ad-∂p. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hn`m-KsØ, Xo≠¬PmXn-°m-tc-°mfpw tæ—-ambn Icp-Xp∂ "BVy≥' amcpsS ]mf-b-Øn-tebv°mWvXm≥ IS∂p sN√p-∂-sX∂ Imcyhpw hnkva-cn-®p. Bcp-tS-bpwA\p-hm-Z-Øn-t\m, kΩ-X-Ønt\m ImØp \n¬°msX bphm-hmb B{][m-\m-Nm-cy≥ a-\n-°-c-bn¬ FØn-b-t∏mƒ XnI®pw timI-]q¿ÆambA¥-co-£-am-bn-cp∂p Ahn-sS. CSn-sh-t´-‰-Xp-t]mse ]m{Xn-b¿°okns‚IqsS h∂-h¿ kvXw`n®p \n∂n-cp-∂p. kq{X-im-en-bmb bqen-tbmkvsa{Xm≥ Xebpw XmgvØn Ccn-∏m-Wv. F¥mWv kw`-hn-®-sX-t∂m, F¥m-Wn\n sNtø-≠-sXt∂m Adn-bm≥ ]mSn-√msX Ah¿ Xo¿Øpw kw{`-a-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. AØm-\m-tkym-kv, anJm-tb¬, Zob-kvtIm-tdm-kv, Xotam-Øn-tbmkv F∂n-h¿ cwKØv FØn-°-gn-n-´n-√. hnhcw F√m-h-tcbpwAdn-bn-®n-´p-s≠∂v ¢nΩnkv sa{Xm≥ ]pØ≥Imhv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkn-t\mSv]dp. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv Imew sNbvXm¬ sNmt√≠ {]m¿∞-\-Ifpw sNtø≠ {Inb-Ifpw \Sp°w sIm≠v \n¿∆-ln-°m≥ hømØAh-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cp∂p Ahn-sS-bp-≈-h¿. am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Hcpt{ijvTm-Nm-cy≥ Znhw-K-X-\m-bm¬ A\p-jvTn-t°≠ I¿Ω-ß-fpw, {]m¿∞-\-Ifpw \S-Øn. Hcp sNdp {]kw-Khpw sNbvXp. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsbXm≥ hnhcw Adn-bn-®n-´p-s≠∂pw At±lw tIm´-b-Øp- \n∂pw ]pd-s∏-´-Xmbn hnhcw In´n-bn-´p-s≠∂pw B_q≥ DSs\ Xs∂ hs∂Øp-sa∂pw

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 85sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n Adn-bn-®p. CXv tI´-tXmsS ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv ]£°mcpsSa\- n¬ Hcp sh≈nSn sh´n. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n h∂m¬ arXtZlwtIm´bw ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-bn-tebv°v sIm≠p-t]mtb-°p-sa∂pAh¿ hniz-kn®p!ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm, ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS arX-tZlwkµ¿in-°m≥ hcp∂p F∂v Adn £Ww a-\n-°-c-bnse At¥ym-Jy≥ ]mf-b-Øn¬ BsI A-em-∏m-bn. Ah¿ [cn-®Xv h´-t»-cn¬ Xncpta\n,`uXn-I-tZlw tIm´-b-tØ°v sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-sa-∂m-bn-cp-∂p. ]tc-X-\mb ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ ÿm\-Nn-”-ß-fmb hne-]n-Sn® kz¿Æ…o_mbpw, Cc-´-∏-Øn-bp≈ apgpkz¿Æ Awi-h-Snbpw, kz¿Æ Imkmbpw,]oem-km-bpw, ]e Ipcn-ip-am-e-I-fpw, cXv\-߃ ]Xn® saU-ep-Ifpw a‰pwh´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n ssI°-em-°p-sa∂v Ah¿ `b-s∏-´p. am¿ Zoh-∂mtkymkvBdm-a≥ icn-bm-bn-´p≈ ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm BsW∂vsslt°m-S-Xn-bpsS A¥nahn[n A\p-k-cn®v Xs‚ A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-߃h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n \S-∏n-em-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ ka-b-am-Wv. h´n-∏-W-Øns‚ 19 sIm√-sØ ]eni GXm\pw Znh-k-߃°p apºv hmßn-bn-cp-∂p. h´n-∏-W-Øns‚ ]eni (16000 cq]) h´-t»-cn¬ hdp-Ko-kns\ sIm≠vsXmSp-hn-°n-s√-∂m-bn-cp∂p kn. sP. Ipcy≥ aoi-]n-cn®p Bt{Im-in-®n-cp-∂-Xv. A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ AXp hniz-kn®v Bizmkw Is≠-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. h´n-∏-W-∏-eni h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n hmßn-s°m≠p t]mIp-∂Xv AØ-m\mtkymkvhyk-\-tØmsS t\m°n-°-≠p. kn. sP. Ipcy\pw, tIm\m´vamØ≥ aev]m\pw A°-cbv°p t]mb-Xn-\m¬ Cu ImgvN Ah¿°pImtW-≠-Xmbn h∂n-√. Pohn-®n-cp∂p Fn¬ AtXmsS lrZ-bw-s]m´nacn-t®s\! kn. sP. Ipcy≥ e£-°-W-°n\p cq] tIkp \S-Øm≥ Hgp-°n-°-f-Xv h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-ÿm\wX´n-sØ-dn-∏n-°m-\m-bn-cp-∂-t√m. Aßs\ ae-c k`-bnse k¿∆m-[n-]-Xn-bmb Zoh-∂m-tkymkp Xncp-ta\n a-\n-°c h∂v ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚arX-tZlw tIm´bw ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-bn¬ sIm≠p-t]mbn AS°w sNø-W-sa∂v B⁄m-]n-®m¬ k¿°mcpw AXv kΩ-Xn-s®∂p hcpw. hne-]n-Sn® kz¿Æ Dcp-∏-Sn-Iƒ apgp-h≥ a√-∏≈n sa{Xm≥ ssIhi-s∏-SpØntIm´bw ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-bnse _Kmkm apdn-bnse Ccp-ºp-]q-´n¬ sIm≠psN∂ph®v aq∂v ]q´n´v ]q´pw! AXns‚ aq∂p Xmt°m-ep-I-fn¬ c≠pXmt°m-ep-Iƒ H∂v Ipcy\pw, as‰m∂v tIm\m´v aev]m\pw In´-W-sa∂p]d-m-bn-cp-∂s√m ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bmbn ÿm\-ta‰ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bp-ambn sIm˛-{S-Ãn-Iƒ BZyta Dc-km≥ XpS-ßn-b-Xv.Fs¥mcp ssZh-\-S-Øn-∏m-WnXp I¿Ømth? B _¿Kmkm apdn-bn¬At¥ym-Iy≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ kz¿Æ-ti-J-chpw sN∂p-s]´v h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n Xmt°mep aq∂pw Xqhm-e-bn¬ sI´n Npa-en-en´v \S-°p∂

86 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvImgvN ImtW≠n hcptam ssZhta? ]m{Xn-b¿°okv `mKsØ {][m-\n-I-fpsS Nn¥ ImSp-I-bdn; Ah¿ \ng-en-s\-t∏mepw `b-s∏-Sm≥ XpSßn!a-\n-°cbnse At¥ym-Jy≥ ]S-b-Wn-bnse ]cn-{`m¥n an\n´ptXmdpw h¿≤n®p h∂p. hntZ-iØp \n∂p h∂ ¢nΩnkv sa{Xm-\pw,dºm∑mcpw, ssd´dpw Xe-]p-Iv Btem-Nn-®p. CXn-\Iw \mS≥ sa{Xm∑m¿ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cmbn a-\n-°c h∂p XpS-ßn.Ahn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ ta¬∏-´-°m-tcmSpw, th≠-s∏-´-h-tcmSpw A\ptim-N\wAdn-bn-®-tijw am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv ]Ø-\w-Xn-´-bn-te°v aSßn.AXn\p tij-amWv h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n FØn-b-Xv. am¿ ]oe-Ivknt\mkvt]mbn-°-gn--tijw Ahn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv`mKsØ sa{Xm∑m¿ IqSn Btem-Nn-°p-Ibpw Ip∂w-Ip-fØp \n∂p h∂ptN¿∂ ]\-bv°¬ amØp hiw ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS kz¿Æ-®-ab-߃Ip∂w-Ip-f-tØbv°v am‰p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]\-bv°¬ amØp AhsIm≠p-h∂p Ip∂w-Ip-fsØ At±-l-Øns‚ hk-Xn-bnse \ne-h-d-bn¬`{Z-ambn kq£n-®p-sh-®p (Rß-fpsS "C¥y≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-: -Ncn-{XhpwkwkvIm-chpw' F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ 887-˛892 t]Pp-I-fn¬ IqSp-X¬hnh-c-߃ ImWmw).ka-tbm-Nn-X-ambn kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw, Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn\pw sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n°v Akm-am\y Ign-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Bkn≤nhn-ti-j-amWv a‰p-≈-h¿ IS∂psN√phm≥ aSn®p \n¬°p∂ cwKtØbv°vIS∂psN√p-hm≥ At±-l-Øn\v t{]cW \¬Ip-∂-Xv. A]-I-S-I-c-amb taJ-e-I-fnte°v At±lw sN∂n-´p-≠v. ]t£ Hcp A]-I-Shpwkv]¿in-®n-√. At±-l-Øns‚ \b-Nm-Xp-cy-Øn\p ap≥]n¬ Hcp \mhpwhne-°m≥ apXn-cm-dn√ F∂-XmWv A\p-`-hw. ae--csb ASn-a-bm°n `cn-°m≥ kIe X{¥-ßfpw ]b‰n t\m°n tXm‰ alm-Nm-cy-\m-bn-cp∂p Genbm-kvXrXo-b≥. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb Iogvs∏-Sp-Øm≥ ]e X{¥ßƒ]b‰n t\m°n. D]-tbm-Kn® Bbp-[-Øns‚ Nndn aSßn ]b‰v \n¿Ønsh-°p-I-bmWv]m{Xn-b¿°okv sNbvX-Xv. \ncm-i-bp-tS-bpw, C—m-`w-K-Øns‚bpwIb-Øn¬ apßn-Øp-Sn-°p-tºm-gmWv ac-Ww D≠m-b-sX∂v Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿ ]d-bp-∂p.Gen-bmkv aq∂m-a\v ae-ck`-tbmSv H´pw kvt\l-tam, Imcp-WytamC√m-bn-cp∂p F∂v At±-l-Øns‚ Iev]\ sXfn-bn-°p-∂p≠v. ae--cbn¬c≠mw ImtXm-en°msb \nc-W-Øp- sh®v hmgn-®p-sh-∂pw, At±lw^mZ¿ ]n. ‰n. Koh¿Ko-kns\ ]ns‰-Zn-hkw \ncWw ]≈n-bn¬ sh®v sa{Xm-\mbn hmgn-®p-sh∂pw ]m{Xn-b¿°okv `mKsØ ae--c-bn-ep≈ ta¬∏-´-°m¿ Gen-bmkv XrXo-bs\ Adn-bn-®n-cp∂p. ae--c-bnse ta¬∏-´-ÿm-\m-`n-tj-I-߃ F√mw Xs‚ ssIsIm≠p thWw \S-Øm≥ F∂p iTn-®n-cp∂ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv hnhcw Adnt∏mƒ tIm]w sIm≠v Ien

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 87Xp≈p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv c≠mw ImtXm-en°m _mhm-tb-bpw,At±-l-Øn¬ \n∂p ]´-ta‰ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kn-s\bpw i‡n-bmb `mjbn¬i]n®psIm≠v Hcp apS°p Iev]\ Ab-®p. Gen-bmkv XrXo-bs‚a\x-ÿnXn icn°p a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ {]kvXpX Iev]\ Hcm-h¿Øn hmbn-°p-∂Xp \∂m-bn-cn°pw. CØcw ISpØ Iev]\ Ab® Bƒ \ncym-X-\m-b-t∏m-gmWv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv arX-tZlw kµ¿in®v {]m¿∞\\S-Øn-b-sX∂v Adn-bp-tºmƒ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ss[cyhpw, Zo¿L-ho-£-W-hpw, lrZb-hn-im-e-Xbpw Gsd-°psd a\- n-em-°phm≥ Ign-bpw.k¿∆-i-IvX\mbn kmcmw-i-k-ºq¿Æ-\m-bn-cn-°p∂ BZy-¥-an-√mØ\nXys‚ Xncp-\m-a-Øn¬ aq∂m-asØ Gen-bmkv BIp∂ At¥m-JybpsS«olm-bv°-SpØ knwlm-k-\-Øns‚ C·m-Øn-tbmkv ]m{Xnb¿°okv(ap-{Z)\º¿ 402\ΩpsS hm’-ey-hm-∑m-cmb _. …o_m HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xmt∏m-eo-Øm-bv°pw,_. ]ueqkv AØ-m\m-tkymkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°pw, _. Koh-dp-Kokv tkth-dn-tbmkp sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bv°pw,_. Gen-bmkv bqen-tbmkp sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°pw IqSn Fgp-Xp-∂Xv.ssZh-amb I¿Øm-hns‚ hmgvhv Ah-cp-sS-taepw Ah-tcm-Sp-tNcp∂ F√mh-cpsStaepw hkn-°p-am-dm-I-s´. AXp ssZh-am-Xm-hmb adn-bm-ans‚ {]m¿∞\-bm¬ Xs∂; AΩo≥.\nß-fpsS kvt\l-Øn\p kam-[m-\sØ \mw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p.{InkvX_vZw 1925 anYp\w 21-˛\p \n߃ Ab® FgpØp \ap°p In´n.sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm A√m-Xn-cn-°p∂ hmI-Øm-\-Øp-Im-c≥ Koh-dp-Kokvdºms\ apS-°-s∏-´-h-cpw, i]n-°-s∏-´-h-cp-amb Ahs‚ CjvS-∑m¿ ImtXmen°mF∂p t]¿ hnfn-®-Xmbpw, ]tc-X-\mb \ΩpsS ap≥Kman A_vZ≈m]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn-\m¬ {]tXyIw i]n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ Koh-dp-Kokp I»oimFw. F. sb Ahs‚ CjvS∑m¿ F∏n-kvtIm∏m F∂p t]¿ hnfn-®-XmbpwAXn¬ \n∂p \ap°p a\- n-embn. apS-°-s∏´ A_vZ¬ aninlm Nph∏pthjw [cn-∏n-®n-´p≈ aq∂p-t]cpw hy¿∞-∑m-cpw, apS-°-s∏-´-hcpw BIp∂p.Fs¥-∂m¬ Hcp-h\p GsX-nepw ÿm\w sImSp-∏m≥ A_vZ¬aninln\p \ΩpsS hnip-≤-k-`-bn¬ dqlm-bv°-SpØ A[n-Imcw Ati-jan-√.Ahs‚ {]hr-Øn-Ifpw Iev]-\-Ifpw Akm-[p-hm-Ip-∂p. acn-®p-t]mbHcm-fn¬ \n∂p bmsXmcp ÿm\hpw ssIs°m-≈p-hm≥ Hcp-h\p \nhr-Øn-√m-Ø-Xp-t]mse Xs∂ knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ \n∂p X≈-s∏-´-Xn\ptijw ]m{Xn-b¿°m-ÿm\Øn¬ \n∂p acn-®-h-\mbn Xo¿∂p-t]mbA_vZ¬ avinln¬ \n∂p bmsXmcp ÿm\hpw {]m]n-°p-hm≥ \nhr-Ønbn-√.apS-°-s∏´ Koh-dp-Ko-kn-s\bpw, dqlm-bv°-SpØ \¬h-c-Øn¬ \n∂pHgn-n-cn-°p∂ A_vZ¬ anin-ln-t\bpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-h¿ k`-bpsS

88 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvDS-en¬ \n∂p th¿s]´p t]mbn-cn-°p∂p F∂p \mw apºp {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≈Xp-t]mse Ct∏mgpw {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p. Ah¿ \ΩpsS hnizm-k-Øn\pFXn-cm-fn-I-fm-Ip-∂p. Cu hnh-c-Øn\p {InkvX_vZw 1924-˛\p (Nnßw 12)\mw Hcp s]mXp-I-ev]\ \n߃°v Ab-®n-´p-≠-s√m. hy¿∞-ÿm\w{]m]n-®-h-cmb ta¬∏-d hmI-Øm-\-Øp-Im-c-\pw, Fw. F. °mc\pwbmsXmcp ÿm\-hpan√. dqlm-bv°-SpØ bmsXmcp hchpw Ah¿°n-√F∂p am{X-a-√, Ah¿°p \ΩpsS k`-bn¬ Hc-h-Im-i-hp-an-√. Cu hnhcwCt∏mƒ \n߃ \√-hÆw a\- n-em°n F∂p \mw hnNm-cn-°p-∂p. A\-¥cw \nß-fpsS kvt\l-tØmSp \mw B⁄m-]n-°p-∂-sX-s¥-∂m¬ Kohdp-KokpwAh-cpsS kJm-°-fpw, Ah-tcmSp tN¿∂n-cn-°p-∂-hcpw ss]im-Nn-I-{]-hr-Øn-I-fn¬ s]cp-am-dp-I-bpw, At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn \n∂p ]m{Xn-b¿°m ÿm\sØ \nµn-°p-I-bpw, X∂n-jvS-{]-Imcw\S-°p-hm\pw ae-bm-fØp ImtXm-en°m ÿm\w ÿnc-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pwB{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cm-Ip-∂p. aqibv°p hntcm-[-ambn Fgp-t∂-‰-hscbpw, tbm\o-kn-s\-bpw, b∂-_m-d-nkn-s\-bpw Hm¿Øp-sImƒhn≥.im]-Øns‚ CuhI {]hrØn sNøp-∂-hcpw A{]-Im-c-ap-≈-h-cm-Ip-∂p.Ft∂°pw \n∂n¬ \n∂v Hcp-h-\pw -^ew ""e`n-°m-Xn-cn-°s´'' F∂p\ΩpsS I¿Ømhv B AØn-hr-£-tØmSp ]d--t∏mƒ AXpDWßnt∏mbn F∂p-≈Xpw Hm¿Øp-sImƒhn≥. ssZh-Øns‚ i‡n-bm¬Aßs\ Xs∂ Ahcpw DW-ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xm-Ip-∂p. Ah-cn¬ \n∂p ^ewD≠m-Ip-I-bn-√. Ah¿ hnip-≤-k-`-bpsS aSn-bn-te°v aSßn hc-Ø-°-hÆwssZhw A\p-Xm-]-Øns‚ Bflmhv Ah¿°p sImSp-Øn-√. Ah-cpsS ]m]-ß-fn¬ \n߃ Aip-≤-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m-\m-bn´p Ah-cn¬ \n∂v AI∂psImƒhn≥. ZpjvS≥am¿°p kam-[m-\-an-s√∂p Zo¿L-Z¿in ]d-n-cn-°p-∂Xp sIm≠p \n߃ Ah¿°v kam-[m\w sImSp-°-cp-Xv. C{km-tb-ens‚ssZhw kIe tZmj-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw \nßsf ImØp klm-bn-°s´.hnhcw s]mXp-hn¬ Adn-bn-°-Ww. A\p-k-c-W-ap-≈-h-cpsS ta¬Ir-]bpwhmgvhpw D≠m-bn-cn-°-s´. AΩo≥.IrkvXm_vZw 1925 ˛ Nnßw 28-˛mw XobXn knwlm-k\ Zb-dm-bn¬\n∂pw.Cu Iev]\ At¥ym-Jy-bpsS A∏-kvtXm-enI knwlm-k-\-Øn¬hmgp∂ aq∂m-asØ Gen-bmkp F∂ tamdm≥ tam¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkv]m{Xn-b¿°okp _mhm Ab®p X∂n-´p≈ Iev]-\-bpsS X¿÷a-bm-Ip∂p.…o_m am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm (H-∏pw, ap{Z-bpw)Gen-bmkv am¿ bqen-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm ,,]ueqkv am¿ AØ-m\m-tkymkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm ,,Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm ,,

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 8916kvIqfp-IƒXncn®p ]nSn-°p-∂ph´t»cn¬ Xncp-ta\n, Gen-bmkv XrXob≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okp _mhmbp-ambnk`m kam-[m\ N¿®Iƒ \S-Øm≥ 1923 PqWn¬ a¿±o-\n-te°pt]mb-t∏mƒ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t]cn-ep≈ k`- hI 64 kvIqfp-I-fpsS amt\-Pvsa‚ v am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv ssI°-em-°nb Imcyw ap≥]v kqNn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-t√m. am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkns‚ t]m°v icn-b-s√∂v tXm∂n-Øp-S-ßnb1929 Ah-km\w kvIqfp-Iƒ Xncn®pXcm≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n Bhiy-s∏-´p.At±lw hgn-s∏-´n-√. 1923 PqWn¬ a¿±o\n-te°v t]mb Xncpta\nBdp- amkw Ignv Xncn-s®-Øn. _p≤n-am-\mb h´-t»-cn¬ Xncpta\nF¥p-sIm≠v a¿±o≥ bm{X Ignv aSßn h∂ DSs\ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kn¬ \n∂p amt\-Pvsa‚ v Xncn®p hmßnbn√? ]e k`m t\Xm-°tfmSpwR߃ Cu tNmZyw tNmZn-®n-´p-≠v. B¿°pw hy‡-amb adp-]-Snbn-√.k`m-N-cn{X {KŸ-ß-fn¬ H∂pw CXns\°pdn®v ]dp ImWp-∂p-an√. ImtXm-en-t°‰v B≥Uv Fw. Un. kvIqfp-I-fpsS tIm¿∏-td‰v amt\-Pvsa‚ v Hm^okv amt\-P-cmbn hf-sc-°mew {]i-kvX-ambn {]h¿Øn®_. ]n. hn. h¿§okv t¢dn A®-t\mSv Cu Imcyw tNmZn-®p. ""\n߃Ct∏mƒ tNmZn-®-t∏m-gmWv Rm≥ C°mcyw Hm¿ØXp Xs∂'' F∂m-bncp∂padp-]-Sn.am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv k` hn´p-t]m-b-tijw, At±-lsØ Gev]n-®ncp∂]e kvIqfp-Ifpw A]vt{KUv sNbvXp hmßn. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØvXma-k-am-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏n¬ kzm[o\w sNepØn]eXpw sNøm≥ Ffp-∏-am-bn-cp-∂p. F¬. ]n. kvIqfp-Iƒ A]vt{KUvsNbvXp hmßp-tºmƒ bp. ]n. hn`m-K-Øn\v thsd t]cmWv sImSp-Øn-cp-∂Xv. AXpt]mse Xs∂ bp. ]n. kvIqƒ, sslkvIqƒ B°p-tºmgpwCßs\ sNbvXn-cp-∂p. ]gb kvIqƒ \n∂n-cp∂ hf-∏n¬ Xs∂-bm-bncp∂p]pXnb kvIqƒ sI´n-S-߃ ]Wn-X-Xv. Xs∂ G¬∏n-®n-cp∂ kvIqfp-I-fpsS sI´n-S-߃ \ho-I-cn®Xn\pw a‰p-ambn 12-000 cq] Nne-hm-bn-´ps≠∂pwB XpI X∂m¬ amt\-Pvsa‚ v Xncn-t®¬∏n-°m-sa∂pamWv am¿Cuhm-\n-tbmkv \ymbw ]dp \n∂Xv. amt\-Pvsa‚ v hn´p-In-´p-hm≥12000 cq]bv°v At±lw hne-t]-inb Imcyw "ae-ck`-bpsS `qX-°-ÆmSn'F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ am{Xta R߃ I≠n-´p-≈p. as‰mcp k`m-N-cn{X{KŸØnepw CXn-s\-∏‰nbp≈ ]cm-a¿iw ImWm-\m-bn-√. ""Ct∏mƒAt±lw tdmΩm-k-`-bn¬ tNcp-∂-Xn\p \n›-bn® hnhcw Adn-p

90 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv(h´t»-cn¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv) ]≈n-°p-S-ß-fpsS amt\-Pvsa‚ v XncnsIIn´p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-s∏´t∏mft√ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns‚ Ir{Xn-a-hpw, h©-\-bpw Ahn-sSbpw {]Xy-£-s∏-´-Xv. amt\-Pvsa‚ v hln® hI-bn¬ 12000cq]m IS-ap≠p t]mepw! AXp XcmsX kvIqfp-Iƒ hn´psImSp-°p-∂-Xn\p\nhr-Øn-bn-s√-∂mbn'' (ae-ck`-bpsS `qX-°-Æm-Sn, 1930, t]Pv 134).1929 Ah-km\w am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv tdmΩm k`-bn-te°v t]mIpsa∂v h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v ]q¿Æt_m≤y-ambt∏mgm-Wv Dd-°-ap-W¿∂vkvIqfp-Iƒ Xncn®pInt´≠ Imcyw Btem-Nn-°p-∂Xv! Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkvk`-bn¬ ]e _p≤n-am≥am¿ B Ime-L-´-Ønepw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n´pw Cuhm-\n-tbmkv sI´pw-sI´n tdmΩm k`-bn-te°v t]mIpw ap≥]vFßns\sbnepw amt\-Pvsa‚ v Xncn®phmßn-°m≥ Ignbm-Xn-cp-∂-Xv HcphogvN Xs∂-bm-Wv.am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kn-t\m-Sp≈ AXn-hm-’-ey-am-bn-cn°mw a¿±o-\n¬\n∂p aSßn h∂n´pw Hcp ]t£ kvIqfp-I-fpsS amt\-Pvsa‚ v Cuhm-\ntbm-kn¬Xs∂ \ne\n¿Øm≥ Imc-Ww. C\n as‰mcp kwibhpw D≠v.h´n-∏-W-t°-kn¬ Xncp-ta\n ]cm-P-b-s∏´ncp∂ Ah-k-c-am-Wt√m AXv.]m{Xn-b¿°okv `mKw, kvIqfp-Iƒ ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂vXm¬°m-enI Hgnhv t\Sm≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n kvIqfp-Iƒ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns‚ t]cn¬ Xs∂ \n¬°s´ F∂p IcpXn ImWptam? 1928Pqsse c≠n-\mWp h´n-∏-W-t°-kn¬ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n A¥nahn[nh∂v hnP-b-{io-em-fn-X-\-m-Ip-∂Xv. At∏mƒ ss[cy-ambn amt\-Pvsa‚ vXncn®p tNmZn-°m-am-bn-cp∂p. ]t£, At∏m-tg°pw am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkvtdmap-ambn ASpØp Ign-n-cp-∂p.amt\-Pvsa‚ v Xncn®p Xcm≥ tNmZn® ]¥o-cm-bncw cq] A°m-eØv`oa-amb XpIbmbn-cp-∂p. F∂mepw a≤y-ÿ-∑m¿ apJm-¥ncw Hcp HØpXo¿∏n\p {ian-°m-am-bn-cp-∂n-t√. AXn-s\-°p-dn®v k`m-N-cn{X {KŸ-ßfn¬Bcpw FgpXn I≠n-´n-√. A∂v HØpXo¿∏v D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-n¬]n∂oSv kvIqfp-Iƒ°v th≠n Zo¿L-\mƒ \S-Ønb hyh-lmcw Hgn-hm-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p. am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv ZpjvS-em-t°msS CXn-\n-S-bn¬ ]eXpwsNbvXpIq´n. Nne kvIqfp-I-fpsS sI´n-S-߃ \in-∏n®v B hnZym-e-b߃AS®v ]q´n Ah-bpsS AwKo-Imcw At±lw \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øn.AtXkabw Xs‚ hcp-Xn-bn-ep≈ I\ymkv{Xo aT-ß-fpsS amt\-Pvsa‚n¬sXm´-SpØp Xs∂ ]pXnb kvIqfp-Iƒ°p AwKo-Im-chpw hmßn. ]eIpX-{¥-߃ kvIqƒ \S-Øn-∏n¬ At±lw ImWn®p. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkvk` ]pXnb kvIqfp-I-fpsS ta¬ Ah-Im-iw ÿm]n °m-Xn-cn-°m-\mWvCØcw hne Ipd the-Iƒ ImWn-®-Xv. AsX√mw At±-lhpw Iq´cpwsNbvXp Iq´p-tºmƒ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`bv°v ^e-{]-Z-ambn XS-bm-t\m,i‡-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-°mt\m Ign-n-√.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 91h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A¥y-Im-eØv kvIqfp-Iƒ Xncn®p]nSn-°m≥ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkns\ \ntbm-Kn-®p. DSs\ Xs∂ ]pØ≥ImhvXncp-ta\n ]q¿Æ Kuch-tØmsS ZuXyw Gs‰-SpØv i‡n-bmbn {]h¿Øn-°m≥ XpS-ßn. ]e XhW At±lw am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kp-ambn kvIqƒImcy-߃ N¿® sNbvXp. H´pw hg-ßn-bn-√. CtX ka-bw -_Y\n ]≈n-I-fpw, hkvXp-°fpw hn´p-In-´p-hm≥ _Y-\n-bn-eqsS AeIvkn-tbmkv am¿tXthm-tZm-tkymkpw {ian-®n-cp-∂p. "am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns‚ hoc-]-cm-{I-a-ß-fn¬ H´pw A{]-[m\ambn-cp-∂n√ _Y\n ÿm]-\-߃°p th≠n\S-Ønb Ncn-{Xw krjvSn® _Y-\n-t°kv. ""B ac-Ø-e-b\v Rm≥ H∂pwsImSp-°p-I-bn-√'' F∂v Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Hcn-°¬ Hcp a≤y-ÿ-t\mSv]dp' (_Y-\n-bpsS ]\nae¿, t]Pv 71).]e XhW kwkm-cn-®n´pw icn-s∏Sp∂n-s√∂v I≠-t∏mƒ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv, am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns‚ C¥y-bnse taem-hmb am¿ ]m∏mbpsSA∏-kvtXm-en°m {]Xn-\n-[n-bp-ambn IØp- ap-tJ\ _‘-s∏-´p.1934 s^{_p-hcn H∂n\p am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Ab® IØv Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p.To,The Apostolic Delegate, Bangalore.Your Excellency,It has been very kind of you to have replied me. But I am sorry I couldnot acknowledge receipt of the same, although I sent a letter to Mar Ivaniosto that effect.Seeing that Mar Ivanios has so flatly denied the truth of what has beenstated in my letter; I am now compelled to present a few facts for yourinformation and impartial decision.Foremost among these, comes the case of 64 Vernacular schools. Abouta dozen years ago, the present metropolitan of malankara transferred themanagement of the above schools to Mar Ivanios. This was just a few monthsbefore he left malabar, to meet the patriach of Antioch. But now that he hasasked for these schools, Mar Ivanios handed over only 24 to him. And 40schools still remain. I might also add that Mar Dionysius came to passessthese schools, by virtue of his office as the metropolitan of Malankara.Further, there is a printing press at Thiruvalla, which has been given tothe “Bethany Ashram’, by a protestant donor. He still says that the pressshould “remain the property of the Ashram and not of Mar Ivaniospersonally.” If your exellency requires further evidence with regard to thesame, I shall supply you in time.

v92 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvMore over the House for the Sisters which the oxford Mission to Calcutta,erected, is still retained by them as their own. I don’t wish to enlarge, byciting what that mission feels with regard to the ownership of this building.Although instances of this sort and more glaring can be cited, I feel itwould be difficult to deal with them sufficiently in this letter. I, there fore,request you to kindly appoint a proper person who would go in to the matterthoroughly and submit a true report to you.Requesting to be excused for the trouble,I remainYours in this holy serviceMar PhiloxenosBishop of Thumpamon DioceseBishops House,PathanamthittaTravancore,Feb. 1. 1934ta¬∏d IØn¬ Xncp-h-√-bn¬ A∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂ Hcp {] n-s\-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂p-≠-t√m. _Y\n {] v am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv ssIhiw sh®ph∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ "_Y-\n- am-knI' AXn¬ \n∂p-amWv A®-Sn®p{]kn-≤-s∏-SpØn h∂-Xv. IqSmsX ]≈n cPn-ÃdpIƒ, cko-Xp-Iƒ apXem-b-hbpwA®-Sn®ncp-∂p. _Y\n B{i-a-Øn-\m-bn-´mWv B {]AXns‚ ap≥ DS-a-ÿ≥ kw`m-h\ sNbvX-Xv. A√msX am¿ Cuhm-\ntbmkn\vkw`m-h-\-bmbn sImSp-Ø-X-√m-bn-cp-∂p. B {] v aS-°n-°n-´m\pw am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv {ian-®p. CXn\pw ]pdsa I¬°´HmIvkvt^m¿Uv anj≥ ]Wn-bn® ktlm-Z-cn-am¿°p≈ `h-\hpw am¿Cuhm-\n-tbmkv ssIbS°n sh®n-cp-∂p. AXns\°pdn®pw ta¬∏-dIØn¬ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.s^{_p-h-cn H∂n\p am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Ab® IØn\v 5˛mw XobXnA∏-kvtXm-en°m sUen-tK‰v adp-]Sn Ab-®p. B adp-]Sn In´n-b-Xn\v]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv G{]n¬ 10- ˛\v Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ IØ-b®p.The Right ReverendMAR PHILOXENOS, MA, BDBISHOPS HOUSEPATHANAMTHITTA. P. O.10th April 1934

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 93Your Excellency,May I humbly remind you of my letter dated Feb. 1 and your replydated Feb. 5, 1934.I hear that His grace Mar Ivanios is taking advantage of the time thusgiven him to change even the very nature of the institutions that he retains.He has already changed the name of the schools that were transferred tohim by our late metropolitan and is devising measures, we hear, to makematters more complex.Excuse me when I repeat that a Deputy or a Commission alone wouldenable you to realise the real situation here. Believe me when I state that weare anxious to put a stop to this business, for we know that it would causereal inconvenience to both parties, if we enter into a Civil Suit.I hope you would take immediate steps, if you care to go into the matterseriously.I remain,Yours Sincerely in Christ,1934 s^{_p-hcn 23- ˛\v (1109 Ipw`w 12-) sh≈n-bmgvN D®°p 12.15 \vh´-t»-cn¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv Imew sNbvXp. ]n∂oSv kp∂-l-tZm pIqSn kvIqfp-Iƒ Xncn®p]nSn-t°≠ Npa-Xe am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xs∂XpS¿∂v t\m°-W-sa∂v \n›-bn-®p. AX-\p-k-cn®v Xncp-ta\n A∏-kvtXmen°msUen-tK-‰p-ambn IØn-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ XpS¿∂p. ta¬ImWn® 1934G{]n¬ ]Ønse IØv h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n \ncym-X-\mb tijw Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-Wv. IØn¬ “late Metropolitan” F∂v kqNn ∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv h´t»-cn¬Xncp-ta-\nsb°pdn-®m-Wv. kvIqfp-Iƒ Xncn-t®¬∏n-°p-∂ns√n¬hyh-lm-c-Øn\v aSn-°p-I-bn-s√∂v G{]n¬ ]Ømw Xob-Xn-bnse IØn¬kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. {]kvXpX IØn\v A∏-kvtXm-en°m sUen-tK-‰ns‚sabv 18 -˛se adp-]Sn Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p.APOSTOLIC DELEGATION OF THE EAST INDIESAPOSTOLIC DELEGATION VILLA,WELLINGTON, NILGIRIS3566/ 34May 18, 1934My Lord,Your courteous reminder of April 10th duly reached me, but to my regretI could not reply before now, as I was waiting an answer to my preliminaryinquiries.

94 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvOf course I am quite willing to promote a solution just and fair to allconcerned, and no doubt with the good will of everyone, that result can beachieved. However I am not quite clear yet as to who has a say in the matter.On one side I understand is His Grace Mar Ivanios and a board of trustees;but I should need to know who on your side claim to have leegal standing inthe matter and whether they would all be willing to come to a pacific solution.Pending Your Lordship’s reply I am looking for a person suitable to hearboth sides and to report.With Kindest regards, I remain,Yours Sincerely in Christo,Delegate ApostolicHis Lordshipthe Most Rev. Mar Philoxenos, M. A., B. D.Bishop of Thumpamun.kvIqfp-Iƒ kw_-‘n®v hy‡-amb Hcp Xocp-am-\-Øn-se-ØmsX Imcy߃\o≠p-t]m-bn. am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns\ shdp-∏n-°m≥ sUen-tK-‰n\vXmev]-cy-an-√m-bn-cp∂p F∂v CXn-\Iw hy‡-am-bn. HSp-hn¬ KXy¥can-√msX am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns\ {]Xn-bm°n tIkp sImSp-t°≠n h∂p.1941 ˛¬ Xncp-h√ ap≥kn^v tImS-Xn-bn¬ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns\{]Xn-bm°n tIkv ^b¬ sNbvXp. Akw-_-‘-ß-fpw, ]®-\p-W-IfpwFgp-Xn-∏n-Sn-∏n®v am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv ]{XnI t_m[n-∏n-®p. tIkns‚Xo¿∏n\v am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns\ hnkvX-cn-®n-cp-∂p. F¥p am{Xw \pW-I-fmWv At±lw thZ-]p-kvXIw ]nSn®v kXyw sNbvXv tImS-Xn-bn¬ ]d--Xv! {]Xn-Im-c-t{]-an-bmb btlmh CXn-\p≈ in£bpw A[nIw Xmakn-bmsXsImSp-Øp. tIkv Xo¿∂p ImWp-hm≥ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kn\vkm[n-®n-√. At±lw 1953 Pqsse 15 -˛\p A°c IS∂p. Cu temI-Øn¬sNbvXpIq´nb Xn∑-Iƒ°v aXn-bmb {]Xn-^ew ]‰n-bmWv At±lwÿew hn´-Xv. Poh-N-cn-{X-Im-c-\mb ^m. C©-°-temSn ]d-bp-∂p. ""1953am¿®n\p tijw aq∂p amk°me-tØmfw AXn-I-Tn-\-amb imco-cnIthZ-\-bmWv At±-l-Øn\v A\p-`-hn-t°≠n h∂Xv. Ic-fnse tcmKw aqew(Liver cancer?) -c‡\ndw Ie¿∂ Pew Ic-fn¬ \n∂pw HgpInh∂-Xv DZc-Øn¬sI´n\n∂Xp \nanØw {]kvXpX Pew IqsS-°qsStUmIvS¿am¿°p FSpØp amt‰≠n h∂p. .... Pqsse Bcw-`n-®-tXmSp IqSnBekyw H∂n-s\m-∂mbn h¿≤n®p XpS-ßn. InS-°-bn¬ \n∂v Fgp-t∂-‰n-cn-°p-hm≥ t]mepw Ai-‡-\m-Ip-amdv ico-c-£oWw A\p-`-h-s∏-´p. ....ac-W-Øn-\v C\n A[nIw Xma-k-an-s√∂v F√m-hcpw \n›-bn®p Ign-p.AXn-bmb ico-c-th-Z\ D≠m-bn-cp∂p. ..... acp-∂p-Iƒ bmsXm∂pw

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 95icocØn¬ ^en-°p∂ e£Ww I≠n√. Aßns\ c≠m-gvN-Iƒ IqSnaptºm´p \oßn. ..... Pqsse ]Xn-\©mw Xob-Xn..... k‘y-tbmSp IqSntcmK-\ne AXn-bmbn h¿≤n-®p. ac-W-e£-W߃ Zriy-am-bn.... ]ØpaWn-tbmSp IqsS tcmK-\ne Bim P\-I-am-bn-Øo¿∂p.....'' (B¿®v_nj∏v Cuhm-\n-tbmkv hmeyw 2, t]Pv 343, 344, 348).Aßns\ Ipsd amk-߃ IjvS-s∏-´v, tcmKw aqew \cIbm-X-\-IƒA\p-`-hn®v doØp sa{Xm≥ 1953 Pqsse 15 \p IS∂p t]mbn. At±lwaqew Xocm-Zpx-J-߃ A\p-`-hn-°m≥ CS-h-∂, Kpcp-hmb h´-t»-cn¬ Xncpta-\n,am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kn-t\-°mƒ A©p h¿jw IqSpX¬ Pohn-®n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F´p ZnhksØ AkpJw aqew \ncym-X-\m-Ip-IbpwsNbvXp. At±-l-sØ-°p-dn®v Nc-a-{]-kw-K-Øn¬ ]. Koh¿Kokv ZznXob≥ImtXm-en-°m-_mhm Cßns\ {]kw-Kn-®p. "".... F´p Znh-k-tØmfwAt±lw tcmK-i-ø-bn¬ Bbn-cp-∂p. .... Ah-km\w kao-]n-°p-thmfwkpt_m[ap≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ... "-I-¥oem ip{iqj' \S-Øn-b-t∏mƒ F{XbpwsXfn-hmb _p≤n-tbmsS At±lw AXn¬ kw_-‘n-®p. Ipcnip hcbvt°≠ka-b-ß-fn¬ H°bpw At±lw X∂-Øm≥ A{]-Imcw sNbvXp.F∂p am{X-a√ ip{iq-jm\¥cw Bcpw Hm¿Ωn-∏n-bv°msX Xs∂ {Ia-{]-Imcw Np‰pw \n∂-hsc dqivam sNbvXv A\p-{K-ln-®p. .... At±-l-Øns‚th¿]mSv F{Xbpw im¥-am-bn-cp-∂p. bmsXmcp tNjvStbm, tKmjvSntbm,IqSmsX \mgnIaWn-bpsS s]≥ Upew Ne\cln-X-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xpt]msebmWv At±-l-Øns‚ izmkw \n∂-Xv. {]m¿∞-\-bpsS Ah-km\whnizmk{]amWw sNm√n-Øo¿∂-t∏m¬ IrXyw ]{¥≠p aWn°v ainlmXºp-cm≥ temI-c£bv°p th≠n {Iqin-°-s∏-´ sh≈n-bmgvN Znh-k-Ønepw B \mgnIbnepw At±lw I¿Øm-hn¬ \n{Z {]m]n-®p'' (h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n: ae-ck`-bpsS tIm´, t]Pv 197˛ 198).am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv acn-®-t∏mƒ ]n≥Km-anbmb _\-UnIvSv am¿{KntKm-dn-tbmkv I£n tNcpIbpw i‡n-bmbn tIkp \S-Øp-IbpwsNbvXp. {]K-¤-∑m-cmb h°o-e-∑msc sh®v tIkv hmZn-®p. AXpsIms≠m∂pw {]tbmP\w In´n-bn-√. ]e tImS-Xn-Iƒ Ibdn Cdßn HSphn¬1963 -˛¬ tIcf sslt°m-SXn, kvIqfp-Iƒ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`bv°vhn´psImSp-°p-hm≥ hn[n-®p. ap≥]v hn´psImSp-Øn-cp∂ 24 kvIqfp-Iƒ°p]pdta 34 kvIqfp-Iƒ hn´psImSp-°m-\m-bn-cp∂p hn[n. CXn¬s]-SmØIpd®p kvIqfp-Iƒ sI´n-S-߃ hoWpw a‰pw \in®p t]mbn-cp-∂p.tIkn¬ tXm‰ _\-UnIv‰v sa{Xm≥ kp{]ow tIm¿´n¬ t]mIms\mcp-ßn. A∏o¬ sImSp-Øm¬ tIkv At\I h¿jw ]ns∂bpw \S-tØ-≠-Xmbn h∂p IqSpw. AXp-sIm≠v Hcp a≤yÿ Xocp-am-\-Øn\v hnSm≥CcpI£n-Ifpw Xocp-am-\n-®p. HSp-hn¬ a≤yÿ Xocp-am\ {]Imcw 11kvIqfp-Iƒ doØp-Im¿°pw 17 kvIqfp-Iƒ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`°pw

96 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv\evIn HØpXo¿∏p-≠m-bn, Ipd®p kvIqfp-Iƒ (sN-∂n-Ø-e, Xpº-a¨apX-em-b-h) ÿew hmßn sI´nSw sh®v am‰m\pw \n›-bn®p. CuHØpXo¿∏n\v ap≥ssI FSp-ØXv _. h¿§okv t¢dn A®-\m-bn-cp-∂p.At±-l-Øns‚ ^b-en¬ CXn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ hniZ hnh-c-߃ D≠v.Aßns\ 1934 -˛¬ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv XpSßn sh® kvIqƒXncn®p]nSn-°¬ bXv\w 1963 ˛¬ ]cy-h-km-\n-®p. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-°pw, am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta-\n-°pw tIkns‚ A¥yw ImWp-hm≥`mKy-ap-≠m-bn-√. sIm®pXncp-ta-\n i‡n-bmbn am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-knt\mSva√n´Xns‚ ^e-am-bn-´mWv 24 kvIqfp-I-ƒ BZysa Xncn®p In´n-b-Xv. AXpwam¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kns‚ hnP-b-ambn IW-°m-°Ww. A]vt{KUvsNbvsX∂pw, sI´nSw ]Wn-bm≥ ]Ww apS-°nsb∂pw D≈ Zp¿\ym-b߃]d-mWv am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv kvIqfp-Iƒ hn´p sImSp-°msXsI´n-∏n-Sn®p sh®-Xv. am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Hmtcm kvIqfn-s‚bpw ^b¬]Tn®v Hmtcm hnZym-e-bhpw t\cn´v kµ¿in®v hni-Z-amb dnt∏m¿´p-≠m°n.am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kp-ambn \S-Ønb N¿®Ifn¬ At±lw tNmZn-°p∂Hmtcm tNmZy-Øn\pw DØcw ]d-bm≥ ]Tn®v Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂p. am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkns‚ apºn¬ ]nSn®p \n¬°m≥ B doØv sa{Xm\v Ign-bmsXh∂p. N¿®-I-fn¬ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns‚ Zp¿hm-Z-ßsf ImcyImcWklnXw Jfin®p. Aßn-s\-bmWv 24 kvIqfp-Iƒ \ocmfn∏nSp-Ø-Øn¬\n∂v BZysa hnS¿Øn-s°m≠p h∂-Xv. tijn® 40 kvIqfp-Iƒ°mWvtIkp sImSp-Ø-sX∂v ap≥]v kqNn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-t√m. tIm´bw Fw. Un.skΩ-n\mcn sslkvIqƒ, Xncp-h√ Fw. Pn. Fw. sslkvIqƒ F∂nham¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kn\v sImSp-Øn-cp-∂n-√. AXp \nanØw B kvIqfp-Iƒ°p tIkn-√m-bn-cp∂p. Xncn®pIn´nb F√m kvIqfp-Ifpw tN¿ØmWv]n∂oSv ImtXm-en-t°‰v B≥Uv Fw. Un. kvIqfp-Iƒ F∂ t]cn¬ tIm¿∏td‰vamt\-Pvsa‚ v cq]-h¬°-cn-®-Xv.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 9717A·nIpfiØn¬Hcp cmPIpamc≥Xpºa¨ CShI sa{Xmt∏meoØmbmbn Nm¿s÷SpØ DSs\`{Zmk\Øn\v ASnb¥ncambn Bÿm\ap≠m°m\mWv Xncpta\n{]bXv\n®Xv. `{Zmk\mÿm\w FhnsS ]WnbWsa∂v KmVambnNn¥n®p. Xpºa¨, ]pØ≥Imhv, sNß∂q¿ XpSßnb ÿeßtf °mƒXncpta\n°v CjvSs∏´Xv Hcp I¿jI{Kmaambncp∂ ]Ø\wXn´bmbncp∂p. Cw•ojv hnZymebsam∂pw A∂hnsS C√. Hcp k¿°m¿anUn¬ kvIqƒ Bbncp∂p GI kckzXoaµncw. H´pw Xmakn®n√,Ip‰n°mSv ]nSn®v InS∂ncp∂ am°mwIp∂v At±lw `{Zmk\mÿm\w]Wnbm≥ XncsSpØp. hnP\ambncps∂nepw {]IrXnat\mlcambHcp sNdnb Ip∂n≥{]tZiw. Hcp kwKXn hnNmcn®ndßnbm¬ ]ns∂B e£yw ssIhcn°msX ]pdtIm´v amdp∂ k{ºZmbw Xncpta\n°vC√mbncp∂p. am°mwIp∂v {]tZiw `{Zmk\mÿm\w ]Wnbm≥Xosc∏‰nb ÿeas√∂p ]dv Nne¿ sa{Xm®s\\ncp’mls∏SpØm≥ {ian®p. "sNdp∏°mc\mb sa{Xms‚ Hmtcm Iºw'F∂p ]dv Nne sshZnIcpw apS°m≥ {ian®p. sIm®pXncpta\nAsXm∂pw sNhns°m≠n√. F√mhcpsSbpw A`n{]mbw tI´m¬ HcpImcyhpw \S°ns√∂mbn Xncpta\n. sNß∂qcmWv `{Zmk\Øn\v ]‰nbÿesa∂v Nne¿ D]tZin®p. ""AhnsSbpw Bhmw. BZyw]Ø\wXn´bn¬ `{Zmk\aµncw ]Wn bs´'' F∂v Xncpta\n adp]Sn]dp.{]XnIqe kmlNcyßsf AXnPohn®mbncp∂p am°mwIp∂n¬`{Zmk\mÿm\w ]WnXXv. ssIbn¬ Imin√mbncp∂p F∂XmWvapJy{]iv\w. sI´nSw ]Wn°v kma{KnIƒ hmßm\pw, ]Wn°m¿°v IqensImSp°m\pw sI´nbncns∏m∂pw C√. A]q¿∆w Nne ]≈n °mcpwk∑\ p≈ Nne CShI°mcpw sNdnb XpIIƒ Xncpta \nsbG¬∏n®pt]m∂p. AXpsIm≠v sshIpt∂cw Iqen sImSp°pw. NneAhkcßfn¬ Iqen°m¿°v ss]k sImSp°m≥ C√msXhnjan®n´p≠v. sshIpt∂cw Iqen sImSpt°≠ t\camhptºmtg°pwBscnepw ssIapØmtbm, kw`mh\bmtbm hcpsa∂ hnizmkØnemWv tPmen°msc G¿∏mSm°p∂Xv. Iqen sImSp°m≥ ssIbn¬Imin√mØ Ahkcßfn¬ ]Wn°mtcmSv D≈ Imcyw Xpd∂p ]dtb≠Xmbpw h∂n´p≠v. ""N{Isam∂pw C√. \msfØcmw'' F∂v

98 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvhnjmZhnhi\mbn AhtcmSp ]dbptºmƒ AXv tIƒ°m≥ CShcp∂]Wn°m¿°v Cc´n kSw. A¥nbmthmfw ]WnXn´v Iqen In´msXIpSnente°v aSßp∂Xne√ Ah¿°v ZpxJw. Xºpcm≥ Iqen XcmØXn\v XßtfmSv kSs∏´p ]dt√m F∂XnemWv Ah¿°v ZpxJw.""AXv kmcan√ X{ºms\'' F∂p ]dv Ah¿ t]mIm≥ XpS ßptºmƒtIƒ°mw Hcp Im¿ Ip∂p Ibdn Atßm´p hcp∂Xns‚ Ccº¬. Imdn¬\n∂v Cdßp∂ Bƒ Xncpta\nbpsS ssIapØnb tijw Hcp s]mXn`hyXtbmsS G¬∏n°p∂p≠mhpw. DSs\ Xncpta\n ]Wn°msc XncnsIhnfn°pw. B kabØv XncpapJØv hncnbp∂ kt¥mjhpw,kwXr]vXnbpw A\ymZriyambncp∂p. ""[rXn D≠mbncp∂n√ X{ºms\''F∂p ]dv B ]mh߃ sa{Xm®s‚ ssIbn¬ \n∂v A∂sØ Iqenhmßpw. Aßs\ F{X, F{X, Znhkw IS∂p t]mbncn°p∂p!am°mwIp∂ns‚ apIƒ∏c∏n¬ XW¬ In´m≥ henb hr£ßsfm∂pw D≠mbncp∂n√. F√mw Ip‰ns®SnIfmWv. Imcap≈pw,sXm´mhmSnbpw AXpt]msebp≈ ]mgvs®SnIfpw \ndp \n∂ncp∂p.Ahbv°nSbn¬ ]md°√pIƒ Db¿∂p \n∂p. Cu {]tZiw Xncpta\nIqen°m¿s°m∏w shbnepw sIm≠p \n∂pw sh´pIØnbpw, Iºn∏mcbpw, ]n°mkpw D]tbmKn®p \nc∏m°n. s]m≈p∂ shbnem bncn°pw.sa{Xm∑m¿ k`bpsS cmPIpamc∑mcmsW∂mWv shbv]v. ChnsS HcpcmPIpamc≥ c‡w h‰nt∏mIp∂ D®shbnte‰v hmSn°cn bp∂p! BsImSpwNqSn¬ At±lØns‚ tZlw hnb¿Øv Ipfn°pw. B shfpØapJw shbneSntb‰v Icphmfn°p∂pt≠m? bmsXmcp aSp∏pwIqSmsXbmWv sa{Xm®≥ B Ip∂pw]pdØv ITn\m≤zm\w sNbvXncp∂Xv.Xqºm sIm≠v BpInf°ptºmƒ "\ns∂ Rm≥ sacp°nsbSp°pw'F∂v ]cp]cpØ B Ip∂n≥]pdsØ aÆnt\mSv At±lw IpiewtNmZn°pIbmbncpt∂m sNbvXncp∂Xv? kz¿Æ …o_m hln®arZpeamb hewssIbn¬ Iºn∏mc ]nSn®v Icn√pIƒ IpØn Cf°nam‰ptºmƒ D≈wssI s]m´n Nnet∏mƒ tNmc Hen°pw. Xncpta\n AXvImcyam°mdn√. Bcpw ImWmsX \odp∂ ssI∏Øn ]Xps° DuXnthZ\ am‰pw. sshjayw, Bscnepw ssIapØm≥ B t\cØvIbdnhcp∂XnemWv. D≈wssI s]m´n tNmc Hen°p∂ heXpIcwFßns\ apØm≥ \o´ns°mSp°pw! KXy¥can√msX ssIØ≠apØm≥ ImWn®psImSpØn´p≠v. XßfpsS k`bnse sa{Xm®≥Cßns\ tZlm≤zm\w sNbvXv IjvSs∏Sp∂Xpw I≠v kln°hømsX"CsXm∂pw sNøcpXv Xncpta\n' F∂v hne°m≥ {ian® k`ma°fpap≠v.AhtcmSv Xncpta\n Ib¿sØm∂pw kwkmcn °bn√. AhcpsS kvt\lwAt±lØn\v a\ nem°m≥ Ignbpw. F∂mepw {]hrØnIfn¬ \n∂pw]oeIvknt\mkv Xncpta\nsb ]n¥ncn∏n°m≥ B¿°pw Ignn´n√.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 99kmbm”amIp∂tXmsS ]Wn°m¿ ]ncnp t]mIpw. AkvXabkqcys‚ sNXncpIƒ Hmtcm∂mbn Ip∂n≥Xe∏n¬ \n∂v ampt]mhp∂p. Ccp´v am°mwIp∂ns‚ ASnhmcØn¬ \n∂v IptdsiAcn®cn®v Ibdnhcp∂p. XWpØ B Im‰v ]Snmdp \n∂v sas√ sas√IS∂v h∂v B cmPIpamcs‚ Xf¿∂ ta\nsb hoin Bizkn ∏n°pw.Xncpta\n Xmsgbp≈ InW‰n≥Icbnte°v \S°pw. hnb¿ ∏n¬ IpXn¿∂"akv\]vk' \\®v DW°m\nSpw. BI∏msSbp≈ "akv\]vk' bmWv.ASpØ Znhkw AXp thWw [cn°m≥. ssIbpw, Imepw apJhpw IgpInshdpw \neØv BImi\oenabnte°v IÆpw \´v ]ns∂ Hcp InS∏mWv.Nnet∏mƒ £oWw sIm≠v H∂v abßnsb∂pw hcpw. Ing°≥N{IhmfØn¬ Db¿∂phcp∂ N{µ _nw_w B cmPIpamcs‚ XdbnseCu £oWn® InS∏v I≠v kln°m≥ hømsXIm¿taL]mfnIƒ°p≈n¬ apJw adbv°pw!Xmakw B Ip∂n≥]pdØv Xm¬°menIambn sI´n D≠m°nb HcpXpd∂ apdnbnemWv. c≠v _©v Iq´nbn´v AXnt∑emWv InS∏v. Ccp´nt\mSvam∏v tNmZn®psIm≠v aßn°Øp∂ Hcp sIm®phnf°v D≠v. apdnbpsSaqebv°v Hcp IqP \ndsb ]®sh≈w D≠mbncn°pw. henb Zmlambncp∂p Xncpta\n°v. hfsc t\cw shbnepw sIm≠v ]Wn FSpØXpsIm≠mWv Zmln°p∂sX∂mbncp∂p IcpXnbncp∂Xv. IqP FSpØvs]m°n \n∂ \nev]n¬ Bbncp∂p sh≈wIpSn. {]taltcmKØns‚Bcw`ambncp∂p F∂p ]n∂oSmWv a\knembXv.sIm®pXncpta\nsbt∏mse A`ykvXhnZy\mb as‰mcp sa{Xmt∏meoØm Cßns\ ITn\m≤zm\w sNbvXXmbn Adnhn√. tNmcbpw,\ocpw Hgp°n Aßns\ am°mwIp∂n¬ At±lw `{Zmk\mÿm\hpwHm^okpw sI´n∏SpØp. ]n∂oSv Xs‚ {]h¿ØtaJebmbn hf¿∂am°mwIp∂n¬ ]e ÿm]\ßfpw, sI´nSßfpw Db¿∂p hcm≥ XpSßn.Xncpta\nbpsS kl]mTnbpw, ka{]mb°mc\pambncp∂ tUm. kn.‰n. Cu∏≥ "am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv kph\ndn' ¬ FgpXnb lrZbkv]¿inbmb teJ\Øn¬ Cßns\ ]dbp∂p (t]Pv 29):"\nc¥cambn \SØns°m≠ncn°p∂ sI´nSw ]WnIfnepw, a‰pwIgnhp≈ klmb߃ sNøp∂Xn¬ AXoh Xev]c\mbncp∂p.am°mwIp∂p kvIqƒ Bcw`n® L´Øn¬ ]e Ahkcßfnepw HmSps]m°ns°mSp°pI, ]pc∏pdØp Ibdn HmSnSpI, apXemb tPmenIƒsNbvI km[mcWambncp∂p. Hcn°¬ Hcp am\y]uc≥ At±lsØImWm≥ am°mwIp∂v kvIqfn¬ FØn. ssI c≠pw HmSpIƒ sIm≠p\ndncp∂ Xncpta\n, ssIapØm≥ A£aX ImWn® k`m`‡\vHmSp`mcØm¬ aSßnbncp∂ ssIap´p \o´ns°mSpØp. {]h¿Ø\w{]m¿∞\bv°v Xpeysa∂v ZrVambn hnizkn® Xncpta\n°v Chbnsem∂pw ehteiw ktmNw tXm∂nbncp∂n√'.

100 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv18_tYense _meknwlwsIm®pXncpta\n `cWta‰ Xpºa¨ sa{Xmk\w hfsc hnkvXo¿Æap≈Xmbncp∂p. F√m tZhmebßfpw h¿jØn¬ ]e XhW kµ¿in°Wsa∂v \n¿_‘ambncp∂p. Hmtcm CShI ∏≈ntbbpw IÆnseIrjvWaWn t]mse ImØpkq£n®p. hnImcn am¿ Aek≥amcmbnRmbdmgvN Ip¿∫m\bpw sNm√n ho´n¬t]mbn NSpIqSnbncn°m≥Xncpta\n A\phZn®ncp∂n√. Bflob {]h¿Ø\߃ sNøm≥ Ah¿°vssI\ndsb G¬∏n®ncp∂p. `{Zmk\ Øns‚ s\SpIbpw, IpdpIbpwHmSn FØm≥ sNß∂q¿ {]tZiØv Fw. kn. tdmUnt\mSv tN¿∂vFhnsSsbnepw Ipd®p ÿew In´nbm¬ AhnsS Hcp k`mtI{µw\n¿Ωn°p∂Xv DØaambncn°psa∂v sa{Xm®\v tXm∂n. AXns‚^eamWv sNß∂q¿ _tY¬ Aca\. SuWns‚ kao]w N¥bpsSsX°p hiØp≈ s]mtX¬°pfsa∂ ÿeamWv Xncpta\nI≠psh®Xv. Fw. kn. tdmUnt\mSp tN¿∂pInS°p∂ ÿew. F√mhcmepw AhKWn°s∏´ hrØnlo\amb Hcp sNfn°p≠m bncp∂ps]mtX¬°pfw. sa{Xm®≥ B ÿew \nIØnsbSpØv _tY¬Aca\bpw, Nm∏epw ]WnXp. sNß∂qcnse N∏pw, Nhdpw, a‰pamen\yßfpw \nt£]n®ncp∂ s]mtX¬°pfw Xncpta\nbpsS ISm£whoWt∏mƒ at\mlcamb _tYembn. {iocmas‚ Im¬ X´nbt∏mƒ"Im´nse Is√mcp tamln\nbmbv' F∂p ]d t]msebmWvs]mtX¬°pf Øn\v kw`hn®Xv. 1942 ˛emWv am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv_tYentebv°v ImseSpØp h®Xv. ]n∂oSv B ÿeØn\v D≠mbhf¿® `mh\mXoXw. Xncpta\n hm’eyhm\mb ]n. Pn. tPm¿PvIØ\msc _tYens‚ NpaXe G¬∏n®p. AhnsS ]Wnbn® _tY¬∏≈n ]. ]cpae {KntKmdntbmkns‚ \maØnembncp∂p. At±lsØk` ]cnip≤\mbn {]Jym]n°p∂Xn\p apºp Xs∂ sIm®pXncpta\n_tY¬]≈n B ]cnip≤s‚ \maØn¬ ÿm]n®p. Fs¥mcpZo¿LZrjvSn._tY¬ Nm∏¬ ]pXp°n∏Wnbn°pI, kt≠kvIqƒ lmƒ\n¿Ωn°pI, Aca\s°´nSw hepXm°pI XpSßnb {]h¿Ø \߃°v[\tiJcØn\mbn Ab® Iev]\bpsS {]k‡`mKw XmsgsImSp°p∂p:1117 ˛ am≠v CShw 29 ˛\p (1942 Pq¨ 11) hymgmgvN "_tY¬' F∂\mat[bØn¬ Bcw`n®n´p≈ \ΩpsS hI Aca\bpw, Nm∏epwssZhIr]bm¬ GXm≠p cq]w FSpØn´ps≠nepw \mfnXphsc Sn.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 101ÿm]\sØ∏‰n \ap°v A`nam\n°m≥ X°hÆw AXv BbnØo¿∂n´n√. Bhiyap≈ XpI apgph≥ kw`cn®Xns‚ tijw {]h¿Ø\wBcw`n°pI F∂Xv ImessZ¿Lyw hcpØp∂Xpw \ap°v G‰hpwt¢iIchpw BWv. AXn\m¬ As{X At∏mgt∏mgmbn \ap°pe`n®psIm≠ncn°p∂ XpIIƒ sIm≠v Aev]m¬∏ambns´nepwÿm]\sØ hen∏s∏SpØns°m≠ncn°p∂Xv.F∂m¬ Nm∏¬ ]pXp°n∏Wnbn°pI, k¨tUkvIqƒ lmƒ,Aca\s°´nSw F∂nh hen∏s∏SpØpI, ÿm]\Øn\p AXymhiys∏´ ÿew hmßn°pI F∂nhbv°p th≠n IpdXv Ccp]Xn\mbncw cq] D≠mtI≠nbncn°p∂p. \ΩpsS ssIhiw C∏mƒ D≈Hcp sNdnb XpI sIm≠v Nm∏¬ ]Wn Bcw`n®p Ignp. HcpamkØn\Iw ta¬°mcy߃ km[n®m¬ sIm≈msa∂v \ap°v{]m¿∞\bp≠v. CXnte°mbn ssZhØns‚ IcpWbn≥Iogv \ΩpsSBfloba°fpw, A`ypZbImw£nIfpamb F√mhcpsSbpw klmbklIcWw Bhiyw Xs∂. "s]mtXen¬ \n∂v _tYente°v' D≈C°gn 3 1/2 h¿jsØ bm{Xbn¬ \ap°p e`n®n´p≈ ssZhnIklmbßfpw am\pjnI klIcWßfpw \sΩ Cu AhkcØn¬ss[cys∏SpØp∂ps≠∂p≈Xv CØcpWØn¬ \µn]q¿∆w{]kvXmhyas{X._tYens‚ hf¿®bn¬ XmXv]cyap≈ F√mhscbpw Cu kµ¿`Øn¬ AhchcpsS {]m]vXn°p X°hÆap≈ ssIØmßen\mbn \mw£Wn®psIm≈p∂p. \nßfpsS a\ pw {]m]vXnbpw A\pkcn®p≈kw`mh\Iƒ Ab®pX∂v {]kvXpX {]ÿm\sØ hnPbn∏n°psa∂p≈hnizmkØn¬ Cu A`y¿∞\ Abbv°p ∂XmIp∂p.(H∏v)am¿ ]neIvknt\mkv sa{Xmt∏meoØm_tY¬sNß∂q¿20 ˛ 3 ˛ 1121kuIcyap≈t∏msg√mw am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv sNß∂q¿ _tYen¬h∂p Xmakn°pw. hfsc IjvSs∏´ PohnXambncp∂p Xncpta\n AhnsS\bn®ncp∂sX∂Xn\v Ct∏mgsØ ImtXmen°m _mhm amXyqkvZznXob≥ Xncpta\n km£nbmWv. A∂v At±lw "G©e®≥' F∂vhnfn°s∏´pt]m∂ HmXd amXyqkv IØ\mcm bncp∂p. tUm. kmapth¬Nµ\∏≈n 1999 ¬ D≈∂q¿ sk‚ v tacokv henb]≈n iXm_vZnIqZmim kvacWnIbn¬ FgpXnb teJ\Øn¬ Cßns\ ]dbp∂p (t]Pv51):

102 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv""CSbv°nsS Xs‚ Kpcphpw hgnIm´nbpamb ]pØ≥Imhv Xncpta\nsbImWm≥ t]mIpw. sNß∂q¿ N¥bpsS sX°phiap≈ A∂sØs]mtX¬°pfØns‚ Icbn¬ Hcp sNdnb hoSp≠m°n Xncpta\nXmakn®ncp∂p. Cu "s]mtX¬' BWv ]n∂oSv "_tY¬' BbnØo¿∂Xv.amXyqkv A®≥ Hcn°¬ AhnsS sN∂t∏mƒ I≠ cwKw Hm¿Ωbnep≠v.ASpØp≈ Im∏n°Sbn¬ \n∂p I´≥Im∏nbpw, ]cn∏phSbpw hcpØnA`nhµy Xncpta\n "tai' Ign°p∂p. ZpcnX]q¿Æamb Hcp PohnXwAt±lw \bn°p∂Xp I≠p. Hcp Ipin\n°mcs\ \n¿Øn sNehp\SØns°m≠pt]mIphm\p≈ kmºØnI`{ZX A∂hnsSbn√. Hcpsa{Xmt∏meoØmbpsS PohnXw ˛ CXp amXyqkv A®s‚ lrZbsØkv]¿in®p.''Aßs\ ]´nWnbpw, ]cnh´hpambn sIm®pXncpta\n sNß∂q¿_tYens\ Xmtemen®v hf¿ØnsbSpØp. F¥n\pth≠n, AYhmB¿°pth≠n Xncpta\n Cu IjvS∏mSpIƒ kln®p F∂ tNmZyw{]k‡amWv. "F√mw k`bv°p th≠n' F∂ H‰ DØcta ]dbm \p≈q.In´p∂ ssIapØpw kw`mh\Ifpw, ]≈nIfn¬ \n∂p ]ncnhpw hmßnkpJambn Xncpta\n°v `{Zmk\Øn¬ FhnsSsbnepw ASßnsbmXpßn°gnbmambncp∂p. Hcp sa{Xmt∏meoØm PohnX ImeØv C{XkvIqfpIƒ XpSßWsat∂m, C{X ]≈nIƒ ÿm]n °Wsat∂m,`{Zmk\Øn\p th≠n C{X sI´nS߃ ]Wnbn°W sat∂m FhnsSbpwFgpXnh®n´n√! Chsbm∂pw sNømsX tZlw A\ßmsX Imew Ign®F{Xtbm Xncpta\namcp≠v! Aca\bpsS sXm´p≈ F¬. ]n. kvIqƒkz¥w amt\P vsa‚nembncp∂n´p t]mepw AsXm∂v A]vt{KUv sNbvXphmßm≥ Xosc {ian°msX Imew Ign®pIq´nb alm]ptcmlnX≥amcpap≠v. Aca\ ÿm]I\mb hµyXncpta\nbpsS Hm¿Ωbv°mbnsk{I´dn siΩmi≥ `{Zmk\ Øns‚ DSaÿXbn¬ XpSßnb kvIqƒ]e h¿j߃ Ignn´pw C∂pw sslkvIqfm°msX hf¿® apcSn®vAca\tbmSv tN¿∂p≈ hnimeamb ]dºn¬ \n¬°p∂Xv Xriq¿ ˛FdWmIpfw tZiob ]mXbneqsS bm{X sNøp∂h¿°v ImWmw.Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\w i‡ns∏SWsa∂pw, k` A`nhr≤ns∏SWsa∂pap≈ AXnbmb hmRvObmbncp∂p Xncpta\n°v. AXn\pth≠n F¥v XymKw sNøm\pw k∂≤\mbncp∂p. bphm°tfmSvtNmZn°pambncp∂p "k` BcptSXmsW∂v?' "Fs‚ k`' F∂ DØcamWv Xncpta\n {]Xo£n°p∂Xv. AXv Ahscs°m≠v sa{Xm®≥]dbn°pw. Ignn√! ssI s\©Øp h®v ]dbm≥ Xncpta\nBhiys∏Spw. Aßs\ "Fs‚ k`' F∂v ssI s\©Øp h®vsNdp∏°m¿ ]dbptºmƒ Xncpta\n Ft¥m Afl\n¿hrXn ASbp∂t]mse tXm∂pw. B apJØv ]Xps° ]p©ncn hnScpw. AXv A`nam\Øn

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 103t‚Xmbncpt∂m? AtXm kvt\lØns‚tbm?ImeN{Iw AXnthKw apt∂m´p IpXn®psIm≠ncp∂p. sIm®pXncpta\n shdpw Hm¿Ω am{Xambn tijn®p. k`bn¬ hºn® am‰ßƒD≠mbn. \mSv kº¬ kar≤ambn. am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv Xncpta\n ]´nWnInS∂v ÿm]\߃ sI´n∏SpØp F∂v ]dm¬ Xs∂ hnizkn°m≥Bsf In´nsb∂p hcn√. ]WØns‚ Xnf∏mWv C∂v ZriyamIp∂Xv.AXncn°s´, ImeØns‚ XnIhn¬ sNß∂q¿ `{Zmk\w \nehn¬ h∂p.Xpºa¨, \ncWw, sIm√w `{Zmk\ßfn¬ \n∂p≈ 50 ]≈nIƒDƒs∏SpØn 1985 am¿®v 10 ˛\p `{Zmk\w cq] h¬°cn®p. 1985 BKÃv25 ˛\p `{Zmk\Øns‚ Hu]NmcnIamb DZvLmS\w _tkentbmkvam¿tØmΩm amXyqkv {]Ya≥ _mhm \n¿∆ln®p. 1985 HmKÃv H∂n\vtXmakv am¿ AØm\mtkymkv `{Zmk \Øns‚ {]Ya sa{Xmt∏meoØmbmbn \nban°s∏´p. ]pØ≥Imhv Xncpta\n Zo¿LZrjvSntbmsSXncsSpØ ÿeØp \n¿Ωn® _tY¬ Aca\ sNß∂q¿`{Zmk\Øns‚ Bÿm\ambn. ]pØ≥ Imhv Xncpta\nbpsSktlmZc]p{X≥ `{Zmk\Øns‚ {]Ya sa{Xmt∏meoØmbmbn _tYen¬ Xmakn®v _rlØmb `{Zmk\ Aca\bpw, Nm∏epw a‰pw ]SpØpb¿Øphm≥ ssZhw kwKXnbm°n. ]pXp-°n-∏-WnX _tY¬ Ac-a-\-∏-≈n-bpsS IqZmi 2004 am¿®v 25, 26, 27 Xob-Xn-I-fn¬ kap-Nn-X-ambn \S-Øn. _tYense _meknwlw D∂Xßfnencp∂v CXp I≠v B\µm{ip°ƒ s]mgn°p∂p≠mbncn°pw!

104 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv19t_kn¬ Zbdmaeck`bv°v s]mXpthbpw, Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\Øn\v {]tXy In®pw]ptcmKXn D≠m°phm\p≈ πm\pw, ]≤XnIfpambncp∂p am¿]oeIvknt\mkns‚ a\ v \ndsb. k`bpsS D∂a\Øn\v Ahnhm lnXsshZnI kwLw IqSntb Xocq F∂v At±lw hnizkn®p. A`ykvXhnZycpw, tkh\at\m`mh°mcpamb Hcp kwLw sshZnI¿ Ds≠n¬ h≥Imcy߃ t\Smsa∂v At±lØn\v tXm∂n. Zbdm {]ÿm\sØ°pdn®v ]e {KŸßƒ Cu ImeL´Øn¬ Xncpta\n hmbn®pa\ nem°n. tIcfØnepw ]pdØpap≈ ]e k\ymkm{iaßfpwkµ¿in®v {]h¿Ø\coXn I≠v ]Tn®p. `{Zmk\ sa{Xmt∏meo Ømbmbn\nban°s∏´v A[nIw XmaknbmsX Xs∂ a\ nep≈ ZbdmkwLØn¬ tN¿°phm≥ ]‰nb bphm°sf sXcp. BZy ambnI≠p]nSn®Xv kuay\pw, k¬kz`mhnbpamb t¢dn ]n. C. Zm\ntbens\Bbncp∂p. At±lamWv ]n≥Kmanbmbn h∂ Zm\ntb¬ am¿]oeIvknt\mkv.Zbdmbn¬ tNcp∂h¿°v XmakØn\mbn Bÿm\Øp Xs∂kuIcy߃ Hcp°n. `{Zmk\tI{µw sa{Xmt∏meoØmbpsS Bÿm\hpw, Imcymebhpw, am{Xa√ Hcp k\ymk kaqlØns‚ hmkÿehpw IqSn Bbncn°Wsa∂v Xncpta\n \n›bn®p. tIm´bw ]gbskan\mcnbpsS πm\n¬ \mepsI´mbn ]{¥≠p apdnIfp≈Xpw, HmtcmhiØpw a≤yØn¬ Hmtcm CS\mgnIbp≈Xpamb H‰\nes°´nSwÿm]n°Wsa∂v \n›bn®p ]Wn XpSßn. sI´nSØns‚ ]Snmdpw,hS°pw `mK߃ ]q¿Æambpw, Ingt° `mKØns‚ ]IpXnbpw 1948P\phcn Bbt∏mtg°pw ]Wnbphm≥ Ignp. Zbdmbn¬ tNcm≥XmXv]cyap≈ A©p t]sc°qSn In´n°gnn cp∂p. B h¿jw am¿_tkentbmkns‚ s]cp\mfpw a‰pamb aIcw H∂n\p Xncpta\n Bÿm]\w bmsXmcp B¿`mShpw IqSmsX IqZmi sNbvXp. Xs‚BZ¿i]pcpj≥ IqSnbmb alm\mb am¿ _tken tbmkns‚ t]¿Zbdmbv°p \¬In. AwKßfmbn tNcm≥ h∂hsc ]pXnb sI´nSØn¬Xmakn∏n®p. Xncpta\nbpw Ah¿s°m∏ ambncp∂p Xmakw. sa{Xm®s‚XmakØn\mbn sX°p]Snmsd tImWnse apdn th¿Xncn®p.Aßns\ 1948 P\phcn 14 ˛\p am¿ t_kn¬ Zbdm cq]w sIm≠p.]{¥≠p h¿jtØmfw Xncpta\nbpsS a\ nse {][m\Nn¥m hnjbambncp∂p Zbdm. Zbdm A[n]≥ Xncpta\n Xs∂ Bbncp∂p.sa{Xm®s‚ Akm∂n≤yØn¬ Zm\ntb¬ A®≥ D]m≤y£≥ F∂

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 105\nebn¬ Imcy߃ t\m°n h∂p.t_kn¬ Zbdmbv°p \nbamhenbpw, N´ßfpw Xncpta\n Xs∂FgpXnbp≠m°n. AwK߃ IpSpw_PohnXw Dt]£n°Wsa∂pw,F√mhcpsSbpw kºmZyw s]mXphIbmsW∂pw, F√mhcpsS NnehpIfpw Zbdmbn¬ \n∂p hln°psa∂pw \nbamhenbn¬ D≠v. hnZym`ymkw XpScm≥ Xmev]cyap≈ AwKßsf F{Xhsc ]Tn∏n°p hm\pwXncpta\n Xømdmbncp∂p.am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv ]≈nIƒ kµ¿in°m≥ t]mIptºmƒ t_kn¬Zbdmbnse Ht∂m, ct≠m AwKßsf IqsS sIm≠p t]mIpw.s]mXptbmKßfn¬ {]kwKn°phm≥ Xncpta\n Ah¿°v ]cnioe\w\¬Ipw. Ah¿ {]kwKn°p∂Xv Xncpta\n k{i≤w tIƒ°pw. hn{iathfIfn¬ AhcpsS {]kwKw IqSpX¬ anIhp≈ Xm°m\p≈{]mtbmKnI D]tZiw sImSpØpt]m∂p. t_kn¬ Zbdm DØtcmØcwA`nhr≤ns∏´p hcptºmgmWv Xncpta\n IS∂pt]mbXv. AXv t_kn¬Zbdmbv°v Xmßm≥ hømØ BLmXambncp∂p. IjvSn®v aq∂p h¿jtaXncpta\n°v Zbdm \SØns°m≠p t]mIm≥ Ignp≈p.A∂v t_kn¬ Zbdmbn¬ D≠mbncp∂ Nne AwKßfpsS t]cphnhcw:1. ^m. ]n. C. Zm\ntb¬ (]n∂oSv Zm\ntb¬ am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv)2. ^m. hn. kn. tPm¿Pv (fm°qc®≥)3. ^m. kn. hn. amXyqkv Xpºa¨4. ^m. F. Fw. hdpKokv, ]¥fw5. ^m. sI. kn. DΩ≥ (sXtbmt^mdkv dºm≥, Bdm´p]pg).6. ^m. F. ‰n. K{_ntb¬, Im¿ØnI∏≈n7. ^m. ]n. Pn. tPm¿Pv, ]Ø\wXn´8. ^m. Fw. sI. tXmakv, ]pØ≥Imhv (Ct∏mƒ \yqtbm¿°n¬)9. ^m. Fw. C. CSn°pf, {]°m\w (bp. Fkv. F.)10. ^m. ]n. Fkv. iapth¬, sagpthen (Ct∏mƒ \yqtbm¿°n¬)Chsc√mw Abvta\nIfpw, siΩmiΩmcpw, sshZnIcpw Bbnt_kn¬ Zbdmbn¬ Xmakn®ncp∂p.k`mIhn shÆn°pfw kn. ]n. Nm≠n, Bdm´p]pg Fw. Pn. sNdnbm≥,^m. Sn. Fw. hdpKokv a√t»cn, C. hn. tImin Cßs\ ]ecpw t_kn¬Zbdmbpambn _‘s∏´hcmbncp∂p.Xncpta\nbpsS Imew IgntXmSp IqSn ]e AwKßfpw ]pXnbta®n¬∏pd߃ Is≠Øn. ]n≥Kmanbmbn h∂ Xncpta\n°p

106 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvk`mXeØnepw {]h¿Ønt°≠n h∂Xn\m¬ ]pØ≥Imhp Xncpta\nXpSßnb Zbdm \S-Øns°m≠p t]mIm≥ km[n®n√.t_kn¬ Zbdm]Ø-\w-Xn´ ImtXm-en-t°‰v tImfPv

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 10720HuNn-Xy-t_m[w]pØ≥Imhv sIm®pXncp-ta\nsb∏‰n Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ ]ecpw Hm¿°mdp-≈XvAt±-l-Øns‚ kµ¿t`m-Nn-X-ambn s]cp-am-dp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ign-hm-Wv. s]s´∂v Btem-Nn®v Hcp Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°m≥ Xncp-ta\n°v Hcp{]tXyI Ign-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Aßns\ FSp-°p∂ Xocp-am-\-߃ Hcn-°epw sX‰m-dp-an-√. G{_lmw am¿tØmΩm sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm s]s´∂vImew sNbvXp. am¿tØmΩm k`-bnse c≠p F∏n-kvtIm∏m amcpwAt∏mƒ ÿe-Øn-√. acWhm¿Ø tI´ DSs\Xs∂ am¿ ]oe-Ivknt\mkvÿe-sØ-Øn, aSn®p\n¬°msX ih-kw-kvImc {iq{iq-j-bpsS{]mcw` NS-ßp-Iƒ \n¿∆-ln-®p. CXv Ncn{Xw krjvSn® Hcp {]hrØn-bmbn-cp-∂p.bmt°m-_mb ˛ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv sa{Xm-∑m¿, am¿tØmΩm k`bnsesa{Xm-∑msc ImWp-tºmƒ Ipiew ]d-bp-Itbm, Ahsc kµ¿in-°p-Itbm sNøm-Xn-cp∂ Ime-ØmWv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv C{]-Imcw{]h¿Øn-®-Xv. c≠p t]cpw Hcp tKm{X hgn-°m-cm-sW-∂p≈ \ymb-ØnemWvNne am¿tØm-Ωm-°m¿°v ckn-°m≥ CS-bn-√m-Ø-Xpw, Hm¿ØtUmIvkvsa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v sNøm≥ Imt\m-\n-I-ambn Ah-Im-i-an-√m-Ø-Xp-amb Hcp IrXyw sNøp-∂-Xn\v At±lw apXn¿∂-Xv. CXv Xo{hhm-Zn-I-fmbNne am¿tØm-Ωm-°m¿°v CjvS-s∏-´n-√. ]t£ H∂pw D≠mbn-√.A∂p am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv XpSßn h® amXrI C∂v k¿∆-km-[m-c-W-am-bn-´p-≠v.Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv Imew sNbvX-t∏mƒ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv a-\n-°-c-bn¬ HmSn-sb-Øn-b-Xpw, XpS¿∂p-≠mb kw`-hßfpwap≥]v kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠t√m. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv `mKsØ bqen-tbmkvsa{Xm≥ a-\n-°c ÿncXmakw XpS-ßnb tijw, B hgnIS∂pt]mIp-tºm-sg√mw am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv am¿ bqen-tbm-kns\sN∂p ImWp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ XΩn¬ ku-lrZ kw`m-j-W-ß-fn¬ apgp-Ipw. am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kns‚ A¥y {]kw-K-Øn¬ AXn-s\-°p-dn®v ]dbp-∂p≠v.""......- Rm≥ Hcp Znhkw am¿ bqen-tbm-kns‚ ASp-°¬ t]mbncp-∂p.\mapw At±-lhpw XΩn¬ henb ASp-∏-amWv. \mw a-\n-°c°vt]mbm¬ At±lw \ap°v Im∏n Xcpw. a‰m¿°pw In´n-bn-s√-nepw\ap°p IWn-i-am. At±lw _tY-enepw hcm-dp-≠v.....''hS-t°m-´p≈ bm{X-mthfIfn¬ Bep-hm-bn-eqsS IS-∂pt]mIp-tºmsg√mwXr°p-∂Øp skan\m-cn-bn¬ sN∂v am¿ AØm-\m-tkym-kns\kµ¿in-°pI ]Xn-hm-Wv. ]u-eqkv am¿ AØm-\m-tkym-kn\p ]pØ≥

108 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvImhv Xncp-ta-\nsb ImWp-I-sb∂p sh®m¬ henb kt¥m-j-am-bn-cp∂p.Bflob ]p{X-s\-t∏m-se-bmWv sIm®pXncp-ta-\nsb Icp-Xn-bn-cp-∂-Xv.{]mbm-[n-Iy-Øm¬ IÆn\p ImgvN Ipdv Bsf I≠v Xncn-®-dn-bm≥hømØ \mfp-I-fn¬ am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv ]pØ≥Imhp Xncp-ta\n h∂pF∂-dn-m¬ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Ccn-°p∂ ItkctbmSv ASp-∏n®vXs‚ Itkc \o°n CSp-hn®v AXn¬ Ccp∂v At±-l-Øns‚ Icw {Kln-®mWv kwkm-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Gen-bmkv ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ Iev]\{]ImcwHm¿Ø-tUmIvkv sa{Xm∑m¿ shdpw Npa∏p hkv{X[mcn-I-fpw, ]´-an-√m-Ø-h-cp-am-Wv, Ah-cp-ambn kwk¿§w ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xp-am-Wv. Gen-bmkv ]m{Xnb¿°o-kn\ptijw h∂ At{]w {]Y-a≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okpw CXp Xs∂G‰p ]mSn. At±lw Hcp ]Sn IqSn ap≥t]m-´p t]mbn Koh¿Kokv ZznXob≥ImtXm-en°m _mhmsb ""hr≤≥ ]p∂qkv'' F∂p hsc Iev]-\-bn¬ Bt£-]n-®p. F∂m¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv `mKsØ henb sa{Xm-®\pw,_Z¬ ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bp-amb s]u-eqkv am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkn\v]oe-Ivkn-t\mkns\ ImWp-tºmƒ B hne-°p-Iƒ H∂pw {]iv\-ambncp-∂n-√. am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkpw am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkns‚ ]nXmhvIng-s°-Ø-e-bv°¬ tXmΩm IØ-\mcpw henb kplr-Øp-°-fp-am-bncp∂p.ka-tbm-Nn-X-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw, kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xnep≈Ig-nhv ]pØ≥Imhv Xncp-ta-\n°v In´nb \¬hcßfn¬H∂m-sW∂p sXfn-bn-°p∂ as‰mcp kw`hw tIƒ°q. Xncp-ta-\n°v Bcm-[-I∑mcpw kvt\ln-X-∑mcpw A\-h[n D≠m-bn-cp∂ t]mse ]e i{Xp-°fpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ^e-߃ Xqßn \n¬°p∂ amhn-t∑-em-Wt√mIt√dv h∂p hogp-I. Aßns\ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkns‚ {]hrØn-Iƒ°v]mc- sh-bv°p-∂-hcpw, Xncp-ta\nbpsS bi- n\v `wKw hcp-Øp-hm≥ {hXsa-SpØvIgn--h-cp-ambn Iptd-t∏-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Bÿm-\-amb ]Ø-\w-Xn-´-bnepw Nne {]ap-J-∑mcpsS iey-߃ kln-t°-≠-Xmbn h∂n-´p-≠v. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Xnf-ßp∂ t\´-ß-fn¬ Akqb ]q≠m-bn-cp∂p AhcpsSshdn-°q-Øp-Iƒ. sa{Xm-®≥ Ah-cpsS Ip’nX {]hrØn-I-fn¬ ZpxJn-°p-Itbm, {]Xn-Imc \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°tbm sNbvXn-√. Bsc-nepwAXn-s\-°p-dn®v kqNn-∏n-®m¬ ""Leave It; AXp hnt´-bv°p ˛ Akq-bbv°pw,Ij≠n°pw acp-∂n-s√∂v tI´n-´nt√?'' CXm-bn-cp∂p {]Xn-I-cWw.Aßn-s\bn-cns° Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ Znhm≥ k¿ kn. ]n. cma-kzman Aø¿]Ø-\w-Xn´ kµ¿in-°m≥ hcp-s∂∂p tI´p. kn. ]n. bv°p A©p h¿jwIqSn HutZym-KnI ÿm\w \o´n-°n-´n-b-Xn¬ A\p-tam-Zn-°p-hm-\mWv ]Ø-\w-Xn-´-bn¬ tbmKw IqSn-b-Xv. 1931- ˛-emWv k¿ kn. ]n. cma-kzman Aøsc{io NnØn-c- Xn-cp-∂mƒ alm-cm-Pmhv D]-tZ-jvSm-hmbn \nb-an-®-Xv. k¿apl-ΩZv l_n-_p-≈-bm-bn-cp∂p A∂v Znhm≥. 1936- ˛¬ Znhms‚ DtZymK

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 109Imemh[n Ah-km-\n-°m-dm-bn-cp∂p. A[n-Iw Xma-kn-bmsX At±lwcmPn shbv°p-Ibpw kn. ]n. B ÿm\-tØ°v \nb-an-X-\m-Ip-IbpwsNbvXp. Aßns\ kn. ]n. Znhm-\m-bn, GI—{Xm-[n-]-Xn-sb-t∏mse `cn®phc-sh-bmWv Imem-h[n \o´n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. ]pØ≥Imhv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsSi{Xp-]m-f-b-Øn-ep≈ hcmWv Znhm\v kzoI-cWw sImSp-°m≥ ap≥ssIsb-Sp-ØXv.am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv ]Ø-\w-Xn´ `{Zm-k-\m-ÿm-\-hpw,kvIqfpw a‰pw ]Wn-bn® tij-amWv {Kma-{]-tZ-i-am-bn-cp∂ ]Ø-\w-Xn-´bv°v Hcp DW¿∆pw, hnI-k-\hpw, ]cn-jvIm-chpw ssIh-∂-Xv. F√m\√ kwcw-`߃°pw kl-I-c-Whpw, t{]m’m-l-\hpw sImSpØpt]m∂Xncp-ta-\nsb Hgn-hm°n hntZ-in-bmb bqen-tbmkv sa{Xm-s\-bmWvSu¨lm-fn¬ tNcp∂ ktΩf\Øn\v kwLm-S-I¿ £Wn-®-Xv. \m´p-Imsc√mwÿesØØn bn-´p-≠v. Znhm≥ DSs\ BK-X-\m-Ipw. BImw£\nd- P\-XXn tdmUns‚ Ccp-h-ihpw Xnßn \ndv \n¬°p-∂p.Znhms\ kzoI-cn-∏m≥ kwLm-SIcpw bqen-tbmkv sa{Xm\pw tdmUns‚Ing°p hiw tN¿∂mWv \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv. {]tXyIw £Wn-®n-cp-∂n-s√-nepw ]Ø \w-Xn-´-bnse Hcp ]u-c≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬ am¿ ]oe-Ivknt\mkvAhnsS k∂n-ln-X-\m-bn-. bqen-tbmkpw kwLm-S-Icpw \n¬°p-∂-Xns‚ FXn¿ h-iØv kzev]w amdn Ipd®p t]tcmSp IqSn Xncp-ta-\nbpw \√ Hcp ]qam-ebpw Icp-Xn \n∂p. k¿ kn. ]n. bpsS sImSn-h®henb Nh¿e‰v Im¿ AXm hcp-∂p. ImWn-Iƒ Blvfm-Z-`-cn-X-cm-bn. Su¨lmfns‚ t\sc apºn¬ Im¿ h∂p \n∂p. ]pØ≥Imhv Xncp-ta\nX¬£Ww apt∂m´v sN∂p kn. ]n. sb lmc-a-Wn-bn®p kzoI-cn-®p. Znhm≥BlvfmZNnØ-\m-bn. ]p©n-cn®psIm≠p Xncpta\n-bpsS ssI ]nSn®pIpep-°n. ""Very glad to meet your Grace” F∂p ]dv k¿ kn. ]n. bpwsa{Xm-®\pw Su¨ lmfn-te°v \S-∂p. At∂cw AhnsS D≠mbXn°nepw Xnc-°nepw XpS¿∂p-≠mb KXm-K-X-°p-cp-°nepw t]meo-kns‚hne-°nepw, Znhms\ £Wn® "alm∑m¿°v' kn. ]n. bpsS ASpsØ-Øm≥ Ign-n-√. am¿ bqen-tbmkv ame-bn-Sm≥ Ign-bmsX hnj-Æ-\mbn\n∂p. CXn-\Iw kn. ]n. bpw ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kpw- Su¨ lm-fnse tÃPnt\mSvASp-°m-dmbn. BsI Xnc-°mWv. kn. ]n. sb £Wn® kwLm-S-I¿°pw Ah¿ sI´n-sb-gp-∂-≈n®psIm≠p h∂ bqen-tbmkv sa{Xm\pwZnhm-t\msSm∏w Su¨ lmfn-te°v Ib-dm≥ Ign-n-√. tÃPn¬ Ibdnbk¿. kn. ]n., am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kn-t\mSv sXm´-SpØ Itk-c-bn¬Ccn-°m≥ Xmev]-cy-s∏-´p. Ipi-em-t\z-j-W-߃ \SØn. k¿ kn. ]n.bpw, sIm®pXncp-ta-\nbpw Ccp-∂p. kzmK-X-Km\w ]mSm≥ aq∂p s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ tÃPn¬ Ib-dn-°-gn-p. am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv \m´n¬ hnZym-`ymkw{]N-cn-∏n-°m-\mbn ]pXn-b, ]pXnb kvIqfp-Iƒ XpS-ßp-∂Xv Znhms‚ {i≤bn¬s]´n-cp-∂p. am{X-a√ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Cw•o-jn-ep≈ AKm[

110 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv⁄m\hpw Znhm≥Pnsb Aº-c-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. k¿. kn. ]n. cma-kzman AøcpsSaXn∏v ]nSn®p ]‰nb A]q¿∆w {InkvXob aX-ta-e-≤y-£-∑m-cn¬Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂p am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv.k¿. kn.- ]n. Imcy-]-cn-]mSn Fgp-Xnb IS-em-kn-te°v H∂v ItÆm-Sn-®p. {]mkw-Kn-I-cpsS ]´n-I-bn¬ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkns‚ t]¿ D≠m-Ipsa-∂mWvZnhm≥ Icp-Xn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. At±lw {i≤m-]q¿∆w t{]m{Kmwhmbn®p t\m°n. AXn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t]cn√! Znhm≥ sXm´-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-tbmSv ]Xps° tNmZn®p.Is there not Bishop’s speech?They have not included my name.Why?They do not want me.Who are they?Advocate ........ and his friends.-kNn-thm-Ø-as‚ apJw Id-°p-∂Xv lmfn-en-cn-°p-∂-h¿ icn°pwI≠p. At±lw tIm´ns‚ t]m°-‰n¬ \n∂v kz¿Æ Iym∏p≈ ]m¿°¿t]\ hen-®qcn FSpØv t{]m{Kmw Fgp-Xnb IS-em-kn¬ Speech by MarPhiloxenos F∂v Ipdn-®p.kzmK-X-am-iw-kn® Bƒ ]e t]cp-Ifpw \nc-Øn-sb-nepw am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkns‚ t]¿ Hgn-hm-°m≥ {]tXyIw {i≤n-®p. {]kwKw {i≤sh®p tI´psIm≠n-cp∂ k¿. kn. ]n. {]kwKw aXn-bm-°m≥ t]mIp∂kzmK-X-°m-c-t\mSv kzev]w Ku-c-h-Øn¬ tNmZn-®p. ""Don’t you knowBishop Mar Philoxenos is also sitting on the platform.”AtXmsS kzmKXw ]d Bƒ ]cp-ßn. Abm-fmsI hnf¿Øpt]mbn. sX√p Pmfy-tØmsS am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkn\pw kzmKXw Biwkn-®p.tI´n-cn-°p-∂-h-cpsS apJØv Hcp aµ-lmkw h∂p ad-p.am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kns\bmWv BZyw {]kw-Kn-°p-hm≥ Znhm≥Pn£Wn-®-Xv. B "knwl-°p´n' Itk-c-bn¬ \n∂v NmSn FWo‰v Cßs\{]kwKw XpS-ßn. “Dynamic vigour of Sir. C. P. Ramaswamy Iyer has putTravancore on the map of India.”lmfn¬ kqNn \neØp hoWm¬ tIƒ°p∂ \ni_vZX. P\-ß-ƒXncp-ta-\n-bpsS hmKvt≤m-cWn XnI®pw Bkz-Zn®p. Ac aWn-°q¿ sa{Xm-®≥ sNbvX D{K≥ {]kwKw hoUn-tbm-hn¬ ]I¿Øm-\p≈ kwhn-[m\wA∂v C√msX t]mbt√m! AXy-[nIw k¥p-jvS-\mb kNn-thm-Ø-a≥sIm®pXncp-ta\ntbmSv hnS-hmßpw ap≥]v Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv hcp-tºmƒku-Icyw In´p-tºm-sg√mw Xs∂ I≠nt´ t]mImhq F∂v ho≠pw ho≠pwkvt\l-]q¿∆w ]d-p.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 11121HmXd Zb-dm-bpsS inev]nk`bv°v i‡n ]I-cm≥ Zbdm {]ÿm-\-Øn\v Ign-bp-sa∂v am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv ASn-bp-d®v hniz-kn-®p. ae-ck`-bnse Hmtcm `{Zm-k-\-Ønepw Zb-dm-Iƒ hf¿∂phc-W-sa∂v At±lw AXn-bmbn B{K-ln-®p.Zbdm XpS-ßp-hm≥ ÿehpw, sI´n-S-hpw, Nne-hn∂p hkvXp-°fpw Xcm≥Ign-hpw, a\-ÿn-Xn-bp-ap≈ [\m-Vy-cmb k`m-kvt\-ln-I-fp-ambn Xncp-ta\nkº¿°-Øn-te¿s∏´p h∂p. Aßs\ sa{Xm-®≥ kao-]n-®-h-cn¬ Hcmfm-bn-cp∂ptXm´p-]p-dØv ‰n. sI. Ae-Ivkm-≠¿. Zbdm {]ÿm\w ae-ck`-bn¬ hf¿Øn FSp-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn B k`m kvt\ln 1943- ˛¬HmX-d-bn¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`bv°v Zm\-ambn \¬Inb Htc-°¿ ]Xnaq∂psk‚ v ÿeØv Hcp Nm∏-epw, ASp-°-fbpw, aq∂p apdn-I-fp-ap≈Hcp sI´n-Shpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. aq∂p dºm≥am¿ AhnsS Xma-kn®v Hcpk\ym-km-{iaw ]Sp-Øp-b¿Ø-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p Zm\w sNbvX k`m`‡s‚ B{K-lw. ]pØ≥Imhp Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS I¿Ω-Ip-i-e-Xbnepw,{]h¿Ø\ sshZ-Kv≤y-Ønepw hniz-kn-®mWv At±lw AXv Zm\w sNbvX-Xv. Xncp-h-√m-bv°pw, sNß-∂q-cn\pw at≤y sNß-∂q-cn¬ \n∂v A©pssa¬hS°p Ing-°mbn hc-´m-dn\p kao-]-ap≈ HmXd {Kma-{]-tZ-i-ØmWvZbdm ÿnXn sNøp-∂-Xv. 1944- ˛¬ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kns‚ A{im¥]cn-{i-a-^-e-ambn Zbdm Bcw-`n-°m≥ Ign-p. HutK≥ am¿ Xotam-Øntbm-kv,]mºmSn am¿ {KntKm-dn-tbm-kv, Koh¿Kokv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kv,Ae-Ivkn-tbmkv am¿ tXthm-tZm-kn-tbmkv F∂n-h-cpsS kl-I-c-WtØmsS]. _t -en-tbmkv Koh¿Kokv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm,Zb-dm-bpsS IqZm-i-bpw, \ma-I-c-Whpw \n¿∆-ln-®p. Aßs\ HmXd sk‚ vtPm¿Pv Zbd cq]-sa-SpØp.Zb-dm-s°-´n-S-hpw, Nm∏epw a‰p-ambn Fnepw AhnsS Xma-kn®v ssZhm-{i-b-tØmsS the sNøphm≥ k∑-\- p-≈-hsc Is≠-Ø-W-a-s√m. CXn-\mbn am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xnc-®n¬ XpS-ßn. ]Ø\wXn´ t_kn¬sshZnI tImf-Pn¬ hnZym¿∞n-bmb tijw I¬°-´-bn¬ t]mbn ]Tn®vBbnsS Xncn-s®-Ønb ^m. C. amXyqkv A®≥ (C-t∏m-gsØ amXyqkvZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm) ]‰nb Bfm-sW∂v Xncp-ta-\n°v tXm∂n.amXyqkv A®≥ HmXd Zb-dm-bn¬ h∂p s]´Xpw AhnsS Pohn-®-XpambNcn{Xw Ic-f-en-bn-°p∂ IY-bm-Wv. ]. _mhm Xs∂ B ImcywtcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xn-\m¬ AX-ßs\ Xs∂ ]I¿Øp-∂p. Dt∏mfwhcn-√t√m D∏n-en-´-Xv. _mhm Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS kz¥w hm°p-I-fm-b-Xn-\m¬

112 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvAXv hmbn-°p-∂-Xn-ep≈ B¿÷hw hmb-\-°m¿°v \jvS-s∏-S-cp-sX∂vIcp-Xn-bmWv B samgn-Iƒ Xs∂ Ipdn-°p-∂-Xv. B AXyp-∂X alm-Nmcy≥IS∂ph∂ XymK-Øns‚ s]m≈p∂ ]mX-Iƒ k`m a°ƒ H∂vAdnncn-°p-∂Xpw \√-Xm-Wv:""AXpIgn-mWv (_n-j∏vkv tImf-Pnse ]T-\w) Rm≥ HmXd Zbdm-bn¬h∂-Xv. AXn\pw F\n°v hfsc am¿§X-S- -߃ D≠mbn. ho´n¬A∏-®≥ am{Xw. Rm\mWv a°-fn¬ aqØ-h≥. Cfb c≠p ktlm-Z-cnam¿hnhm-ln-X-cm-bn. hkvXp-°ƒ c≠p ÿe-Øpw. Dt±iw ap∏Xp ssa¬AI-ew. hml\ kuI-cy-an-√m-bn-cp∂ A°m-eØv AXv henb AI-eam-bn-cp-∂p.A∏-®s‚ XmXv]-cyw ho´n¬ Rm≥ Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw, AhnsS-bp≈Imcy-߃ At\z-jn-°p-Ibpw Ipp-ß-fpsS Imcyw t\m°p-Ibpw sNø-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp-∂p. IqSp-X¬ \ne-ap≈ IS-º-\m-´v, A∏-®≥t]mbn Xma-kn-°m-sa∂pw Nn¥n-®p. As√-n¬ A∏-®≥ ho´n¬ Xma-kn-°pw, Rm≥ IS-º-\m´p t]mI-Wsa-∂m-bn. CS-h-I-°m-cpsS t{]c-W-bmWv]´w G¬°p-hm≥ ssZhw D]-tbm-Kn® am¿§w. s]cn-\mSv ]≈n \S-Ø-Wsa∂v Ah-cpw. A∏-®s‚ \n¿_‘w IqSp-X¬. AXn-t\-°mƒ CS-h-I-°m-cpw. IpSpw_w \in-°p-sa∂v A∏-®-\pw. CS-hI t]mIp-sa∂v CS-h-I-°m-cpw. Fs‚ ]T\w Ignp Rm≥ tIm´bw hgn-bmWp h∂-Xv. ]._mhm Xncp-ta\n (_-t -en-tbmkv Koh¿Kokv ZznXo-b≥) tIm´-bØp]gbskan-\m-cn-bn-ep-≠v. Rm≥ Xncp-ta-\nsb I≠p. At∏mƒ Ft∂mSpI¬∏n-®p. ""X\n-°n-cn-°m≥ Rm≥ Hcp ÿew {Ia-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠p h∂tX-bp-≈q.Xm≥ DSs\ Atßm´p s]mbvs°m-≈-Ww.'' HmXd Nm∏-ens‚IqZmi Ignn´v ct≠m, aqt∂m Znh-kta Bbn-cp-∂p-≈q. tXthm-tZmtkymkvXncp-ta\n I¬∏n-®n-cp∂p Rm≥ \m´n¬ h∂n´v Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-Sm-tem-Nn-®n´p am{Xta Fs¥-nepw tPmen kzoI-cn-°mhq F∂v. Bhnhcw Rm≥ _mhm-tbmSv DW¿Øn-®-t∏mƒ _mhmbv°v CjvS-am-bn-√.tIm]n®p: ""Rm≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xn-\-∏p-d-amtWm sa{Xm-®≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Rm\mcm,sa{Xm-®-\mcm?'' F∂p tNmZn-®p. ""Xncp-ta\n Iev]n-°p-∂Xp- t]msesNbvXpsIm≈m-sa∂p'' ]d--t∏mƒ _mhm kwXr-]vX-\mbn. A\p{Klwhmßn t]mcp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xncn®pt]mcp-tºmƒ _tY-en-en-dßn.sIm®pXncp-ta-\nsb I≠p. Xncp-ta-\nbpw HmX-d-t∏m-Ip∂ Imcyw I¬∏n®p.""A®≥ HmX-d-t∏mbn I≠p t]mcW'' sa∂v ]dp. Rm≥ DW¿Øn-®p. ""t]mbn-°m-W-W-sa-∂n√ A{_lmw ]pd-s∏-´-Xp-t]mse t]mIm≥Xøm-dm-Wv'' F∂v. A∂v CsX√mw ssZh-hm-Iy-am-sW∂v Rm≥ ]q¿Æambnhniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p. k`-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ am\p-jnI Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Adn-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. k`-bn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-amsc Hgn®v Bscbpw]cn-N-b-hp-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. `c-W-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ ]cn-N-b-an-√. Np°m≥ ]nSn-°p∂ ]´-°m-sc-bpw, Aflm-b-°m-scbpw Adn-hn-√. kJm-bn-sb-t∏mse

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 113Hfn-®n-cp∂p I¿Øm-hns\ ImWp-hm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂ Hcp ]mh-s∏-´-h≥F∂-√msX H∂p-an-√. C∂p temI-Øn¬ ImWp∂ Hfn®pIfn-Ifpw kw`h-߃°n-S-bn¬]mØpw ]Xp-ßnbpw InS-°p∂ Imcy-ßfpw Nn¥-bn-en-√msX t]mIp∂ Hcp hy‡n. Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSp bm{X ]dp s]´nbpwkm[-\-ß-fp-ambn ho´n-seØn. ho´n¬ F√m-h¿°pw kt¥m-j-am-bn. A∏-®\p IqSp-X¬ kt¥m-j-am-bn. CS-h-I-°m¿°p kt¥m-j-ambn. F∂m¬`mhn Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn®p ]d--t∏mƒ A∏-®\pw CS-h-I-°m¿°pw ]nW-°-am-bn. _mhm Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sS-bpw, sIm®pXncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw I-ev]-\-Iƒ apdbv°p hcp-∂p. tXthm-tZm-tkym-kv Xncp-ta-\n°p Rm≥ _Y-\nbn¬tNc-W-sa-∂m-{K-l-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu IY-sb√mw tI´-t∏mƒ Xncpta-\n°pwA¬]w \oc-k-ap-≠m-bn. Rm≥ hfsc hnj-an-®p. ho´nse ÿnXn]cn-Xm-]-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. Pohn-°m\pw A[n-I-hp-ap≈ kml-N-cy-ß-fp-≠v.t\m°m≥ Bfn-√. CXmWv ho´nse {]bm-kw. Rm≥ hfsc Ipg-ßn.ho´n¬ \n∂p hn´n-d-ßp-hm≥ hfsc {]bm-k-am-bn. Ah-km\w A∏-®t\mSvCßs\ ]d-bp-hm-\n-S-bm-bn. ""Xncp-ta-\n-am¿ t]mI-W-sa∂p I¬∏n-°p-∂p. A∏-®≥ Fs∂ XS-bp-∂p. ssZhw apI-fn¬ \n∂p Xncp-ta-\nam¿°pw,A∏-®\pw Rm≥ C√m-sb∂p I≠mtem?'' Fs‚ c≠p ktlm-Z-c-ß-fpsS acWw Ign-m-Wn-Xv. ssZhIr]-bn¬ hnizm-k-hpw, ssZhsØ`bhpw D≠m-bn-cp∂ Fs‚ ]nXmhv Ipsd kabw H∂pw ]d-bmsX \n›-e-\mbn \n∂n´v ""A®s‚ CjvSw t]mse sNbvXp sIm≈p-I. Rm≥ C\nXS- -a-√. `h-\-Im-cy-߃ F√mw IqSn t\m°p-hm≥ Fs∂-s°m≠p km[ya-√.Hcp ÿesØ hkvXp-°ƒ Rm≥ X≈n-°-f-bpw. IpSpw_w XI-cpw.AXmWv ssZh CjvS-sa-n¬ Aß-s\-bm-Is´'' F∂p ]d-p.A∏-®≥ Fs∂-°p-dn-®p≈ πm\pw, ]≤-Xnbpw F√mw Dt]-£n-®p.hfsc a\-kvXm-]-am-bn. AXv Fs‚ lrZ-b-Ønepw hfsc thZ\ Df-hm-°n. Rm\pw t]mbn hfsc Ic-p. Rm≥ A∂p t]m∂n-√. A∏-®s\kt¥m-jn-∏n-°p-hm-\pw, ho´n-ep≈ Fs‚ Cfb ktlm-Z-c-ßsf Bizkn-∏n-°p-hm\pwkt¥m-jn-∏n-°p-hm\pw Bthmfw {ian-®p. ImcWw Rm≥Fhn-tS-bv°mWv t]mIp-∂Xv?, F¥n-\mWv t]mIp-∂Xv? B s\Spw-t]m-°ns\ kw_-‘n®v Rm≥ A¬∏-sa-nepw t_m[-hm-\m-bn-cp-∂p. aq∂mwZnhkw Fs‚ km[-\-ß-sf√mw s]dp-°n-s°-´n. ho´n¬ Rm≥ cl-kyambn{]m¿∞n-°p-hm-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Hcp sNdnb Ncn∏p apdn-bp-≠v.AXn¬ t]mbn {]m¿∞n-®p. C∂m-Wv F\n°v t]mtI-≠-Xv F∂-dn-bm-ambn-cp-∂p.AXn-\p≈ kml-Ncyw t\csØ CW-°n-bn-cp-∂p. ASp-Øp≈ho´p-Im¿ h∂p-tN¿∂p. F√m-hcpw hnIm-c-`-cn-X-cm-bn. Rm≥ `£WwIgn-°m≥ t]mbn. Xncn®p h∂v A∏-®s‚ Im¬°¬ hoWp ]mZw apØn.A∏-®s‚ ssI Fs‚ Xe-bn¬ sh®v A\p-{Klw hmßn. \ne-hn-fn-tbmSpIqSn F√m-hcpw tN¿∂v Fs∂ bm{X Ab-®p. Rm\pw \ne-hn-fn®p bm{X

114 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv]d-p. Hcp acWho´nse A\p-`-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXv Fs∂ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw hfsc icn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\ Cd-ßn-t∏m-∂-Xm-Wv. HmXdZb-dm-bn¬ h∂p Xmakw XpS-ßn.''Hcp-hn[w kpJ-ambn Pohn-°m-\p≈ kmº-ØnI tijn D≈ hoSm-bncp∂pamXyqkv A®-t‚-Xv. F√m kpJ-ku-I-cy-ßfpw Dt]-£n®v _mhmXncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw hm°p-IƒtI´v amXyqkv A®≥ as‰m∂pw Nn¥n-°msX Cd-ßn-t∏m-cn-I-bmWv D≠mb-Xv.HmXd Zb-dm-bn¬ Hcp Znhkw sshIp-t∂-c-tØmSp IqSn A®≥hs∂Øn. IjvS-∏m-Sns‚ ]m\-]m-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p AhnsS A®s\ ImØvCcp-∂-Xv. F¥pw kln-°p-hm≥ Xøm-dm-bn-´m-bn-cp-∂p B bph sshZn-I≥ AhnsS Imse-SpØp h®-Xv. C√m-bvabpw, h√m-bvabpw A®s\Xf¿Øm≥ ]cym-]vX-am-bn-√. F√mw ssZh-Øn¬ A¿∏n®v amXyqkv A®≥HmXd Zb-dm-bn¬ Acn-jvSn®v Ign BZy \mfp-Iƒ GsXmcp a\pjya\-n-s\bpw \Sp-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ico-c-Øn¬ Poh≥ ]nSn®p\n¿Øm≥th≠ Blmcw Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS B Zb-dm-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂ ]c-am¿∞w k`-bn¬ F{X t]¿ Adn-n-´p-≠mIpw? F√mwssZhw t\m°n-s°m-≈p-sa∂ ASn-bp-d® hnizm-k-Øn¬ C{]-Imcw HcpsImSpwkml-k-Øn\p apXn-cm≥ amXyq-k-®-\-√msX thsd Bsc In´m≥?"HmXd Zb-dm-bnse kXym-t\z-jW ]co-£-Iƒ' F∂ t]cn¬ {]kn≤kmln-Xy-Im-c-\m-bn-cp∂ tUm. kmap-h¬ Nµ-\-∏≈n Fgp-Xnb teJ-\-Øn¬ \n∂v A¬]w D≤-cn-°p-∂p (t]Pv 51):""PohnXcoXn-bpw, am¿§hpw {]bm-k-sa∂p I≠v ]ecpw AhnsS (Hm-Xd Zb-dm-bn¬) hcm≥ hnk-ΩXw Im´n. Nne-scms° AhnsS hs∂-nepw ASpØ Znhkw AXn-t\mSp hnS-]-d-p. ]pØ≥Im-hn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-°m-bn-cp∂p Zb-dm-bpsS Npa-X-e. A¿l-\mb Hcp hy‡n-°p-th≠nt\m°n-∏m¿Øn-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv amXyqkv A®s‚ hc-hv.HmXd Zb-dm-bpsS Npa-Xe amXyqkv A®s\ G¬∏n®psIm≠v Iev]\ssIam-dn. F∂n´v C{X IqSn ]d-p: ""c≠p\mgn Acn-bn¬ IqSp-X¬sNe-hm-°-cp-Xv. Fhn-sS-sb-nepw t]mbn ]ncn®p Pohn®p sIm≈-Ww.A∂-∂sØ IW-s°-gpXn kq£n®v Fs∂ ImWn-°Ww.'' F√mwamXyqkv A®≥ kΩ-Xn-®p........ -Hm-Xd Zb-dm-bn¬ {hX{Xb-Ønse Zmcn{Zyw Xo¿Øpw ]men-®n-cp-∂p. ImcWw `£n-°m-s\m-∂p-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. ]e-t∏mgpw sImSpw ]´nWn.N° Iq´m-\pw, Im¥m-cn-®-Ω-¥n-bpw, Np°p sh≈hpw apJy Blm-c-ambn-Øo¿∂p.s\√-cn-bpsS Blmcw s]mXpsh Cs√∂p ]dbmw. an°t∏mgpw_Pdm In IpSn®v Xr]vXn-s∏Spw. Zbdm hmkn-I-fm-Im≥ h∂h¿IqSp-t]-£n®p t]mbn. kn. hn. amXyp Xpº-a¨, Fw. C. CSn-°pf{]°m\w XpS-ßnbh¿ Chn-SsØ At¥-hm-kn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 115N°-bpw, I∏bpw Ign®p ico-c-Øns‚ imeo-\X \jvS-s∏-SpI am{Xa√\ocp ]nSn-°pI IqSn sNbvXp. F∂n´pw amXyq-k-®≥ {hX-Øn\vAbhp hcp-Øn-bn-√. Hcn°¬ ]nXmhv Zb-dm-bnseØn. aIs‚ cq]w I≠vB ]nXmhv CS-s\©p s]m´n°cp t]mbn. ho´n-te°p t]mIm≥ hnfn-®p. ""C√. Chn-sS-°n-S∂p NØmepw hcn-√.'' aIs‚ adp-]-Sn. A∏≥ ZpxJnX-\mbn aS-ßn.shfp-∏n\v 4 aWn°v Fgp-t∂¬°p∂ amXyqkv A®≥ {]m¿∞-\bv°ptijw `mc-ap≈ Iq¥men ssIbn-se-Sp-°pw. A≤zm-\-Øns‚ BflobkpJw A\p-`-hn-°pw. hnb¿t∏msS A∏w `£n-°pw. F∂n´pw Zb-dm-bnseZmcn{Zyw hn´p-am-dn-bn-√. Zmcn{Zyw ]nSn-ap-dp°pwtXmdpw Zb-dm-bnse Ipin-\n-bpsS hS-°p-h-iØp \n¬°p∂ πmhn¬ N° IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ D≠mbn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂XvamXyqkv A®≥ kt¥m-j-tØmsS t\m°n-°-≠p.HmXd Zb-dm-sb-°p-dn®v Adn ]ecpw kµ¿i-\-Øn-\mbn AhnsSFØn. Ip‰n-°-≠-Øn¬ sI. kn. tXmakv (C-t∏mƒ tXmakv am¿ a°mdn-tbmkv˛ Ata-cn-°) Hcp k‘ybv°v Zb-dm-bn-se-Øn. {]m¿∞-\bv°ptijw Ipi-em-t\z-j-Ww. ""k‘ybv°p tNmdpw Inbpw A√msX a‰ph√Xpw Ign®p ]cn-N-b-apt≠m?'' amXyqkv A®≥ Bcm-p. ""C√'' F∂padp-]-Sn.At∏mƒ A®≥ ]dp. ""Ipt, C∂v ChnsS In-bpw, tNmdpsam-∂p-an-√.Hcp AXnYn hcp-sa-∂-dn-n-cp-s∂-n¬ Ipd®p Acntbmh√Xpw Icp-Xm-am-bn-cp-∂p. C∂p R߃°p _Pdm In-bm-Wv AØmgw.''F¥m-bmepw AXv A®-t\m-sSm∏w tXma-kv Ign-®p. ASpØ Znhkwcmhnse D]-hm-k-am-bn-cp-∂p. Acn-bn-√m-n-t´m, D]-hmk Znh-k-am-bn-cpt∂mF∂v tXma-kn\v kwi-b-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. D®-`-£-WsØ∏‰n A®≥t\csØ ap∂-dn-bn∏p sImSp-Øp. Zb-dm-bnse {]kn-≤-amb πmhv Nq≠n-°m´n amXyqkv A®≥ ]d-p. ""Koh-dp-Kokv klZm I\nv Cu h¿jwIpsd N° Imbn-®n-´p-≠v. C∂sØ D®-`-£Ww N°-bm-Wv.'' Aßs\B cwKw Ah-km-\n-®p.Hcp kµ¿`-Øn¬ ]Ø-\w-Xn´ ImtXm-en-t°‰v tImf-Pns‚ [\-ti-Jc-Wm¿∞wk©-cn-°-th, sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏n-f-bpw, Ce-n-°¬tPm¨ ^oen-t∏mkpw (ap≥ Xncp- ˛ -sIm®n a{¥n) Zb-dm-bn¬ Ib-dn. D®\a-kv°m-c-Øn\p tijw `£-W-ta-i-bpsS Acn-In-se-Øn. A®s‚ \n¿t±im-\p-k-cWwD≈ In Du‰n tNmdv tai-ta¬ sIm≠ph®n-cp-∂p.tNmdns‚ cq]-t`Zw I≠-t∏mƒ Ah¿°v Imcyw a\- n-em-bn. Acnhmßm≥ \nhr-Øn-bn-√msX Hcp bphsshZn-I≥ Ign-bp∂ Ahÿ a\-n-em-°nb C. tPm¨ ^oen-t∏mkv ]d-p. ""A®≥ hnj-an-t°≠,sImbvØp Ign-bp-tºmƒ Rß-fpsS \nc-Ww, hob-]pcw, taev]mSw tZiß-fn-te°vBsc-sb-nepw Ab-bv°p-I. Bh-iy-ap≈ s\√p In´pw.''

116 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvASpØ h¿jw apX¬ A®≥ Xs∂ B {]tZ-iØp t]mbn s\¬∏ncnhp\S-Øn. h¿jw tXmdpw AXp XpS¿∂p. Zb-dm-bn¬ AwK-ß-fmbntNcp-∂-hsc s\¬∏n-cn-hn\p hnSpI ]Xn-hm-bn-Øo¿∂p.''Zb-dm-bpsS Hcp aq∂mw Hm¿U-dmbn {]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ "Associates ofSt. George Dayara - bpsS Hcp hnti-jm¬ tbmKw h¿jw tXmdpw \S-∂ncp-∂p.Zb-dm-bnse `£W Zmcn{Zyw N¿®m-hn-j-b-am-bn. amXyqkv A®-\pw Ahn-sS-bp-≠v. A≤y-£-\mb ]pØ≥Im-hn¬ Xncp-ta\n A®s\ ASnapSnH∂p t\m°n. ISpØ imk\mhm°p-Iƒ B \mhn¬ \n∂psXdn®phoWp. ""Xm≥ Cu sNbvXXv ISpwssI At√? F¥p sIm≠vCu hnhcw Fs∂ Adn-bn-®n√? Xs∂ Rm≥ ChnsS hnfn®p sIm≠ph∂p sIm√n®p F∂p ]d-bm-\n-S-bm-Int√?'' Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS IÆp-I-ƒ\nd-p. IÆp-\o¿ Xp≈n-Iƒ AS¿∂p Ip∏m-b-Øn¬ hoWp. At±lwho≠pw amXyqkv A®s\ t\m°n. B cq]w A{X I≠p timjn-®n-cp-∂p.t\mºp- Im-eØv k‘y hsc D]-hm-kw. t\mºp hoSn-bmepw Zb-dm-bn¬`£WImcy-߃°p henb am‰-an-√ (`-£-W-ap-≠m-bn´p tht≠ am‰w).icocw apgp-h≥ \ocv, Nndn-Iƒ shSn®p Iodn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. IÆp-Iƒ c≠pwD≈n-te°p henp XmWn-cn-°p-∂p. cq]w BsI-°qSn hnfdn shfp-Øp. Poh-I-ß-fpsS A`mhw B ico-csØ BsI hnIr-X-am-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ic-߃ t]mep≈ hm°p-Iƒ tI´n´pw amXyqkvA®≥ A\-ßp-∂n-√. \ni-_vZ-\mbn \ne-sIm-≠p.''HmXd Zb-dm-bn-ep≈ Xs‚ BZy-Im-e- hm-k-sØ-°p-dn®v amXyqkv ZznXob≥ImtXm-en°m _mhm Xs∂ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xp t\m°mw:""HmXd Zb-dm-bn-ep≈ Xmakw Bflo-b-ambn hfsc em`-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p.imco-cn-I-ambn hfsc t¢i-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. BtcmSpw H∂pw ISw hmßmsXIgn-b-Wsa-∂p≈ a\-ÿnXn sIm≠v Imcy-amb hcp-am-\-an-√msX B{iaw]e-t∏mgpw `£-Wan-√msX Ign-bp-hm-\n-S-bm-°n-bn-´p≠v. tcmKw Hcp hn´p-]n-cn-bm-°q-´mbn Xo¿∂n-´p-≠v. \ΩpsS skan-\m-cn-bnse ]´n-Iƒ kp`n-£-ambn `£n®p Ign-bp-tºmƒ HmXd A®≥ Zmcn-{Zy-Øn-epw, {]bm-k-Øn-epw, ]´n-Wn-bnepw Ignp IqSn. F∂m¬ Bfp-Iƒ Adn-bp-hm≥XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ At\Iw t]cpsS ZbmZrjvSn B ÿm]-\-Øn≥ta¬]Xn-bp-Ibpw ]e-cp-sSbpw t{]m’m-l-\-߃°p hnt[-b-am-Ip-IbpwsNbvXp. AwK-߃ D≠m-Im≥ XpSßn. Ahsc ]e-tcbpw D∂X hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\v Ab-bvt°≠n h∂p. Ah-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ Bh-iyhpw, Npa-Xebpwh¿≤n-®-t∏mƒ Zb-dmbv°v Atkm-kn-tb‰vkv D≠m-bn. Ah-cpsSkaqlw D≠m-bn. Ah¿ Cu ÿm]-\-Øn\v Xmßpw, XW-ep-ambn hcphm≥XpS-ßn. _e-lo-\-\mb Fs∂ ]ecpw Bflob Imcy-߃°v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ Bcw-`n-®p. [ym\tbmKw, thZ]mT ¢mkv, {]kw-K-߃apX-emb Imcy-߃°v. AwK-ß-fpsS kwJy h¿≤n-®p. R߃ Hcp

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 117kaql-am-bn. Akp-J-ap≈ ]e Bfp-Iƒ AhnsS hcn-Ibpw {]m¿∞-\-I-fn¬ kt-X-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ssZh-Øns‚ A\p-{K-l-߃ Ah-cpsS ta¬A¤p-X-I-c-ambn h¿jn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Ahsc IrX-⁄-XtbmsS\mw kvacn-°p-∂p.ssZh-Øns‚ A¤p-X-I-c-amb hym]m-c-am-bn-cp∂p Rß-fpsSssIapX¬. hfsc Bflm¿∞-am-bpw, `‡n-tbmSpw IqsS-bp≈ PohnXwR߃°-hnsS D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. PmXn-aX t`Z-sa-t\y, I£n-hy-Xym-k-sat\yRßsf F√m-hcpw kvt\ln-®n-cp-∂p; _lp-am-\n-®n-cp∂p. Rß-fpsS`£Ww hfsc eLp-hm-bn-cp-∂p. R߃ underfed Bbn-cp-∂p. F∂n-cp-∂mepw B¿°pw ]cn-`-h-an-√. B¿°pw Hcp {]tXy-I-X-bp-an-√. D≈XpF√m-hcpw tN¿∂p `£n-°p-w, ]m\w sNøpw. InW-‰nse sh≈w hfsc\√-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Xo{h-amb th\-en¬ Ipsd h‰n-t∏m-Ip-sa-nepw RßsfXosc \ncm-i-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂n-√. A∂p Rm≥ Hcp \nc-¥c hmXtcmKnbm-bn-cp-∂p.ImcWw `£-W-Øns‚ Ipd-hm-sW∂v ]n∂oSv F\n°p a\-n-em-bn.''_mhm-bpsS ]gb IZ-\-IY Bscbpw IÆp-\o¿ AWn-bn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Hcn-°¬ 17 Znhkw XpS¿®-bmbn Zb-dm-bpsS hI ÿeØp \n∂ncp∂Hcp πmhnse N°bpw, InW-‰nse sh≈hpw am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn®vA®≥ Poh≥ \ne-\n¿Øn-b-Xmbn hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-ambn Adn-bp-∂p. ae-ck` hI Kn∂ v _p°p t]mse h√ {KŸhpw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-I-bmsW-n¬{]kvXpX {KŸ-Øn¬ Cu hnhcw BZy t]Pn¬ tN¿°Ww.10 sIm√w amXyqkv A®≥ HmXd sk‚ v tPm¿Pv Zbdm A≤y-£-\mbpw,AXns‚ Pohm-flmhpw, ]c-am-flmhpw Bbn-°-gn-p. Htc-°¿ ]Xn-aq∂psk‚ v am{Xw hnkvXo¿Æ-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ Zb-dm-bpsS ÿew amXyqkvA®s‚ ]cn-{iaw sIm≠v At©-°-dmbn h¿≤n-®p. [mcmfw sI´n-S-ßfpw]Wn Ign-∏n-®p.amXyqkv A®s\ I≠p-]n-Sn®v \nb-an-®m-°nb am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kn\pZb-dm-bpsS _lp-ap-J-amb hf¿® I≠v B\-µn-°p-hm≥ CS-bm-bn-√.At∏m-tg°pw Xncp-ta\n Imew sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ktlm-Zc]p{X\pw sNß-∂q¿ `{Zm-k-\m-[n-]-\p-amb tXmakv am¿ AØ-m\mtkym-kns‚Imcy-£-a-amb ta¬t\m-´-ØnemWp Zbdm ]ptcm-K-an®psIm≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv.

118 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv22]≈n-°p-S-ßsfkvt\ln®{][m\mNmcy≥Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m≠v tIc-f-Øn¬ hnZym-`ymk \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ ]Sl-[z\napg-ßnb Ime-L-´-am-bn-cp-∂p. [nj-W-mim-en-I-fmb kap-Zmb ]cnjvI¿Øm-°ƒkwÿm-\ØpS-\ofw hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-߃ ]S-pØpb¿ØntIc-fsØ C¥ybnse G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ hnZym-`ym-k-ap≈ {]tZi-am-°n-Øo¿Ø-p.a∂Øp ]fl-\m-`≥, \mb¿ k¿∆okv skmssk‰n cq]-h¬°-cn®v H´-\-h[n kvIqfpIfpw, tImf-Pp-Ifpw a‰pw ÿm]n-®p. B¿.i¿, Fkv. F≥. Un. ]n. °v t\XrXzw \¬In hfsc tImfPpIfpwsslkvIq-fp-Ifpw a‰p hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ßfpw XpS-ßn. hnZym-`ym-k-Øn¬ ]n∂-Wn-bn¬ \n∂n-cp∂ ae-_m¿ {]tZ-iØv ap…nw kap-Zm-b-°m¿ap…nw FUyp-t°-j-W¬ skmssk-‰n°v cq]w sImSpØv AXns‚ta¬t\m-´-Øn¬ hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-߃ Bcw-`n-®p. {InkvXob k`-Iƒ C°m-cy-Øn¬ hfsc A[nIw ap≥t]m´p t]mbn-cp-∂p. tdma≥ItØm-en°m k`-bnse _nj-∏p-am¿ Ah-cpsS cq]-X-I-fn¬ \nch[nhnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-߃ ÿm]n-®p. I\ymkv{Xo aT-ßfpw, sImth-¥-Ifpw A°m-eØv IqSp-X¬ {]m[m\yw sImSp-ØXv hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-߃ sI´n-∏-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-em-bn-cp-∂p.Cu Ime-L-´-Øn-emWv ]pØ≥Imhv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv ta¬∏-´-°m-c-\mbn A`n-jn-‡-\m-Ip-∂Xv. D∂X hnZym-`ymkw e`n-®n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬Akm-am-\y-amb Zm¿i-\n-I-t_m-[hpw, A]m-c-amb Zo¿L-ho£W NXpc-Xbpwam¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kn\p kzmb-Ø-am-bn-cp-∂p. I¬°´m k¿∆-Iem-im-e-bnsehnZym-`ym-k-hpw, almIhn SmtKm-dns‚ hniz-`m-cXn k¿∆-I-em-imebpam-bp-≠mb \nc-¥c kº¿°hpw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS hn⁄m\Xo£vW-Xsb Bfn-°-Øn-®p. hnZym-`ymk Imcy-ß-fn-ep≈ Xmev]cywsNdp-∏-Ønte B a\- n¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂p Xm\pw. A\p-Iqe-amb Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ B A`n-\n-thiw koam-Xo-X-ambn hf¿∂v hnI-kn°pIbm-bn-cp-∂p. hn⁄m\w sIm≠v _e-hm-\m-IpI F∂ XXzw At±lw apdp-sI-∏n-Sn-®p. Xs‚ k`-bn-sebpw, Xs‚ {]nb-s∏´ \m´n-sebpw P\-ßsf hn⁄cm-°pIF∂ ZuXyw kzbw Gs‰-SpØp. skdm-ºq-cn¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒD∂X hnZym-`ymk hnN-£-W-∑mcp-ambp≠m-bn-cp∂ \nc-¥c kº¿°wAt±-l-Øns‚ a\- n¬ A¥¿-eo-\-am-bn-cp∂ hnZym-`ymk Xmev]-cy-ßsf

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 119hmt\mfw hf¿Øn hn´n-cp-∂p. skdm-ºq¿ tImf-Pns‚ sk\‰v saº-dmbnXnc-s-Sp-°-s∏´ Xncp-ta\n ku-Icyw In´p-tºm-sg√mw sk\‰v ao‰n-ßp-I-fn¬ kw_-‘n®ncp-∂p. \m´nepw CXp-t]msebp≈ D∂X hnZym-`ymk]oT-߃ D≠m-h-W-sa∂v Bin®pt]msb-n¬ AXn¬ AXn-i-bn-∏m-\n√.Ipd®p sIm√w kvIqfn¬ tPmen t\m°n-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ A≤ym-]-\-sa-∂Xv PohnXssien-bmbn amdn-°-gn-n-cp-∂p.ItØm-en°m k`-bnse sa{Xm-∑m-sc-t∏mse kº-Øns‚ apIƒ∏-c-∏n-em-bn-cp-∂n√ Xncp-ta\n Pohn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Xs‚ ]cn-an-X-amb t{kmX- p-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-߃ `{Zm-k-\-Øn¬ ÿm]n-°m≥ap≥ssI-sb-SpØp. Bcm-[-\m-e-b-߃ Ign-m¬ ]ns∂ Xncp-ta\n°vG‰hpw {]nbw-I-c-am-bXv ]≈n-°qS-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ `{Zm-k-\-Øn¬kvIqfp-Iƒ XpS-ßm≥ "kvtIm∏p≈' ÿe-߃ GsXm-s°-bm-sW∂vBZysa I≠p sh®p. ]n∂oSv Ahn-sS-sb√mw ]≈n-°qS-߃ XpS-ßm≥B{im¥ ]cn-{iaw XpS-ßn. kvIqfp-Iƒ XpS-ßm≥ ÿe-tam, sI´nSwsh°m≥ th≠ ]Wtam Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ssIhiw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√ -Xm-\pw. "Acn-a-Wn-sbm∂p sImdn-∏m-\n√; Xcn-hfbn´p Inep-°m≥ tamlw'F∂p ]d t]mse-bm-bn-cp∂p Imcy-߃. ssIbn¬ ]Øp N{Iw(]gb Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ \mW-bw) XnI®v FSp-°p-hm-\n-s√-nepw kvIqfp-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ "kvIoap-Iƒ' a‰p-≈-h-cp-ambn tem`-sat\y N¿® sNøpam-bn-cp-∂p.h√-t∏mgpw ssIbn¬ h∂p s]Sp∂ kwJy apS°n ÿewhmßn®nSpw. apgp-h≥ XpI sImSp-°m≥ Cs√-n¬ ISw ]d-p- \n¿ØnhkvXp FgpXn hmßpw. ssIbn¬ ]Ww hcp∂ apdbv°v sImSpØpXo¿Øv hkvXp Hgp-apdn hmßpw.kvIqƒ sI´nSw ]Wnbpw GXm≠v CXp-t]m-se-bm-bn-cp-∂p. apdn ]Wnbm≥]mI-Øn¬ Xd s\Sp-\o-f-Øn¬ ]Wn-Xn-Spw. AXn¬ Hcp apdn- am{XwX¬°mew ]Wn Xo¿Øp ¢m v XpS-ßpw. ]Ww hcp∂ apd-bv°v a‰papdn-Iƒ Iptds» Iptds»bmbn ]Wn-bpw. Hme-sjÕv sI´n kvIqƒAXn¬ XpS-ßnb Ncn-{Xhpw D≠v. A°m-eØv Ip´n-I-fn¬ \n∂v ^okv]ncn®v In´p∂ XpI -sIm≠v thWw A≤ym-]-I\v iºfw sImSp-°m≥.hc-hpw, sNehpw HØpt]mIm≥ henb {]bm-k-am-bn-cp-∂p. A∂p k¿°mcn¬\n∂p A≤ym-]-I¿°v iºfw sImSp-°p∂ k{º-Zmbw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√-t√m. kvIqƒ \S-Øp-∂Xv H´pw kmº-ØnI t\´w D≠m-°p∂G¿∏mSv Bbn-cp-∂n-√. A≤ym-]-I¿°v amkmZyw iºfw sImSp-°m≥ IgnbmsX]IpXn iºfw BZyw sImSpØv _m°n ISw ]dv \n¿Øp∂kw`-h-ßfpw km[m-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. sI´nSw ]Wn XocmsX C≥kvs]£\vKh¿sΩ-≠n¬ \n∂v DtZym-K-ÿ≥ hcp-tºmƒ ]e kvIqƒ \S-Øn-∏p-Imcpw hnj-an-®p t]mbn-´p-≠v. a∂Øp ]fl-\m-`≥ Idp-I-®m-en¬ kvIqƒXpS-ßn-bn´v At±-l-Øn\v D≠mb A\p-`-h-߃ a∂-Øns‚ Poh-N-cn{X

120 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv{KŸ-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xp ImWmw. kzmX{¥y ka-c-tk-\m-\n-bmbn ]n∂oSv Adn-b-s∏´ sI. tIf-∏s\ sslkvIq-fn¬ slUvam-Ã-dmbn \nb-an®v ae-_m-dn¬ \n∂v Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ sIm≠ph∂p.kvIqƒ sI´nSw ]Wn ]q¿Øn-bm-hmsX ]Wn-sb√mw Ign-s∂v KXy-¥-c-an-√msX dnt∏m¿´v Ab-t°≠n h∂p. ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ C≥kvs]-IvS¿hcp-sa∂v Adn-bn∏p In´nb ]msS Hcp IsØ-gpXn h®v cm{Xn tIf-∏≥ÿew hn´p! CXv a∂Øv ]fl-\m-`-s‚-bpw, F≥. Fkv. Fkn-s‚bpwam{Xw Ncn-{X-a-√. A°m-eØv kvIqƒ XpS-ßnb ]e amt\-P¿am¿°pwD≠m-bn-´p≈ Zpc-\p-`-h-am-Wv. am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kn\pw kvIqƒ \S-Øn-∏n¬ Hcp]mSv IjvS-∏m-Sp-Iƒ kln-t°-≠-Xmbn h∂p IqSn-bn-´p-≠v. ]Ø-\w-Xn-´-bn¬ ImtXm-en-t°‰v sslkvIqƒ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ {]_-e-cmb NnecpsSi‡n-bm-b FXn¿∏p t\cn-tS-≠-Xmbn h∂p.1930 \hw-º¿ 3˛mw XobXn ta¬∏-´-°m-c-\mbn hmgn-°-s∏´ Xncp-ta\n\mep amk-Øn-\-Iw, AXm-bXv 1931 s^{_p-hcnbn¬ am°mw Ip∂n¬kvIqfn\v Xd-°-√n-´p. H´pw kabw \jvS-s∏-Sp-ØmsX Xs‚ I¿Ω ]Ÿmhn-te°vXncp-ta\n Cd-ßn-sb-∂m-W-t√m CXv ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. kly-]¿h-X-Øns‚bpw, Atd-_y≥ kap-{Z-Øn-s‚bpw CSbv°v ]≠sØ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ \m´p-cm-Py-Øns‚ GXm≠v \Sp-°mbn ÿnXn sNbvXn-cp∂ Hcpaetbmc {]tZ-i-am-bn-cp∂p ]Ø-\w-Xn-´. tIc-f-Ønse ae-tbmc {]tZ-iß-fnsetZhm-e-b-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw apJy-ÿm\w ]Ø-\w-Xn-´ ˛ ssI∏-´q¿ tdmUns‚ heXp `mK-Ømbn ÿnXn sNøp∂ am°mw-Ip∂v sk‚ vÃo^≥kv tZhm-e-b-Øn\p Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu ]≈nbn¬ \n∂pt\m°n-bm¬ CXns‚ sX°p `mK-Ømbn sXm´-Sp-Øp≈ hb-en-te°p]mZ-߃ \o´n-bn-d°n \n¬°p∂ Ip∂ns‚ t]cv Cs∂∂ t]mse A∂pwam°mw-Ip-s∂-∂m-bn-cp-∂p. B Ip∂n¬ \n∂v Aev]w sX°p amdn \n∂ncp∂as‰mcp Ip∂ns‚ apIƒ∏-c-∏n-em-bn-cp-∂p Xpº-a¨ sa{Xm-k\ Aca\am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta\n \n¿Ωn-®-Xv.ImtXm-en-t°‰v sslkvIqƒ XpS-ßp-hm≥ Xncp-ta-\n°v klm-blkvXw\o´n-s°m-Sp-Ø-h¿ ]e-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. sXßpwXd-bn¬ hµy Znhy-{io. Koh-dp-Kokv tIm¿F∏n-kvtIm-∏m, Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ tem tImfPv{]n≥kn-∏-em-bn-cp∂ ]t{Xmkv aØm-bn, kztZin _mp amt\-P-cm-bncp∂hS-t°-SØp tPm¿÷v h¿Kokv apX-embh¿ A-h-cn¬ Nne-cm-bncp∂p.]md-s°-´p-I-fpw, Ip‰n-°m-Sp-I-fpw \nc∂p InS-°p∂ Ip∂n≥ ]pdw\nc-∏m-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ sIm®pXncp-ta\n Ccpºp ]mc-bpw, sh´p IØnbp-ambnIqen-°m¿s°m∏w ]Wn-sb-SpØ Imcyw ap≥]v kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠t√m.ImtXm-en-t°‰v sslkvIq-fns‚ ÿm]\ Ncn-{X-sØ-∏‰n ]Ø-\w-Xn´kztZ-inbpw kvIqfnse ]q¿∆ hnZym¿∞nbpw {KŸ-Im-c-\p-amb sI. hn.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 121amΩ≥ Ign h¿jw cNn® ""sXßpwXd-bn¬ Koh-dp-Kokv tIm¿F∏nkvtIm-∏m,alm-Nmcy∑mcpsS alm-\mb aev]m≥'' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p:hnZym-`ymk Imcy-Øn¬ ]Ø-\w-Xn´ 1929 hsc hfsc ]n∂n-em-bn-cp-∂p. ]Ø-\w-Xn´ SuWn¬ A°m-eØv Hcp ae-bmfw anUn¬ kvIqfpwCw•ojv anUn¬ kvIqfpta D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. sXßpwXd-bn¬ tIm¿ F∏nkvtIm∏mH∂m-as‚ Ime-ØmWp ae-bmfw kvIqƒ ÿm]n-X-am-b-Xv. aebmfwkvIqfn¬ \n∂p hnP-bn-°p-∂-h¿ D]cn]T-\m¿∞w Xncp-h-√-bn-epw,Cw•ojv kvIqfn¬ \n∂p ]m m-Ip-∂-h¿ tImg-t©-cn, ASq¿ F∂o ÿeß-fnsesslkvIq-fp-I-fn-ep-amWv ]Tn®p h∂-Xv. D∂X hnZym-`ymkw B{Kln-®n-cp-∂-h¿bm{Xm-ku-I-cy-an-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ ssaep-Iƒ \S∂p sN∂pwkvIqfns‚ kao-]-Øp≈ hoSp-I-fn¬ Xma-kn-®p-amWv ]Tn-®-Xv. X∂n-anØwan° Ip´n-Ifpw anUn¬ kvIqƒ ]T\w sIm≠p hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\p hncma-an-´p.Ah-cpsS `mhnbpw apc-Sn®p.]Ø-\w-Xn-´-bn¬ A\n-hm-cy-amb Hcp Cw•ojv sslkvIqƒ Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\p ap≥ssI FSp-ØXp sXßpwXd-bn¬ Koh-dp-Kokv tIm¿ F∏nkvtIm∏mc≠m-a-\m-Wv. _mey-Im-eØp X\n°v Cw•ojv hnZym-`ymkwe`n-°msX h∂ kml-Ncyw Xs‚ a°ƒ°pw \m´p-Im¿°pw D≠m-I-cpsX∂ho£-W-am-bn-cp∂p hey-®s\ Cu cwK-tØ°v {][m-\-ambpw X≈nhn-´-Xv.ÿesØ ap…ow kap-Zmb t\Xm-°-fp-tSbpw a‰pw klmb kl-I-cWw At±-l-Øn\p e`n-®p.sslkvIqƒ ]T-\-Øn\p Xs‚ a°sf Xncp-h√m Fw. Pn. Fw.kvIqfn¬ hntS≠n h∂Xp sIm≠mWp \m´n¬ Xs∂ Hcp sslkvIqƒD≠m-I-W-sa∂ Nn¥bv°v aq¿® IqSn-b-Xv. ]Ø-\w-Xn´ SuWns‚ Ing°vHcp tIm´ t]mse \ne-sIm-≈p∂ Np´n-∏m-dbv°p kao]w sNdp-Ip-∂n¬sslkvIqƒ Bcw-`n-°m-sa∂p IcpXn {ia-߃ Bcw-`n-®p. ÿesØ{]am-Wn-I-fm-bn-cp∂ Aøm-]n-≈ h°o¬, aocm-W≥ aocm dmhp-Ø¿, F.Pn. tXmakv h°o¬, hS-t°-SØv tPm¿÷v hdp-Kokv, ]c-ta-iz-c≥ \mb¿Fw. F¬. kn. apX-em-b-h¿ H∂n-®mWp {]mcw` {]h¿Ø-\-߃ XpSßn-b-Xv.F∂m¬ GtXm kmt-XnI XS- -߃ aqew sslkvIqƒ]≤Xn ]qh-Wn-n-√.CXp-sIm-s≠m∂pw Xm≥ apt∂m´p h® -Im¬ ]n≥h-en-°m≥ tIm¿-F-∏n-kvtIm∏m Xøm-dm-bn-√. k`- h-I-bm-b-n \m´n¬ Hcp sslkvIqƒÿm]n-°m-sa-∂p≈ Nn¥-bmWv At±-lsØ `cn-®-Xv. hey-®\pw a‰pNnecpw tN¿∂v kvIqƒ ÿm]-\-°mcyw am¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv sa{Xmt∏meo-Øm-tbmSpwae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSpwBtem-Nn®p. am¿ {Ko-tKm-dn-tbm-kns‚ amt\-Pvsa‚n¬ Hcp kvIqfn-\p -th≠n k¿°m-cn¬ At]-£- k-a¿∏n-®p. kvIqƒ ÿm]-\-°m-cy-Øn¬

122 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvhey-®s‚ ktlm-Z-c≥ Sn. Pn. amXyp-hpw (-]n-∂oSv ^m. Sn. Pn. amXyp) a‰p-Nn-ecpw ap≥\n-c-bn¬ Xs∂ \ne-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.Ipº-g-bn¬ sslkvIqƒ Bcw-`n-°m-\mWp BZyw Btem-Nn-®-sX-nepw th≠{X ÿew- hm-ßm-\p≈ ]Ww C√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ AXp\S-∂n-√. HSp-hn¬ am°mw-Ip-∂ns‚ aIp-S-Øn¬ Xs∂ kc-kz-Xo \nebwIpSn-sIm-≈s´ F∂ A¥n-a -Xo-cp-am-\-Øn¬ FØp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. kvIqfn-\m-h-iy-amb ÿew hey-®≥ Xs∂ kk-t¥mjw kuP-\y-ambn \¬In.HSp-hn¬ kvIqfn\v Bh-iy-amb ÿew ˛ C∂sØ tImfPv Ccn-°p∂-ÿew ˛ hey-®s‚ D’m-l-Øm¬ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS t]¿°p Fgp-Xn-®p. kvIqfn-te°v Bh-iyamb tdmUpIƒ sh´n-®Xpw hey-®≥ Xs∂Bbn-cp-∂p. 1930 ˛¬ Ggp ¢m p-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb Hcp kvIqƒsI´n-S-Øn\p Xncp-ta\n I√n-´-t∏mƒ k`- hI BZysØ tImf-Pn-\mWpI√n-Sp-∂-sX∂ {]h-N-\ -i-_vZhpw hey-®s‚ hmbn¬ \n∂mWp ]pd-s∏-´-Xv. ""Xncp-ta\n CsXmcp tImf-PmIpw.'' A®s‚ Zo¿L-Z¿i\w 1952 ˛¬Hcp bmYm¿∞y-ambnØo¿∂p. sI´n-S-Øns‚ ]Wn Ipd®p apt∂m´p t]mbt∏mƒsa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°p Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp sNdnb Ac-a-\bpw \n¿Ωn-®-Xn-\m¬ At±lw AXn¬ Xma-k-hp-am-°n. `mhn-bn¬ c≠p-\nes°´nSw th≠n-h-cp-sa-∂p≈ Z¿i-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Icn--√p -sIm≠p _en-jvT-amb ASn-Ø-d-bmWp \n¿Ωn-®-sX∂v Hm¿°-Ww.Cß-s\-bn-cns° ae-ck`-bnse c≠m-asØ ImtXm-en°m ]. _t -en-tbmkv Koh-dp-Kokv H∂m-a≥ Hcp ikv{X-{In-bsb XpS¿∂v s\øq-cm-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ h®p Imew sNbvXp. XpS¿∂p aq∂mw ImtXm-en-°m-bm-bnsXcs-Sp-°-s∏´ am¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb am¿ _t -en-tbmkv Koh-dp-Kokv c≠m-a≥ F∂- t]-cn¬ ImtXm-en-°m-bmbn hmgn-®-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øn\p tIm´-b-Øp- t]mbn 1929 ˛¬ k`-m[y£ ÿm\wkzoI-cn-t°≠n h∂p. Cu Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ kvIqƒ sI´n-S -\n¿Ωm-Whpw a‰pwIpd-®p -\m-f-tØ°p \n›-em-h-ÿ-bn-seØn. CXn-\n-S-bn¬ _Y-\n-bpsSÿm]-I-t\-Xm-hmb am¿ Cuhm\n-tbmkv tdmam -k-`sb Bt«-jn-®-Xns\-Øp-S¿∂vas‰mcp Fw. F. °mc-\mb ]pØ≥Imhp Ingt°Øebv°¬sI. Sn. Koh-dp-Kokv A®s\ ]oe-Ivknt\mkv F∂- t]-cn¬ sa{Xmt∏m-eo-Øm-bmbnhmgn-°p-Ibpw At±-lØn\p Xpº-a¨ `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚Npa-Xe \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. k`m-hn-izm-k- kwc-£W-Ønepw hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-\-Ønepw ]pØ≥Imhp Xncp-ta\n Hcp sImSp-m-‰ns‚i‡n-tbm-Sp-IqSn k`-bn-e-tßmfantßmfw HmSn-\-S-∂p k`-bpsS XqWp-Isf _e-s∏-SpØn. "]pØ-≥-Imhp sIm®p -Xn-cp-ta\n' F∂ Hma-\-t∏cn¬Adn-b-s∏´ tImaf ico-c-\m-bn-cp-∂ At±-l-Øns‚ Adnhpw Bfl-\n-dhpw B[ym-flnI cwK-ß-fn¬ am{X-a√ HXp-ßn-\n-∂-Xv. k`bv°pwXpº-a¨ `{Zm-k-\-Øn\pw s]mXp-shbpw ]Ø-\w-Xn-´bv°pw ]pØ≥

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 123Imhn\pw {]tXy-In®pw sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n Hcp c£-Is‚ ]mWp hln-®sX∂vAt±-l-Øns‚ Poh-N-cn{Xw km£n-°p-∂p.\n›-em-h-ÿ-bn-se-Ønb kvIqƒ {]h¿Ø\w h¿≤nX i‡n-tbmsS]p\-cm-cw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\p Xncp-ta\n ho≠pw At]£ ka¿∏n-°p-Ibpw XS--ßsf tdm_¿´p {_qkns‚ at\m-`m-h-tØmsS t\cn-Sp-I-bp-am-Wp-≠mbXv.1931 sabv amkw. ISpØ th\¬ NqSv. hnZym-`ymk Ub-d-IvS-dm-bncp∂[zc kpJ-hm-k-Øn-\mbn aq∂m-dnse an¬s]mXn ae-apIfnsehk-Xn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ]oe-Ivknt\mkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw Koh-dp-Kokv tIm¿F∏n-kvtIm-∏mbpw ktlm-Z-c-\mb Sn. Pn.amXyphpw kvIqfn-\p≈ A\p-hm-Z-Øn-\mbn aq∂m-dn-te-°p t]mbn. Imdp-Iƒ A]q¿∆-am-bn-cp∂ Imew. kmº-ØnI _p≤n-ap-´p-aqew Hcp Im¿ hmS-I-bvs°-Sp-°m\pw km[n-®n-√. hey-®s‚ koa¥ ]p{X\pw Ct∏mƒ 106hb p {]mb-ap-≈- Bfp-amb Sn. Pn. tPm¿Pns‚ Imdn-emWv aq∂m¿ bm{X\S-Øn-b-Xv. sNdp-∏-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂ ss{Uh¿ hf-p-]p-fp InS-∂ho-Xn-Ip-d tdmUn-eqsS A∂p- \-S-Ønb kml-knI Im¿ bm{X-sb-∏‰n C∂pw H´pw ad-hn- Iq-SmsX Ign h¿jw Hc`napJ -kw-`m-j-W-Øn¬ hnh-cn-®p tI´-t∏mƒ tcma-l¿j-ap-≠mbn. Hcp `{Zm-k-\-Øn-s‚bpwHcnS-h-I-bp-tSbpw bph ssNX\yw Xpfp-ºp∂ NpaX-e-°m¿ am{X-a-√t√mImdn-en-cn-°p-∂Xv. kz¥w A—\pw ]nXm-hns‚ ktlm-Z-c\pw Ft∂m¿°ptºmƒA]-ISsam∂pw IqSmsX kpc-£n-X-ambn aSßn FØ-W-sa∂{]m¿∞\ am{X-am-bn-cp∂p am°mwIp∂n¬ Xncn®v FØp-∂-Xp- hscbpwX\n°p≠mbncp-∂-sX∂v Sn. Pn. tPm¿Pv ]dp. t¢i-]q¿Æ-amb bm{X\SØn aq∂m-dn¬ sN∂t∏mƒ aq¿Js‚ kz`mhw Im´nb kmbn∏vkvIqfn\v A\p-hmZw \nc-kn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv.a\p-jys‚ Zpjv sNbvXn-Iƒ aqew ssZh-Øns‚ ]≤Xn \S-∏m-Im-Xncn-°n-s√-∂p≈ZrV-\n-›-b-tØm-Sp -IqSn Xncn-s®-Ønb Ah¿ 1931 CS-h-Øn¬ c≠pw I¬]n®v kvIqfns‚ {]h¿Ø\w Bcw-`n®p. ssZh-Øn-em-{i-bn®p sIm≠p≈ Cu kml-knI kwcw`w kmbn-∏ns\ tcmjm-Ip-e-\m-°-p-Ibpw kvIqƒ {]h¿Ø\w \ndpØn sh°m≥ DØ-c-hn-Sp-IbpwsNbvXp. tIm´bw Fw. Un. sslkvIqƒ slUvam-Ã-dm-bn-cp∂ sI. PnsNdn-bm-\mWv {]Y-a- sl-Uvam-Ã-dmbn Npa-Xe G‰Xv. Cßs\ {]iv\-ßsf AXnPohn®p-≠mb ImtXm-en-t°‰v sslkvIq-fmWv ]Ø\wXn´bpsSC∂sØ h≥]n-®- ]p-tcm-K-XnbpsS AkvXn-hmcan´Xv. \mep h¿jwIgnp Cu kvIqfn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®p Hcp ae-bmfw sslkvIqfpw XpSßm≥km[n®p. Cu c≠p kvIqfpw D≠m-b-tXmsS am°mw-Ip-∂nepw ]cnk-c-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn-epap≈ iX-°-W-°n\v Ip´n-Iƒ D∂X]T-\-Øns‚ ]Shp-IƒNh-n-´n-°-b-dp-Ibpw PohnX tkm]m-\-Øns‚ Db-c-ß-fn-seØnt®cp-

124 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvIbpw sNbvXp. kp{]ow tImSXn PUvPnbpw XpS¿∂v Xan-gv\mSv Kh¿Ædp-am-bn-cp∂^mØn-am-_ohn kvIqfns‚ BZy-Ime k¥m-\-amWv. C∂vtemI-Øns‚ GXp tImWn¬ sN∂mepw ImtXm-ent-°‰v sslkvIq-fnseHcp -]q¿∆ hnZym¿∞nsbnepw ImWm-Xn-cn-°n√. Ah-sc√mw Xs∂Fs∂-t∏mse kvIqfns‚ Db¿®bn¬ A`nam\-`-cn-X-cm-Wv. R߃ ]Tn®Bbn-c-Øn sXm≈mbn-cØn \mev]-Xp-I-fn¬ kvIqfns‚ ]T-\- \n-e-hmchpwin£-Whpw F{Xtbm kap-∂-X-am-bn-cp∂p. F≥. Pn. Ipcy≥ (]n-∂oSv sshZn-I≥), ^m. -sI. sF. hdp-Kokv sIm√‚-øØv, hn. Pn. tXmakvhS-t°-SØv, kn. kn. amΩ≥ Ipº-\m-Sv, hn. Sn. G{_lmw a√-∏≈n, ^m.-]n. C. Um\n-tb¬ (-]n-∂oSv Um\n-tb¬ am¿ ]o-e-Ivkn-t\m-kv), ]n. C.sNdn-bm≥ shÆn-°pfw, \oe-I-WvT≥ Bimcn km¿ apX-emb {]ikvXhy‡n-I-fpsS ¢m p-I-fn¬ ]Tn® R߃ F{X `mKy-hm-∑m¿ F∂pNn¥n-°p-I-bm-Wv. B≠n¬ H∂p c≠p Xh-W-sb-nepw ]pØ≥Imhpam¿ ]oe-Ivknt\mkv Xncp- -ta-\nbpw ¢m n¬ h∂p Cw•ojv ]Tn-∏n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.-AtXmsS Xncp-ta-\n°v hmin Ib-dn. C\n F¥mWv am¿§w F∂m-bn.A∂v doP‚ v dmWn tkXp e£vao`mbn Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ `cn-°p∂ Imeam-Wv.sa{Xm-®≥ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øp t]mbn Ce-n-°¬ C. sP. tPm¨h°o-en-t\bpw, C. sP. ^nen-t∏m-kn-t\bpw Iq´n sIm´m-c-Øn¬ t]mbnalm-dm-Wnsb I≠v \nth-Z\w \¬In. Ce-n-°¬ tPm¨ h°o-en\vsIm´m-c-Øn¬ henb ]nSn-]mSp≠mbn-cp-∂p. alm-dmWn A∂v No^v sk{I-´dnbmbn-cp∂ sI. tPm¿÷n-t\mSv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkns‚ kvIqfn\vAwKo-Imcw \¬Ip-hm≥ Iev]n-®p. No^v sk{I-´dn Ce-n-°¬ tPm¨h°o-ens‚ D‰ kplr-Øm-bn-cp-∂p. alm-dmWn Iev]n® £Ww No^vsk{I-´dn hnZym-`ymk Ub-d-IvSsd hnfn®v ]Ø-\w-Xn-´-bn-ep≈ _nj-∏ns‚ kvIqfn\v DS≥ AwKo-Imcw \¬Im≥ \n¿t±-in-®p. kmbn∏v thKwam¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kns\ hnfn-∏n-®p. Xncp-ta\n t]mbn-√. kmbn-∏n\v Xs∂ImW-W-sa-n¬ Ctßm´p h∂v ImWs´ F∂v Adn-bn®v Xncp-ta\n sk{I-´-dn-tb-‰n\v kao-]-ap≈ sk‚ v tPm¿÷v kpdn-bm\n∏≈n-bn¬ Ccp-∂p.AtXmsS kmbn∏v hnj-an-®p. HSp-hn¬ Ub-d-IvS¿ ]≈n-bnse ]m¿k-t\-Pn¬ hn{i-an®psIm≠n-cp∂ Xncp-ta-\nsb h∂p I≠v kvIqƒ XpS¿∂v\S-Øn-s°m-≈m≥ th≠ DØ-chv Iøm¬ sImSpØpw Ipd®p `wKn hm°p]dpw hnS hmßn.C∂sØ tImfPv \n¬°p∂ ÿe-ØmWv sslkvIqƒ sI´nSw ]Wn-Xp-b¿Øn-b-Xv. ]Ø-\w-Xn-´-bnepw Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap≈ Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v Ip´n-Iƒ°v \√ hnZym-`ymkw sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\pw AXp hgn Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_-߃ A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\pw ImtXm-en-t°‰v ssl kvIqƒ hgn-sh®p.sa{Xm-®≥ Ip∂w-Ip-f-tØ°v t]mbn kao-]-{]-tZ-i-amb ac-Øw-tImSv h®v

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 125Imew sNbvX-t∏mƒ Ip∂w-Ipfw ap\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-bnse sl¬Øv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ aocm-]n≈bmbn-cp-∂p. Xncp-ta\n Imew sNøp-∂-Xn\v c≠p Znhkwap≥]v aocm-]n-≈-bpsS `h\w kµ¿in®v BXnYyw kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂p. At±l-Øns‚]nXmhv aocm-dm-hp-Ø¿ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv kph-\n-dn¬Cßs\ Fgp-Xn: ""]Ø-\w-Xn´ \nhm-kn-Iƒ s]mXp-thbpw, ap…o-߃{]tXy-In®pw am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv hfsc IS-s∏-´-h-cmWv.ÿesØ ap…nw hnZym¿∞n, hnZym¿∞n-\n-I-fpsS hnZym-`ymk ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn¬ Xncp-ta\n ImWn-®n-´p≈ {i≤ AIw\nd IrXm¿∞-X-tbmSpw,IrX-⁄-X-tbmSpw IqSn am{Xta Fs∂-t∏m-se-bp≈ Hcmƒ°v kvacn-°phm≥km≤yamhp-I-bp-≈p. Xncp-˛sIm®n kwÿm-\Øv hnZym-`ym-k-]-cambnap…o-߃ BWpw, s]Æpw apt∂m´p h∂n-´p≈Xpw ]Ø-\w-Xn´Xmeq-°n-em-Wv. AXn-\p≈ ImcWw Xncp-ta\nbpsS alm-a-\-kvI-X-b-√msX as‰m∂pa√. Xncp-ta\n kz¥w Ign-hpw, kzm[o-\-i‡nbpw D]-tbm-Kn®v Hcp sslkvIqƒ ÿm]n®v [\-]-c-ambn B\p-Ip-ey-߃ sNbvXpsImSpØv ap…o-ß-fpsS hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\v DtØ-P\w \¬In.'']Ø-\w-Xn´ ImtXm-en-t°‰v sslkvIqƒ Hcp tImf-Pmbn Db¿Ø-W-sa∂v ]n¬°m-eØv Xncp-ta-\n°v henb B{K-l-ap-≠m-bn. hnZym-`ymkImcy-߃°mbn ae-c kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ amt\-PnwKv IΩn‰n \ntbm-Kn® kan-Xn-bpsS A≤y-£≥ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkvBbn-cp-∂p. 1947 sk]v‰w-_¿ amk-Øn¬ ]Ø-\w-Xn-´-bn¬ Hcp tImfPvÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ At]£ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n°vAb®p. tImfPv XpS-ßp-∂-Xn\v ^n\m≥jy¬ Kmc-≠n-bmbn A©p e£wcq]m k¿°m-cn¬ sI´n hbv°-W-sa∂v \nb-a-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. k`-bpsSA°m-esØ kmº-ØnI\ne henb Bim-h-l-am-bn-cp-∂n-s√-nepw \ncmi-\m-ImsXtImf-Pns‚ {]mcw` {]h¿Ø-\-߃°mbn ]Xn-s\m∂p t]c-S-ßp∂ Hcp IΩ‰n sa{Xm-®≥ cq]-h¬°-cn-®p.BZy At]-£°v adp-]Sn H∂pw In´n-bn-√. 1948- ˛¬ ho≠pw FgpXn.]Ø-\w-Xn´ ImtXm-en-t°‰v sslkvIqƒ Hcp ]pXnb sI´n-S-Øn-te°vam‰m-sa∂pw, At∏mƒ AhnsS tImfPv ¢m p-Iƒ Bcw-`n-°m-sa-∂pw Xncph-\-¥-]p-c-Øn-\pw,Nß-\m-t»-cn°pw CSbv°v tImf-Pp-I-sfm∂pan s√∂pwa‰pw At]-£-bn¬ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®n-cp-∂p. AXn\pw adp-]Sn e`n-®n-√. \ncmi-\m-ImsX1949- ˛¬ ho≠pw At]£ sImSp-Øp. AJn-te¥ym bqWnth-gvkn‰nIΩo-j≥ ]pXnb tImfPp-Iƒ XpS-ßp-∂-Xns\ kw_-‘n®vHcp dnt∏m¿´v Xøm-dm-°p∂ps≠∂pw AXp ]Tn-®-Xn\p tijw am{Xta]pXnb tImf-Pp-Iƒ A\p-h-Zn-°-bp≈p F∂pw ImWn®v adp-]Sn In´n.am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv 1950 -˛¬ ho≠pw Fgp-Xn-b-t∏mƒ ]pXnb tImfPvA\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ hyh-ÿ-Iƒ Adn-bn®psIm≠p≈ dPn-kv{SmdpsSHcp IØv 1951 s^{_p-h-cn-bn¬ In´n. hyh-ÿ-I-sf√mw kΩ-Xn-®v 1951

126 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvam¿®n¬ Xs∂ Xncp-ta\n adp-]-Snbpw sImSp-Øp. 1951 G{]n¬ A©n\pXncp-ta-\n-°p e`n® as‰m-c-dn-bn-∏n¬ tImfPv \S-Øm-\p-t±-in-°p∂ ÿe-Øn-s‚-bpw, sI´n-S-ß-fp-sSbpw πm≥ Ab®p sImSp-°-W-sa∂pw, ^n\m≥jy¬ Kmc≠n A©p e£w cq]m sI´n shbv°p-hm≥ kΩ-X-am-sW-∂p≈ hnhcw Adn-bn-°-W-sa∂pw ImWn-®n-cp-∂p. Cu IØn\p adp-]SnAb-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xn\p ap≥]v Xncp-ta\n \ncym-X-\m-bn.]pØ≥Imhv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS B{Klw km[n-∏n-°m-\mbn Hm¿ØtUmIvkvk`m-t\-XrXzw apt∂m´p h∂p. AXns‚ ^e-ambn 1952 HmKÃvamk-Øn¬ tImfPv \ne-hn¬ h∂p. AtXmSp IqSn ImtXm-en-t°‰vsslkvIqƒ Hcp ÿew am‰-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-tI≠n h∂p. sslkvIqfn\pth≠n ]Ø-\w-Xn-´ ˛ ssI∏-´q¿ tdmUns‚ sXm´-Sp-Ømbn \nc-∏p≈ Hcp ÿew hmßn kvIqfn\v ]pXnb sI´nSw ]Wn-bn-®p. sslkvIqfns‚]gb sI´n-S-ß-fn¬ ImtXm-en-t°‰v tImfPv Bcw-`n-®p.am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS as‰mcp kwcw-`-amWv ]pØ≥Imhv sas{Smt∏m-eo-Ø≥ sslkvIqƒ. ]pØ≥Im-hn¬ 1921 -˛¬ Bcw-`n® Hcp anUn¬ kvIqƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. GXm\pw hy‡n-Iƒ IqSn-t®¿∂v\SØn h∂-Xmbncp∂p AXv. AhnsS \n∂v ]m m-Ip∂ hnZym¿∞n-IƒsNß-∂q¿ sslkvIq-fn¬ tNcm-dmWv ]Xnhv. 1948 ˛¬ Ah¿°v {]thi\we`n-®n-√. Ah¿ _tY-en¬ hn{i-an®psIm≠n-cp∂ Xncp-ta-\nsbhnhcw Adn-bn-®p. ]pØ≥Im-hn¬ Hcp sslkvIqƒ thW-sa∂v Xncpta\nB{K-ln-®psIm≠n-cp∂ Ah-k-c-ambncp∂p. At±lw k¿°m-cnte°vAt]£ ka¿∏n-®p. AXn\p A\p-hmZw e`n-°-bpw sNbvXp. 1948--Pqsse H∂n\v 8˛mw ¢mt mSp IqSn (t^m¿Øv t^mw) kvIqƒ {]h¿Ø\wBcw-`n-®p. ]pØ≥Imhv ]≈n hnImcn A∂v _n. Un. A®≥ F∂ t]cn¬Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp∂ ^m. F≥. Pn. Ipcym-t°m-kv Bbncp-∂p. A®≥]pØ≥Imhv ]≈n-∏-Sn-bv°¬ Hcp hmb-\-ime \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. AhnsS"sas{Sm-t∏m-eo-‰≥ kvIqƒ' F∂ t]cn¬ sslkvIqƒ XpS-ßn. ]Ø-\w-Xn-´-bn-se-t∏mse Chn-sSbpw At\Iw FXn¿∏p-Iƒ At±-l-Øn-\pXcWw sNtø-≠-Xmbn h∂p IqSn. kvIqƒ \S-Øn-∏ns\Xnsc tIkpw,tImS-Xn-bn¬ \n∂p tÃbpw h∂p. AsX√mw FXn-cn´p Xncp-ta-\n-bpsSta¬t\m´-Øn¬ Xs∂ sI´nSw ]Wn \S-∂p.sas{Sm-t∏m-eo-‰≥ sslkvIq-fnse BZy-Ime Poh-\-°m-c-\mb F. C.Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ B ]gb ImesØ°pdn®v A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂p-≠v: ""Xncpta\n]d-p. Ct∏mƒ iºfw H∂pw Xcm≥ Fs‚ ]°-en-√. \nt‚-Xpt]mseCu ÿm]\w t\m°-Ww. Ct∏mƒ Hcp j¿´ns‚ Imip Xcmw.`mhn-bn¬ Cu ÿm]\w \∂m-Ip-tºmƒ \obpw \∂mIpw.'' B hm°p-Iƒ A\p-k-cn®v Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ sas{Sm-t]m-eo-‰≥ sslkvIq-fn\p th≠n{]b-Xv\n-®p. {ItaW tPmen- ÿn-c-am-bn. Ct∏mƒ c≠m-bncw cq]mbv°v

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 127ASpØv amkw tXmdpw s]≥j≥ e`n-°p-∂p.H´phfsc IjvS-∏m-Sp-Iƒ sas{Sm-t∏m-eo-‰≥ sslkvIq-fn\p th≠nXncp-ta\n A\p-`-hn-®p. kvIqfns‚ t]cns‚ t]cnepw Xncp-ta-\n°v hna¿i-\-߃ tIƒ°m≥ CS h∂p. kvIqfns‚ BZy-Ime slUvam-ÿamcn¬Hcm-fmb ^mZ¿. ]n. Pn. tPm¿÷v sslkvIqƒ cPX Pq_nen kph-\ndn¬Cßns\ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v: ""Xncp-ta-\n°v hfsc tbsd `b-`‡n _lp-am-\-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp∂ henb am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv, h´-t»-cn¬ am¿ Zoh-∂mtkymkvF∂o sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am-cpsS ]mh\-kva-c-W-°m-bn-´mWv"sas{Sm-t]m-eo-Ø≥' F∂ t]cv kvIqfn\v \¬In-bn-´p-≈Xv F∂v Xncpta\nFt∂mSv Iev]n®n´p-≠v. A√msX Nne¿ [cn-°p-∂Xp t]mse kz¥wt]cn¬ kvIqƒ ÿm]n°p-I-b√ sNbvXXv.''t^m¿Øv t^mw Ign-v, ^n^vØv t^md-Øn¬ Ip´n-Isf {]th-in-∏n-®p. Fnepw ta¬ ¢m n\v Kh¿tΩ-≠n¬ \n∂v AwKo-Imcw e`n-®n-√.A∂v hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏ns‚ Hcp {][m\ A[n-Imcn ]pØ≥ ImhpImc≥Hcm-fm-bn-cp-∂p. AwKo-Imcw e`n-°msX h∂-t∏mƒ Ip´n-Isf ‰n. kn.sImSpØv ]d--b-°p-I-b-√msX thsd hgn-bn-√m-bn-cp∂p. Ah¿ X∂^okpw aS°ns°mSp-t°≠n h∂p. 1949 Pq¨ 23˛mw XobXn hymgm-gvNsØUb-dn-°p-dn∏n¬ Xncp-ta\n at\mthZ-\-tbmsS FgpXn: ""^n^vØvt^manse Ip´n-Iƒ°v 47. T. C. sImSp-Ø-b-®p. ^okpw do^≠v sNbvXp.47 x 7 cq]. \√ ag-bp≈ Znh-kw. Fs‚ Bbp- nse henb at\m-th-Z\A\p-`-hn® Znhkw C∂m-Wv. Fnepw D’m-l-tØmSp IqSn Imcy-߃\S-Øm≥ ssZhw i‡n X∂p. ssZh-Øn\p kvXpXn.''kvIqƒ \S-Øn-∏n-ep≈ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS AXnbmb Bflm¿∞-Xbpw,Xmev]-cyhpw Cu Ipdn-∏n¬ \n∂pw shfn-hm-Ip-∂p-≠v. ASpØ h¿jw^n^vØp t^md-hpw, knIvkvØv t^mdhpw Hcpan®v Kh¿tΩ-≠n¬ \n∂vA\p-h-Zn®v hmßn. CXns‚ A\p-hmZw kºmZn-°p-hm-\mbn Xncp-ta-\nbpw,]pØ≥Imhv amØ≥ Xc-I-\p-ambn Xncp-h-\-¥]pcØp t]mb IY ckmh-l-am-Wv.A∂sØ hnZym-`ymk a{¥n F≥. Ipn-cm-a-\m-bn-cp∂p. A∂vC. tPm¨ ^nen-t∏mkv {Sm≥ kvt]m¿´v a{¥n-bmbn a{¥nk`-bn-ep-≠v.]d-hq¿ Sn. sI. \mcm-bW ]n≈-bm-bn-cp∂p apJy-a-{¥n. Ce-n-°¬ C.tPm¨ ^nen-t∏mkv a{¥n-k-`-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂XpsIm≠v hnZym-`ymka{¥n At]£ X≈n-°-f-bn-s√∂ Dd-∏p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. k`bv°v th≠nF¥p klm-bhpw sNøm≥ Xøm-dp≈ Bfm-bn-cp∂p ]nen-t∏mkv. amØ≥Xc-I≥ B bm{Xsb°p-dn®v Cßns\ Fgp-Xn:""A∂v Xncp-ta-\n°v kz¥-ambn Hcp Imdp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. R߃ k‘ym-k-a-bØv sNß-∂q-cn¬ \n∂v Xncn-®p. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Fs‚ ]m´pw, Ihn-Xbpw, IY-Ifpw tI´v ckn-°p-hm\pw Dd-°-Øn¬ \n∂v c£-s∏-Sp-hm\pwIqSn-bmWv Xncp-ta\n Fs∂ Imdn¬ Ib‰nbsX-∂m-bn-cp-∂p Fs‚

128 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvhnNmcw. A∂p k‘y apX¬ BIm-iØp \n∂pw Xpºnss° hÆ-Øn¬ag s]bvXpsIm≠n-cp-∂p. ]m´p ]mSn-bpw, IhnX sNm√nbpw, ^enXw]dpw, Nncn®v ckn®pw R߃ cm{Xn ]{¥≠v aWn°v Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcØvFØn. B cm{Xn-bn¬ Xncp-ta\n Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw kpdn-bm\n∏≈nbn-epw,Rm≥ sXm´-SpØv Imdnepw Ign®p Iq´n. t\cw ]pe¿∂-t∏mƒRm≥ X\n®v hnZym-`ymk a{¥nsb ImWm≥ t]mbn.cmhnse 7 aWn°v Rm≥ a{¥nsb I≠p. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS BK-a\hnhcw Adn-bn-®p. a{¥n kabw A\p-h-Zn-®p. Xncp-ta\n h∂v a{¥n-bpambnkwkm-cn®p. c≠p ¢m pw Cu h¿jw Xs∂ \S-Øp-hm≥ a{¥nA\p-h-Zn-®p. Rß-fpsS Xncn-®p≈ bm{X F{X-am{Xw D’m-l-`-cn-XhpwD√mk a[p-c-hp-ambncp∂psh∂v {]tXy-In®v ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√t√m?'']Ø-\w-Xn-´-bn¬ Hcp s{Sbn-\nßv kvIqƒ XpS-ßp-hm≥ Xncp-ta\n Xocpam-\n-®p.1937 ˛¬ s{Sbn-\nßv kvIqƒ Bcw-`n-®p. Ipd®p sIm√w ]Ø-\w-Xns´ \S-Ønb tijw AXv Ing-sh-≈q¿°v am‰n ÿm]n-®p-sh-nepwB ÿm]\w ]n∂oSv \n∂p t]mbn. Ing-h≈q¿ (tIm-∂n) sk‚ v tPm¿÷vbp. ]n. kvIqƒ 1937 ˛¬ ]pØ≥Imhv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Nne hy‡n-I-fn¬ \n∂p XosdgpXn hmßn. ]n∂oSv AXv sslkvIq-fm-bn.sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bm-bn´pw kvIqfn¬ ¢ms -Sp-°p-hm≥ Xncp-ta-\n°vhenb CjvS-am-bn-cp-∂p. CXn-s\-°p-dn®v sat{Sm-t∏m-eo-Ø≥ sslkvIqƒap≥ slUvam-ÿ hn. Fw. aØmbn C{]-Imcw A\pkvacn-°p-∂p:""Hcp Znhkw t^m¿Øv t^man¬ Rm≥ Cw•ojv ]Tn-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Xncnp t\m°p-tºmƒ hcm-¥-bn¬ hmXn-en-\-SpØp \n∂v Xncpta\nFs‚ ¢m v {i≤n-°p∂ ImgvN-bmWv I≠-Xv. F\n°v s]s´∂vD≈-n¬ Hcp NqSv A\p-`-h-s∏-´p. Xncp-ta\n ¢m n¬ Ibdn h∂v "C\nbpwA¬]-t\cw Rm≥ H∂p ]Tn-∏n-°-s´' F∂p tNmZn-®p. Xncp-ta\n ]Tn-∏nbv°¬XpS-ßn. Fs¥mcp a[p-c-ap≈ i_vZw. F¥v D®m-cW kv^pS-X.H‰-hm°v ae-bmfw ]d-bmsX Ipp hmN-I-߃ ASp-°n\v Hmtcm-∂mbn]dv Ip´n-Isf ckn-∏n-®p. sIm®p Ipp-ß-fpsS D’m-l-Øn¬ Xncpta-\nbpwckn®v ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xp tI´v Rm≥ tImcnØcn®v \n∂p t]mbn.hoc-]p-cp-j-∑m-cpsS A¤pX IYIƒ tIƒ°p-tºmƒ sIm®pIp´n-Iƒ°vAh-sc-t∏msebmIp-hm≥ B{Klw tXm∂p-∂Xp t]mse F\n°pw Xncpta-\n-sb-t∏mseCw•ojv ]Tn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ign-n-cp-s∂-n¬ F∂vBin®p t]mbn.''hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-߃ XpS-ßp-hm≥ a‰p-≈-h-sc t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-hm\pw Xncp-ta\n {ian-®n-cp-∂p. tUmIvS¿ kn.- ‰n. Cu∏≥ Fw. Fw.]n. F®v. Un. bpsS teJ-\-Øn¬ \n∂v D≤-cn-°p-∂p (am¿ ]oe-Ivknt\mkvkph-\n¿, t]Pv 28):

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 129""[oc\pw, I¿Ω-tbm-Kn-bp-amb am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta-\n°v tkh-\-Øn-\p≈ Ah-kcw In´n-bm¬ I£n t\m°p∂ ]Xn-hn-√. At±lwhS-°≥ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ kµ¿in® Hc-h-kcØn¬ hS°p \ap-°p≈]≈n-°qS-ß-fpsS A`m-hsØ a\- n-em-°n-bmWv tImX-aw-Kew am¿t_kn¬ sslkvIqƒ Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn-\v X¬`m-c-hm-ln-Isf t{]m’mln-∏n-°p-Ibpw,sslkvIqfns‚ A\p-hmZw hmßn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ {][m\Npa-Xe kzbw ssIh-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv. _mhm I£n-bn-ep≈ F{XsiΩm-i-∑m-cmWv Xncp-ta-\n°v kzm[o-\ap≈ ]e tImf-Pp-I-fnepw At±l-Øns‚ip]m¿i-°-tØmSp IqSn {]th-i\w hmßnbn-´p≈Xpw. a≤yXncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ Hcp tImfPv Bcw-`n-°p∂ Xn\pw At±lw ap∂n´p\n∂mWv {]h¿Øn®p sIm≠n-cp-∂n-´p-≈Xpw.''Ip∂w-Ipfw ]gb]≈n A-W-Ønep≈ Fw. sP. Un. kvIqƒ A∂vsslkvIqfm°m≥ km[n-°msX hf¿® apc-Sn®v \n¬°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.Ifn-ÿew Cs√∂ ImcWw ]d-mWv A∂sØ sIm®n hnZym-`ymkUb-d-IvS¿ At]£ \nc-kn-®Xv. Ub-d-IvS¿ Bbn-cp-∂Xv ÿm\-sam-gnsIm®n cma-h¿Ω cmPm-hns‚ aI≥ sF. F≥. tat\m≥. HmIvkvt^m¿Uvk¿∆-I-em-im-e-bn¬ Fw. F. _ncpZw t\Snb hy‡n-bm-bn-cp-∂p tat\m≥.]≈n-°m¿ ]Ø-\m-]p-csØ tXmΩm am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv, am¿ ]oe-Ivknt\mkvF∂n-hsc Ip∂w-Ip-f-Øp hcp-Øn. B¿Øm‰v Ip∂w-Ipfw almCS-hI {SÃn-bpw, Xncp-ta-\n-am-cpw, dmhpkmln-_v tUmIvS¿ Noc≥ h-dp-Kokv, kn. hn. Cøp Fw. F¬. kn. F∂n-h-cp-ambn Ub-d-IvS¿ sF. F≥.tat\ms\ Xriqcn¬ sN∂p I≠p. sslkvIqƒ A\p-h-Zn®psIm≠p≈Iev]-\-bp-am-bn Ah¿ aSßn FØn.

130 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv23doØv Nq≠Iƒam¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv doØn¬ tN¿∂Xn\v ]pdsI Hm¿ØtUmIvkvk`bn¬ \n∂v ta¬∏´°mscbpw, sshZnIscbpw, Aflmb°mtcbpw]nSns®SpØv doØn¬ tN¿°m≥ i‡nbmb {iaw \S∂p. ao≥ ]nSn°m≥NnteSØv he D]tbmKn°pw. a‰p Nne ÿeßfn¬ Nq≠bmWvC´psImSp°pI. ao\n\v ]‰nb "hninjvS t`mPy߃' Nq≠bn¬sImfpØp∂XnemWv ao≥]nSpØ°mcs‚ Ignhv InS°p∂Xv.Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`bn¬ \n∂v Bflm°sf BI¿jn®v hebnem°m≥ doØpIm¿ Hcp {]tXyI hn`mKsØ ]cnioen∏n®ncp∂p.Ahcn¬ he hoin∏nSn°m≥ Ignhp≈h¿ kpe`w. Nq≠ Fdnvhens®SpØv IqSbnem°m≥ sIev]p≈hcpap≠mbncp∂p. C∂v AhcpsSieyw hfsc IpdhmWv. CubnsSbmbn "]p\sscIytafIƒ' ]Ww[mcmfw apS°n \SØn Iemis°m´pw sIm´n Ahkm\n∏n°pI bmWv.F∂m¬ CXmbncp∂n√ 1930 ˛Ifnse ÿnXn. kq£n®v tdmUneqsS\S∂ns√n¬ doØpImcpsS hebn¬ hogpw F∂ \nebm bncp∂p.]pent°m´n¬ dºm\pw, tN∏m´v dºm\pw, Ipsd Imjmb hkv{X°mcmb_Y\n A®∑mcpw Iq´tØmsS doØn¬ tN¿∂p. Ahsc doØnte°psIm≠pt]mIm≥ hetbm, Nq≠tbm th≠n h∂n√. tImemSpIsfsXfn®v sIm≠pt]mIp∂ t]mse am¿ Cuhm\n tbmkv B´nsØfn®vsIm≠pt]mbn. _Y\n I\ymkv{XoIsf sNΩcnbmSpIsfsIm≠pt]mIp∂ t]mse hfsc efnXambn ]nXmhv sIm≠pt]mbnXncpaqe]pcsØ I\ymaTØn¬ Xma-kn-∏n®p.t\m°nbt∏mƒ apgpØ ao\pIƒ C\nbpw Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`mktcmhcØn¬ InS∏p≈Xmbn ]nXmhn\v a\ nembn. Chsb IqsS DS≥]nSn°Wsa∂v Xncph\¥]pcsØ AXnsa{Xmk\ Aca\bn¬ \n∂vclkyI¬∏\ Xncph√mbnse k_vHm^okn¬ h∂p. At∏m tg°pwHcp NXn ]‰n. am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkns‚ sk°≠v se^v‰\‚ v Bbn{]h¿Øn®ncp∂ {][m\mNmcy\v NnØ{`aw IqSn. At±lsØapdn°IØn´v ]qt´≠nh∂p. IÆpsX‰nbm¬ ]pdØpNmSntb°pw.Xncph√m SuWn¬°qSn doØv Cfapdغpcm≥ Xebv°v kpJan √msXHmSn\S°m≥ CShccpXt√m. HmSn \S∂mepw kln°mw. At±lwkpt_m[an√msX hnfn®pIqhp∂ A«oeambncp∂p "A¨ kln°_nƒ'Bbn henb]nXmhn\v tXm∂nbncp∂Xv. "h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n ˛aeck`bpsS tIm´' F∂ {KŸØn¬ CXns\°pdn ®p≈ hnhc߃sImSpØn´p≠v.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 131Ipd®psIm√sØ ImØncp∏n\p tijw doØpIm¿°v Hcp apgpØhmfao≥ In´n. 1108 CShØn¬ ImtXmen°m _mhm Dƒs∏´kp∂ltZmkv sa{Xm≥]ZØnte°v Db¿Ønb a√∏≈n hmf°pgn bn¬tkthdntbmkv 1113 hr›nIØn¬ tdmamk`bn¬ tN¿∂p. am¿]oeIvknt\mkv 1113 hr›nIw 14˛mw XobXn XnfmgvNsØ Ubdn°pdn∏n¬ (1937 \hw_¿ 29) Cßs\ FgpXn: "]Ø\wXn´.Xncph\¥]pcØv sh®v am¿ tkthdntbmkv C∂v doØn¬ tN¿∂p.{Zhym{Klw. C\nbpw Fßns\ hniz-kn°pw? {Zhym{Klw a\pjys\\new]Xn∏n°p∂Xns‚ Hcp DØa ZrjvSm¥w. ssZhw £an°s´.']cpae skan\mcnbpsS `cWØn\p \ntbmKn°s∏´ncp∂tkthdntbmknt\mSv AhnSsØ hchp sNehp IW°ns\∏‰nImtXmen°m_mhm Ft¥m tNmZn®XmWv tdmamk`bn¬ tNcm≥ImcWsa∂p kqN\bp≠mbncp∂p. Cu kw`hsØ°pdn®v 1113 hr›nIw16 ˛se "aebmf at\mca' {]kn≤s∏SpØnb dnt∏m¿´ns‚ kw{KlwXmsgs°mSp°p∂p:"am¿ tkthdntbmkv 1113 hr›nIw 12 ˛\v Fw. Pn. Fw. sslkv°qƒhnZym¿∞nIfpsS dn{So‰p \SØpIbpw 13˛\p Xncph√m _Y\n∏≈n bn¬hn. Ip¿∫m\ sNm√pIbpw {]kwKn°pIbpw sNbvXp. hr›nIw 7 apX¬11 hsc ]gbskan\mcnbn¬ Xmakn°pIbpw kp∂ltZmkn¬ kw_‘n°pIbpw D≠mbn. At∏mƒ Fßpw, BtcmSpw k`m]cnh¿Ø\wsNøm≥ Xo¿®s∏SpØnb hnhcw ]dn√.]cpae skan\mcnbn¬ 13 \p aSßn FØn. 14 \p Im¿ØnI∏≈nbn¬ Hcp tcmKn°v ssXem`ntjIw sNøm≥ t]mIpIbmsW∂pw k‘ybv°Iw Xncn®phcpsa∂pw ]dmWv ]pds∏´Xv. t]mbXv ImbwIpftØ°mWv. AhnsS apX¬ doØn¬s∏´h¿ Hmtcm ÿeØpw ImØp\n∂v At±lsØ kzoIcn®p. Xncph\¥]pcw B¿®v_nj∏ns‚Aca\bn¬ FØn doØn¬ tN¿∂ tijw am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkvAt±lsØbpw Iq´ns°m≠v _mw•q¿°v t]mbn. Aßns\ Hcp sa{Xms\°qsS tdmamk`bv°p In´n.]mtd´v ]dbp∂p, "aeck`bnse sI´pd∏v IqSpX¬ Dd∏n°p∂Xn\p≈ am¿§ßsf∏‰n, BtemNn°p∂Xn\p tIm´bw ]gb skan\mcnbn¬ hr›nIw 8, 9 XobXnIfn¬ \S∂ kp∂ltZmkn¬ tkthdntbmkv `mK`m°mbn. AXn\ptijw B ÿm\Øp aSßn FØn AhnsS\n∂p Hfn®pHmSp∂ XcØn¬, tdmamk`bnte°v IS∂v sI´pd∏ns‚_elm\n sXfnbn®p.am¿ tkthdntbmkv ]cpae skan\mcnbn¬ \n∂v HmSnt∏mbXvkapZmbw hI Imdnembncp∂p. AtXmSpIqsS skan\mcn amt\P¿ F∂

132 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv\nebn¬ ssIhiw D≠mbncp∂ ]Wtam, ]≠ßtfm Hs°sIm≠pt]mbn F∂v kwkmcapb¿∂p. ]t£ cq] aS°n sImSp°pItbm, sImSp°m≥ XømdmsW∂v ImtXment°mkv ˛ aec sa{Xms\Adnbn°pItbm sNbvXp F∂p {]kvXmhap≠mbtXmSp IqSnA]lcWmtcm]WØns‚ i‡n Ipdp. Fnepw At±l Øns‚\S]Sn aeck`m[nImcÿm\ßfn¬ henb AkzÿX D≠m°n (a.\. t]Pv 124).hmf°pgnbn¬ tkthdntbmkv AIs∏´pIgnt∏mƒ doØp]nXm°∑mcpsS ]n∂sØ {][m\ Cc ]pØ≥Imhv am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkmbncp∂p. Xncpta\n kvIqfpIƒ ]Wnbm\pw, Aca\ ]Wn bm\pw,]Wan√msX sRcpßp∂ps≠∂v a\ nem°nb doØp t\XrXzwAt±lsØ kulrZ]q¿∆w Adnbn®p "B_q≥ F¥n\m Cßns\IjvSs∏Sp∂Xv. Ctßm´v t]msc. F{X thWsanepw ]Ww Xcmw. F{XkvIqfpIƒ thWsanepw ]Wnbn°mw.' 40 ZnhksØ ITn\D]hmkØn¬ Ign tbip{InkvXphns\bpw ]co£I≥ GXm≠vCtX cq]Øn¬ {]kmZn∏n®Xmbn thZ]pkvXIØn¬ \mwhmbn°p∂p≠t√m. am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv doØpImcpsS N°chm°pIfn¬ abßnbn√.]pØ≥Imhv sIm®pXncpta\nsb doØnte°v BI¿jn°m≥ am¿Cuhm\ntbmkv ]cn{ian®Xn¬ Hcp {][m\ kwKXn ASßnbncp∂p.am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkns‚bpw Iq´cpsSbpw k`m ]cnh¿Ø\sØ°p dn®vam¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv i‡nbmbn {]XnIcn®ncp∂p. Xncph\¥]pcwB¿®v _nj∏v F∂ ]Zhnbn¬ Ccp∂v Hm¿Ø tUmIvkv k`bn¬ \n∂vBfpIsf Nm°n´p]nSn°p∂ hn]peamb ]≤Xn°v Xpcw sh®ncp∂XvsIm®pXncpta\nbpsS hodp‰ {]kwK ßfmbncp∂p. CXv C√mbvasNbvXm¬ Xs∂ henb t\´amIpsa∂v am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv \ncq]n®p.am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv doØn¬ tN¿∂m¬ doØn\v FXncmbnHm¿ØtUmIvkv k`bn¬ \n∂pw D≠mIp∂ B{IaWw AtXmsSZp¿_eamIpItbm, Nnet∏mƒ C√mXmIpItbm sNøpsa∂pw, AXphgnX\n°v APtamjWw bmsXmcp XS hpan√msX \SØmsa∂pw Balm]ptcmlnX t{ijvT≥ IW°pIq´n. ]pØ≥Imhv Xncpta\nbpsSdoØns\Xncmb {]lcw am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkns\ IW°ntesd hndfn]nSn∏n®ncp∂p. doØp {]ÿm\Øns\Xnsc At±lw sNbvX "I‰m\w{]kwKw' A°meØpw AXy[nIw {]kn≤nbm¿÷n®ncp∂p. am¿Cuhm\n tbmkns‚ k`m]cnXymKtØ°mtfsd At±lw k`mwKßsf]nSns®Sp°p∂ \oXnclnXamb APtamjW {]hWXsbbmWv am¿]oeIvknt\mkv AXni‡nbmbn A]e]n®Xv. am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkn\pw, A\pNc∑m¿°pw ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®pXncpta\n Hcp `oj

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 133Wnbmbn \nesIm≠p. tIkp sIm≠p hencp∂ aeck`bv°v]WZu¿e`yw D≠mbncp∂p F∂Xv t\cmWv. k`bpsS JP\mhvXo¿Øpw Imenbmbncp∂p. tdmamk`bpsS ]WØns‚ kzmZv doØp Im¿BkzZn®v B\µn°p∂ ImgvN aeck` ImWp∂pap≠v. B k`bpsSioXfOmbbn¬ Ignbp∂ doØpImtcmSv tN¿∂m¬ D≠mImhp∂kmºØnI kpc£nXXzhpw, Xnf°hpw kpJm\p`qXnIfpw Hcp{]tem`\ambn amdptam F∂v kwibn°mØhcpan√. Cu L´Øn¬hmf°pgnbn¬ tkthdntbmkns‚ a\wab°p∂ IØpIƒ am¿]oeIvknt\mkn\p \nc¥cw h∂psIm≠ncp∂p. Hcp IØn¬ hmf°pgnbn¬ Xncpta\n FgpXnbncn°p∂Xv C{]ImcamWv. "{InkvXym\nIsf√mwHcp hnizmkØnembncps∂n¬ F{X \∂mbncp∂p. AXn\pth≠n{iant°≠Xt√? `cWsFIyw IqSmsX hnizmksFIyw a\pjycn¬\ne\n¿Øphm≥ km[yamtWm? GsXmcp "Hm¿Kss\tkj\nepw' Hcp`cWIqSw \mw ImWp∂p ≠t√m? I¿Ømhv A[nImcw X\n°v\¬Is∏´ncn°p∂p F∂v ]dbp∂Xv `cWsØ Dt±in®t√? bmt°m_mb k`bpsS `cWLS\ k¿∆tcbpw Dƒs°m≈p∂pt≠m? AXn\p]cym]vXamtWm? bmt°m _mb kapZmbØn\v th≠n sNømhp∂G‰hpw \√ Imcyw ItØmen°m sFIyØnte°p≈ hgn kpKaam°pIbmsW∂v ImWm≥ {]bmkan√. AhnS∂v CtX°pdn®p Nn¥n°ptam?''hmf°pgnbpsS kmtcm]tZißfnepw X{¥ßfnepw hogm≥ am¿]oeIvknt\mkns\ In´nbn√.am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkpambn kvIqfpIsf kw_‘n®v tIkp \S∂ncp∂Xn\m¬ am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkn\v sIm®pXncpta\nbpambn t\cn´v_‘s∏Sphm≥ BZyImeßfn¬ e÷ tXm∂nbncp∂p. hmf°p gnbn¬tkthdntbmkns\ ssIbn¬ In´n°gnt∏mƒ Cuhm\n tbmkv, am¿]oeIvknt\mkpambn _‘s∏Sm≥ tkthdntbmkn s\bmbncp∂p\ntbmKn®Xv. amkØn¬ Hcp IsØnepw am¿ tkthdntbmkv,Ab®ncp∂Xmbn sIm®pXncpta\nbpsS ^ben¬ ImWp∂p. skuIcywIn´ptºmsg√mw am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkns\ I≠v kwkmcn°m\pwhmf°pgnbn¬ ]nXmhv Xmev]cysaSpØncp∂p. ssIbn¬ Nq≠Hfn∏n®psh®mWv tkthdntbmkns‚ kµ¿i\sa∂v IcpXn Xs∂bmWv]oeIvknt\mkv Ccp∂ncp∂Xv. Nq≠bn¬ CcIƒ am‰n am‰n{]tbmKn®n´pw ]oeIvknt\mkv Nq≠ hngpßp∂ns√∂ \ncmibn¬doØpsa{Xm≥ ZpxJnX\mbn°gnp. F∂mepw am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkvCXm doØn¬ tNcm≥ t]mIp∂p F∂ Hcp Hmi hf¿ØnsbSp°m≥doØpIm¿°v Ignp. CXn\nSbn¬ kq{X°mc\mb am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv kvIqƒ kw_‘n® hg°pIsf√mw HcnSØv am‰nsh®v ]pØ≥Imhv Xncpta\nsb ImWm≥ _tYen¬ FØn. A]mc sXmen°´n

134 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvF∂√msX F¥p ]dbm≥! kvIqfpIƒ hn´psImSp°msX Zp¿\ymb߃]dv tIkp \S°p∂Xn\nSbnemWv B kµ¿i\w. Hcp ta¬∏´°mcs\ kzoIcn°p∂ coXnbn¬ bmsXmcp hg°ns‚ emRvO\bpw]pdØp ImWn°msX am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv Cuhm\ntbmkns\kzoIcn®v kw`mjWw \SØn. AtXmsS ]e¿°pw Dd∏mbn Xncpta\nASpØpXs∂ doØnte°p Imep amdpsa∂v. Cu hm¿Ø Im´pXot]mse \msS√mw ]c∂p. Ip∂w IpfØv Cu hm¿Ø tI´v {]mbambh¿s]m´n°cp. bphm°ƒ AXnbmbn ZpxJn®p. ]oeIvknt\mkns\A{Xbv°p Poh\mbncp∂p Ip∂wIpfØpIm¿°v. kXymhÿ Adnbm≥Ip∂wIpfØp \n∂pw Nne¿ XncphnXmwIqdnte°v t]mbn. ]oeIvknt\mkns\ I≠v kwkmcnt® aSßnt∏mcmhq F∂mWv Ah¿°v sImSpØncp∂ \n¿t±iw. Ah¿ sNß∂q¿ FØp∂Xn\p apºmbnØs∂ Bhm¿ØIƒ Xo¿Øpw ASnÿm\clnXamsW∂ hnhcØn\p Ip∂wIpftØ°v Hcp {][m\s∏´ hy‡nbpsS IØp h∂p.kw`mjWat≤y Xs‚ Kpcphmb ^m. ]n. Sn. KnhdpKokv (]n∂oSvam¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv) skdmºqcn¬ h®v aeck`bpsS hnizmkw]nXm°∑msc Hcn°embn Adnbn®n´p≈ kXyhnizmkamsW∂pwA\yq-\-am-sW∂pw AXn¬ \n∂v H´pw hyXnNen°cpsX∂pw a‰pw Xs∂]Tn-∏n® Imcyw sIm®pXncpta\n Hm¿∏n®p. Aßs\ ]Tn∏n® tijwCt∏mƒ ]q¿ÆXbv°p th≠nbmsW∂pw am¿]m∏mbpsS Iognep≈k`sb a{Xta A\pkcn°mhq F∂pw a‰pw ]dv doØn¬ tN¿∂XvHcp ^mZ¿ekv ]cn]mSnbmbn´mWp X\n°p tXm∂p∂sX∂pw am¿]oeIvknt\mkv Xncpta\n A\p-kva-cn-∏n® Imcyw C∂pw Nne¿s°nepwHcp clkyas√∂p R߃°dnbmw. kwibap≈h¿°v Cu kw`mjWwt\cn´p tI´ ZrIvkm-£n-bmb hSt»-cn-bØv tPmk^v A®t\mSv (A∂vsiΩm-»≥) tNmZn®p a\ nem°m\mhpw.Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\Ønep≈hcn¬ Nne¿ Xncpta\nbpsS ASp°¬kwib \nhmcWØn\mbn sN∂p. Ah¿ `hyXtbmsS ssIapØnXncpta\ntbmSv ]dp."Xncpta\n, Hcp hnhcw tI´p.'"Ft¥m∂v hnhcw'"Xncpta\n doØn¬ tNcm≥ t]mIp∂psh∂v.'"At∏mgXp \nßfpw tI´p, At√.'At±lw sk{I´dn siΩm»s\ hnfn®v Xs‚ aWnt∏gvkvFSpØpsIm≠phcphm≥ ]dp. F∂n´v ImeW FSpØv Hcp{]amWnbpsS Iøn¬ sh®psImSpØn´v ]dp. "\o ChnsS \n∂p _ vIbdn ]pØ≥Imhv sXcphn¬ CdßWw. AhnsS Ings°Øe bv°¬ho´n¬ sN√ptºmƒ DΩdsØ NmcpItkcbn¬ XmSn\c® Hcp hey®≥

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 135Ccn°p∂Xp ImWmw. \o At±lØns‚ apJw t\m°n £WwXncn®ph∂v Fs‚ apJØv t\m°v.'B hm°pIfn¬ BflhnizmkØns‚tbm, k`mkvt\lØn s‚tbmXo£vWX ap‰n \n∂ncp∂p.]Wn°cp sa{Xm\pw, hmf°pgn sa{Xm\pw sIm®pXncpta\nsbdoØnte°v £Wn®v, £Wn®v £oWn®v himbn. Hcp apgpØ ao≥In´m≥ F{Xt\csa∂p sh®m Nq≠ sImfpØnb tImepw \o´n∏nSn®vCcn°pI. Cu kabw GtXm A⁄mXtI{µØn¬ \n∂v Hcp D{K≥{]tbmKw \S∂p. B {]tbmKØns‚ _p≤ntI{µw FhnsSbmbncp∂psht∂m, Bcmbncp∂psht∂m C∂pw hy‡ambn Adnhn√. D≠mbXvCXmWv. _Y\n kp∏ocnbdmbncp∂ ^mZ¿ Ipdnbmt°mkv H. sF. kn.AXns\∏‰n FgpXnb hnhcWw \ΩpsS apºm-sI-bp-≠v. AXv AtX-]Sn ]I¿Øs´ ("a[pckvacWIƒ', 1991, t]Pv 42˛43)."Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\Øns‚ ]pØ≥Imhv KohdpKokv am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv sa{Xmt∏meoØmbpsS {][m\ t\XrXzØn¬ am°mwIp∂vI¨h≥j≥ \S°p∂ Imew. ta¬]d hnZzm≥ Hcp tdma≥ItØmen°m sshZnIs‚ thjØn¬ am°mwIp∂v h∂ndßn.I¨h≥j≥ \SØn∏n¬ hym]rX\mbn Ignncp∂ sIm®pXncpta\nsb kao]n®v ssIapØn hW°ambn Adnbn®p.ASnb≥ doØnse C∂ A®\mWv, Xncpta\n doØn¬ tN¿∂p F∂p]dv CXm, Cu Atacn°≥ amknIbn¬ Xncpta\nbpsS ]Sw{]kn≤oIcn®ncn°p∂p.' A®≥ amknI \o´n°mWn®p.]pØ≥Imhn¬ Xncpta\n kw{`atØmSp IqSn amknI hmßn t\m°n.AXn\IØXm InS°p∂p Xncpta\nbpsS ]Sw. Nn{XØn∂Sn bn¬ henbA£cßfn¬ A®Sn®ncn°p∂Xv Xncp-ta\n hmbn®p.""Most Reverend Mar Philexinos M.A., B.D. the Most educated prelatein the Orthodox Syrian Church has embraced Catholicism.''Xncpta\n ASnapSn hnb¿Øp. "CΩmXncn sIm≈cpXmbvaIƒhntZißfn¬ {]Ncn∏n®n´mWv Cu doØpIm¿ ]Ww hcpØp∂Xv' F∂vXncpta\n tZjys∏´v ]dp'.Fßns\bp≠v doØv _p≤n! C{]Imcw Fs¥√mw theØc߃doØv kJm°ƒ ]‰n®ncn°p∂p. am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkns\ doØnte°vdm©n FSp°m≥ Xs‚ Ignhns‚ ]camh[n am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv{]tbmKn®p t\m°n. B {]bXv\w ^ehØmbn√. B Acn thhn °m≥sh® sh≈w ASp∏Øp \n∂pw Cd°n sht°≠n h∂p.lXmi\mb am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv HSphn¬ ]cmPnX\mbn amfØnte°p Xe hen®p. am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv Imew sNbvXv `uXnIicocw

136 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvsIm≠ph∂t∏mƒ A¥yZ¿i\Øn\mbn am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv h∂parXtZlw I≠v hWßn At¥ym]Nmcw A¿∏n®p. CXn\nSbn¬ D≠mbHcp kw`hw _Y\nbnse ^mZ¿ Ipdnbmt°mkv RßtfmSv ]dn´p≈Xp IqSn ChnsS ]dbs´. arXtZlw kµ¿in°m≥ hnhn[ k`Ifnseta¬∏´°mcpw, sshZnIcpw, P\ßfpw ]gbskan\mcnbn¬ Xnßn\ndv \oßns°m≠ncp∂p. _Y\nbnse AeIvkntbmkv am¿ tXthmtZmtkymkpw Iq´Øn¬ apt∂m´v \S°p∂p≠v. At±lØns‚ IqsS_Y\nbnse Ipdnbmt°mk®\pw D≠v. tXthmtZmtkymkv AXy[nIwZpxJØn emWv. At±lw Xebpw XmgvØn aµw aµw \S°p∂p. Bkabw am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv h∂v tXthmtZmtkymkns‚ sXm´p]pdIn¬FØn. h¿j߃°v apºv c≠pt]cpw B{iaÿ∑mcmbn s]cp\mSv_Y\nbnse aeapIfnse ]p¬°pSnen¬ IgnhcmWv. Ct∏mƒ c≠pt]cpw ta¬∏´°mcmbn. c≠p `n∂I£nIfnepambn. am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv, tXthmtZmtkymkns‚ tXmfn¬, \S∂pt]mIp∂Xn\nSbn¬]Xps° X´n. tXthmtZmtkymkv s]s´∂v Xncnp t\m°n. Xs‚ ]gbKpcphns\ I≠ am{Xbn¬ sa{Xm®s‚ apJØp≠mb hnImc`mh߃h¿Æ\mXoXambncp∂p! Ipdnbmt°mk®≥ B A]q¿∆ kwKawt\m°n\n∂p.]pØ≥Imhv Xncpta\nbpsS \ncymWØn¬ A\ptimNn°m≥Xncph\¥]pcØp IqSnb tbmKØn¬ A≤y£X hln®psIm≠v B¿®v_nj∏v am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv C{]Imcw ]dp:"Hcp kapZmbØn\p th≠nb√, F√m kapZmb߃°pw th≠nPohn® alm\mbncp∂p am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv. At±lw Ipd®pImew IqSnPohn®ncp∂pshn¬ k`sb Ae´ns°m≠ncn°p∂ ]e {]iv\߃°pw ]cnlmcap≠mIpambncp∂p. \mw ItØmen°m k`bnte°vt]mIphm≥ \n›bn®t∏mƒ A∂v dºm®\mbncp∂ At±lw \sΩ BXocpam\Øn¬ \n∂v ]n≥Xncn∏n∏m≥ {ian®Xv At±lØns‚kapZmbkvt\lØn\v DØa DZmlcWamWv. skdmºq¿ sshZnItImfPn¬ sh®v \mw At±lsØ ]Tn∏n°pIbpw D≠mbn´p≠v.`mcXØn\p s]mXpthbpw, tIcfØn\p {]tXyIn®pw hºn® \jvSamWvXncpta\nbpsS hntbmKw aqew t\cn´ncn°p∂Xv' (am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkvkph\n¿ 1951, t]Pv 68 ˛ 69).

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 13724k`m sk{I-´-dn-tb‰v ˛k^-e-am-ImØ tamlwae-ck`bv°v i‡-amb Hcp `cW kwhn-[m\w D≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂vB{K-ln® ]pØ≥Imhv Xncp-ta\n AXn-\mbn hf-sc-tbsd {]b-Xv\n-®p.A°m-eØv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS kncmtI{µw tIm´bw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ImtXm-en°m ˛ ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS Bÿm-\-hpw, sshZnIskan-\m-cnbpw F√mw AhnsSØs∂. k`-bnse F√m`{Zm-k-\-ß-fn-te°pw Ab-t°≠ Iev]-\-Ifpw, a‰v \n¿t±-i-ß-fpw, CXck`-I-fpw, hnhn[ ÿm]-\-ß-fp-am-bp≈ FgpØp-Ip-Øp-Ifpw F√mw ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS B^o-kn¬ \n∂p thWw Ab-°m≥. hfsc]cn-anX kuI-cy-ßtf ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. hfsc DZmko-\-ambcoXn-bn-emWv AhnsS Imcy-߃ \S∂p h∂-Xpw. k`mtI{µ-Øn-te°v Bsc-nepw Hcp IØ-b-®m¬ AXn\v t\cØpw ImeØpwA∂pw hy‡-amb adp-]Sn In´n-sb∂p hcn-√.apf-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-tZm-kn\v ap≥]v ae--c-bn¬ Hcp sa{Xm-t∏meoØmam{Xw D≠m-bn-cp∂ ImeØp HutZym-KnI Imcy-߃ \S-Øns°m≠pt]mIp-∂-Xn\v Hcp "B∏okv' D≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v ]gb Xeap-d-°m¿Nn¥n®p ImWn-√. `cW kw_-‘-amb Xocp-am-\-߃ P\-ßtf-bpw,]≈n-°m-tcbpw Adn-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp ssd´¿, AYhm Kpa-ÿ≥D≠m-bm¬ aXn-bm-Ipw. Abmƒ°v \ne-Øn-cp∂v IS-emkv sh®v Fgp-Xp-∂-Xn\v Hcp s]´n-tbm, Dbcw Ipd sNdnb tai-tbm, Hcp ajn-°p-∏n,Ht∂m ct≠m Ão¬ s]≥, Hcp s]≥kn¬, C{Xbpw Ds≠-n¬ A∂sØB∏o-km-bn. Ikm-e-bn¬ Ccp∂v tai-∏p-dØp sh®v Fgp-XpI F∂ ]WnA∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]pev]mb hncn®v \neØv Ccp-∂mWv Fgp-Øv. AXn-\mWv s]´n-tbm, Dbcw Ipd taitbm D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. sa{Xm-t∏meo-Øm-bpsSXo¿∏p-Ifpw, \n¿t±-i-ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ I¬∏-\-I-fpsScXv\-®p-cp-°-tam, hfsc {]m[m-\y-ap-≈-h-bpsS ]I¿∏p-Itfm FgpXnsh°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp "Iev]\ _p°v' IqSn Ds≠-n¬ B∏okv ]q¿Æ-am-bn.AXnepw ]pcm-X\ ImeØv sa{Xms‚ Iev]-\-Iƒ Hme-bn¬ FgpXn Abbv°m-dm-Wv]Xnhv. A∂v tIc-f-Øn¬ s]mXpsh Hme-°-c-W-ß-fm-bncp∂pD≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. sIm√w 955 anYp\w 15 \p am¿tØmΩm 6˛ma≥ (henbam¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kv) Hme-bn¬ Hcp Iev]\ Fgp-Xn-b-XmbnNcn{X{KŸ-ß-fn¬ ImWmw. \ncWw {KŸhcn apgp-h≥ Hme-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-W-t√m. Hme-bn¬ Fgp-Xp∂ ImeØv Hcp \mcm-b-hpw, Ipsd

138 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvHmebpw, Hme- ap-dn-°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp ]n»m--Ønbpw D≠m-bm¬ A∂sØB^o-km-bn. Hme-bpw, \mcm-b-hpw am‰n h®v IS-em-kn¬ Fgp-Xm≥ XpSßnbcoXn bmsXmcp am‰hpw IqSmsX hfsc \mƒ \o≠p. Ime-Øn-\-SpØ ]cn-jvIm-c-߃ thW-sa∂v ]ecpw apd-hnfn Iq´m≥ XpS-ßn-b-Xns‚^e-ambn \ne-Øn-cp∂v Fgp-Xp∂ ]Xnhv Dt]-£n®v Fgp-Xp∂ Bƒ°vtai-bpw, Itk-cbpw e`n-®p. 1944 emWv Ipsd-°qSn kuI-cy-߃ Hm^okn¬D≠m-I-W-sa∂ k`m t\Xm-°≥am-cpsS \n¿t±-isØ ae-c sa{Xmt∏m-eoØmssha-\-ky-tØm-sS-sb-nepw kΩ-Xn-®-Xv.]≈n-I-fn¬ A`n-{]mbhyXym-k-ß-fpw, hg-°p-Ifpw D≠m-IpI km[mc-W-am-W-t√m.Ah kw_-‘n® ]cm-Xn-Iƒ tI´v Xo¿∏p Iev]n-°pI{]bm-k-ap≈ Imcy-am-bn-cp-∂p. \mep I£n-Iƒ Ds≠-n¬ \mem-bn-cn°pwA`n-{]m-bw. Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Ah-c-h-cpsS hmZ-K-Xn-°p≈ sXfn-hp-I-fpw,tcJ-Ifpw lmP-cm-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. BZyw hcp∂ Bfns‚ hmZ-ßfpwsXfn-hp-Ifpw tI´v Hcp Xo¿∏v I¬∏n-°pw. At∏m-tg°pw c≠m-asØ]m¿´n ]gbskan-\m-cn-bpsS ]Sn- I-S∂v hcpw. Abm-fpsS hmZw tI´vas‰mcp Xo¿∏v I¬∏n-°pw. AXm hcp∂p aq∂m-aXv Hcp Iq´¿. ap≥]vc≠p t]¿°pw sImSp-Ø-Xn¬ \n∂v hn`n-∂-amb Hcp Iev]-\bpw sIm≠vaq∂m-a≥am¿ aS-ßpw. ]ns∂ \mem-asØ kwL-Øns‚ Dug-am-bn. hfsc{]_-e-\mb Hcp t\Xm-hn-s\bpw sIm≠m-bn-cn°pw Ah-cpsS hc-hv.At∏mƒ Ah¿°v A\p-Iq-e-amb Hcp Xocp-am-\-am-bn-cn°pw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-I. Aßs\ Hcp X¿°w kw_-‘n®v ct≠m, aqt∂m,\mtem Xc-Øn-ep≈ Xo¿∏p-Iƒ I¬∏n-°-s∏-SpI Akm[m-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p F∂p Icp-Xm≥ hø. AXp aqe-ap-≠m-Ip∂ Bi-b-°p-g-∏-߃ Xo¿∏pI¬∏n® sa{Xm-®s\ hfsc iey-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb∂v ]d-bm\pw ]‰n-√.""X\n°v F¥p Xocp-am\w sNøm-\p-ap≈ A[n-Imcw D≠v'' F∂m-bn-cp∂phtbm-hr-≤-\mb ImtXm-en-t°mkv ˛ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS Dd® t_m[w.]cm-Xn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-I, Ah kw_-‘n® {]mY-anI hnh-c-߃ tiJcn-°pIF∂nh Hm^okv apJm-¥ncw {Ia-ambn sNø-W-sa∂v A`n-{]m-bap-≠m-bn.FSp-°p∂ Xo¿∏ns‚ A ¬ B∏o-kn¬ kq£n-°p-I-bpw, AhHmtcm tIm∏n I£n-Iƒ°v Ab-bv°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠n-bn-cp-∂p. CXns\√mw\√ k÷o-I-c-W-tØmSp IqSn-bp≈ Hcp Hm^okpw Bh-iy-ambnh∂p. AXn-\p≈ kwhn-[m\w sNøm-\mWv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncpta\n{ian-®-Xv.h¿j-ß-fmbn XpS¿∂phcp∂ Hcp coXn am‰n ]pXnb Hcp k{º-ZmbwAh-ew-_n-°p-∂-Xn\v ]‰n-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂n√ ]gbskan-\m-cn-bnse A¥-co-£w. tIkpw, hg°pw sIm≠v k`m-¥-co-£hpw Iep-jn-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. F{XIjvS-s∏´v {]h¿Øn-®mepw ^e-an-√. CXn-s\-°p-dn®v "_tY-ense Xmac'F∂ sNdp{KŸ-Øn¬ ]mØm-ap´w Fw. kn. Ipdn-bm-t°m-kv d-ºm≥

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 139Cßs\ ]-d-bp-∂p (t]Pv 5): ""aWn-°q-dn¬ aq∂c ssa¬ Xpg-bp-hm≥Ign-hp≈ Hcp h≈-°m-c≥, aWn-°q-dn¬ \mep ssa¬ thK-Øn¬ Hgp-Ip∂ Hcp \Zn-bn¬ IqsS Hgp-°n-s\-Xn-cmbn Xpg-m¬ aWn-°q-dn¬Ac ssa¬ ]pd-tIm-´m-bn-cn°pw t]mIp-∂-Xv F∂Xv kv]jvS-am-W-t√m.ae-ck`-bn¬ kap-Zmb tkh-\-Øn\v Cd-ßn-bn-´p≈ an°-h-cp-sSbpwA\p-`hw CXm-Wv. X∑qew Nne¿ Hgp°p Ipd imJ-I-fn-te°p amdn.a‰p Nne¿ Xpg-®n¬ \n¿Øn Icbv°p NmSn. F∂m¬ am¿ ]oe-Ivknt\mkmIs´Hgp-°n-s\-Xn-cmbn ÿntcm-’m-l-tØmsS Ccp-]Xp h¿jtØmfwXpgv aWn-°q-dn¬ \mec ssa¬ Xpg-b-Ø° ˛ AXm-bXvAc- ssa¬ ]ptcm-K-an-°-Ø° ÿnXn-bn-te°p IS-∂n-cn-°-th-bs{XBbp- ns‚ a≤yØn¬ 1951 G{]n¬ 17 \p A{]-Xo-£n-X-ambn Ip∂w-Ipfw ac-Ø-tm´p Nm∏-en¬ sh®v Imew sNbvX-Xv.''k`m sk{I-´-dnt-b‰v sI´n-∏-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]mY-anI ]cn-{i-a-sØ-°p-dn®v ]mØm-ap´w Fw. kn. Ipdn-bm-t°mkv dºm≥ Xs‚ ta¬∏-d{KŸ-Øn¬ ]d-n-cn-°p-∂Xv {i≤n-°mw. ""...... BgvN-bn¬ Hcn-°¬ kpdnbm\nskan-\m-cn-bn¬ sN∂p _mhm Xncp-ta-\nsb kµ¿in-°p-∂Xpwkap-Zmb B∏o-kn¬ Ibdn Imcy-߃ At\z-jn-°p-∂Xpw At±lw ]Xnhm-°n.B∏okp Imcy-߃ Iptd-°qsS {Ia-ambpw, Du¿÷n-X-ambpwt\mt°-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-sW∂v At±-l-Øn\p t_m≤y-s∏-´p. Npa-Xe-s∏-Sp-Øp∂GXp Imcyhpw F{Xbpw IWn-i-ambn Cu enJn-Xmhp (Fw.kn. Ipdn-bm-t°mkv dºm≥) sNøp-sa∂p Fw. F. Nmt°m, H. Fw. sNdnbm≥,F. Fw. h¿°n, amØ≥ am∏nf apX-em-b-h¿ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSp ]d-n-´p-s≠-∂pw, Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw A`n-{]mbw AXp Xs∂-bm-sW∂pwIgn s^{_p-hcn amkw 28˛mw XobXn (1951) Xncp-ta\n ChnsS Fs‚hmkÿeØp h∂v Ft∂mSp I¬∏n-°bpw, B∏o-kns‚ Npa-Xe Rm≥Itø¬°-W-sa∂p \n¿_-‘n-°bpw sNbvXp. apºp Rm≥ kap-Zmbsk{I-´-dn-bm-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ B ÿm\w cmPn sh°p-∂-Xn\pw, ]n∂oSpaq∂c h¿j-tØmfw Ip≠d sslkvIqƒ Id-kvt]m-≠‚m-bn-cp∂ tijw1951 P\p-h-cn-bn¬ B tPmen-bn¬ \n∂p ]n≥am-dp-∂-Xn\pw CS-bm-°nba¿Ωt`ZI hkvXp-X-Iƒ Xncp-ta-\nsb Rm≥ A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw,Ct∏mƒ c≠p amk-tØm-f-ambn kzÿ-ambn ]¿ssZkm kZr-i-amb {]im-¥X Bkz-Zn®psIm≠n-cn-°p∂ Fs∂ iey-I-c-amb tPmen-Iƒ°p \n¿_-‘n-°-cp-sX∂v At]-£n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fnepw ]cn-]q¿Æ ]n¥pWhmKvZm\w sNbvXpsIm≠p≈ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS \bhntij \n¿_-‘-Øn\p Rm≥ hiw-h-Z-\mbn tPmen kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v At±-l-tØmSpIqsS A∂p skan-\m-cn-bn¬ sN∂p. \nkzm¿∞≥am-cm-bn-cp∂ Nmt°m,sNdn-bm≥, h¿°n, amØ≥ apXemb knwl]pcpj≥am-cpsS ImewIgnp t]mbn F∂v ]e-t∏m-gp-sa∂ {]Imcw At∏mgpw F\n°p

140 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvt_m≤y-am-Ibpw Rm≥ B^o-kns‚ Npa-Xe `c-ta-‰m¬ At∏m-gsØtI{µ {]h¿Ø-I-cnse Nne kzm¿∞X¬∏-c-cn¬ \n∂v {]Xn-Iqe kml-N-cy-߃ [mcm-f-ambn D≠m-Ip-sa∂v F\n°p a\- n-em-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.am{X-a√ kap-Zmb B^o-kn¬ Hcp ]pXnb DtZymKw krjvSn-°p-hm≥Xpº-a¨ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°pw, AXv kzoI-cn-°m≥ F\n°pw D≈Ah-Imiw F¥v Fs∂mcp \nba {]iv\hpw D∂o-X-am-bn. BI-bm¬]ns‰ Znhkw ˛ am¿®v H∂n\p ˛ aq∂p aWn°v R߃ aS-ßn. At±lwFs∂ At±-l-Øns‚ Imdn¬ Xncp-\-°c hsc sIm≠ph∂p. AhnsSh®p Rm≥ Cd-ßn. At±lw ]cm-Pn-X-\m-b-Xn-ep≈ a\-kvXm-]-tØmsSssIapØn bm{X ]dv ChnsS ]mØm-ap-´-tØ°p t]m∂p. At±lwHcp ih-a-S°w {]am-Wn®v B hgn dm∂n°pw t]mbn. ]n∂oSv R߃]c-kv]cw I≠n-´n√. AXp Rß-fpsS A¥y bm{X]d-®n¬ Bbn-cp∂p!kap-Zmb ]ptcm-K-a-\m¿∞w IjvS-s∏-´pw, \jvS-s∏-´pw, tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-°p-hm≥ Bib kº-∂-\mb B Xncp-ta-\nsb At±-l-Øns‚A¥xIcWw G‰hpw i‡n-bmbn {]tNm-Zn-∏n®psIm≠n-cp∂ Ime-L-´-Øn-es{X At±lw A¥-cn®p t]mbXp F∂ hkvXpX F{Xbpwa¿Ωt`ZIam-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXpw ae-ck`-bpsS Ncn-{X-Øn¬ s\Sp-\osfImW-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp A\p-`h `mKy-lo-\-X-b-s{X.''am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kns‚ k`m sk{I-´-dn-tb-‰ns\°pdn-®p≈ kz]v\wAc \q‰m≠p Ign-n´pw Ct∏mgpw k^-eo-I-cn-®n-´n-√. Hm^okpw a‰pwtZh-tem-I-tØ°v am‰n-sb-nepw sk{I-´-dnt-b-‰n\v am{X-ambn Hcp sI´n-Shpw, AXn¬ Hmtcm `{Zm-k-\-Øn\pw Hmtcm Hm^okpw D≠m-°p-hm≥Btem-N-\-Iƒ \S-°p-∂-tX-bp-≈q.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 14124k`m kam-[m-\hpwXncpta\nbpwae-ck`-bn¬ kam-[m\w D≠m-bn-°m-Wm≥ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkvAXn-bmbn B{K-ln-®p. F∂m¬ kam-[m-\-Øn-\p- th≠n AXn-c‰ hn´pho-gvN-IƒsNøm≥ Hcp-°-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. CtXkabw ae-ck`-bpsS]ptcm-K-Xn°v k`m- k-am-[m\w Bh-iy-am-sW∂v Adn-bm-am-bn-cp∂pXm\pw. 1938 ˛se Bephm h´-tai ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ Xncp-ta\n tbmPn-∏n\v A\p-Iqe-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. sa{Xm≥ I£nbnse ta¬∏´-°m-cp-sS -X-ebn¬ssIsh®v {]m¿∞n® tijta kzoI-cn-°p-I-bp-≈p F∂ ISpw-]n-SpØw am¿ bqen-tbmkv sIm≠p h∂-t∏mƒ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kn-\v kln-°m-\m-bn-√. ""{]m¿∞n-°p-∂-sX√mw sIm≈mw. ]s£ Fs‚ Xe-bn¬ssIsh°m≥ Bcpw hc-cp-Xv. ssIb-Iew \n∂n´p aXn {]m¿∞\'' F∂vAt±lw tZjy-s∏´v ]dp. B h´-tai ktΩ-f-\-Øn\p tij-am-Wt√mHutK≥ am¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv ImtXm-en°m `mK-tØ°v h∂-Xv. A°mcy-Øn¬am¿ HutKs\ t{]cn-∏n®Xpw {][m-\-ambpw am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkvBbn-cp-∂p. kuIcyw In´p-tºm-sg√mw, am¿ HutKs\ kµ¿in®v ImtXmen°m`mK-tØ°v £Wn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Hcn-°¬ A¿≤cm{XnbnemWvHutK≥ Xncp-ta-\nsb ImWm≥ aq∆m‰p]pg Ac-a-\-bn-te°vIbdns®∂-Xv. A∂v Xncp-ta\nbpsSsbm∏w D≠m-bn-cp∂ Ip∂w-IpfwkztZin sNΩ-Æq¿ ]t{Xmkv siΩm-i≥ Rß-tfmSv B hnhcw ]d-n-´p-≠v. AXn-s\-°p-dn®v R߃ "ae-c k`-bnse ImtXm-en°mam¿'F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v (t]Pv 556 ˛ 557). B `mKw D≤-cn-°p∂p:""Imew IS-∂-t∏mƒ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv `mK-tØmSv tN¿∂p≈ \n¬∏vam¿ HutK\p Atcm-N-I-ambn tXm∂n-Øp-S-ßn. At¥ym-Jybnse tamiambkmº-ØnI ÿnXn-Iƒ t\cn¬ I≠v a\- n-em-°nb Xncp-ta-\n°vioa-°m-cpsS ChnsS h∂p≈ hºp ]d-®n-epw, [n°m-chpw, ae-ck`sbASn-a-bm°n `cn-°Wsa-∂p≈ Zpcm-{K-lhpw kln-°-h-øm-Xm-bn. …o_mam¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kn\p tijw At¥ym-Jym {]Xn-\n[n F∂- t]cn¬Hcp Ip´n∏m{Xn-b¿°o-kns\t∏mse ChnsS Ignph∂ am¿ bqen-tbmkp-ambn]e XhW CSp. hnL-Sn®p \n¬°p-∂Xp sIm≠v {]tbm-P-\-an-s√-∂pw, ae-ck`-bpsS c£bv°v ImtXm-ent°‰pambn tbmPn®v{]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xp sImt≠ ^e-ap-≈p-sh-∂pw, B D¬∏-XnjvWp a\-n-em°n. ]m{Xn-b¿°okpw, ImtXm-en-°m-bpw, XΩn¬ kam-[m-\-Øn-se-

142 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvØp-hm≥ ]e {ia-߃ At±lw \S-Øn. ImtXm-en°m _mhmsbs°m≠v kam-[m-\-Øn\p th≠n ]c-am-h[n hn´phogvN-Iƒ sNøn-°p-hm≥HutK\p Ign-p. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv `mKsØ ]nSn-hmin aqew kam-[m\N¿®-Iƒ F√mw XI¿∂-t∏mƒ ImtXm-en°m `mK-tØ°v amdp-hm-\p≈\o°-߃ i‡-ambn Bcw-`n-®p.C°mcy-߃ Ipsd-sb√mw ImtXm-en°m `mKhpw Adn-n-cp-∂p. kap-Zm-b-t°-kns‚ hnkvXmcw tIm´bw Pn√m-t°m-S-Xn-bn¬ \S∂phcp∂ Ahkcw.{]Xn-`mKw aq∂mw km£n-bmbn Fw. F. Nmt°m, lmP-cmbn samgnsImSp-Øn-cp-∂p. ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ Bbn-cp∂p Xmakw. 1941 HmKÃp25 -˛\v cmhnse Ipº-km-cn®v hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\ ssIs°m≠v tImS-Xn-bnte°vt]mIp-hm≥ Cd-ßnbt∏mƒ lrt{ZmKw aqew s]s´∂v acn-®p.ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpw, am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kpw Nmt°m-bpsS CS-h-IbmbXriq¿ ]Sn-m-sd-tIm´ sk‚ v Ct·-jykv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv tZhmebskan-tØ-cn-bn¬ \S∂ Fw. F. Nmt°m-bpsS I_-d-S-°-Øn¬ kw_-‘n-®p.I_-d-S-°w Ignv sshZnI hnZym¿∞n-Ifpw a‰pw bm{X sNbvX_kpw, ImtXm-en°m _mhmbpw, am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkpw Ib-dnb Imdpwaq∆m‰p]pg FØn-b-t∏mƒ aptº t]mbn-cp∂ _mhm-bpw, sa{Xm-®\pwIb-dn-b Im¿ hgn-bpsS Hmcw tN¿∂v \n¿Øn. _knse siΩm-i-∑mcpsSIq´-Øn¬ \n∂v aq∂p t]tcmSv Cdßn hcm≥ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkvBh-iy-s∏-´p. Ah-cn¬ Hcmƒ sNΩ-Æq¿ ]t{Xmkv siΩm-i-\m-bn-cp-∂p.kabw A¿≤cm{Xn. \√ ag-°mew. \nemhp t]mep-an√. Hcp tSm¿®v siΩmi-∑m-cn¬Hcm-fpsS ssIbn¬ sImSpØv ASp-Øp≈ HutK≥ Xncp-ta-\nbpsSAca\bn¬ sN∂v _mhm-bpw, sa{Xm-®\pw h∂n-´p-s≠∂p≈hnhcw ]d-bm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´p. \ni-bpsS \ni_vZX. Ac-a\ F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ sIm®p hoSns‚ ap‰Øv FØn-b-t∏mƒ AIØv Ccp-´n-t\mSvam∏v tNmZn®psIm≠v Hcp sIm®p Zo]w am{Xw. IX-In\p X´n-b-t∏mƒFgp-t∂‰v h∂Xv am¿ HutK≥ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- si-Ωmi∑msc I≠t∏mƒXncp-ta\n sXs√m∂v Aº-c-∂p.- A-h¿ Imcyw DW¿Øn-®p. Xn-cpta\ni_vZw XmgvØn ]Xps°∏d-p. ""Imcy-߃ F√mw Rm≥ icns∏-SpØnhcp∂ps≠∂v B_q-t\mSv ]d-b-Ww. Ct∏mƒ Fs∂ I≠vkwkm-cn-°p-∂Xv A]-I-S-am-Wv. ]mXn-cm-{Xn-bpsS \a-kv°m-c-Øn\vB_q\v Nm∏-en¬ Ib-d-W-sa-n¬ Xmt°m¬ CXm. Rm≥ Nm∏-en-te°vhcp-∂n-√. H´pw hnj-an-°-cp-sX∂pw F√mw icn-bm-Ip-sa∂pw B_qs\[cn-∏n-°-Ww.'' -Xn-cp-ta\n IX-I-S-®p. _mhm-bpw, am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kpw,aq∂v siΩm-i-∑mcpw Nm∏-en-te°v Ib-dn. sau\ {]m¿∞\ \SØnXncn®pt]m∂p. ImtXm-en°m `mK-tØ°v am¿ HutK≥ amdm≥ t]mIp∂hnhcw Adnv AXv At\z-jn®v dnt∏m¿´v sNøm≥ am¿ bqen-tbmkv

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 143\ntbm-Kn® ZqX≥ A∂v Ac-a-\-bn¬ Iymºv sNbvXn-cp-∂p-sh∂ hkvXpX]n∂o-SmWv am¿ HutK≥ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv.am¿ bqen-tbm-kns‚ `oj-Wnbvt°m ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ apS°v Iev]-\bvt°m HutK≥ am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbm-kns\ XSp \n¿Øm-\m-bn√.1942 HIvtSm-_¿ 9 sh≈n-bmgvN I≠-\mSv `{Zm-k\ CS-hI∏≈n {]Xn-]pcp-j-tbmKwaq∆m‰p]pg Ac-a-\-bn¬ IqSn. B tbmKw ImtXm-en-t°m-kn-\pw, ]pØ≥Imhv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkn\pw lrZy-amb kzoI-cWw \¬In.am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbm-kns‚ kpt{¥m-Wntkm-bpw AhnsS h®v \S-∂p. XZh-k-c-Øn¬am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv ae-c k`-bn¬ ÿm]n-X-amb ImtXmen°mknwlm-k-\sØ°pdn®pw AXn¬ hmW-cp-fp∂ ]. _mhm Xncpta-\n-sb-°p-dn-®pw-Hcp Kw`o-c- {]-kwKw \S-Øn. tcJ-s∏-SpØn sht°≠Hcp {]kw-K-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. Ip∂w-Ipfw {]kwKw FgpXn FSpØt]mse tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-n-√. \nXym-£-c-am-Ip-am-bn-cp∂ B D÷e{]kwKw `mhn Xe-ap-dbv°v ssIamdm≥ Ign-bmsX h∂Xpw Hcp henb\jvSw Xs∂-bmWv. C{X \√ {]kwKw AtX hsc Xm≥ tI´n-´n-√m-bncp∂pF∂mWv HutK≥ sa{Xm-®≥ ÿm]n® hS-Ic sslkvIq-fns‚{]i-kvX-\mb slUvam-Ã-dpw, am¿ HutKs‚ hewssIbmbn {]h¿Øn®[oc-\p-am-bn-cp∂ sNΩ-pg kn. Fkv. kvIdnb IØ-\m¿ ]n∂oSv {]kvXmhn-®Xv.k`m kam-[m\ Imcy-ß-fn¬ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-k-ns‚ \ne-]mSns\kw_-‘n®v kn. ]n. tPm¿÷v Ipgn-a‰w Cßns\ ]d-bp-∂p: ""BZyImeØvk`-bpsS tbmPn∏p kw_-‘n®p Nne A`n-{]mb `n∂-X-Iƒ At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-nepw ]n¬°m-eØv k`-bpsS ]ptcm-K-a-\-Øn¬tbmPn∏v AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-sW∂v At±lw hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p. Nnßh\wh´-tai ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ At±lw klm-b-I-c-amb Hcp \ne-]m-SmWvkzoI-cn-®-Xv. ktΩ-f\ hyh-ÿ-Iƒ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv \nc-kn®p Ign-t∏mƒAt±-l-Øn\v Ipd®p \oc-k-am-bn. At±lw I¿Ω-cw-KØv {]thin-°m≥Rm≥ Fgp-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p. adp-]Sn e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v Ime-Xmakap≠m-bn-´n-√.Bep-hm-bnse {KntKm-dn-tbmkv (h-b-en-∏-d-ºn¬ Xncpta-\n)sa{Xms\ I≠v kam-[m-\m-tem-N\ ]p\-cm-cw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\v Rm≥ho≠pw B`y¿∞n-®p. AXn\v e`n® adp-]-Sn-bnse Hcp hmNIw CXm:“No useful purpose is served in meeting Mar Gregorios; he is only waitingto step into the shoes of Mar Athanasios” (ae-ck`m amknI, G{]n¬1983, t]Pv 22).Nnß-h\w ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ]s-Sp-°m≥ 1950 P\p-hcn 9 \v ImtXmen°m_mhmtbmSpw a‰p sa{Xm-∑m-tcmSpw IqSn am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkpwNnß-h\w At{]w skan-\m-cn-bn¬ FØn-bn-cp-∂p. am¿ AØm-\m-kntbmkvHgn-®p≈ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv `mKsØ sa{Xm-∑mcpw AhnsS FØn-

144 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvt®¿∂p. ta¬]´-°m-cpsS IqSn-bm-tem-N-\-Iƒ°v tijw \mev HØpXo¿∏vhyh-ÿ-Iƒ D≠m-°n. 1. At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°okv BI-am\ k`bpsSXe-h-\m-Ip-∂p. 2. Ct∏mƒ c≠mbn \nesIm≈p∂ ae-ck`-bpsStbmPn-∏n-\mbn ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ae--csb Hcp ImtXm-en-t°‰mbn {]Jym-]\w sNøWw. 3. Cu XXz-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-SpØn ]m{Xn-b¿°okpw,ImtXm-en-t°mkpw IqSn F{Xbpw thKw tbmPn®p sNøp∂ Xocp-am\wCcp-`m-K-tØbpw ta¬∏-´-°m¿ kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. 4. CXv ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns\Adn-bn-°m≥ bqen-tbmkp sa{Xms\ Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. XpS¿∂v Xocpam-\-߃\S-∏n¬ hcm≥ Hcp IΩ-‰nsb \ntbm-Kn®p. ""F√mw icnbmbn''F∂v am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv AhnsS IqSn-bn-cp-∂-h-tcmSv {]kw-K-Øn¬]d-p. ""kam-[m-\-Øns‚ ]q¿ÆX hnZq-c-a√. ]q¿Æ-amb A`n-{]mbsFIyw D≠m-Ip-hm≥ {]m¿∞n-°Ww'' F∂v bqen-tbmkp sa{Xm\pw{]kw-Kn-®p.XpS¿∂v IΩ‰n-°m-¿ IqSn Btem-N\ \SØn Hcp dnt∏m¿´v Xømdm°n.CXns\ "Nnß-h\w t‰wkv' F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. ]Øp hyh-ÿ-IƒD≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A_vZ¬ ain-lm-bn¬ \n∂p e`n® ImtXm-en-t°‰v C√m-Xm-°p-∂-Xpw, ae--c-bnse ImtXm-en-°m-am-cn¬ \n∂p ÿm\w e`n-®-hcpsSÿm\-ß-fpw, Ah¿ \S-Ønb IqZm-i-I-fpw ^e-iq-\y-ß-sf∂p{]Jym-]n-°p∂Xpamb hyh-ÿ-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°m≥ ImtXm-en-t°mkpwA\p-bm-bn-Ifpw aSn-®p. HSp-hn¬ `oj-Wn-bp-sS-bpw, \n¿_-‘-Øn-t‚bpwt]cn¬ ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpw, am¿ tXthm-tZm-tkymkv Hgn-®p≈ ta¬∏-´-°mcpw (am¿ tXthm-tZm-tkymkv Cu hyh-ÿ-I-fn¬ Ip]n-X-\mbn Cdßn-t∏m-bn.At±-lsØ XS-bm≥ Xo{h-hm-Zn-I-fmb kwLm-S-I¿°pt]mepw km[n-®n√) H∏n-´p. ]. ImtXm-en-°m_mhm ]ns‰ Znhkw sNbvX{]kvXm-h-\-bn¬ ]d-p: ""....... kwK-Xn-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ A]-I-S-I-c-am-Ipsa∂pI≠v, amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-bpsS AwKo-Im-c-Øn\p hnt[-b-am-bn-´msW∂v]d-v, ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn\v \mw Ab®p sImSp-°m-sa∂v tcJ-s∏-SpØn B hyh-ÿ-I-fn¬ H∏p sh®p. ...'']mtd´v ]d-bp∂p, ""a\-xi‡n hfsc C√mØ ImtXm-en-t°m-kns\tlan®v H∏n-Sp-hn-°-bmWv sNbvX-sX-∂pw, AXp ImcWw At±-l-Øn\pAXn-bmb a\x{]bmkw D≠mbn F∂pw ]c-ky-am-bn. ""]oe-Ivkn-t\mkvsa{Xm-®-\pw, Zoh-∂m-tkymkv sa{Xm-®-\pw, Fs∂ NXn®p'' F∂v At±lw]d-p.''Ipsd s]mSn]Sew A¥-co-£-Øn¬ Db¿Øn Nnß-h\w ktΩ-f\wAh-km-\n-®p. AXn¬ ]s-SpØ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bnse ta¬∏-´-°m-cn¬ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv, ]Ø-\m-]pcw tXmΩm am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkvF∂n-h¿ ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpsS \oc-k-Øn\p ]m{X-am-bn. "Ipfn-°msX Cud≥ Npa-°-pI' F∂p ]d A\p-`-h-amWv c≠p ta¬∏-´-

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 145°m¿°pw D≠m-b-Xpw. At{]w skan-\m-cn-bnse Nnß-h\w ktΩ-f-\-Ønse NqSp]nSn® A¥-co-£-Øn¬ hnZymkº-∂-cmb B c≠p ta¬∏-´-°m-sc-bmWv kam-[m\ N¿®-Iƒ°v ap≥ ssIsbSpØ "]okv eoKv'bphm-°ƒ `ojWn apg°n hfpsh®-Xv. A∂v Ah-cpsS \n¿_-‘-Øn\v hgn-s∏-´v \n¬t°≠n h∂Xp sIm≠mWv Cu NXn ]‰n-b-Xv.]n∂oSv ImtXm-en°m _mhmbv°v Cu ]c-am¿∞w c≠p sa{Xm-∑mcpwt_m≤y-s∏-SpØns°mSp-Øp. At{]w skan-\m-cn-bnse A∂sØ A¥co£wtami-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v ]. _mhm kΩ-Xn-®p. "hmf‚n-b¿am-cpsS]S-b-Wn-°p-≈n¬ _lp-am-\-s∏´ XS-hp-Im-cmbn'°gn-- taev∏-´-°m¿°vA`n-{]mbw {]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ Ah-kcw \¬In-bn-√. \¬In-bn-cps∂-n¬Xs∂ A`n-{]mbw Xpd∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xn-\v, sIWn-bn¬ s]´ Ah¿ ss[cys∏-SptamF∂p Nn¥n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. "kam-[m\w As√-n¬ acWw' F∂ap{Zm-hmIyw D®-`m-jn-Wn-Iƒ hgn Ah-cpsS sNhn-I-fnepw Ae-X-√n-s°m-≠m-Wt√m Ccp-∂-Xv (a. \., hmeyw 4, t]Pv 331)."Nnß-h-\Øv F¥p \S∂p' F∂ Xe-s°-´n¬ 15- ˛ 1 ˛ 1950 se k`mtk-h-I\n¬Hcp dnt∏m¿´v {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. AXn¬ ].Koh¿Kokv ZznXo-b≥ _mhm ]{X-te-J-I∑mtcmSv ]d hnh-c-߃sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v. B dnt∏m¿´n¬ \n∂p Nne `mK-߃:-˛""k`-bnse kam-[m\ ImcysØ∏‰n Adn-bp∂Xn\p≈ BImw-£tbmSpIqSn-bmWv \n߃ C∂n-hnsS h∂n-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂-dn-bmw. kam-[m\wBtem-N-\-bn¬ Ccn-°pI am{X-amWv. ssIh∂p F∂p≈ {]kvXm-h\sX‰m-Wv. ]okp- eo-Kp-Im-cp-sSbpw IqsS £Ww A\p-k-cn®v \mapw sa{Xm-∑mcpw Nnß-h\w At{]w skan-\m-cn-bn¬ t]mbn. sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS Hcph´taiktΩ-f\w IqSn Hcp HØpXo¿∏n¬ FØ-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p]okpeoKp-Im-cpsS A`n-hm-RvO. ]t£ AX-\p-k-cn®v \mw t]mb-t∏mƒ\ΩpsS sk{I-´-dn-sb-t∏mepw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Ib-dm≥ A\p-h-Zn-®n-√.F∂m¬ adp-`m-KsØ \nbtam]-tZjvSmhv apX¬ ]e-tcbpw AhnsS I≠p.Ah¿°v CjvS-ap-≈-hsc am{Xw AIØp {]th-in-∏n-®p. c≠p Znh-ksØBtem-N-\-I-fp-tS-bpw, N¿®-I-fp-tSbpw ^e-ambn taev]-´-°m¿ Hcp Xocpam-\-Øn-se-Øn.XXz-]-c-ambn c≠p {][m\ {]ta-b-߃ AwKo-I-cn-®p.AX\pkcn®p hni-Zmw-i-߃ cq]-h¬°-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p ]m{Xn-b¿°okpw\mapw IqSn Btem-Nn®p Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂p sa{Xm-∑m¿ \n›-bn-®p. R߃ Hmtcm-cp-Ø\pw XncnsI t]mcp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp-°-߃sNbvXp. ]n∂o-SmWv a´p- am-dn-b-Xv. AhnsS \S-∂Xv F¥m-sW∂p hni-Z-ambn ]d-bp-∂n-√. AhnsS \S∂ kwK-Xn-Iƒ \mw I≠-t∏mƒ I¬°-Zq\m kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ Hm¿Ω-bmWv D≠m-b-Xv. Nne cmjv{Sob i‡n-IfpsSt{]c-W, _e-{]-tbm-Kw, `oj-Wn, Zp¿`m-j-Ww apX-em-b-h-bm-Wt√mI¬°-Zq\n-bm-bn¬ D≠m-b-Xv. hnIm-c-`-cn-X-cmb sNdp-∏-°m¿, kZp-t±-

146 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhviy-tØmSp IqSn BsW-nepw th≠{X Btem-N\ C√msX ]eXpw{]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xp I≠v \ap°p k-S-ap-≠m-bn. \ΩpsS lrZbw \odn.\sΩbpw a‰p sa{Xm-∑m-scbpw Zp¿`m-jWw t]mepw sNbvXp. Cßns\aptºm´p t]mbm¬ kwK-Xn-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ hj-fm-Ip-at√m F∂p h®vAhnsS IqSn-bn-cp∂ \mep t]tcmSp hyh-ÿ-Iƒ D≠m-°m≥ R߃Bh-iy-s∏-´p. F∂m¬ \ΩpsS ssIhiw h∂ptN¿∂ hyh-ÿ-I-fn¬]{¥t≠m ]Xn-aqt∂m t]¿ H∏p h®-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. B hyh-ÿ-Iƒ\apt°m a‰p sa{Xm-∑m¿t°m kzoIm-cy-ambncp∂n√. At∏mƒ ]okp-eo-Kp-Im¿ kXy-{Kl {]ÿm\w Bcw-`n-®p. kwK-Xn-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ A]-I-S-I-c-am-Ip-sa∂v I≠v amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-bpsS AwKo-Im-c-Øn\v hnt[-b-ambn-´m-sW∂p]d-v, ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn\v \mw Ab®p sImSp-°m-sa∂vtcJ-s∏-SpØn B hyh-ÿ-I-fn¬ H∏p h®p....''`oj-Wn-bpsS A¥-co-£-Øn¬ \S∂ Nnß-h\w ktΩ-f-\-sØ-°pdn®vam¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv ZpxJn-X-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv ]e {]kvXm-h-\-I-fn-epw, {]kw-K-ß-fn-epw AXns\°pdn®v Xncp-ta\n kqNn-∏n-®n- -cp∂p.At{]w skan-\m-cn-bnse A∂sØ `oI-cm-¥-co-£-sØ-°p-dn®v c≠psa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am-cn¬ \n∂pw IqSp-X¬ a\- n-em-°m≥ CS h∂ ImtXmen°m_mhmsa{Xm-®∑m¿ NXn-®p F∂p ]d-tb≠n h∂-Xn¬ tJZn-®p.c≠p sa{Xm-∑m¿°pw "]okv eoKv' Imcn¬ \n∂v G¬t°≠n h∂ _lphn[t{Zml-߃ Adn--t∏mƒ _mhm k-S-s∏-´p. AtXmsS At±-l-Øns‚ \ockw \oßn. _mhm c≠p t]scbpw A\p-{K-ln®p.k`mkam[m\ N¿®Iƒ1946 HmKÃv 16 \v Bcw`n® Hcp k`mkam[m\ N¿®sb∏‰n Ubdnbn¬Cßs\ ]dbp∂p:D®bv°p tijw ]memºSw tUmIvSdpsS Imdn¬ Xncph\¥]pcØn\p t]mbn. IppIp´nbpsS Imdn¬ am¿ bqentbmkpw ]pds∏´p.R߃ Hcpan®p Xncph\¥]pcØv Ggp aWn°p tijw FØn. am¿bqentbmkv Sn. _n. bnepw Rm≥ ]≈nbnepw Xmakn®p. AØmgwsska¨ h°oens‚ hkXnbn¬ \n∂p sIm≠ph∂p. kam[m\ImcysØ∏‰n Nnecpambn kwkmcn®p.HmKÃv 19, Xnƒ, Xncph\¥]pcw. cmhnse Ip¿_m\bn¬kw_‘n®p. adpcq]s∏cp∂mƒ Bbncp∂p. aev]m≥ kvIdnb sNm√n.Rm≥ Ip¿_m\ A\p`hn®p.kam[m\ BtemN\Iƒ XpS¿∂p. ]oent∏m®\pambn (h°o¬)Zo¿Lt\cw kwkmcn®p. sskas‚ ho´n¬ D®tai. \mep aWn°pCen°¬ _w•mhn¬ IqSn. Concluding Session. ]oent∏m®\pw Fw.]n. tPmk^pw k∂nlnXcmbncp∂p. Draft ho≠pw hmbn®p. hmZn®p.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 147Modify sNbvXp. Snbm∑m¿ t]mbtijw sI. ]n. G{_lmw, Fw. kn.tXmakv, hn. H. am¿t°mkv, tUm. t]mƒ Aºqcm≥, C. sP. tPm¨, kn.sI. tImin, C. sP. Ipcphnf, XcI≥, AeIvkm ≠¿ tImSnbm´p, ]n.sF. sska¨ apXembn Rßsf√mhcpw cm{Xn 11 aWn hsc Ccp∂p.Rms\mgnsI a‰p≈h¿ H∏n´p. hfsc Bimhlw. ssZhØn\p kvXpXn.Tired But Cheerful.HmKÃv 20, Xncph\¥]pcw. cmhnse ]oent∏m®\pw Fw. ]n.tPmk^pw, Rm\psamcpan®v ]oent∏m®s‚ ho´n¬ IqSn. kam[m\ Imcywho≠pw. In´mhp∂Xn¬ anI®Xv. ""F∂m¬ Ipsd°qSn Bhiysa∂v.'']oent∏m®s‚ amkv°-Sn-seØn am¿ bqentbmkns\ I≠p.kt¥mjambn ]ncnp. Rm\pw a‰p≈hcpsa√msamcpan®v AhnsS IqSn.F√mh¿°pw BibmWv. ip`{]Zamb A¥co£w. B\µIcw. ssZhta!k`bn¬ kam[m\ambn I≠ncps∂n¬! lrZbw Ipfn¿Øp. Xncn®p]oent∏m®s‚ ho´n¬ D®tai. ]oen t∏m®≥ ]dXp _mhmIpd®pt]sc hnfn®pIq´n kam[m\m¥ co£w krjvSn°m≥{ian°Wsa∂mWv. FgpXmsa∂pw ]dp. am¿ bqentbmkpw RßfpwXncn®pt]m∂p. cm{Xn 12.30 \p Fw. Un. bn¬ FØn. Dd°w In´nbn√.Fnepw kt¥mjw Xs∂. Supper at Palampadam.HmKÃv 21. cmhnse am¿ XotamØntbmkpsamcpan®v ]memºSwh°oens‚ ho´n¬ FØn. ""The most reasonable terms.” Snbms‚ A\p`hßsf∏‰n ]dp. am¿ XotamØntbmkv {ian°Wsa∂pwD¬t_m[n∏n®p. Fs∂ encourage sNbvXp.]n∂oSv Rm≥ _mhmsb F_t\kdn¬ sN∂p I≠p. hyh ÿIƒhmbn®p. ""tI´nStØmfw tZmjan√. \S°p∂Xp sIm≈mw. {ian°Ww,Ipsdt∏sc hnfn®p Iq´msa∂pw'' ]dp.]n∂oSv Rm≥ ]pXp∏≈nbnseØn ]mtd´®t\bpw sI. hn. Nm≠nkmdnt\bpw I≠p. Xncn®p hcpwhgn sI. sI. tXmakns‚ ho´n¬ Ibdn.AhnsS _m∏p D≠mbncp∂p. A©p aWn°p Fw. Un. bn¬ ]e¿ IqSnhyhÿIsf∏‰n N¿® sNbvXp. cm{Xn 8.30 \p Ißg siΩmis‚`mcyho´nte°v Abmƒ £Wn®p. ]n. F≥. ss\\m\p sam∂n®v AhnsSAØmgw Ign®p. 10 \p ]memºSsØØn terms s\∏‰n ho≠pwkwkmcn®p. 1.30 \p Fw. Un. bn¬ Xncns®Øn. ss\\m\pw D≠mbncp∂p.2.30 \p InS∂p. Dd°w In´nbn√. Fnepw D’mlw. ]escbpwa\knemt°≠Xp≠v. ""dnhyq C∂p sImSpØp.''HmKÃv 22. sI. sNdnbm≥ h°oepambn Fw. Un. bn¬ hyhÿ Iƒkwkmcn®p. ]n∂oSp Ão^≥ apX¬ t]¿ h∂p. Ahcpambpw Zo¿Lt\cw.F√mh¿°pw kam[m\w thWw. Fnepw ImXembXp hnScpXv.

148 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvhyhÿIƒ tI´p \ymbambXv F¥p≠v. ho≠pw Fw. Un. bn¬. kn.sI. tIminbpw tUm. ]memºShpw h∂p kwkmcn®p. 1.30 \pIdnbm°p´ntbbpw sI. sNdnbms\bpw ]uc{]`m B∏okn¬ h®p I≠p.]{XØn¬ kam[m\hyhÿIsf ]cma¿ins®m∂pw Ipsd ZnhktØ°vCScpsX∂p ]dp. sshIn´v _tYen¬ FØn. Nm∏¬ ]Wn ta¬°q´vXpScp∂p.HmKÃv 23. cmhnse ]Ø\m]pcØp ‰n. sI. AeIvkm≠dpsS ho´n¬FØn. ^mIvSdnbn¬ \n∂p _tYente°v Bhiyap≈ _m°nDcp∏SnIƒ G¿∏mSp sNbvXp. tai Ignp sshIn´v _ n¬ Xncn®pt]m∂p. 8.30 \p _tYenseØn. ag \\p.HmKÃv 25. tIm´bØp t]mbn. ]I¬ 2 apX¬ cm{Xn 8 hsc kam[m\hyhÿ-Isf∏‰n N¿® sNbvXp. ]utemkv PUvPn, sI. sI. tXmakv,Fw. ]n. tPmk^v, sI. sNdnbm≥, Ão^≥, ]mtd´®≥, sI. Fw.sNdnbm≥, amtf°¬ Ahdm®≥, h¿°n h°o¬ apXembn]ecpap≠mbncp∂p. kam[m\w thWsa∂p \n¿_‘w. hyhÿ IƒIptd°qSn sa®ambncn°Ww. Modifications proposed.HmKÃv 26. cmhnse sNdnbm≥ h°oepambn ho≠pw kwkmcn®p.AXn\ptijw Ão^\pambn kwkmcn®p. ho≠pw _mhmsb F_t\kdnseØn I≠p. Modifications hmbn®p tIƒ∏n®p. A`n{]mbwa\ nem°n Xncn®pt]m∂p. hn. H. a¿t°mkns\ I≠p kwkmcn®p.cm{Xn 7 \p t^m¿thUv _mv amØp°p´nbpambn hyhÿIƒ N¿®sNbvXp. Xr]vXnIcw. ho≠pw ]memºSsØØn. Modifications Discussed.Ipsdsb√mw km[n°msa∂p. U]yq´n ss\\m\pap≠m bncp∂p. cm{Xn12.30 \p Fw. Un. bn¬ FØn. ssIbv°p hømbncp∂p. Tired.HmKÃv 21. cmhnse ]mºmSn sa{Xm®s\ AhnsS FØn I≠p.hyhÿIƒ hmbn®p hymJym\n®p. [mcmfw Xr]vXnIcw. Fßn s\bpwcmPnbmIWw. Bin pIƒ {]m]n®p aSßn. XotamØn tbmkvsa{Xm®\pw, kvIdnbm A®\pw, ZmhoZ®\pw a‰pambn kwkmcn®p.C{Xbptabp≈qshnepw cmPnbmIWsa∂`n{]m bs∏´p."{]`'bm∏oknseØn Idnbm°p´nbpambn kwkmcn®p. s]mXpshXr]vXnIcw. F∂m¬ ho≠pw {ian°Wsa∂v. ]memºSØpho≠psaØn. tUmIvSdpambn I≠p. Xncph\¥]pcw bm{Xsb∏‰nkwkmcn®p. 4 \p _tYen¬ FØn.HmKÃv 28. _tY¬. sshIn´v IppIp´n, ]memºSw, tImSnbm´vAeIvkm≠¿ Ch¿ amthen°c t]mIpwhgn ChnsS Ibdn. cmPn°mcywho≠pw.HmKÃv 31. cmhnse _tYen¬ FØn. Nm∏¬ ]Wnbp≠mbncp∂p.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 149sshIn´v tXthmtZmtkymkv sa{Xm®≥ Ip≠d \n∂p h∂p. cm{Xn cmPnhyhÿIƒ hmbn®p tIƒ∏n®p. NnesX√mw \∂v Fnepw Sister ChurchF∂ \nebv°∏pdw kΩXn°m≥ a\ n√. Sn. Fkv. G{_lmw A®≥h∂ncp∂p. cmPn thWsa∂p \n¿_‘w.sk]v‰w_¿ 2. cmPnhyhÿIƒ tUm. ]memºSØp \n∂vAb®psImSp°Wsa∂p t^m¿th¿Up _mv amØp°p´nbpsS t^m¨h∂ncp∂p.sk]v‰w_¿ 3. cmPnhyhÿIsf∏‰n ho≠pw t^m¨. D®bv°ptijw sse≥ h≠nbn¬ tIm´bØv FØn. sI. sNdnbms\ I≠p.hyhÿIsf∏‰n kwkmcn®p. ]√pthZ\ sIm≠v hfsc kln t°≠nhcp∂p. Fnepw cm{Xn 9 apX¬ 11 hsc ]memºSØv. sI. ]n.hyhÿIƒ ]{X߃°p sImSp°m≥ G¿∏mSp sNbvXpsh∂ dnp.Contrary to our agreement, didn’t expect it of him.Fnepw ]pXnb A¥co£Ønepw {ian°Wsa∂p h®p. hfschfsc £oWn®p. `£Whpw Dd°hpw sX‰n.sk]v‰w_¿ 4. Urine sSÃv sNbvXp. jpK¿ D≠v. Result of Exertion.hn. H. a¿t°mkns\ Fw. Un. bn¬ hcpØn. ]pXnb A¥co£sØ∏‰nBtemNn®p. Break sNtø≠ Bhiyan√. We must continue. Talk withK. M. Cherian, Paret, Philipose, Fr. David and other on peace terms. sshIn´psI. Fw. sNdnbms‚ h≠nbn¬ _tYen¬ FØn.IjvSs∏´p \SØnb Cu N¿®Ifpw hnPbn®n√.

150 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv25Bflob {]h¿Ø-\-߃kvIqfpIƒ, `{Zm-k\ tI{µ-߃ F∂nh t]mse Xncp-ta\n {i≤n-®ncp∂as‰m-∂mWv tZhm-eb \n¿ΩmWw. Nm∏-ep-Iƒ, ]≈n-Iƒ F∂nhÿm]n-t°≠ ÿe-am-sW∂v sIm®pXncp-ta-\n°v t_m≤y-s∏-´m¬ DS≥ÿew hmßm-\pw, Nm∏¬ \n¿Ωn-°m-\pw, sshZn-Is\ \nb-an®v hnip≤Ip¿∫m\ \S-Øn-°m\pw {i≤n-°pw. CXn\v Xs‚ `{Zm-k-\-am-sW-t∂m,a‰p `{Zm-k-\-am-sWt∂m D≈ Nn¥-bn-√. kvIqfp-I-fpsS ÿm]-\-Im-cy-Øn¬ I£n t\m°mØ t]mse Xs∂. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv hn`m-K-°m-cpsStIm´-bmb A-amen, tImX-aw-Kew apX-emb hS-°≥ {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬kvIqfp-Iƒ XpS-ßm≥ At±lw _mhm I£n-°msc t{]cn-∏n-®n-cp∂Imcyw kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠-t√m.Xncp-ta\n Imew sNbvX ac-Øw-tImSv Nm∏¬ sIm®n `{Zm-k-\-Ønem-bn-cp-∂n´pwB Nm∏¬ Bcw-`n-°m≥ ap≥ssIsbSp-ØXv At±-l-ambn-cp-∂p.Xpº-a¨ `{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v hnZq-c-amb Ip∂w -Ip-f-Øn-\-Sp-Øp Nm∏¬ XpS-ßp-hm≥ F¥p Imcyw? k` H∂m-sW∂hnime ImgvN-∏m-Sp≈ Xncp-ta-\n°p kz¥w `{Zm-k\sat∂m sIm®n `{Zmk-\-sat∂mF∂ t`Z-Nn¥ D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ip∂w-Ipfw Fw. sP. Un.kvIqƒ A]vt{KUv sNøm≥ Ub-d-IvSsd ImWm≥ IqsS hcm\pw At±lwXøm-dm-bn-.]. ]cp-aeØncp-ta\n Ip∂wIpfw sabn≥ tdmUn¬ Hcp sNdnb Nm∏¬ÿm]n®v BZn-Im-e-ß-fn¬ tai-bn´v Ip¿∫m\ sNm√n-bn-cp-∂p. ]n¬°meØvB Nm∏¬ Xncp-ta-\nbpsS \ma-Øn¬ tZhm-e-b-am-bn. ]cp-a-e-Øncp-ta-\n-bpsS\ma-Øn¬ k`-bn¬ BZy-ambn {]Xn-jvTn-°-s∏´ tZhm-ebwIp∂w-Ipfw sabn≥ tdmUnse Nm∏-em-Wv. ae-ck`m amknI {]kn-≤o-I-cn® "]cp-a-e-kvarXn' F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ B Nm∏-ens‚ t^mt´m ImWmw.]cp-ae Xncp-ta\n BZyw AhnsS C´ tai hfsc `‡nBZ-c-]q¿∆w BNm∏-en¬ kq£n-®n-cp-∂p. ]pØ≥Imhv Xncp-ta\n B tai ac-Øw-tIm´vNm∏-en¬ sIm≠ph∂v AXn-t∑-emWv BZy Ip¿∫m\ \S-Øn-b-Xv. ac-Ø-tmSvv ]≈n-bn¬ B tai `‡ym-Z-c-]q¿∆w kq£n-®p hcp-∂p. Xs‚`{Zm-k-\-Øn\p ]pdØp≈ CS-h-I-bn¬ C{X {]bm-k-s∏´v ]≈n \n¿Ωn-°m-\pw, hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\ A\p-jvTn-°p-hm\pw sIm®pXncp-ta-\n apXn¿∂-Xns‚ ]pd-In-ep≈ tNtXm-hn-Imcw F¥m-bn-cn°mw? Ign-n-√. ac-ØwtImSv\nhm-kn-Iƒ°v ih-a-S-°p-hm≥ hnZq-c-amb B¿Øm‰v ]≈nsbB{i-bn-t°≠n h∂n-cp-∂p. hml-\- k-u-Icyw C√m-Xn-cp∂ A∂v arXtZlwI_-dn¬ sh®v \mep t]¿ Npa-∂m-bn-cp∂p B¿Øm‰v ]≈n-bn¬

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 151FØn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. ac-Øw-tImSv skan-tØcn A\p-h-Zn®p In´m≥ {]bmkwt\cn-´p. am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv ih-t°m´ A\p-h-Zn®p In´m≥ {ian-®p.Ah-km-\-ambn ac-Øw-tIm´v h∂-t∏m-gpw ˛ Imew sNøp-∂-Xns‚ XteZnh-kw ˛ ac-Øw-tIm´v ]≈n°p ih-t°m´ A\p-h-Zn-®n-√t√m F∂ ZpxJam-bn-cp∂pXncp-ta-\n-°v.Xncp-ta\n amc-I-amb lrZ-b-th-Z-\-bp-ambn acØwtImSv Nm∏-ensesIm®papdn-bn¬ Ign-bp∂ ka-bw, ASpØ Znhkw Imew sNøpw. Bc-Xv a\- n-em°n! Xncp-ta-\nsb ImWm≥ Hcp apXn¿∂ tIm¨{K v{]h¿ØI≥ FØn. B Imcyw am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv kph-\ndn¬ \n∂p]I¿Ø-s´. ""]n∂oSv Xncp-ta-\nsb kµ¿in-®Xv Chn-S-ß-fnse Hcp {]apJtIm¨{K v {]h¿Ø-I-\pw, Ip∂w-Ipfw afiew tIm¨ {K v sk{I-´dn-bp-amb]n. sI. IrjvW-s\-gp-Ø-—-\m-bn-cp-∂p (kw-km-cn-°-cp-sX∂pw,]q¿Æ hn{iaw FSp-°-W-sa∂pw tUmIvS¿ D]-tZ-in® Ah-k-c-Øn-emWvCu kµ¿i-\-sa∂v Hm¿°-Ww). tIm¨{K- ns‚ ]hn-{X-amb aX-kzm-X{¥ysØ°p-dn®v Xncp-ta\n A`n-\-µ-\-]q¿∆w A\p-kva-cn-®p. C¥y≥`c-W-L-S-\, \njvIr-jvS-amb `m-j-bn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p≈ km¿∆{XnIambaX-kzm-X{¥y \nbaimk-\-ßsf {]Xy-£cw Ah-K-Wn®psIm≠v\yq\-]-£-ß-fpsS s]u-cm-h-Im-i-ß-sf-t∏mepw \n¿±bw \ntj-[n®psIm≠n-cn-°p∂ Nne bYm¿∞ kw`-h-ßsf Nq≠n-°m-Wn®pw Xncpta-\nFgp-Ø-—-t\mSp Bth-i-]q¿∆w kwkm-cn-®p (lrZvtcmKn-bmbn ac-Wmk-∂-\mb tZl-amWv Cßns\ Bth-i-]q¿∆w kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xv!).ac-Øtm-´pw, ]cn-k-c-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ ]mh-s∏-´-h-cm-sW-n-epw, 500-˛¬A[nIw ho´p-Im-tcmfap≈ ss{IkvXh P\-߃°v Ah-cpsS aXm-Nmc{]Im-c-ap≈ "ih-kw-kv°mc' sa∂ {]mY-an-Imhiyw \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn\pXIp∂ B ivaim-\-Øn\v Gsd \mfm-bn´pw A\p-aXn \ntj-[n-°s∏´phcp-∂-Xns‚ A\m-iy-X-sb-°p-dn®v Xncp-ta\n At±-lsØtIm¨{K v kwL-S-\-bpsS t]cn¬ tNmZyw sNbvXp'' (t]Pv 58).ac-Wm-k-∂-\mbn InS-°p-tºmgpw am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kn\p k`-sb-°pdn-®m-bn-cp∂pNn¥. Ipsd Ignv ac-Ø-tmSv Nm∏-en\v skan-tØcnA\p-h-Zn®p In´n.1912 ˛¬ h´-t»-cn¬ Koh¿§okv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ Iev]\ A\pk-cn®v\n¿Ωn® ]≈n-bmWv s]mß-eSn ]≈n F∂pw Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂]d-¥¬ sk‚ v tPm¿÷v Ac-a-\-∏≈n. am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv \nc-¥ck©m-c-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ Hcp sIm®ptZhm-ebw Hcp Ip∂n≥]pdØv H‰-s∏´p\n¬°p-∂Xp {i≤-bn¬s∏-´p. bYm-Im-e-am-bp≈ A‰-Ip-‰-∏-Wn-Iƒ H∂pw\S-ØmsX Zpc-h-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cp∂p B tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ \nev]v. HcpZnhkw Xncp-ta\n AhnsS Cd-ßn. CS-h-I-°m¿ h∂p IqSn. Xncp-ta\nhnh-c-߃ tiJ-cn-®p. AXv ]p\-cp-≤-cn-t°≠ Bhiyw CS-hI°msc

152 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvAdn-bn-®p. CS-h-I-°m¿°v CXn¬]cw kt¥mjw ]d--dn-bn-°m≥ C√.Ah¿ ]≈n ]p\-cp-≤-cn-°p∂ Npa-Xe Xncp-ta-\nsb `c-ta-ev]n-®p. Bka-b-ØmWv Xpº-a¨ henb ]≈n-bpsS amfnI tee-Øn¬ hn¬°p∂pF∂v Adn--Xv. B amfnI tee-Øn¬ ]nSn®v Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ta¬t\m-´-Øn¬ ]≈n-∏Wn \SØn. ]≈n-∏-d-ºn\v hnkvXo¿Æw t]msc∂vtXm∂nb Xncp-ta\n Ipsd ÿew hnebv°p hmßn Ahn-sS Hcp Ac-a\IqSn ]Wn-Xp Xncp-ta\n Xmakw XpS-ßn. Fw. kn. tdmUn-t\mSv tN¿∂p≈at\m-l-c-amb Cu {]tZ-iw `mhn-bn¬ Hcp k`m tI{µ-am-I-W-sa∂ tamlam-bn-cp∂pXncp-ta-\n°v. tZhm-eb IqZmi hfsc `wKn-bmbn \n¿∆-ln-°s∏´p.AXn\v am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Ab® I¬∏-\-bpsS kw{Klw XmsgsImSp-°p-∂p:""am¿ Koh¿Kokv kl-Zm-bpsS \ma-Øn¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏-´n-´p≈ Cu]≈n-bpsS s]cp-∂m-fpw, IqZm-i-bpw, Cu amkw 23- Dw, 24 Dw Xob-Xn-Ifn¬\S-Ø-W-sa-∂mWv \mw B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv. ]Ø-\w-Xn-´-bn-ep≈\ΩpsS sI´nSw kvIqfns‚ Bh-iy-߃°mbn D]-tbm-Kn-t°≠n h∂n-´p-≈XpsIm≠v \ap°v kz¥-ambn thsdmcp sI´nSw AXym-h-iy-ambnh∂pIqSn-bXp sIm≠p-amWv \mw CXn-te°p Hcp-sº-´-Xv. taen¬ Xpºa¨sa{Xm-k\ CS-h-I-bpsS "sa{Xm-k\ Ac-a-\-bmbn' Cu ÿm]\wBbn-Øo-c-W-sa-∂p≈ B{K-l-Øn-ep-amWv \mw CXn-te°v {]b-Xv\n®phcp-∂-Xv. Cu ÿm]\w "sk‚ v tPm¿÷v ln¬', ASq¿ F∂ t]cn¬Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw. CXns‚ IqZm-i-bpsS ip`m-h-k-c-Øn¬\nßfpw kw_-‘n®v kl-I-cn-°p-∂Xpw \ap°v hfsc kt¥m-jambncn-°p-sa-∂p≈Xn\m¬AXn-te-°mbn Cu Iev]\ aqew \nß-tfbpw£Wn®p sIm≈p-∂p.''Xncp-ta\n A`n-jn-‡-\mb ImeØv ]pØ≥Imhv ]≈n-bnepw ]n∂oSv]Ø-\w-Xn´ am°mw-Ip∂v am¿ t_kn¬ Zb-dm-bnepw XpS¿∂p sNß-∂q¿ s]mtX-enepw Ac-a\ ]WnXv Ahn-sS-bn-cp∂v `{Zm-k\w `cn®p.AXpIgnv s]mß-e-Sn-∏≈n ]p\-cp-≤-cn®v AhnsS Ac-a\ ]WnXv Xmakn-®p.Xm≥ Xma-kn® Hmtcm ÿeØpw Hmtcm tI{µ-߃ hf¿∂phcs´ F∂m-bn-cp∂s{X Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS hnNm-cw. At∏m-kvtXm-e-\mbs]u-tem-kns‚ kphn-tij ]cy-S-\-Øns‚ amXrI At±-lsØ kzm[o-\n®p F∂p thWw hnNm-cn-°m≥. Hmtcm ÿeØpw k` ÿm]n® tijw]pXnb ÿe-ß-fn-te°v At∏mkvtXm-e≥ \oßnbXmbn ImWm-a-t√m.AtXkabw apºv ÿm]n® k`-I-fp-am-bn- s]-u-eqkv «olm _‘w]pe¿Øn-bn-cp-∂p. kq£va-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kns‚{]h¿Ø\ssienbpw GXm≠v CtXt]mse Bbn-cp-∂p.Xpº-a¨ `{Zm-k-\-Øn\v Hcp kv{Xok-amPw AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-amsW∂v\n›-bn®v AXn-\mbn t{]m’m-l\w sImSp-Øp. `{Zm-k\ CS-h-

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 153I-bnse F√m B≤ym-flnI kwL-S-\-Iƒ°pw, {]ÿm-\-߃°pw Hm^okp-Iƒkz¥-ambn D≠m-I-W-sa∂v Xncp-ta-\n°v \n¿_‘ambn-cp-∂p.1949 -˛¬ Xpº-a-Æn¬ IWn-bms‚ Ing-t°-Xn¬ F∂ hkvXp-hn¬ AXns‚DS-a-bmb tXmakv F∂ k`m-kvt\ln Hcp h\nXmaµncw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\v th≠ ÿew CjvS-Zm-\-ambn Xosd-gp-Xn \¬In. hkvXp In´nbDSs\ sa{Xm-®≥ AhnsS a¿Ø-a-dnbw kam-P-Øn\p sI´nSw ]Wn-bn-°m≥ D’m-ln-®p. Hcp Imcyw \n\-®m¬ ]ns∂ AXv ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-Xn\v At±lw sshIn-°m-dn-√. inem-ÿm-]\w \SØn ]Wn XpS-ßn.ASpØ h¿jw Xs∂, 1950˛ ¬ aµncw IqZmi sNbvXp. Xpºa¨ `{Zmk\a¿Ø-a-dnbw kam-P-Øns‚ tI{µ Hm^o-kn\v ]‰nb coXn-bn-emWvsI´nSw \n¿Ωn-®-sX-nepw Hcp k\ym-kn\n aT-ambn AXv Xoc-W-sa∂B{K-l-am-bn-cp-∂p Xncp-ta-\n-°v. ]t£ B B{Klw ]qh-Wn-bm≥ hn[nA\p-h-Zn-®n-√. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS k^-e-am-ImØ B{Klw At±-l-Øns‚]n≥Km-anbpw Ct∏m-gsØ `{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bp-amb ]oen-t∏mkvam¿ sbu-tk-_n-tbmkv k^-e-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.ae-ck`-bn¬ Xpº-a¨ `{Zm-k\w ]eXp sIm≠pw apt∂m-Sn-bm-bncp-∂p.AXn\p ImcWw am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-k-ns‚ Zo¿L-ho-£WtØmSpIqSnb ]≤-Xn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. k¨tUkvIqƒ, a¿Øadnbw kamPw, bph-P\{]ÿm-\w, hnZym¿∞n {]ÿm-\w, _me ˛ _men-Im- k-amPw F∂nhBcw-`n®v Ahbv°v ssIØmßv sImSpØv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv hf¿Øns°m≠ph∂p. Hmtcm CS-h-Imw-Khpw Xs‚ {]mb-Øn-\-\p-tbm-Py-ambGsX-nepw kwLS\-bn¬ AwK-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. Xs∂ ImWm≥ hcp∂hy‡n-I-tfmSv Xncp-ta\n Ah¿ GXv {]ÿm-\-Øn¬ tN¿∂mWv{]h¿Øn®p hcp-∂-sX∂v At\z-jn®psIm≠p-an-cp-∂p. Bsc-nepwtN¿∂n-´n-s√∂dnm¬ Abmsf tN¿°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Abmƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂pt≠m F∂p ]n∂oSv At\z-j-Whpw \S-Øp-w. Hmtcm kwL-S\bv°pw, {]ÿm-\-Øn\pw CS-hI Xe-Øn¬ Hmtcm sk{I-´-dn-tb-bpw,s]mXp-hmbn Hcp P\-d¬ sk{I-´-dn-tbbpw Xncp-ta\n \n›-bn-®p. hfscImcy{]m]vXn-bp≈ hy‡n-Isfbmbn-cp∂p `mc-hm-ln-I-fmbn \nb-an-®n-cp-∂-Xv. F√m Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fnepw B≤ym-flnI kwL-S\m {]h¿Ø-I¿H∂n®p IqS-W-sa∂pw CS-hI P\-߃ Xo¿®-bmbpw AXn¬ kw_-‘n®v{]tbm-P-\-I-c-amb the-Iƒ sNø-W-sa∂pw {]tXyIw \njvI¿jn-®n-cp-∂p. CXp aqew Xpº-a¨ `{Zm-k-\-Øn¬ Bflob {]h¿Ø-\-߃ Xg®phf¿∂p. t\XrXzw \¬Im≥ Xncp-ta\n D≈-t∏mƒ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°v{]h¿Øn-°m≥ AXv {]tXyI {]tNm-Z\w \¬In. Bflob {]h¿Ø-\-߃ apt∂-dn-b-t∏mƒ CS-h-I-Isf `qan-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn Unkv{Sn-Iv‰p-Ifmbnhn`-Pn®v Ah¿s°√mw anSp-°-∑m-cmb kwL-S-\m `mc-hm-ln-Isf\nb-an-®-p.

154 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvkphn-tij {]h¿Ø-\ taJ-e-bnte°v Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS {i≤ hfscA[nIw ]Xn-n-cp-∂p. `{Zm-k-\-Ønse kphn-ti-j-I-∑m-cpsS HcpkwLsØ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv kwL-Sn-∏n-®p. Ahsc hnfn®p Iq´ns]mXp-hmb ÃUn ¢m p-Iƒ \SØn h∂p. AwK-߃°v ]cn-io-e\¢m p-Iƒ \S-Øn. `h\ kµ¿i\w kphn-tij {]h¿ØI¿°v \n¿_-‘-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ tcmKn-Isf kµ¿in®v {]m¿∞\ \SØn h∂p.CS-h-I-bnse sshZn-I-cpsS AI-a-gn t{]m’m-l-\hpw Ah¿°v e`n®ph∂p. kphn-tij tbmK-߃ Hmtcm ]≈n-bp-sSbpw B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ \S-Øn. 1944 ˛se Xpº-a¨ sa{Xm-k\ CS-hI anjs‚ hm¿jnI dnt∏m¿´v]cn-tim-[n-®-Xn¬ {]h¿Ø-I¿ 85 CS-h-I-I-fnembn 2500 hoSp-Iƒ kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw s]mXp-tbm-K-߃ \S-Øp-I-bpw, B≤ym-flnI kwL-S-\-Iƒ°pt\XrXzw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvX-Xmbn I≠p.kphn-tij anj≥ t_m¿Uns‚ Npa-X-e-bn¬ Hcp {]kn-≤o-I-cWhIp∏v cq]-h¬°-cn-®n-cp-∂p. hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\ cl-kyw, hnip≤ thZ-]p-kvXI {]th-in-I, hnip≤ thZ-hm-b\ Ipdn∏v F∂o ]pkvX-I-߃{]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn. thZ-]-T-\-Øn\v Cu {KŸ-߃ henb klm-b-ambn.CS-h-I-∏-≈n-I-fn-se {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS anSn∏v Xncp-ta\n A∏-t∏mƒAdn-n-cp-∂p. CS-h-I-bnse B≤ym-flnI {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS Np°m≥]nSn-®n-cp∂ At±-l-Øn\v CS-h-I-I-fn¬ F¥mWv kw`-hn®psIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v Ft∏mgpw Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. Fs¥-nepw ]mfn-®-I-tfm,hogvN-Itfm kw`-hn®p F∂v tXm∂n-bm¬ HmSn h∂v AXv DSs\XncpØpw. Ipsd I¿i-\-amb coXn-bn-em-bn-cn°pw sX‰p-Iƒ I≠m¬ {]Xn-I-cn-°p-I. hg-ßmØhsc Nph∏p Ip∏m-b-Øns‚ ssI Npcp´n°b‰nbmbncn°pwt\cn-Sp-I. sNdp-∏-°m-cmb sshZn-I-tcmSpw Cßns\ Xs∂ Bbncp∂p.Fnepw B¿°pw ]cmXn D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ImcWw F√m-hcpwXncp-ta\nsb AXn-c‰v kvt\ln-®n-cp-∂p. Xpº-a¨ `{Zm-k-\-Øn¬ Xncpta\nXpS-ßnb ]≤-Xn-I-fpw, kwhn-[m-\-ß-fp-amWv ]n¬°m-eØv a‰p`{Zm-k-\-߃ ]I¿Øn-b-sX∂p ]d-bmw.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 15526A¥y-bm{XhS-°p≈ Ip∂w-Ipfw, B¿Øm‰v, ]gn apX-em-b ]≈n-Iƒ F√mh¿jhpwam¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv apS-ßmsX kµ¿in-®n-cp-∂p. kvt\l-k-º-∂cpw, k`m-`-‡-cp-amb ]pcm-X\ {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ CS-Xn-ßn-∏m¿°p∂Ip∂w-Ip-f-tØ°v hcp-∂Xv Xncp-ta-\n°pw AXy¥w kt¥m-j-{]-Z-am-bncp-∂p.Ip∂w-Ip-fw-Im¿°p sIm®pXncp-ta\n hcp-∂p F∂p sh®m¬ XncpthmWwt]mse-bm-Wv. sIm®p-sa-{Xm-®≥ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ ]g-b-]-≈n-bnseapdn-bn¬ ]e-lm-c-s°m-´-Iƒ Hgn t\cw ImWn-√. Hmtcm ho´-Ωbpw]e-lm-c-ß-fpw, ]g-ßfpw sImSp-Ø-b-°pw. kµ¿i-I¿s°√mw Xncp-ta\nXs∂ AXv hmcn-s°m-Sp°pw. kt¥m-j-\n¿`-c-amb A¥-co£w. ]pent°m-´n¬Xncp-ta-\n-am¿°p tijw Cß-s\- Hcp sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-ØmsbIp∂w-Ip-f-Øp-Im¿ kvt\ln-®n-cp-∂pthm F∂p kwi-b-am-Wv. h´-t»-cn¬Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv kvt\lm-Z-c-߃ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-nepw Kuch {]Ir-X-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂Xn\m¬ ASp-Øn-S-s]-Sm≥ `b-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ am¿]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kp-ambn ktlm-Z-c-`m-th\ s]cp-am-dm-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-ta-\nbpsS{]kw-Ktam kIe¿°pw tX≥I-´°p kam-\-hpw.1951 G{]n¬ 4 _p[-\m-gvN. Xncp-ta\n hS-t°m-´p≈ bm{X°v Hcp°wXpS-ßn. A∂v sNß-∂q¿ _tY¬ Ac-a\ Nm∏-en¬ hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\AW-bv°p-hm≥ sshZn-Is\ In´m--Xn-\m¬ Xncp-ta\n Xs∂ Ip¿∫m\sNm√n. ico-c-kpJw C√m-Xn-cp-∂n-´pw, bm{Xm-thiw D≠m-bn-´pw Xncp-ta\nXs∂ B Znhy I¿Ωw \n¿∆-ln®v B tZhm-e-bsØ Ah-km-\-ambnA\p-{K-ln-®p. s]´n-I-fn¬ sIm≠p t]mtI≠ km[-\-߃ thKw Hcp-°n-Øp-S-ßn. s]s´∂v Xncp-ta\n Hcp Imcyw Hm¿Ωn-®p. ]g-n-∏-≈nbnseaq∏-®-\mb Im°p IØ-\m¿ hm¿≤Iyw aqew Xosc InS-∏m-Wv.Hcp-]t£ Xncp-ta\n AhnsS D≈-t∏mƒ I¥oem sNtø≠n h∂mtem?I¥oem ]pkvXIw At\z-jn-®-t∏mƒ AXv ]pØ≥Imhv ]≈n-bnsehn{ia apdn-bn-em-Wv. DS≥ Xs∂ Imdn¬ t]mbn I¥oem ]pkvX-I-hpambn_tY-en¬ Xncn®p h∂p.]Øp -a-Wn-tbmSp IqSn hS-t°m´v bm{X Xncn-®p. D®-\-a-kv°mc kabwh≠n Fw. Un. skan-\mcn Nm∏-ens‚ ap≥]n¬ sN∂p \n∂p. `£WImcy-Øn-epw, hn{i-a-Ønepw hfsc {i≤n-°-W-sa∂v tUmIvS¿am¿{]tXyIw D]-tZ-in-®n-cp-∂p. t\mºp-Im-e-am-b-Xn-\m¬ Xncp-ta\nAsXm∂pw hI-sh-®n-cp-∂n-√. Ahn-Sp∂v ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb t\mºv BN-cn-°p-I-bpw, am¿ Genbm Nm∏-en¬ Ibdn At\I {]mhiyw Ipºn´p \akvI-cn-°p-IbpwsNbvXp. tZlw Cf-ImsX ]q¿Æ hn{iaw FSp-°-W-

156 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvsa∂ D]-tZiw ho≠pw sX‰n-®p. IqsS D≠m-bn-cp∂ ]n. Fkv. iap-th¬siΩm-»≥, Xncp-ta\n \a-kvImc ka-bØv sNøp∂ Bbm-k-I-c-ambIpºn-So¬ I≠v ZpxJw ISn-®-a¿Øn \n∂p.]n∂oSv Xncp-ta\n ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-bn¬ sN∂v D®-`-£Ww Ign®p.hS-°≥ bm{X-sb-°p-dn®pw, Bk-∂amb aqtdm≥ IqZmi, ae-c kpdnbm\n{InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®pw ImtXm-en°m_mhm-bp-ambn kwkm-cn-®p. BtcmKyw kwc-£n-t°-≠-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v Cdßp∂t\cØv ]. _mhm sa{Xm-®s\ ho≠pw ho≠pw Hm¿Ωn-∏n-®p._mhmsb Bt«-jn®v Npw_\w sImSpØv Imdn¬ Ib-dn. XpS¿∂v aqhm-‰p-]p-g-bn-se-Øn HutK≥ am¿ Xotam-Øn-tbm-kp-sam-∂n®v Im∏n tai-bn¬]p-sIm-≠p. sshIp-t∂cw Bep-hm-bn¬ FØn s^tem-jn∏v lukn¬kplr-Ømb amXyp ]n. tPmWns‚ IqsS cm{Xn Xma-kn-®p.G{]n¬ 5 hymgmgvN. {]mX-en\p tijw cmhnse Bephm bp. kn.tImfPv kµ¿in-°p-I-bpw, s{]m^. ‰n. kn. tPmk-^p-ambn Zo¿L-k-abwkwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. bp. kn. tImf-Pn¬ hnZym¿∞n-I-fmb siΩm-»-∑m-sc-bpw, Xs‚ injy-∑m-cn¬ {]ap-J-cmb ]e-tcbpw AhnsS I≠p.A∂v AhnsS hnZym¿∞n-bm-bn-cp∂ \mc-ßm\w ^oen-t∏mkv tXma-knt\mSv16-˛mw XobXn Xn-fmgvN XncnsI hcp-tºmƒ Hcpßn \n¬°-Wsa∂pw\m´n-te°v Hcp-an®v t]mIm-sa∂pw Iev]n®p. A∂sØ ^oent∏mkvtXma-kmWv Ct∏m-gsØ ^oen-t∏mkv am¿ butk-_n-tbm-kv.]n∂oSv Xriq¿°v bm{X-bm-bn. Hcp- a-Wn-tbmSp IqSn Xriq¿ ]qp-∂-Øp≈tUm. Noc≥ hdp-Ko-kns‚ hk-Xn-bn-seØn. Ip∂w-Ipfw kztZ-in-bmbdmhp kmln_v tUm. Noc≥ h¿Ko-kns\°pdn®v ap≥]v kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠t√m.siΩm-»-\m-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ Xncp-ta-\nbpw tUmIvS¿ h¿Kokpw-X-Ωn¬ hfsc ASp-∏-am-bn-cp-∂p. hnZym¿∞n {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ BZy-Ime {]h¿Ø-I-cn¬ Hcm-fmWp Noc≥ h¿Ko-kv. tUmIvS-dp-ambn ]e-Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn®pwkwkm-cn-®p. BXnYyw kzoI-cn-®p. tUm. Noc≥ h¿Kokn\vXncp-ta-\n-bpsS Btcm-Ky-sØ-°p-dn®v hf-sc-b-[nIw Bi--bp-≠mbn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬]e \n¿t±-i-ßfpw \¬In. G{]n¬ 16 \p Ip∂w-Ip-fØp\n∂v Xncn®phcp-tºmƒ `h\w kµ¿in-°-W-sa∂v tUmIvS¿ At]-£n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ct∏m-gsØ ]qp∂w dbn¬th ]me-Øn\p kao-]-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ ho´n-emWv tUmIvS¿ IpSpw-_-k-taXw Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.D®-`-£Ww Ignv kzev]-t\cw hn{i-an® tijw ]g-n-bnte°v]pd-s∏-´p. Ip∂w-Ipfw hgn ]g-n-bn¬ \me-c- a-Wn-tbm-Sp-IqSn FØn.henb kzoI-c-W-amWv AhnsS e`n-®-Xv. A∂p- cm{Xn Gg-c -a-Wn°pXncp-ta\n ]gn ]≈n A-W-Ønse I¨h≥j≥ DXvLm-S\wsNbvXp. kphn-tij tbmK-Øns‚ A¥y-Ønepw Ipd®p kabw {]kw-Kn-®p. sh≈n-bmgvN sshIn´pw, i\n-bm-gvN sshIn´pw {]kwKw D≠m-bn-

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 157cp-∂p. Im´-Im-ºm¬, aßm-Sv, t]m¿°fw XpS-ßnb Zn°p-I-fn¬ \n∂pw`‡-P-\-߃ XpS¿∂p h∂pIqSn-bn-cp-∂p.G{]n¬ 8 Rmb-dmgvN cmhnse Xncp-ta\n ]gn sk‚ v tacokvHm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]≈n-bn¬ hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\ sNm√n. tImX-aw-K-eØpImew sNbvX b¬sZm am¿ _tk-en-tbmkv _mhm-bpsS Xncp-ti-jn∏vB ]≈n-bn¬ kq£n-®n-´p-≠v. B kvamcI I_-dn¬ [q]w h®v{]m¿∞n®p. _tk-en-tbmkv _mhm-bpsS Hm¿Ω henb s]cp-∂m-fm-bn-´mWv ]gn ]≈n-bn¬ BtLm-jn®p hcp-∂-Xv. Nne h¿j-ß-fn¬ s]cp-∂mfn\v (I∂n 8˛mw Xob-Xn) Xncp-ta-\nbpw kw_-‘n-®n-cp-∂p.[q]{]m¿∞\ Ign tijhpw Xnc°p aqew hn{i-an-°p-hm≥ Xncp-ta-\n°v kzev]w t]mepw kabw In´n-bn-√. A∂v D®-Ignv \S∂ kt≠kvIq-fns‚hm¿jn-I-Øn¬ A≤y-£X hln-®-Xpw, AXns\ XpS¿∂v\S∂ kphn-tij tbmK-Øns‚ D]-kw-lmc ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ Zo¿L-amb{]`m-jWw \S-Øn-bXpw sa{Xm-®≥ Xs∂ Bbn-cp-∂p. tcmKn-bmb Im°pA®-s\bpw kµ¿in®v {]m¿∞\ \SØn. Aßs\ ]g-n-bnse tPmen-Iƒ Ah-km-\n-∏n®v Xncp-ta\n k‘ybv°p apºmbn Ip∂w-Ipfw ]g-b-]-≈n-bn¬ FØn-t®¿∂p.Ip∂w-Ip-fØv FØn-b-t∏mƒ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS a\ v ap≥Ime kvac-W-I-fn-te°v hgpXn hoWp. B¿Øm‰v ]≈n-bn¬ h®v Koh¿Kokv ZznXob≥ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bn¬ \n∂v ]q¿Æ siΩm-i-∏´w In´nbXp apXep≈kvac-W-Iƒ Hmtcm-∂m-bn h∂p adpsIm≠n-cp-∂p. sa{Xm\-`ntjIwIgnv BZy-ambn h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sam-∂n®v Ip∂w-IpfØph∂-t∏mƒ e`n® kzoI-c-Whpw Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. tXm°p-[m-cn-I-fmb ]S-®-´-b-Wn c≠v πm‰q¨ \{kmWn `S≥am-cpsS AI-º-Sn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp∂p B h≥ kzoI-c-Ww.Rmb-dmgvN sshIn´v Xncp-ta\n Ip∂w-Ipfw I¨h≥js‚ D¬Lm-S\w Hcp Kw`oc {]kw-K-tØmsS \n¿∆ln®p. "\n߃ t]mbn \m\mPmXn-°m-tcmSpw kphn-tijw Adn-bn-∏n≥' F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p hnj-bw.G{]n¬ 9 Xn-fm-gvN, Ip∂w-Ip-fsØ sI. ‰n. h¿Kokv aqte-∏m-´ns‚DS-a-ÿ-X-bn¬ \S-°p∂ Xø¬ hnZym-e-b-Øns‚ hm¿jn-I-Øn¬ A≤y-£X hln-®p. sNm∆mgvN sshIn-´sØ kphn-tij tbmK-Ønse {][m\{]kw-KI≥ Xncp-ta-\n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. _p[-\m-gvN-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ip∂w-IpfwI¨h≥j≥ Ah-km-\n-®p. hymgmgvN Xncp-ta\n sXmgn-bq¿ (A-q¿)CS-h-I-bpsS Koh¿Kokv am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns\ kµ¿in®v kw`m-jWw\S-Øn. A∂v sshIn´v Nn‰q¿ lmfn¬ {]m¿∞\ \S-∂p. ¢ms -Sp-°p∂ amXr-I-bn¬ Hcp aWn-°q¿ {]kw-Kn-®p. ""Fs‚ amXmhpw, ktlm-Z-c-∑mcpw Bcm-Ip∂p'' F∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p hnj-bw.

158 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvA∂v cm{Xn s\©n-\-IØv i‡n-bmb thZ-\-bp-≠m-bn. sh≈n-bmgvNcmhnse ]n. Fkv. iap-th¬ siΩm-»s\ hnfn®v Xncp-ta\n ]d-p.""cm{Xn-bn¬ F\n°v s\©n-\-IØv henb thZ-\-bp-≠m-bn. lrZbw\ne®p t]mIp-sa∂v tXm∂n. \nßsf hnfn-®p-W¿Øn D]-{Z-hn-t°≠F∂p Icp-Xn. Rm≥ acn®p t]mbn-cp-∂p-sh-n¬ \n߃ F¥p sNøp-ambn-cp-∂p?''siΩm-»\pw IqsS-bp-≈-hcpw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS B shfn-s∏-Sp-ج tI´vA£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ sR´n-t∏m-bn. Ah-cpsS IÆv \ndp. adp-]Sn ]dbm≥\mhp s]m¥n-bn-√. a\x-{]-bm-k-tØm-Sp-IqSn kzev]w Im‰p In´phm≥apdn-bn¬ \n∂p ]pd-tØ°v \S-∂p. DSs\ Xncp-ta\n Ahsc hnfn®v""F\n°v 53 hb v hsc am{Xsa Bbp- p≈p'' F∂v ho≠pw Iev]n-®p.""Xncp-ta\n F¥m-Wn-ßs\ ]d-bp-∂Xv? PmX-I-°p-dn∏v Xncp-ta-\nsbAev]w _m[n-®n-´p-s≠∂v tXm∂p-∂p-ht√m'' F∂v iap-th¬ siΩm-»≥tNmZn-®p.DSs\ Xncp-ta\n : ""It has a place in my mind and I remember it alwaysin my prayers.''siΩm-»≥: ""Rm≥ AXv C∂phscbpw a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂n-√t√m.''Xncp-ta\n: ""F\n°v acn-°p-∂-Xn\v bmsXmcp `b-hp-an-√. Rm≥AtXm¿Øv `b-s∏´p ]d-bp-I-b-√.''Xncp-ta\n C{Xbpw kw`m-jWw \S-Øn-bXv Ikm-e-bn¬ Ccp∂psIm≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ASpØ £WØn¬ InS-°-bn¬ sN∂n-cp-∂p. Xncpta\n]te-S-Øp-ambn ÿm]n-®n-´p≈ ÿm]-\-߃ \S-Øn-s°m≠p t]mI-W-sa∂pw a‰pw Nne \n¿t±-i-߃ \¬Inb tijw Hcp hn¬]{Xw Fgp-Xm≥ Xncp-ta\n IS-em-sk-Sp-Øp. hn{i-an-°p-I-bmWv th≠-sX∂v iapth¬siΩm-»≥ Adn-bn-®Xp aqew Ipd-®p-t\cw kzÿ-ambn InS-°-bn¬InS-∂p.sa{Xm-®s‚ Akp-J-sØ-∏‰n Adn ]≈n°m¿ DSs\ sshZys\hcp-Øn. 12-˛ mw XobXn hymgmgvN AXm-bXp Xte-Zn-hkw cm{Xn s]bvXth\¬ag-bpsS XWp∏p sIm≠p-≠mb Pe-tZm-j-Øns‚ e£-W-am-bncn-°Wws\©pthZ\ F∂p IcpXn Bbp¿t∆Z sshZy-\mb tZh-kn-°p-´n-sb-bmWv hcp-Øn-b-Xv. lrt{Zm-K-Øn\v Bbp¿t∆Z sshZys\ ImWn-®n´v F¥p {]tbm-P\w? A∂v A{X-°p≈ Adnth lrt{Zm-K-sØ-°pdn®vkmam\y P\-߃°p-≈q. sshZy≥ ]cn-tim-[n®v kpJ-t°Sv \n m-c-sa∂v Adn-bn-®p. Nne Bk-h-ßfpw, Nq¿Æ-ßfpw \n›-bn-®p. ChnsSHcp kXyw shfn-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. Cu tZh-kn-°p´n sshZy¿ ]c-º-cm-K-X-ambn Bbp¿t∆Z NnIn’ \SØnhcp∂ IpSpw-_mw-K-am-sW-∂-√msXBbp¿t∆Z NnIn’ GsX-nepw hnZym-]o-T-Øn¬ \nt∂m, Iem-e-b-Øn¬

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 159\nt∂m ]Tn® Bf-√. R߃°v \√t]mse Adn-bm-hp∂ sshZy-cm-Wv.A∂v Fw. _n. _n. Fkv. ]m mb tUmI-vS¿am¿ Ip∂w-Ipfw Kh¿sa‚ vBip-]-{Xn-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂n´pw tZh-kn-°p´n sshZy-sc-°m-Wn-®-Xn¬\n∂pw tcmK-Øns‚ Kuchw Xncp-ta-\n -AS°w- B¿°pw a\- n-em-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂v thWw Icp-Xm≥. F∂m¬ Hcp Imcyw ]d-bm-Xn-cn-°m≥ hø.Ign-°m≥ acp-∂p-Iƒ \n¿t±-in® tZh-kn-°p´n sshZy¿ Xncp-ta-\n°v]q¿Æ hn{iaw thW-sa∂v \n¿t±-in-®n-cp-∂p. Xncp-ta-\n°v Xosc ]men-°m≥ Ign-bmØ ]Yyhpw AXp- X-s∂. H∂n\p ]n∂mse H∂mbn Bfp-Iƒ ImWm≥ h∂psIm≠n-cp-∂p. Ah-tcm-sS√mw Xncp-ta\n \n¿ØmsXkwkm-cn-°pw. A∂v Xncp-ta-\nsb kµ¿in® Hcp bph A≤ym-]-I≥Rß-tfmSv ]d-p. s\©p-th-Z-\-bmbn Ign-bp∂ Xncp-ta-\nsb At±lwI≠ Imcyw. Xncp-ta-\n°v \∂mbn ]cn-N-b-ap≈ BfpsS aI-\m-bn-cp-∂p-_n-cp-Z-[m-cn-bmb B bphm-hv. ASpØ Pq¨ amkw apX¬ kvIqfn¬amÃ-dmbn tPmen°v tNcp-hm≥ Dt±-in-°p∂p F∂v Adn-bn-®p. DSs\XpSßn Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS {]`m-jWw. Hcp \√ A≤ym-]-I≥ Fßs\thWw ¢ms -Sp-°m≥ F∂p hni-Zo-I-cn®v HSp-hn¬ Hcp sNdnb {]kw-K-Øns‚ h°v hsc-sb-Øn. hn{i-a-sa-Sp-°p∂ ImesØ coXn-sb-°p-dn®v]d-p-sh∂p am{Xw.CXn-\nsS ac-Øw-tImSv kvIqfn-s\-∏‰n ]d-bm≥ Nne¿ h∂p. Ah-cpambnZo¿L-amb IqSn-bm-tem-N-\-Iƒ \S-∂p. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A¥y-ImesØXncn-®p-hn´ Hcp kw`-h-am-bn-cp∂p B IqSn-bm-tem-N\sb∂v A∂vBcpw Hm¿Øn-√.ChnsS kzev]w hni-Zo-I-cWw Bh-iy-am-Wv. Xncp-ta\n Imew sNbvXac-Øw-tImSv Nm∏¬ ÿnXnsNøp∂ tdmUn¬ Xs∂ Aev]w Ing-°pamdnss{]h‰v amt\-Pvsa‚n¬ \S∂ph∂ncp∂ Hcp bp. ]n. kvIqƒ D≠mbn-cp-∂p.A°m-eØv bp. ]n. kvIqƒ F∂√ ]d-bm-dv. temh¿ sk°-≠dn kvIqƒ BWv. 7˛ mw ¢m p hsc-bp≈ ]≈n-°qSw. Ip∂w-IpfwkztZ-in-bpw, Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`mw-K-hp-amb Im°-t»cn Cøp -amjvkz¥w \ne-bn¬ \S-Øn-h∂ kvIqfm-bn-cp∂p AXv. A∂v kvIqƒ \S-Øn∏v em`-ap≈ _nkn-\- m-bn-cp-∂n-√. A≤ym-]-I¿°v at\-P¿ thWwiºfw sImSp-°m≥. CXn-s\-°p-dn®v R߃ ap≥]v kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.ta¬∏-d bp. ]n. kvIqƒ {Kma-{]-tZ-iØv Im¿jn-I-ta-J-e-bn¬ Bbncp-∂p.Ip´n-Iƒ F√m-hcpw I¿j-I-sØm-gn-em-fn-I-fpsS a°fpw. ^okvsImSpØv ]Tn-∏n-°m-\p≈ kmº-ØnI ÿnXn ]e¿°pw C√. ]Tn-∏n-°-W-sa∂v henb D’m-l-hp-an-√. Ip´n-Iƒ \msf Irjn-∏-Wn°v Cd-ßm-\p≈hcm-Wv. Npcp-°-Øn¬ kvIqƒ amt\-Pcpw B hnZym-e-b-Øns‚slUvam-Ã-dp-amb Cøp amÿ kvIqƒ \S-Øp∂ `mc-Øn¬ \n∂v Hgnhm-Im≥Btem-Nn®phcp∂ ka-b-am-Wv. {]mbw sN∂-Xn-\m¬ A≤ym]I

160 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvhrØn-bn¬ \n∂v At±lw Hgn-bm-dm-bn. kvIqƒ ]W-b-s∏-SpØn Ipd®pcq] Ip∂w-Ip-fsØ sI. ‰n. Koh¿Ko-kn¬ \n∂p ISw ]‰n-bn-cp-∂p. _Y-\n-bnse Ae-Ivkn-tbmkv am¿ tXthm-tZm-tkymkpambn henb ASp-∏-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p Cøp amjv. kvIqƒ Xncp-ta-\nsb G¬∏n-°m≥ {iaw\SØn. kvIqsfm∂pw \S-Øm≥ Xs∂-s°m≠v hsø∂v ]dv tXthmtZm-tkymkvssIsbm-gn-p. Cu hnhcw _Y-\n-bnse Ipdn-bm-t°m-k-®≥ Rß-tfmSv ]d-n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. A®-∑m¿ kvIqƒ \S-Øp-∂-Xn-t\mSv_lphntcm-[-am-bn-cp∂p tXthm-tZm-tkym-kn\v. At±lw Imew sNbvXtij-amWv _Y-\n-°m¿ "kvIqƒ \S-Øn-∏n-te°v' Cd-ßn-bXv. C∂v s]cp-∂m-´n-epw, Ip∂w-Ip-fØpw Ah-cpsS B{i-a-Øn-\pw, aT-Øn\pw kvIqfp-Iƒ D≠v. Cøp amÿ Btem-Nn-®n´v Xncp-ta-\n°v kvIqƒ hn´p-sIm-Sp-°m-sa∂v \n›-bn-®p. AXns‚ Btem-N-\-bv°mWv Cøp amÃdpw a‰pwN¿® sNøm≥ h∂-Xv. kpJ-an-√msX InS-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-s∂-nepw hnjbwkvIqfm-sW-∂-dn--tXmsS Xncp-ta\n "N¿®-I-fn¬' kPo-h-ambn ]s-Sp-Øp. B N¿®-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ B bp. ]n. kvIqfns‚ amt\-Pvsa‚ v am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Gs‰-Sp-°m-sa∂v [mc-W-bm-bn. am{X-a√ASpØ h¿jw Xs∂ kvIqƒ sslkvIq-fm°n Db¿Øm-sa∂pw Xncpta\nG‰p. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS kΩXw hmßn Cøp amÃdpw Iq´cpw aS-ßnt∏m-bn.CtXm-sSm-∂n-®v, CtX-hsc B¿°pw ]nSn-In-´m-Xn-cp∂ Hcp kXyw shfns∏-Sp-tØ-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Akp-J-߃ t`Z-ambtijw 16- ˛mw XobXn Xn-fmgvN ImeØv tIm´-b-tØ°v aS-ßn-bXv ac-Øw-tImSp hgn-bm-bn-cp-∂-t√m. Ip∂w-Ip-fØp \n∂v km[mcWKXn-bn¬aS-tß-≠Xv Xriq¿ hgn-bm-Wv. ac-Øw-tImSp hgn, hS-°m-t©-cn-bn-te°vt]mIm-\p-≈-Xm-Wv. B hgn Bcpw Xriq¿°p t]mhp-I-bn-√. ]ns∂ F¥n-\mbn tZl-kp-J-an-√mØ Xncp-ta\n ac-Øw-tImSp hgn t]mbn? CXn-s\-∏‰n R߃°pw Adn-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS sk{I-´dn ]n.Fkv. iap-th¬ siΩm-»≥ (C-t∏mƒ tIm¿F∏n-kvtIm-∏m) ]n∂oSv Atacn-°-bn¬t]mbn ÿnc-Xm-a-k-am-°n. At±-l-Øns‚ aIsf hnhmlwIgn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Ip∂w-Ip-fsØ {]ikvX\mb tImsd-∏n-kvtIm-∏m-bmbn-cp∂sXt°-°c Ipcy-mt°m-kv A-®s‚ aIs‚ aI≥ ‰n. Fw. sskas‚aI-\mWv. Ip∂w-Ipfw `{Zm-k-\m-[n-]≥ ]ueqkv am¿ anen-Øn-tbmkvsa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm Ata-cn-°-bn¬ t]mb-t∏mƒ iap-th¬ tImsd-∏n-kvtIm-∏msb ImWp-Ibpw Ip∂w-Ip-fsØ hnti-j-ßfpw a‰pw ]d Iq´-Øn¬siΩm-»\mbn-cp∂ ImeØv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv ac-Øw-tIm´v Nm∏en¬sh®v Imew sNbvX-t∏mƒ IqsS D≠m-bn-cp-s∂∂v {]kvXm-hn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. At∏mƒ anen-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-®-\pw, tImsd-∏n-kvtIm-∏mbv°pw Hcp kwi-bw. F¥n-\mWv Xncp-ta\n acØwtImSp hgn

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 161aSßnbXv? Xriq¿ tdmUn-eq-sS-bt√ aS-tß-≠n-bn-cp-∂Xv? sk{I-´-dn-bmbiap-th¬ siΩm-»-\p -t]mepw AXns‚ ImcWw Adn-bm≥ hø. Cuhnhcw am¿ anen-Øn-tbmkv aS-ßn-h∂v Rß-tfm-Sv kw-`m-j-W-at≤y]d-XmWv.iap-th¬ siΩm-»≥ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kns‚ A¥y-bm-{X-sb-°pdn®vHcp teJ\w Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. AXn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. ""A\-¥cw AhnsS\n∂v ac-Øw-tIm-t´°p Xncn-®p. ....- a-c-Øw-tImSv Nm∏-en¬ sN∂v Hcp-hn-[-Øn¬ epØn-\nbm Ign®v Nm∏¬ apdn-bn¬ Ibdn Xncp-ta\n InS-∂p.''Chn-sS, F¥n-\mbn ac-Øw-tImSv hgn t]mbn F∂p ]d-bp-∂n√.Ip∂w-Ip-fØp h®v kvIqƒ amt\-Pvsa‚ v Xncp-ta-\n°v hn´p-sIm-Sp-°msa-∂pw,ASpØ h¿jw sslkvIqƒ Bcw-`n-°m-sa∂pw Xocp-am-\n-®n-cp-∂-t√m. {]kvXpX kvIqƒ t\cn¬ ImWp-∂-Xn-\mWv Xncp-ta\n ac-Øtm-t´°pXncn-®-Xv. A√msX as‰m-∂n-\p-a-√. Xncp-ta\n inem-ÿm-]\w\S-Øn, Xncp-ta\n Xs∂ BZy Ip¿∫m\ sNm√nb ac-Øw-tImSv Nm∏¬kµ¿in-°m-\-√. ]ecpw sX‰n-≤-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xpw, Rß-f-S°w ]ecpwap≥t] Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≈Xpw Nm∏¬ kµ¿in-°m≥ Xncp-ta\n ac-Øw-tIm´ph∂p F∂m-Wv. AXv H´pw icn-b-√. hgn-°p-h®v s\©p-th-Z\ ho≠pwh∂-t∏mƒ Xncpta\n InS-°p-hm≥ ac-Øw-tImSp Nm∏-en¬ Ib-dp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.ac-Øw-tImSv kvIqƒ ImWp-hm-\mWv B hgn°p t]mb-sX∂ hnhcwCt∏mƒ FhnsS \n∂p In´n F∂ tNmZyw {]k-‡-am-Wv. AXn-s\-∏‰n]d-bmw. kn. F¬. C´n- amWn F∂ tZlw 1951- ˛¬- {]kn-≤o-I-cn® ˛Xncp-ta\n Imew sNbvXv aq∂p amk-Øn-\Iw ˛ kph-\o-dn¬ "Ip∂w-IpfsØA¥y-cw-K-hpw, ]pØ≥Im-hn-te-°p≈ hnem-]-bm-{Xbpw' F∂ Xes°-´n¬Hcp teJ\w Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p. AXn¬ Cu Imcyw hy‡-ambn]d-bp-∂p-≠v. AXv Rß-fpsS {i≤-bn¬ Ct∏mƒ am{X-amWv s]´-Xv.{]kvXpX teJ-\-Øn¬ \n∂v. ""i\n-bmgvN \n›-bn-®-X-\p-k-cn®v ac-Øtm´p kvIqƒ ImWp-∂-Xn\v bm{X Xncn-®p....'' aS-°-bm-{X-sb-°p-dn-®mWv ChnsS ]d-bp-∂Xv. teJ\w XpS-cp-∂p. ""ac-Ø-tmSv Nm∏-en-t\mSvGXm≠v kao-]n-°m-dm-b-tXmSp IqSn Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS amdnb s\©pthZ\ho≠pw ]q¿∆m-[nIw Ie-i-em-bn-Øo¿∂p.'' At∏m-gmWv hn{i-a-Øn-\mbnac-Ø-tm´p Nm∏-en¬ Ib-dn-b-Xv. Npcp-°-Øn¬ kvIqƒ ImWm≥ Xncpta-\n°vtbmK-ap-≠m-bn-√. Nm∏¬ Ignv Ipd®p IqSn Ing-t°m´p amdnbmWvkvIqƒ. Xncp-ta\n Imew sNbvX tijw {]kvXpX kvIqƒ sI.‰n. h¿Kokv hmßp-Ibpw kvIqfns‚ t]¿ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv satΩmdn-b¬kvIqƒ F∂v am‰p-Ibpw sNbvXp. kvIqfpw a‰p Nne hkvXp-°fpwtN¿Øv sI. ‰n. h¿Kokv, am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv {SÃv F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp{SÃv cq]-h¬°-cn-®p. B {SÃmWv Ct∏mƒ kvIqƒ \S-Øp-∂-Xv. am¿

162 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Ac \q‰m≠p ap≥]v sslkvIq-fm-°m≥ hnNm-cn®{]kvXpX kvIqƒ C∂pw bp. ]n. kvIqfm-Wv.]gb]≈n-bn¬ tZ-h-kn-°p´n sshZy-cpsS NnIn-’-bn¬ Ign Xncpta-\n-bn-te°p\ap°v aS-ßmw. Bbp¿thZ sshZy-Øns‚ anSp°psImt≠m Ft¥m Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Be-ky-Øn\v {ItaW Bizmkw e`n-®p. thZ\ amdn F∂p Xs∂ ]d-bmw. sh≈n-bm-gvN-bpw, i\n-bm-gvNbpwXncp-ta\n \√-Xp-t]mse hn{i-an-®p. ico-c-Øn\v ]d-b-Ø° £oWsam∂pwtXm∂n-bn-√. ]nt‰∂v "knantbm' Rmb-dmgvN ImtXm-en°m Zn\-am-bn-cp-∂p. Rmb-dmgvN ]g-b-]-≈n-bn¬ hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\ sNm√p-I-bpw,{]kw-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. s]m´-°-Æs‚ Rmb-dmgvN ImtXm-en°m Zn\-am-b-Xn-s‚ HuNnXyw Xncp-ta\n {]`mjW-Øn¬ sXfn-bn-®p. A∂sØ{]kw-K-sØ-°p-dn®v an v. ]n. kn. Ipm-Øncn (]n-∂oSv Rtd. DD) Fgp-Xnb teJ-\-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p (""1951 ˛ se 36 ˛mw Rmb-dmgvN'', am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv kph-\n¿, t]Pv 76): ""Ip¿∫m-\m-¥y-Øn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsSD÷z-e-Ømb {]kwKap ≠mbn. efn-X-hpw, kp{Km-ly-hp-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.Ipcp-Ss‚ IÆn¬ tNdp ]qin kuJy-am-°n-b-XmWv A∂sØ Gh≥tKen-tbm≥hmb\. {]kvXpX kw`-h-Øns-\ A-Sn-ÿm-\-am°n XpS¿∂{]kwKw kIe irwJ-e-I-tfbpw hen®ps]m´n-°m≥ ]cym-]vX-am-bn-cp-∂p. At¥ymJym apS-°ns‚ Akm-[pXzw apX¬ ImtXm-en-°m-bpsS A\ntj-[y-amb]c-am-[n-Imcw hsc-bp≈ Imcy-ßsf ]cm-a¿in-®p. Hcp \qdpsIm√sØ Ncn{X cl-ky-ß-fn¬ IqSn B \oscm-gp°v Xzcn-X-K-Xn-bn¬Cg-p-t]m-bn. ImtXm-en°m hmgvN-bpsS t{ib- n-\mbn bph-k-¥m-\-ß-fpsS kXzc {i≤sb At±lw BI¿jn-®p. tIma-f-`m-j-bn¬ ^enXkºq¿Æ-amb B {]kwK NmXpcn t{imXm-°-fpsS Icƒ Ih¿∂p.''A∂v ae-c H´p°v ImtXm-en°mZn\w BtLm-jn-°p-∂p-≠v. A∂p-®°v \S∂ hºn® ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ Xncp-ta\n ImtXm-en°m ÿm]-\-Øns‚ ]pcm-X-\-Xzw, hf¿®, amlm-flyw, AXv \ne-\n¿Øn-s°m≠pt]mtI-≠-Xmb Bhiyw F∂o hnj-b-ßsf kv]¿in®p sIm≠v H∂caWn-°q¿ {]kw-Kn-®p. 1947 BKÃv 14-˛mw XobXn A¿≤-cm{Xn Ignv 15-˛mw XobXn ]pe-cp∂ thf-bn¬ C¥y kzmX-{¥y-Øn-te°v DW-cp∂ ip`ap-lq¿Ø-Øn¬C¥y-bpsS {][m-\-a{¥n ]fin‰v Ph-l¿em¬ s\{lpC¥y≥ ]m¿e-sa-‚n¬ sNbvX Ncn{X {]kn-≤-amb {]kwKw t]mseP\-lr-Z-b-ßfn¬ Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-ambn C∂pw \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-XmWv am¿]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kns‚ ImtXm-en°m Zn\ ktΩ-f-\-Ønse "Ip∂w-Ipfw{]kwKw.'

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 16327Ip∂wIpfsØ\nXym£c{]kwKw{]nbsc,F{Xbpw Npcpßnb kabw sIm≠v {]kwKw Ahkm\n∏n °Wsa∂vs]mXptbmK`mchmlnIƒ \n¿_‘n®ncn°bm¬ Cu {]kwKw\o´p∂n√.tZlØn\v BtcmKyan√mØXn\m¬ IgnbpwthKw {]kwKwAhkm\n∏n°Wsa∂p Xs∂bmWv CSbv°nSbv°v D≠mbns°m≠ncn°p∂ s\©pthZ\bpw D¬t_m[n∏n°p∂Xv. D®Øn¬kwkmcn∏m≥ \nhrØnbn√mXncns° Hcp ssat{Imt^mWns‚ klmbwe`n®Xp hfsc Bizmkambn._. siΩm»≥ (Dn. P. S. Samuel B. Sc.) ImtXmen°m knwlmk\sØ°pdn®p Hcp kw£n]vXhnhcWw Ncn{X]cambn \n߃°pX∂pIgnp. ]uckvXytZiØns‚ H∂masØ taev∏´°mc≥ hn.am¿tØmΩm«olmbmbncp∂p. At±lØns‚ ]n≥KmanIfmb am¿BZmbnbpw, am¿ BKmbnbpw FtU m Bÿm\ambn `cn®p. AhcpsS]n≥Kmanbmb hn. amdn A∂sØ Kh¨sa‚n¬ \n∂p ≠mb a¿±\hpw]oUbpw aqew Xs‚ `cWÿm\w FtU mbn¬ \n∂v skeqIybnte°p am‰n. hn. amdnbpsS Imetijw hn. At{ºm kntbm pw,A{_lmapw, bmt°m_pw {Iaambn `cWw \SØn t∏m∂p. Cßs\skeqIym knwlmk\Øn¬ `cn®ph∂ncp∂ hscsb√mw Ing°ns‚henb sa{Xmt∏meoØ∑m¿ (dotim dmt_mZv sImls\ Zv a\tlm)F∂p hnfn®p t]m∂p.F∂m¬ hn. BlqZv B_qbv At¥ymIymbnte°p taev∏´ ÿm\wGev°phm≥ t]mbt∏mƒ A∂p t]¿jybpw At¥ymIybpw XΩnep≈]ckv]csshcw sIm≠v Cu hnip≤s\ t]¿jy≥ H‰pImc\msW∂vsX‰n≤cn®v At¥ymIy°m¿ sIm√phm≥ {ian®p. ssZhIr]bm¬At±lw Fßns\tbm c£s∏´v Du¿t«an¬ t]mbn ]´ta‰p. Cu hnip≤\p≠mb IjvSXIfn¬ a\ en Du¿t«ans‚ F∏nkvtIm∏∑m¿skeqIym knwlmk\Øns‚ ÿncXbv°mbn (doiv dmt_mZv sImls\Zv aZ\tlm) Ing°ns‚ henb sa{Xmt∏meoØm taen¬ ImtXmen°mF∂p \maIcWw sNøs∏S Wsa∂pw ]uckvXycn¬ GsXnepw Hcpsa{Xmt∏meoØm acn®m¬ B ÿm\tØ°p Hcp ÿm\nsb

164 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvhmgn°phm≥ ]uckvXy¿°p Xs∂ A[nImcaps≠∂pw A\ycmPyßfn¬t∏mbn ]´taevt°≠Xns√∂pw {]kvXmhn°p∂ Hcp ÿmØnt°m≥ BlqZv B_qbv hiw Gev]n®p. CX\pkcn®p hn. BlqZvB_qbv Xs∂ Bbn H∂masØ ImtXmen°m. {InkvX_vZw 231˛¬ImtXmen°m knwlmk\w Cßs\ ]q¿∆tZiØp ÿm]nXambn.{InkvX_vZw 325˛¬, AXmbXp Hcp 94 sIm√w IgnXn\ptijw IqSnb\nJym kp∂ltZmkv sbcpitew ÿmØnt°ms\ {]_es∏SpØn. Cukw`hamWv lqZmbImt\m \n¬ kn≤\mb _m¿ F{_mb F√mh¿°pwImWpamdp "\nJym kp∂ltZmkn¬ ]m m°nb \nba߃' F∂Xes°´n¬ FgpXn t®¿Øn´p≈Xv. "sat°mhelm¬' (A∂p apX¬°pC∂phscbpw C\nbpw XpS¿∂pw) ImtXmen°m F∂p Ing°ns‚ henbsa{Xmt∏m eoØm Adnbs∏SWw.ChnsS Hcp Imcyw {]tXyIw Hm¿t°≠Xp≠v. tdmantebpwAeIvk{¥nbmbntebpw, IpkvX¥nt\m vt]meokntebpw A√m\ΩpsS At¥ymIymbntebpw ]m{Xnb¿°m knwlmk\ßfp≠mIp∂Xn\p Hcp 94 h¿jw apºp Xs∂ ]uckvXytZißfn¬ CuImtXmen°m knwlmk\w D≠mbn. {]nbsc! Bscnepw "\nßfpsSCu ImtXmen°m F∂p≠mbn' F∂p tNmZn®m¬ DSs\ ]dt°Ww"\nßfpsS ]m{Xnb¿°okv D≠mbXnt\°mƒ 94 sIm√w apºv' F∂v.Ct∏mƒ B_mehr≤w BtcmSp tNmZn®mepw ]m{Xnb¿°okns\F√mhcpw Adnbpw. F∂m¬ ImtXmen°m F∂ hm°v kmam\y¿°pkp]cnNnXa√. AXn\pw ImcW߃ D≠v. AXpw IqSn ]dp sIm≠v{]kwKw Ahkm\n∏n®p Ifbmw. C∂p Cu ssa°n\v ]‰nb t]mseCSbv°nSbv°v Fs‚ i_vZØn\pw Nne XIcmdp≠mIp ∂p≠v. Fnepw]cnip≤ ImtXmen°m knwlmk\sØ°pdn®p≈ bmYm¿∞y߃\n߃ {Kln°Wsa∂p≈ Fs‚ B{Klw Fs‚ s\©pthZ\sb\n mcam°p∂p. ]m{Xnb¿°oknt\°mƒ 94 h¿jw aq∏p≈XmWvImtXmen°m. ]ns∂ F¥psIm≠v B hm°p kp]cnNnXa√.ImtXmen°mknwlmk\w 498˛mw am≠p hsc XpS¿∂p. F∂m¬Ahkm\sØ ImtXmen°m s\kvtXmdnb \mbXp apX¬ hfsc°mewImtXmen°m D≠mbn√. XZhkc Øn¬ ]uckvXy¿ At¥ymIym]m{Xnb¿°okns\ Cu hnhcw Adnbn®p. At∏mƒ ]m{Xnb¿°okv\nJym kp∂ltZmkv \n›b {]Imcw "\n߃ Xs∂ ImtXmen°msbhmgn°phn≥' F∂p Iev]n®X√msX Hcp ÿm\nsb Atßm´vAb°phmt\m As√n¬ Xlep∏m hgn hmgn°phmt\m A√ adp]Sn\¬InbXv. Cßns\ ]uckvXy¿ 629 ˛¬ ImtXmen °msb hmgn®p.]n∂oSp Iptd°me tØ°p ImtXmen°mam¿ D≠mbn√.AXpsIm≠mWv ImtXmen°m amcpsS enÃn¬ Nne sIm√ßfn¬

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 165BcptSbpw t]cpIƒ ImWmXncn°p∂Xv. ]m{Xnb¿°okpamcpsSenÃnepw C{]Imcw Nne hnShpIƒ F√mw ImWp∂p≠v. ]cnip≤ImtXmen°m knwlmk\w ]m{Xn b¿°m knwlmk\sØ At]£n®vIqSpX¬ Imew ssh[hyØn ∂[o\ambn. AXpsIm≠v ImtXmen°m\maw A[nIambn tIƒ∏m≥ km≤yambn√. AXmWv \ap°v B \mawkp]cnNnXa√mXncn∏m≥ ImcWw. F∂m¬ ]m{Xnb¿°okv F∂ \maw\ΩpsSbp≈n¬ IqSpX¬ ]XnbpIbpw sNbvXp. AXp F∂p apX¬°v˛ Hcp ]me°p∂Øp sa{Xm®≥ apX¬°v ˛ ]me°p∂Øp amXyqkvam¿ AØm\mtkymkv sa{Xm®≥ At¥ymIymbn¬ sN∂p ÿm\w G‰p.A∂p apX¬ At¥ymIybpsS `mctadnb Ccnºp \pIw \ΩpsSs]Sen°pw hoWp. ]m{Xnb¿°okv F∂ \maw AtXmSpIqSn F√m]pkvXIßfnepw ]Xnp. Cßs\ Cu ]m{Xnb¿°okv F∂ t]cp\ap°p kp]cnNnXambn.{]nbtc, \mw Ncn{XØnte°p H∂p ItÆmSn°pI. \ΩpsS k`hnizkn°p∂Xmb aq∂p kp∂ltZmkpIfn¬ aeck`bpsS {]Xn\n[nbmbn Cu aecbn¬ \n∂p h√h\pw t]mbncp∂pthm? AXns\∏‰nh√h\pw Adnhpt≠m? Ah¿ aeck`sb kp∂ltZmkn\p£Wn®n´pt≠m? C√. ]ns∂, \mw Fßns\ B kp∂ltZmkpIƒkzoIcn®p. Ncn{Xw ]Tn∏n®p. \mw AXp hnizkn®p.Hcn°¬ Hcp a\pjy≥ Xs‚ aI\p c≠c hbkp≈t∏mƒ kn∏q¿°p t]mbn, hfsc°metØ°p Abmsf∏‰n bmsXmcp hnhcap≠mbn√. AbmfpsS aIs‚ ]cn]me\w AbmfpsS A\pP≥ Gs‰ SpØp.B aI≥ Ahs‚ Cfb∏s\ kz]nXmsh∂p [cn®p t]m∂p. GItZiw18 h¿jw Ignp kn∏q¿ t]mb B a\pjy≥ aSßn sbØn. 20hb mb Xs‚ aIt\mSv "Rm\mWp ]nXmhv' F∂v ]dp. ]t£"\nßf√ Fs‚ ]nXmhv, Ct±lamWv' F∂v Cfb ∏s\Nq≠n°mWn®psIm≠v aI≥ hnkΩXn®t∏mƒ Cfb∏\pw bphmhnt\mSvAbmfpsS icnbmb ]nXmhv kn∏qcp \n∂p h∂ h\msW∂p ]dp.{]nbsc, Cu Hcp \ne Xs∂bmbncp∂p \ΩptSXpw, Iptd°mew apºvImtXmen°m knwlmk\w D≠mbn. ]m{Xnb¿°m knwlmk\wD≠mIp∂Xn\pw 94 sIm√w apºv. AXp Iptd°meambn C√mXncn°bmbncp∂p. km£m¬ ]nXmhmbn \mw thsd Bsf CtXhschnizkn®pt]m∂p ˛ F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ \ΩpsS km£m¬ ]nXmhvBsc∂p \mw kphy‡w a\ nem°n°gnp. \ΩpsS ]nXmhvChnsSbp≈, ChnsS ÿm]n°s∏´ncn°p∂ ImtXmen°m knwlmk\Øn¬ hmgp∂ B ]pWytZlw Xs∂bmWv.amXyqkv am¿ AØm\mtkymkv BWv At¥ymIym_‘w aecbn¬ ÿm]n®Xv. At±lØns‚ Nne "IpkrXnIƒ°p' tijw

166 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvAt±lhpw ]ctemI{]m]vX\mbn. Ime߃ Ignpt]mbn.At¥ymIybn¬ \n∂v apS°pIfmb {_“mkv{X߃ sXcpsXscaecbn¬ Npg‰ns°m≠ncp∂p. At∏mgmbncp∂p I¿Ω[oc\pw]finXintcmaWnbpamb h´t»cn¬ am¿ KohdpKokv Zohm∂m tkymkvXncpta\nbpsS Nn\p Hckv{Xw ]Xn®Xv. At±lw Ncn{Xw ]Tn®Bft√? h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n tNmZn®p "F¥n\mWv Fs∂ apS°nbXv?''F∂v. adp]Sntbm "\mw apS°nbncn°p∂p'sh∂p am{Xw.{]nbtc, H∂p Hm¿tØmfn≥! ]m{Xnb¿°okn¬ \n∂p am{Xta]´ta¬°phm≥ \nbaap≈q F∂ `mth\bpw ]m{Xnb¿°okns‚ F√mA[nImc{]aØXIƒ°pw h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n hgßns°m SpØn√mF∂ \ncmibpw sIm≠pamWv ]m{Xnb¿°okv "\mw apS°nbncn°p∂p'sh∂p am{Xw ss[cyambn ]dbphm≥ apXn¿∂Xv. Cu aÆn¬\n∂p apf®ph∂ ]gbskan\mcn ÿm]I\mb ]pent°m ´n¬Xncpta\nbpw ]p∂{X, tN∏m´v Xncpta\namcpw GXp ]m{Xnb¿ °okn¬\n∂mWv ]´ta‰p aec sa{Xmt∏meoØ∑mcmbn hmWXv? sXmgnbq¿CShIbpsS InSß≥ am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkmWv Ahsc ]´w sI´nbXv.CXv H∂pw B ioa°mc≥ _mh a\ nem°nbn√. At±lØn\p AXpAdnpwIqSm. At±lØns‚ A\pbmbn Iƒ°pw AXpAdnhp≠mbn´pw Ah¿ AXp ad∂ncn°ptam? C√. Imt\m\nIambXnfmgvNsØ \akv°mcØn¬ Ah¿ sNm√p∂Xp F¥mWv."s\Ivhq≥ Kdpambvsa≥ I_sdmZmtemslm b¬Zmkv_v kp¬tØmsh≥ sa v∏mevKt\m FkvXvsesa≥IpivtØm sh≥C v _vtdbm≥]qtemtKm Aws\kvXp¿ev Kolmt\mF dvsa."Aav s\kvXq¿ evKolmt\m F dpsa.' s\kvXdnbtcmSp IqSn\cIØn¬ CSs∏Ss´. s\kvXpdnb¿°p \cIamWv Iqen F∂p CuKoXØn¬ ]dbp∂p. F∂m¬ AhcpsS hnizmksØ kzoIcn °msXAhcpsS ]´XzsØ bmt°m_mb°m¿ kzoIcn°p∂p.F∂m¬ ]m{Xnb¿°okn\p am{Xta ta¬∏´w sImSp∏m≥ A[nImcap≈q F∂pw At±lamWv ]cam[nImcnsb∂pw ]m{Xnb¿°okv[cn®p. sa{Xm≥]´w G¬°phm≥ ioabn¬ t]mbm¬ am{Xtakm≤yamIbp≈q t]mepw!s\kvtXmdnbcn¬ \n∂v ]´w e`n®n´p≈ ta¬∏´°m¿ t]mepwk`bn¬ D≠mbn´p≠v. IjvSw! Chsb km[qIcn°p∂ At¥ymIym]m{Xnb¿°okp "X∂n¬ \n∂p am{Xta ]´taev°mhq' F∂p

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 167iTn°pIbpw ]´ta‰hcpsS ta¬ CSXShn√msX apS°pIƒh¿jn°pIbpw sNøp∂p. Chsb \mw kzoIcn°Ww t]mepw! B`mKhpw \mw hnSp∂p.h´ticn¬ Xncpta\nsb apS°p Iev]n® B ]m{Xnb¿°okvBcmbncp∂p? At±lØns‚ kz`mhw F¥mbncp∂p? At±lw Fßs\]m{Xnb¿°okv Bbn? Chsb°pdn®p hnhcn°phm≥ H´pw B{Klan√.BtcmKyw AXn\v A\phZn°p∂pan√. F∂m¬ H∂p am{Xw \mwHm¿Øncn°Ww. Kh¨sa‚ v A[nImcnIƒ°p ssI°qen sImSpØpkm£m¬ ]m{Xnb¿°okns‚ ^¿am≥ ]n≥ hen∏n®Xn\p tijamWvHcp\mƒ kXyk`sb XyPn®v tdmam k`bn¬ tN¿∂ B "hµytZlw']cnip≤ knwlmk\Øn¬ henp Ibdnbncp∂Xv ˛ AXpw hnt´°s´?h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\nsb A\ymbambn apS°n F∂ kw`hw aecsbBIam\w hndsIm≈n®p. hnZymkº∂\pw `‡intcm aWnbpamb BXncpta\nbpw a‰p sa{Xmt∏meoØ∑mcpw CShI°mcpw IqSn At¥ymIym]m{Xnb¿°okns‚ aectbmSp≈ IpXncIb‰w \n¿Øphm≥]m{Xnb¿°okn\p kam[nImcap≈Xpw ]m{Xnb¿°mknwlmk\tØ°mƒ 94 hbkp IqSpX¬ {]mbap≈ XpambImtXmen°m knwlmk\w, aecbn¬ ]p\xÿm]n°phm≥ Dd®p. aq∂psa{Xmt∏meoØ∑m¿°p Hcp ]m{Xnb¿°oknt\tbm HcpImtXmen°msbtbm hmgn°phm≥ A[nImcaps≠∂pw, F∂m¬ImtXmen°m Pohn®ncn°ptºmƒ ]m{Xnb¿°okns\ ]´w sI´p∂ Xn\vImtXmen°msbbpw, ]m{Xnb¿°okv Pohn®ncn°ptºmƒ ImtXmen°msb ]´w sI´p∂Xn\v ]m{Xnb¿°oknt\bpw At\ym\yw £Wn°Wsa∂pap≈ Imt\m≥ \n_‘\b\pkcn®p ]uckvXycmb \mwkm£m¬ ]m{Xnb¿°okmb am¿ A_vZ¬ aninlm _mhmsb £Wn°pIbpw, Aßns\ ImtXmen°m hmgvNbn¬ At±lØns‚ km∂n≤yw \ap°p≠mIpIbpw sNbvXp. Aßns\ ]m{Xnb¿°okns‚bpw a‰pXncpta\namcpsSbpw klIcWØn¬ ImtXmen°m knwlmk\waecbn¬ ÿm]nXambn. ]m{Xnb¿°m knwlmk\w Xs∂At¥ymIymbn¬ \n∂p am‰n, Ct∏mƒ tlmwknembnØo¿∂t√m.FtÕ mbn¬ D≠mb ImtXmen°m knwlmk\hpw Ct∏mƒaecbnte°p am‰n ÿm]n°s∏´ncn°bmWv. …o_m am¿HkvXmØntbmkn\pw am¿ bqentbmkn\pw am¿ A_vZ¬ aninlm_mhmapS°s∏´ Bfm sW∂p Htc \nKa\w Bkv]Zam°ns°m≠v samgnsImSp°phm≥ km[n®n´ns√n¬ am¿ A_vZ¬ aninlm_mhmapS°s∏´ Bsfm A√sbm F∂p sXfnbn°phm≥ \mapw IcpXp∂n√.Fnepw \n߃ H∂p Adnncn°Ww. hnizmkhn]coXwsIm≠√msX Hcp ]m{Xnb¿°okns\ apS°phm≥ B¿°pw

168 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvA[nImcan√. am¿ A_vZ¬ aninlmbpsS hnizmkhn]coXwF¥mbncp∂psh∂p At¥ymIym `‡∑m¿ sXfnbn°s´.{]nbsc! \mw A[nIw ]dbp∂n√. \Ωƒ Xs∂bmWv Cu {]bmkwF√mw hcpØn°q´nbXv. Rm≥ Hcp Znhkw am¿ bqen tbmkp"_mhm'bpsS ASp°¬ t]mbncp∂p. \mapw At±lhpw XΩn¬ henbASp∏amWv. \mw a\n°c°p t]mbm¬ At±lw \ap°v Im∏n Xcpw.a‰m¿°pw In´nbns√nepw \ap°p IWniam. At±lw _tYenepwhcmdp≠v. \mw At±ltØmSv tNmZn®p "B_q\m \nßfpw Rm\pwXΩn¬ ]´XzØn\p hyXymkw Dt≠m?' At±lw ]dp. "At¥ymIym]m{Xnb¿°okpw ImtXmen°mbpw \SØp∂ ]´wsImS ip{iqjm{IawH∂pXs∂bmsWnepw \nßfpsS ]´w icnb√! Rm≥ ]dp."Hm˛tlm˛ AXp icn Xs∂! Rm≥ ]m{Xnb¿°okn¬ \n∂p ]´ta‰m¬Rm\pw \nßfpw XΩn¬ ]´XzØn¬ hyXymkapt≠m?' At±lw]dp. "H´pw Xs∂ hyXymkan√.' Rm≥ Nncn®p sIm≠p tNmZn®p."F∂m¬ \nßsf F¥mWv _mhm F∂pw, Fs∂ sa{Xm≥ F∂pwBfpIƒ hnfn°p∂Xv?' "BfpIƒ hnfn°p∂Xn\v Rm\mtWm DØ-chmZn'F∂pw ]dpwsIm≠p Hcp ]®®ncn ]pdØp {]Imin∏n®p.\ΩpsS Adnhn√mbva B ]p©ncnbn¬ A¥¿eo\ambncp∂p.GsXnepw Hcp Npa∏p hkv{X[mcn ioabn¬ \n∂p aecbn¬ h∂m¬\mw Xs∂ Ahsc hnfn°pIbmWv. "hm hm' F∂v. GsXmcp ioasa{Xm≥h∂mepw "hmhm'. B "hmhm' am¿ HkvXmØntbmkn\pw am¿bqentbmkn\pw kwt_m[\bmbn. bqentbm v "hmhm.'\ap°pXs∂ kzbm[nImcw Ds≠∂pw ]m{Xnb¿°mknwlmk\tØ°mƒ ]g°wIqSnbXmWv hnip≤ ImtXmen°m knwlmk\wF∂pw \mw a\ nem°msX ioa°m¿ AhcpsS A[nImcw aecbn¬sNepØphm≥ ]Xpßn ]Xpßn hcptºmƒ \mw Ahsc hm ˛ hm F∂pkwt_m[\ sNbvXp kzoIcn°p∂p. Aßs\ ioabnse sa{Xm≥aecbn¬ "hm˛hm'∑m¿ BbnØocp∂p.Rm≥ as‰mcp Znhkw am¿ bqentbmknt\mSv tNmZn®p. "a\n°sc]Tn∏n°p∂ Imt\m≥ GXmsW∂v.' bqentbmkns‚ adp]SnlqZmbImt\m≥ F∂mbncp∂p "B_q\m AXn¬ ImtXmen °mbpsSA[nImcsØ°pdn®p hmbn®n´nt√!' adp]Snbn√. "\nßfpsS 18 A°wImt\m\n¬ Xs∂. ImtXmen°mbpsS A[nImcsØ°pdn®phmbn®n´nt√?' adp]Sn C√; shdpw Hcp ]®®ncn am{Xw.{]nbtc! IÆp≠mbn´pw Ah¿ ImWp∂n√; sNhnbp≠mbn´pwtIƒ°p∂n√. ]mhs∏´ aecP\߃ F¥dnp! A[nIwGev]n°s∏´htcmSp A[nIw tNmZn°pw. AXn\m¬ Imt\m≥hymJym\n°p∂ ta¬∏´°m¿ Xs∂ hmbn°s´, Nn¥n°s´, ]n∂oSp

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 169P\ßsf ]Tn∏n°s´!Fs‚ {]kwKw Rm≥ Ahkm\n∏n°p∂p. hfsc, A[nIw]dbWsa∂p F\n°p B{Klap≠v. F∂m¬ H∂p c≠p Imcy߃Fs∂ hnjas∏SpØp∂p. B kv{XobpsS Xebn¬ Rm≥ ]dbp∂Ncn{Xsam∂pw Xs∂ Ibdp∂n√ F∂p tXm∂pw XmSnbn¬ IøpwIpØn\nev°p∂ B \nev]p I≠m¬. Cu Ncn{Xw XpS¿∂m¬ h√]pcpj\pw A{]Imcw Xs∂ C\n \nt∂°pw. c≠maXmbn ssa°vAXns‚ tPmenbpw \n¿Ønh®p. Fs‚ s\©pthZ\bpw h¿≤n°p∂p.{]nbsc \mw \msf tIm´btØ°p t]mIWsa∂p B{Kln°p∂p.\n߃ F\n°p sNbvXp X∂ kIe kmlNcy߃°pw \µn ]dpsIm≈p∂p. Ahkm\ambn Rm≥ ]dbp∂p h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\nbpsSA¥ysamgnIƒ \n߃ hmbn®ncn °pat√m. B samgnIƒ \nßfpsSlrZbßfn¬ \n∂pw amp t]mIcpXv. aeck`bpsS \ne\nev]n\pth≠n A{im¥w ]cn{ian® c≠p alm]pcpj∑msc ssZhw\ntbmKn®b® Hcp ]´WamWv CXv. \ΩpsS k`tbmSv GsXmcp i‡nFXn¿Ømepw AXns\ t\cnSphm≥ X°hÆw \mw ssZhtØmSp{]m¿∞n°bpw ssZhØn¬ B{ibn®p {]h¿Øn°pIbpw thWw.‘Child is the father of the man.' C∂sØ bphm°∑mcmWp k`sb]cn]ment°≠Xv. C∂p k`bn¬ {]h¿Ø\w \SØp∂hcn¬ {]mbwsN∂hcpw Hcp ]t£ ""Rm\pw \msftbm a‰ ∂mtfmacn®pt]mtb°mw''. AXn\m¬ bphm°∑m¿ k`m kvt\lnIfmbnk`mtkh\Øn\p I® sI´Ww. Rm≥ apºp ]dXp t]mseAt¥ymIym knwlmk\ tØ°mƒ 94 hb p IqSpX¬ {]mbw D≠vImtXmen°m knwlm k\Øn\v. ]m{Xnb¿°okns‚ kam[nImcwImtXmen°mbv°pw D≠v. CXmWv \nJym kp∂ltZmkv \n›bw.Chsbm∂pw \n߃ ad∂pt]mIcpXv.Ct∏mƒ hnip≤ ImtXmen°m knwlmk\Øn¬ hmgp∂ ]cnip≤ImtXmen°m _mhm Xncpta\nbpsS BbpcmtcmKyØn\p th≠n \ap°p{]m¿∞n°mw. ]cnip≤ ImtXmen°m _mhm \oWmƒ hmgs´. \ap°p{]m¿∞n°mw. BImiØnep≈ RßfpsS ]nXmth.........

170 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv28aS-°-bm{X]g-b-]-≈n°p sXm´p≈ Fw. sP. Un. sslkvIqƒ lmfn-em-bn-cp∂pImtXm-en°m Zn\m-tLmj ktΩ-f-\w. Xncp-ta\n A∂v \S-Ønb Bkp{]-[m\ {]kwKw Ip∂w-Ip-fsØ ]pen-t°m-´n¬ tPmkv siΩm-»≥FgpXn ]pkvX-I-am-°n. "Xpº-a¨ CS-h-I-bpsS Imew sNbvX am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kns‚ A¥y-im-k\w' F∂ t]cn¬. Ht∂-Im¬ AW-bm-bncp∂phne. AXm-bXv Hcp AW aq∂p ss]k. Ip∂w-Ipfw F. B¿. ]n.{] n¬ \n∂v A®-Sn®v dh. ^m. sI. kn. s]cp-amƒ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. Cu]pkvXIw Ct∏mgpw Rß-fpsS ]°¬ D≠v. tPmkv siΩm-»≥ ]n∂oSvtPmk-®-\mbpw Ct∏mƒ tPmk^v tImsd-∏n-kvtIm-∏-mbmbnhn{iaPohnXw \bn-°p-∂p. At±lw B {]kwKw FgpXn ]pkvX-I-am-°n-bn-√m-bn-cp-s∂-n¬ lrZ-bsØ sXm´p-W¿Øp∂ B {]`m-jWw k`ma°ƒ°v \jvS-am-tbs\. B k¬{]-hr-Øn°v ae-ck` apgp-h≥ At±l-tØmSvIS-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. Xncp-ta\n sNbvX F{X, F{X D{K≥ {]`mj-W-߃A¥-co-£-Øn¬ ebn-®p. Bcpw Fgp-Xn-bn√; {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-√. F√mw FgpXn kq£n®p sh®n-cp-s∂-n¬ k`bv°p am{X-a√ {]kw-K-I-ebv°p Xs∂ AsXmcp apX¬°q-´m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ Ignbp-tºmsgXncp-ta-\n-sb-t∏m-sebp≈ henb hm‹n-Iƒ P\n-°p-I-bp-≈q.Ah-cpsS Xme¥v th≠ hn[-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-XmWv am\-h-cm-inbpsS[¿Ωw. djy-bnse Aw_m-k-Udpw, {]apJ \b-X-{¥-⁄-\p-am-bncp∂sI. ]n. Fkv. tat\ms‚ {]kwKw tIƒ°m≥ Nne ÿe-ß-fn¬Sn°‰p h®mWv Bfp-Isf {]th-in-∏n-®-Xv. Ipd®p-h¿j-߃°p ap≥]v\ncym-X-\mb Nn∑-bm-\µ kzman-I-fpsS {]kw-Khpw CXp-t]mse D{K-\mbn-cp-∂p.{]kw-K-Nm-Xp-cn-bn¬ Hcp alm-{]Xn-`-bm-bn-cp∂ am¿ ]oe-Ivknt\m-kns\th≠t]mse a\- n-em-°m-\pw, At±-l-Øn\v {]h¿Øn-°m-\p-ap≈ kuI-cy-߃ Hcp-°n-s°m-Sp-°m\pw \ap°v Ign-pthm? am¿]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv F∂ t]cn¬ Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ a[y-Im-eØv C¥ybn¬Hc-am-\pj hm‹n Pohn-®n-cp∂p F∂-Xn\v GI sXfnhv Ipsd sIm√߃Ign-bp-tºmƒ Hcp-]t£ "Ip∂w-Ipfw {]kwKw' am{X-am-bn-cn°pw!H∂-c- a-Wn-°q¿ D®-Øn¬ \o≠ B Kw`o-c-{]-kw-K-Øn\p tijhpwXncp-ta-\n°v £oW-sam∂pw A\p-`-h-s∏-´n-√. ktΩ-f\w Ign-v hn]pe-ambs]mXpkZybv°v Hcp-°-߃ \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. ]g-b-]≈n A-W-Øns‚ ]Sn-msd `mKØv P\-߃ hcn-h-cn-bmbn Ccn-°p∂p; Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS apºn¬ ]m{X-ß-fn-epw, sIm´-I-fn-ep-ambn tNmdpw, Idn-I-fpw,]gw, ]∏Sw XpS-ßn-bh sIm≠p-h∂p sh®p. Xncp-ta\n {]m¿∞n®v

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 171A\p{Kln®p. hnf-ºm≥ A\p-hm-Zhpw sImSp-Øp. hnf-ºp-Im¿ Aio{Lwhnf-ºn. sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\nsb Cu ImgvN hf-sc-b-[nIw ckn-∏n-®p. Xncpta-\nbpwAh¿°n-S-bn-eqsS \S-∂Xpw a‰pw C∂pw ad-∂n-´n-√. ]∏SwhdpØv henb sIm´-bn¬ c≠p-t]¿ c≠p Xebpw ]nSn®v sIm≠p-h-cp-∂p. Xncp-ta\n \√-t]mse s]m≈n-s∏mßnb Hcp ]∏Sw sIm´-bn¬ \ns∂-SpØp Xn∂p-∂p. F√m-hcpw B ImgvN I≠v Nncn-°p-∂p. ]∏Sw ISn®pXn∂-t∏mƒ s]m´n-®n-X-dnb sNdnb Ij-W-߃ aoi-bpsS A‰-Øpw, XmSnbnepw]‰n-∏n-Sn®p. IdpØ XmSn-bn¬ Cfw a \nd-Øn-ep≈ s]m´p-Iƒ! BfpIƒ°v _lp-c-k-amb ImgvN. Npa-en¬ InS-∂n-cp∂ henbXqhme -sIm≠v AsX√mw XpS®p If-p. P\-߃ `£Ww Ign®vkwXr-]vX-cmbn Fgp-t∂¬°p-∂Xp hsc Xncp-ta\n IuXpI]q¿∆w F√mwt\m°n-\n-∂p.A∂v cm{Xn `£Ww Ign-°ptºmƒ \msf cmhnse Xncn®p t]mIm≥th≠ Hcp-°-߃ sNbvXpsIm≈m≥ siΩm-»-t\mSv Iev]n®p. ImeØvGgp- a-Wn°p Xs∂ Cd-ß-W-sa∂p ss{Uh-tdmSp ]d-p.]d--t]mse G{]n¬ 16 \p cmhnse ]≈n-bnse \a-kvImcw Ign--tijw {]`mX `£Ww Ign-®p. acp∂v Ign®v sshZy¿ ]d-t]msec≠p- •m v Poc-I-sh-≈hpw IpSn-®p. F√m-h-tcmSpw bm{X ]dv Imdn¬Ib-dn. t\tc t]mbXv B¿Øm‰v ]f-fn-bn-te-°mWv. AºXv t\mºpImeØv AhnsS {hXm-\p-jvTm\\nc-X-cmbn Xma-kn-°p∂ hfsc A[nIwBfp-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-am-cpsS Imew sXm´v\S∂phcp∂ Hcp k{º-Zm-b-am-Wn-Xv. ho´n¬ \n∂phn´v kI-e- _-≤-∏m-Sp-I-fn¬ \n∂p-sam-gnp ]I-epw, cm{Xnbpw ]≈n-bn¬ Xs∂ Xma-kn®vbma-{]m¿∞-\-Iƒ \SØn GIm-{K-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn t\mºpw, {]m¿∞-\-bpw,D]-hm-k-hp-ambn Ign-bp-I. Xncp-ta\n B¿Øm‰v ]≈n-bn¬ epØn-\nbIgn-®-tijw t\msº-SpØv Xma-kn-°p-∂-h-tcmSp t\mºn-s\-°p-dn-®pw,]pXp-°-s∏´ Pohn-X-sØ-∏-‰nbpw hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v 45 an\n´v Hcp ¢ms -Sp-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ {]kw-Kn-®p.B¿Øm‰v \n∂p aS-ßnb-tijw Imdv Ip∂w-Ipfw ap\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-bnsekm\n-´dn C≥kvs]-IvS-dpsS ho´n-te°p hn´p. ]Ø-\w-Xn´ kztZ-in-bpw,ImtXm-en-t°‰v sslkvIq-fns‚ {]mcw-`-Im-esØ hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ Hcmfp-am-bn-cp∂pB DtZym-K-ÿ≥. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS `h\ kµ¿i-\-sØ-°pdn®pw,]nt‰ Znh-k-ap-≠mb sa{Xm-®s‚ tZl-hn-tbm-K-sØ-°p-dn-®pw, ]Ø-\w-Xn-´-bn-ep≈ kz]n-Xm-hn\v Fgp-Xnb Xmsg tN¿°p∂ IØv ]oe-Ivknt\mkvkph-\n-dn¬ ImWmw.Ip∂w-Ip-fw,17-˛4-˛1951

172 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv{]nb-s∏´ AØ-bv°v,CXv G‰hpw lrZ-b-th-Z\-tbm-Sp- IqSn Fgp-Xp∂ IØm-Wv. \ΩpsSsslkvIqƒ amt\-P¿ Xncp-ta\n Hcm-gvN-tbm-f-ambn ChnsS Xma-kn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-ta\n ChnsS Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xmbn Adnv At±-lsØDS≥ sN∂v ImW-W-sa∂v hnNm-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Rm≥ ChnsSDs≠-∂p≈ hnhcw Xncp-ta\n Adnv At±-lsØ DS≥ sN∂v ImW-W-sa∂v Bsf ]d--b-®p. 15-˛\p Rmb-dmgvN sshIp-t∂cw Rm≥ ]≈nbn¬sN∂v ImWp-I-bpw, ]pØ≥Im-hn-te°v Fgp-s∂-≈p-∂psh∂pw, 16-˛mw Xo Xn-fmgvN ImeØv Fs‚ Xma-k-ÿ-eØv h∂v k¬°m-c-߃kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p \n›-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw ]d-p. AX-\p-k-cn®vAt±-lsØ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Chn-SsØ F√m henb DtZym-Kÿ≥am-cpw, Rß-fpsS ap\n-kn-∏¬ sNb¿am≥ Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈Iu¨kn-e¿am-cpw, ImØn-cp-∂p. 16- ˛\p F´p aWn°v Fs‚ Xma-k-ÿeØvhcn-I-bpw, k¬°m-c-߃ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. -Fs‚ssIsIm≠v At±-l-Øn\p sImSpØ a[pc \mc-ß-bpw-, {Ijpw hmßnIgn-°p-I-bpw, Fs∂ G‰hpw lrZ-b-]q¿∆w Bio¿h-Zn-°p-I-bpw, Xncpta-\nbpwAØm-bp-am-bp≈ kvt\l-_-lp-am-\-ßsf ChnsS IqSn-bn-cp∂F√m Bfp-I-sfbpw a\- n-em-°p-I-bp-ap≠m-bn. Chn-sS -\n∂v 8.57 \v ac-Ø-tm-t´°p Fgp-s∂-≈n. F¥n-\-[nIw ]d-bp∂p. At±-l-Øn\p XosckpJ-an-√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂p A∂p sshIn´v Rm≥ Adn DSs\ RßfpsSsNb¿ams\ hnh-c-a-dn-bn-®p. At±-l-hpw, Rm\pw, a‰p kap-Zmb{]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw IqSn ac-Ø-tm´p ]≈n-bn¬ sN∂p ip{iq-jn®p. Rßsft\m°n Xncp-ta\n H∂p Nncn-®-tX-bp-≈q. At±lw ac-Ø-tm´p ]≈nbn¬Xs∂ Xma-kn-®p. ]q¿Æ-hn-{iaw FSp-°p-∂-Xn\p tUmIvS¿ D]-tZin-®p.AXp-I-gnv Rm≥ ho´n¬ h∂n-cp-∂p-sh-nepw At∏mƒ apX¬GtXm Nne hnj-a-X-Iƒ Fs∂ Ae-´n-s°m-≠n-cp∂p. C∂p ImeØv 11aWn-tbmsS At±lw Imew sNbvXp-sh∂v Adnhp In´n. hniz-kn-°m≥\n¿∆m-l-an-√mØ Hcp hm¿ØbmsW-nepw Rm\pw, sNb¿am\pw IqSn]≈n-bn¬ sN∂p. Xncp-ta\n ]p©ncn XqIn A¥y-hn-{iawsIm≈p∂Xmbn-´mWv I≠-Xv. Rm\pw, sNb¿am\pw s]m´n-°-c-p-t]mbnF∂p-≈Xpw Hcp shdpw ]c-am¿∞w Xs∂-bm-Wv. km[m-cW Hcp `h-\-Ønepw t]mImØ Xncp-ta\n ap…o-amb Fs‚ ho´n¬ Fgp-s∂≈n Fs∂Bio¿h-Zn-®p.F∂v, Fw. Ihn-cm-P≥Ihn-cm-Ps‚ `h-\-Øn¬ \n∂v _Y-\n-®m-∏-en-te°p t]mbn. A∂v_Y\n B{i-a-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Koh¿Kokv A®≥ ]e-X-hW Ip∂w-Ipfw ]g-b-]-≈n-bn¬ h∂v Xncp-ta-\nsb kµ¿in®v A\p-{Klw hmßnbn-cp∂p.aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-tºmƒ _Y\n B{iaw kµ¿in-°-W-sa∂ A®s‚

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 173\n¿_-‘-]q¿∆-amb At]£ A\p-k-cn-®mWv _Y\n B{i-a-Øn-te°vXncn-®-Xv.CXn-\nsS ck-I-c-amb Hcp kw`-h-ap-≠m-bn. Xncp-ta-\nsb IW-°‰vBcm-[n-®n-cp-∂-h-cpw, ÿnc-ambn {]kwKw tI´p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-h-cp-amb HcpIpSpw-_-Øn\v Xncp-ta\n Ah-cpsS `h\w kµ¿in®v A\p-{K-ln-°-Wsa∂ISpØ tamlw. ]g-b-]-≈n-bn¬ Xncp-ta\n hn{i-an®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂thf-bn¬ Ahn-sS-s®∂v sa{Xm-®s\ B{Klw Adn-bn-°m-\p≈ ss[cywD≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]g-b-]-≈n-bn¬ sN∂m¬ F¥n-\mWp h∂-sX∂vA®≥am¿ tNmZn-°pw. kpJ-an√m-sX-bn-cn-°p∂ Xncp-ta-\nsb ho´n-te°p£Wn-°m-\mWv h∂n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂p ]d-m¬ A®≥am¿ HmSn-°pw.Ah¿ Hcp ISpwssI sNbvXp. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Im¿ _Y\n B{i-a-Ønte°pt]mIm≥ hoSn\p ap≥]n-ep≈ tdmUn-eqsS hcp-∂Xp I≠v A∏\pw,AΩ-bpw, a°fpw F√mw tdmUn¬ Cdßn \n∂p. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Im¿ASp-sØ-Øn. F√m-hcpw IqSn tdmUns‚ \Sp-°p-\n∂v ssIIm-Wn®v Im¿\n¿Øn-®p. F¥mWv kw`-h-sa-∂-dn-bm-sX -]n≥ko-‰n-en-cn-°p∂ Xncp-ta\nsiΩm-»-t\mSv hnhcw Xnc-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´p. At∏m-gmWv ]d-bp-∂XvXncp-ta\n Ah-cpsS sIm®p-ho-´n¬ Ibdn Hcp an\n´v Ccn-°-W-sa∂v! Cßs\-bpt≠mHcp hocm-cm-[\? AtXm `‡n-{]-I-S-\tam? tbip-{In-kvXphns‚hkv{Xw Hcp kv{Xo sXm´v kpJw {]m]n® thZ-`mKw Hm¿Ω-bn¬hcp-∂p. {InkvXp-hns‚ A\phmZw tNmZn-®n-´-√t√m B kv{Xo sXm´vkuJyw t\Sn-b-Xv. Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cpsS kvt\lhpw, hnizm-khpw F∂-√msXF¥p ]d-bm≥!sNdn-b-Ip-´n-Iƒ AS-ßp∂ B IpSpw-_-Øns‚ kvt\l-]q¿∆-amb\n¿_‘w sa{Xm-®s‚ a\- n¬ X´n. Ffn-a-bpsS {]Xo-I-hpw, hm’-ey-Øns‚ \nd-Ip-S-hpw, kvt\l-Øns‚ Iqºm-c-hp-amb {InkvXp-hns‚ Bt{ijvT {]Xn-\n[n Xs∂ AXn-c‰v _lp-am-\n-°p∂ B IpSpw-_-Øns‚kvt\l-hm-bv]n∂p apºn¬ Xe-h-W-ßn Imdn¬ \n∂n-dßn. Hcp an\n´vam{Xw Ccp-∂m¬ aXn-sb∂v B{K-ln-®-h¿°v Xncp-ta\n ]Øp- an-\n-t´mfwCcp-∂Xv I≠v AXn-bmb kt¥m-j-am-bn. B IpSpw-_-\m-Y\pw `mcybpwXncp-ta-\n-bpsS Im¬°¬ hoWv Im¬ Npw_n-®p. Ahsc A\p-I-cn®v]nt©m-a\ InSm-ßfpw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Im¬°¬ hoWv Npw_n-°m≥{ian-®-t∏mƒ Xncp-ta\n kΩ-Xn-®n-√. B Ipp-ßsf hmcn-sb-SpØv aSnbn-en-cpØnAh-cpsS Xe-bn¬ ssIh®v A\p-{K-ln-®p. Xncp-ta\n{]m¿∞n®v Ah-tcmSv bm{X ]d-n-d-ßn. ]nt‰∂v Xncp-ta\n ImewsNbvXp F∂ hm¿Ø tI´-t∏mƒ B IpSpw_w s]m´n-°-c-p. Bho´n¬ Bcpw A∂v `£Ww Ign-®n-√. B IpSpw-_-\m-Y-\pw, `mcy-bpw,Ipp-ßfpw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS arX-tZlw Z¿in®v Gß-e-Sn®p Ic-p.-ASpØp \n¬°p∂-h¿°v B ImgvN I≠p\n¬°m≥ høm-bn-cp-∂p. B

174 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvIpSpw-_mw-K-߃ Ct∏mgpw Ip∂w-Ip-f-Øp-≠v. IpSpw-_-\m-Y\pw `mcybpwacn®p t]mbn. A∂v Xncp-ta\n aSn-bn¬ Ib‰nbncpØn A\p-{K-ln®Ipp-߃ hf¿∂p henb DtZym-K-ÿ≥am-cmbn Ign-bp-∂p. C∂pwsIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\nsb B IpSpw_w Bcm-[n-°p-∂p. ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncpta-\n-sb-∏‰n]d-bp-tºmƒ C∂pw Ah-cpsS IÆp \nd-bpw. Cßs\ F{X,F{X IpSpw-_-߃._Y\n B{i-a-Øn¬ h®p Koh¿Ko-k-®≥ Xncp-ta-\nsb lmc-a-Wnbn®vkzoI-cn-®p. Ipd-®p-t\cw AhnsS Nne-h-gn® tijw ac-Øw-tmSpkvIqƒ ImWp-∂-Xn\v hS-°m-t©cn tdmUp hgn bm{X-bm-bn. AXn-s\-°p-dn®v kn. F¬. C´n-am-Wn-bpsS teJ-\-Ønse {]k‡ `mKw XmsgsImSp-°p-∂p:""Xn-fmgvN ImeØp Xs∂ Xncp-ta\n tIm´-b-tØ°p bm{X-bmbn.hfsc Xnc-°n´ Hcp ]cn-]mSn At∏mgpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B¿Øm‰v ]≈nkµ¿in-°p-I, AhnsS t\mºp t\m¬°p-∂-h¿°p Hcp D]-tZiw sImSp-°p-I,- _-Y\n Nm∏¬ kµ¿in-°pI; Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Hcp kvt\ln-Xs‚aI-\pw, injy-\p-amb Chn-SpsØ km\n-´dn C≥kvs]-Iv-S¿ Ihn-cm-P≥aocm-]n-≈-bpsS k¬°m-c-ß-fn¬ ]p sIm≈pI; CsX√mw Xncp-ta-\nbpsSkm[m-cW a´n-e-ßs\ \S-∂p. i\n-bmgvN \n›-bn-®-X-\p-k-cn®vac-Ø-tmSv kvIqƒ ImWp-∂-Xn\v bm{X Xncn®p. X’-abw ]md-bnse\mepw IqSnb hgn-bn¬ IqSn t\sc Ing-t°m´p ]mp-t]mb Imdns‚Fc-º-hpw, IqIepw ac-W-Øns‚ aWn Ipep-°-am-bn-cp-∂p! At∏mƒ BImdn¬ ImWmb tXPx-]pRvPw cmlp {K kvX-am-sW∂v B¿ Icp-Xn.""Xncp-ta\n t]mbn'' F∂v AhnsS IqSn-bn-cp-∂-h¿ F√mw ]d-p'' (am¿]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv kph-\n¿, t]Pv 57).

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 17529""lm! Dd-°-an-√mØ Hcpcm{Xn ˛ acn°pw''sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS hchpw t\m°n ac-Øw-tImSv kvIqfn¬ Im°t»cnCøp amÃ-dpw, klm-≤ym-]-Icpw ImeØp Xs∂ h∂v ImØp \n∂p.kvIqƒ Gs‰-Sp-°p-sa-∂pw, Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS amt\-Pvsa‚n¬ ASpØPqWn¬ sslkvIq-fmbn Db¿Øp-sa∂pw Ah¿ a\ v \ndsb {]Xo-£n-®p. a[y-th-\-e-h[n Bb-Xn-\m¬ Hm^okv Xpd∂v F√mw ASn-®p-hm-cn.Xncp-ta\n h∂m¬ Ccn-°m≥ Itk-c-sb√mw s]mSn-X´n XpS-®p. {Kma-{]-tZ-i-amb ac-Øw-tIm´v sslkvIqƒ D≠m-Im≥ t]mIp∂p F∂ kt¥mj-Øm¬ÿesØ Nne ]uc-ap-Jycpw FØn-bn-´p-≠v. ac-Øw-tIms´Ip´n-Iƒ Ggmw-¢m v Ign-m¬ sslkvIqƒ ]T-\-Øn\v Ip∂w-Ipfwk¿°m¿ t_mbvkv sslkvIq-fn-emWp t]mbn-h-∂-Xv.Ip∂w-Ipfw ˛ hS-°m-t©cn tdmUn¬ Ip∂w-Ip-fØp \n∂pw \mepIntem-ao-‰¿ Ing°p amdn-bmWv ac-Øw-tIm-Sv. Ip∂w-Ipfw Ign-m¬]ns∂ sNm∆-∂q¿. tdmUn\v Ccp-h-ihpw hb-em-Wv. ]mSw I-gnv Ibdp-∂Xvac-Øw-tIm-t´-bv°m-Wv. Im¿ ac-Øw-tImSv FØm-dm-b-t∏m-tg°pwsa{Xm-®\v s\©p-th-Z\ XpS-ßn. hn´p-amdn F∂p Icp-Xnb AkpJw]q¿∆m-[nIw h¿≤n-®p. Xncp-ta\n Imdn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Hcp Xe-bW FSpØvs\t©mSp tN¿Øp ]nSn®v AXn-t∑¬ Xncp-Ωn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. Fhn-sSsb-nepwH∂p Ibdn hn{i-an-°p-I-bmWv \√-sX∂v tXm∂n. Im¿ ac-Øw-tImSv Nm∏-ens‚ apºn¬ FØn. Ipd®p Zqcw IqSn t]mIWw ac-Øw-tImSv kvIqfn-te-°v. kzev]w hn{i-an-®-tijw BImw F∂p IcpXnIm¿ Nm∏-ens‚ A-W-Øn-te-°mWp FØn-b-Xv. Xncp-ta\n Imdn¬ \n∂v]Xps° Cdßn Nm∏-en-te°v \S-∂p. A∂v \√ {]m]vXn-bp≈ sI. sI.Ipdn-bm-t°mkv A®-\m-bn-cp∂p hnIm-cn. Ct±lw ]n∂oSv kuØv I\dmbnse{_“- hm¿ an-j-\n¬ tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-°m≥ t]mbn. {_“hm¿sk‚ v tacokv tImfPpw a‰pw ÿm-]n-®Xv Ct±-l-am-Wv. Ipdn-bm-t°mkvA®≥ Nm∏-en¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-ta\n £oWn-X-\mbn \S-°p-∂XvI≠v A®≥ HmSn h∂p. Xncp-ta-\n°v s\©p-th-Z\bps≠-∂-dnv A®≥h√msX ]cn-{`-an-®p. Nm∏-en¬ Ibdn epØn-\nbm Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw£oWw sIm≠v XpS¿∂p sNm√m≥ hømsX A®-t\mSv sNm√n apgp-an-∏n-°p-hm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. epØn-\nbm Ah-km-\n-®-tXmSpIqSn AhnsS h∂p IqSnb `‡-P-\-ßsf ssIap-Øn®v Xncp-ta\n Nm∏en\v]pdØp h∂v hnImcn A®s‚ sNdnb IpSp p apdn-bnse I´n-en¬

176 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvAh-i-\mbn InS-∂p. ac-Øw-tImSv A∂v sNdnb Nm∏¬. C∂v B \nesb√mwamdn. Ct∏mƒ ]≈n ]pXp-°n-∏-Wnp. hnim-e-amb apdn-Ifpw\n¿Ωn-®p.Nm∏-en¬ FØn-b-tijw s\©p-th-Z\ H´pw Ipd-n-s√∂p am{Xa√IqSp-I-bp-amWp≠m-b-Xv. t\csØ NnIn-’n-®n-cp∂ tZh-kn-°p´nsshZysc Iq´n-s°m≠p hcm-\p≈ \n¿t±-i-tØmSp IqSn B¿Øm‰v ˛Ip∂w-Ipfw almCS-hI hnImcn P\-d-emb _. ]mtd-a¬ Ipdn-bm-t°mkvIØ-\m-cpsS ho´n-te°v Im¿ Ab®p. ]mtd-a¬ A®-t\bpw sIm≠vsshZys‚ ho´n-te-°v Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS Im¿ HmSp-∂Xp I≠-t∏mƒ Bfp-Iƒ Aº-c-∂p. sshZy-t\bpw Iq´n-s°m≠v aS-ßn-b-tXmsS ""Xncp-ta-\n°vkpJ-an-s√∂'' hm¿Ø Ip∂w-Ip-f-ØmsI Im´p Xo t]mse ]S¿∂p.sshZy-cpsS NnIn’ ho≠pw XpS-ßn. Dt±-in® Zqc-bm{X X¬°mew XpSc-cp-sX∂vsshZy¿ ]d--X-\p-k-cn-®v, bm{X A\n-›n-X-ambn \o´n. IqSp-X¬ hnZKvZ NnIn’ e`n-°p-∂-Xn\pw a‰p-ambn Ip∂w-Ip-f-tØ°p Xs∂Xncn-®p-t]mbn Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Xocp-am-\n-®p. B hnh-c-Øn\p_mhmbv°p Hcp IsØ-gp-Xn. B IØv Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p.sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n,16-˛4-˛1951Xncp-a-\- -dn-bn-°p-∂-Xv,C∂p cmhnse tIm´-b-tØ°p hcp-∂-Xn-\mbn Imdn¬ ]pd-s∏´v Rm≥ac-Øw-tIm´v Nm∏¬ hsc- h-∂p. F∂m¬ CSbv°p h®v s]s´-s∂mcps\©p-th-Z\ h∂Xpaqew Nm∏-en¬ Ibdn Xma-kn®v tUmIvSsd hcpØnacp∂p Ign-®p. Ct∏mƒ Ipsd Bizm-k-ap-≠v. F∂n-cn-°nepw Ipd--]£w aq∂p Znh-k-sa-nepw ChnsS Xma-kn®p ]cn-]q¿Æ hn{iaw FSp-°-W-sa-∂mWv Abm-fpsS \n¿t±-iw. AXn-\m¬ bm{X apS°n Ip∂w-Ipf-tØ°vt]mtc≠n h∂p.aqtdm≥ IqZmi kw_-‘n®v Xncp-ta\n Ab-®n-´p≈ km[\w ChnsSIn´n. hymgmgvN sshIn-´-tØ°v (G-{]n¬ 19) tIm´-bØp h∂p tNcmsa∂p{]Xo-£n-°p-∂p.{]kvXpX IØn¬ "bm{X apS°n Ip∂w-Ip-f-tØ°p t]mtc≠n h∂p'F∂v FgpXn°mWp-∂p. IsØ-gp-Xp∂ kabw Ip∂w-Ip-f-tØ°v ]pds∏-Sm≥Hcp-ßn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. IsØ-gp-Xn-°-gnv Ipd-®p-I-gnvAkpJw h¿≤n-®-t∏mƒ ac-Øw-tImSp Xs∂ XpS¿∂v Xma-kn-°p-I-bpam-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.]I¬ ]{¥≠p aWn°v Xncp-ta\n InS-°-bn¬ Fgp-t∂-‰n-cp∂v iapth¬siΩm-»-s\-s°m≠v A©p IØp-Iƒ Fgp-Xn-®p. AXnseBZysØ IØmWv ImtXm-en°m _mhmbv°v Fgp-Xnb apI-fn¬

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 177sImSpØ IØv. a‰p IØp-Iƒ HutK≥ am¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkn\pw am¿t_kn¬ skmssk-‰n-bpsS kp∏o-cn-b-dn\pw, Xpº-a¨ sa{Xm-k\ CShIsk{I-´dnbmb Zm\n-tb¬ IØ-\m¿°pw, ]n. Pn. tPm¿Pv siΩm-»-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. IØp-Iƒ Fgp-Xn-°-gn DS≥ Xncp-ta\n t]gvkn¬ \n∂v162 cq] 4 AW FSpØv Hcp Ih-dn-en´v H´n®v AXns‚ ]pdØv kz¥wssI∏-S-bn¬ ta¬hn-em-k-sa-gpXn siΩm-»s\ G¬∏n-®n´v ]d-p. ""CuXpI Xpº-a¨ a¿Ø-a-dnbw kamPw JPm≥Pnsb G¬∏n®v ckoXn hmß-Ww. F\n-°n-X-√msX bmsXmcp IS-hp-an-√; Hcp IS-∏m-Sp-an-√.'' CXp tI´t∏mƒsiΩm-»≥ h√msX hnj-an-®p. siΩm-»s‚ apJsØ ZpxJ`mhwZ¿in® Xncp-ta\n At±-lsØ Biz-kn-∏n-°m-\mbn Iev]n-®p. ""Xm≥H∂p sIm≠pw hnj-an-t°-≠. a\- nse hnjaw Aev]w Ipd-bp-∂-Xn\pth≠n CsXms° ]d-bp-∂-Xm-Wv.''kpJ-an-√msX InS-°p∂ Bsf InS-Øn-s∏m-dp-∏n-°n-s√∂p ]d--t]mse-bmWvBfp-I-fpsS s]cp-am-‰w. Xncp-ta-\nsb ImWm-s\∂pw ]dvIp∂w-Ip-fØp \n∂pw Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap≈ {]tZ-iØp \n∂pw P\-߃ ac-Øw-tIm-t´°p amc-ب Hm´w Xs∂. h∂v AkpJ hnhcw tNmZn-°p-∂-h¿ ]e-cm-Wv. tcmKhn-hcw ]d-bp-∂Xv Xncp-ta\n am{X-hpw. kµ¿i-Isc \nb-{¥n-°p-hm-\p≈ kwhn-[m-\-sam∂pw A∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. t\scsF. kn. bp. hn¬ Ib‰n InS-tØ≠ ÿnXn. A∂v B hI kuI-cy߃H∂pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√-t√m.kvIqfn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb ImØp \n∂ A≤ym-]-Icpw a‰p th≠-s∏-´hcpw,Xncp-ta\n Bekyhnt[-b-\mbn ac-Øw-tImSv Nm∏-en¬ InS-°p∂pF∂ ZpxJ-I-c-amb hm¿Ø tI´p. DSs\ Ah-sc-√m-hcpw IqSn Nm∏-ente°ph∂p. XpS¿∂p-≠mb Imcy-߃ apºv kqNn-∏n® kn. F¬. C´nam-Wn-bpsSteJ-\-Øn¬ \n∂v D≤-cn-°p-∂p:""Aev]w Bizmkw tXm∂n-b-tXmSp IqSn Ahn-SpsØ I≠p hµn-°phm≥BK-X-cmb Hmtcm-cp-Ø-tcmSpw Xncp-ta\n kw`m-jWw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Ahn-Sp∂v amt\-Pvsa‚ v t\cn´v Gs‰-Sp-°m-sa∂v kΩ-Xn® ac-Øw-tImSv temh¿ sk°-≠dn kvIqƒ Imcy-sØ-°p-dn®v Sn. kvIqƒÃm^nse AwK-ß-tfmSv Zo¿L-t\cw kw`m-jWw \S-Øn. ASpØ kvIqƒh¿jm-cw-`-tØm-Sp-IqSn AXns\ Hcp sslkvIq-fm°n Db¿Øp-∂-Xn\vth≠ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-sfm-s°bpw Xøm-dm°n Bh-iy-amb \n¿t±-i-߃\¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.''D®\a-kv°m-c-Øns‚ ka-b-am-b-t∏mƒ sa{Xm-®≥ Nm∏-en-te°v IS-∂p. {]m¿∞\ Ignv D®-`-£-W-Øn-\n-cp-∂p. henb hni∏p tXm∂nbn-cp-∂n-√.kzev]w s]mSn-b-cn-°n am{Xw Ign-®p. `£Ww Ignphn{i-an-°th Bbn-cp∂p ho≠pw i‡n-bmb s\©p-th-Z\. DSs\ ]mtda-e-®≥Ip∂w-Ipfw Kh¿tΩ≠v Bkv]-{Xn-bnse tUmIvS¿ ss]sb

178 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvsIm≠ph∂p. At±lw ]cn-tim-[\ \S-Øn. c‡-k-Ω¿±w {Iam-Xo-X-ambn-´p-s≠∂pw,48 aWn-°q¿ ]q¿Æ-hn-{iaw AXym-h-iy-am-sW∂pw D]-tZin-®p.Nne IpØn-sh-∏p-Iƒ \S-Øn. acp-∂p-Iƒ \n›-bn®p aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. cm{Xn c≠p aWn°p sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp KpfnIhmßm≥ Bsf hn´p.knhn¬ k¿P≥ Bbn-cp∂ tUm. B¿. kn. ss] hfsc Ign-hp≈anSp-°-\mb tUmIvS-dm-bn-cp-∂p. tcmKw I≠p-]n-Sn-°m\pw NnIn’ \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xn\pw \n]p-W-\pw. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS NnIn-’°v BZyta tUmIvS¿ss]sb ImWn-t°-≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.k‘ym-k-a-b-tØm-S-SpØv Ip∂w-Ip-fØp \n∂v Iptd-t∏¿ Xncp-ta-\nsbImWm≥ h∂p. h∂-h¿ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS tcmK-\ne a\- n-em°n k-Ss∏´p\n¬°p-∂Xp I≠v Xncp-ta\n Ahsc Acn-In¬ hnfn®v ZpxJn-t°s≠∂pw]dv ssIapØn-®p. Xs‚ Beky hm¿Ø ]{X-ß-fn¬dnt∏m¿´p sNø-cp-sX∂pw Iev]n-®p.A∂p cm{Xn Xncp-ta-\n°v Atijw Dd-ßm≥ Ign-n-√. CS-bv°nsSO¿±nbpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Xncnpw adnpw InS-°p-I-bpw, s]s´∂v Fgpt∂-‰n-cn-°p-I-bpw,ho≠pw InS-°p-I-bpw, Cßs\ Akz-ÿ-\m-Ip-IbpwsNbvXp. cm{Xn c≠p- a-Wn°v tUmIvS¿ ]d-n-cp∂ KpfnI sImSp-Øp.kzev]w sh≈w IpSn-®p. apJØv s\©p thZ-\n-°p-∂- -Xns‚ ]mc-hiywsXfnv ImWm-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu Akp-J-Øn¬ \n∂v Xm≥ Ic- I-b-dp-Ibn-s√∂vAt±-l-Øn\v t_m≤y-am-sb∂p tXm∂p-∂p. acWw ASpØph∂v amSn hnfn-°p∂t]mse. ZpxJ-tØmSp IqSn Xncp-ta-\n°v kao]w\n∂n-cp∂ siΩm-»s‚ IÆp-I-fn-te°v t\m°n-s°m≠v Zo\-kz-c-Øn¬Ahn-Sp∂v Iev]n-®p. ""lm! Dd-°-an-√mØ cm{Xn ˛ acn-°pw.'' Xncp-ta-\n°vXm≥ C\n A[nI kabw Pohn-®n-cn-°-bn-s√∂v Dd-∏m-b-t]m-se. H∂pwadp-]Sn ]d-bm≥ BhmsX kSw ISn-®-a¿Øns°m≠v siΩm-»≥ Xncpta-\n-bpsSssI]n-Sn®p apØn. IÆp-\o¿ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ssI°p apIfn¬AS¿∂p hoWp.Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS kwkmcw \ne-®-a-´m-bn. Bh-iy-߃ an°-hmdpwBwKy-߃ sIm≠m-bn-cp∂p Adn-bn-®-Xv. t\cw shfpØp In´n-bm¬ aXnbm-bn-cp∂pF∂v Bin-®p. Ip∂w-Ip-fsØ ]´-°m-cpw, tkh-\-a-\-ÿn-Xn-bp≈ bphm-°fpw Nm∏-en¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.ImeØv tUmIvS¿ ss] h∂v ]cn-tim-[\ \S-Øn. c‡-k-Ω¿±w \nb-{¥-Wm-Xo-X-a-√m-Xm-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw, £oWw hfsc h¿≤n-®n-cn-°p-∂psh-∂pw,ÿnXn Bi-m-P-\-I-am-sW-∂pw, _mhm-tb-bpw, _‘p-°-tfbpwhnhcw Adn-bn-°p-I-bm-Wv \-√-sX∂pw At±lw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´p. DSs\B¿Øm‰v ˛ Ip∂w-Ipfw ]≈n {SÃn Noc≥ h¿Kokpw, ]mtd-Ω¬

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 179Ipdnbmt°mkv IØ-\mcpw Xriq¿ \n∂v Hcp tUmIvSsd sIm≠phcp-∂-Xn\v Imdn¬ t]mbn. Xncp-ta\n Bh-iy-s∏-´-X-\p-k-cn®v Ip∂w-Ipfw ]≈nbnse]´-°m¿ ssXem-`n-tjI IqZmi \S-Øn.ASp-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]´-°m¿ {]m¿∞-\bpw ssXem-`n-tj-Ihpw \S-Øn. Xncp-ta\n aq∂p {]mhiyw Ipcnip hc-®p. ip{iq-jm-\-¥cw Np‰pw\n∂-hsc ""dqivam'' sNbvXv A\p-{K-ln-®p. Xncp-ta\n I´n-en¬ Fgp-t∂-‰n-cp-∂p. CSXph-iØv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ss{Uh¿ AΩmfpw he-Xp-h-iØviap-th¬ siΩm-»\pw Xncp-ta-\nsb Xmßn-∏n-Sn-®n-cp-∂p. {]m¿∞-\bv°ptijw Xncp-ta-\n°v G‰hpw {]nb-s∏´ "Icp-W-°-Ste Rm≥ t\m°pw'F∂p≈ A\p-Xm]KoXw siΩm-»≥ aq∂p {]mhiyw ]mSn. A\-¥cwsiΩm-»s‚ ssII-fn¬ Xebpw, ss{Uh-dpsS aSn-bn¬ Imep-IfpwDb¿Øn-h®v Xncp-ta\n I´-nen¬ InS-∂p. Hcp ]´-°m-c≥ {]m¿∞\ sNm√ns°m-Sp-Øp.""Fs‚ ssZh-ta, Fs‚ ssZh-ta'' F∂v Xncp-ta\n ]e XhWD®-cn-®p. ]´-°m¿ hnizm-k-{]-amWw sNm√n. ]tØ-Im¬ aWn°ps]m∂pXncp-ta-\n-bpsS Bflmhv DS-b-hs‚ k∂n-[n-bn-te°v bm{X-bmbn.""Ft∏m-tgm, Fhn-sS-tbm, \n\°v Xncp-a-\- m-Ip∂ {]Imcw ASn-bs\\o tN¿ØpsIm≈-Wta'' F∂p-≈ ]nXm-°≥am-cpsS {]m¿-∞\ AtX]SnsNm√p-I-bpw, AXn-\mbn B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp h∂ B ]cn-ip≤]nXmhv F√m-h-tcbpw hn´v bm{X-bm-bn. B IÆp-Iƒ Ft∂-°p-ambnAS-p. kz¿§o-b-amb Hcp tXP v B apJØv hym]n-®p. B apJwI≠m¬ Ft¥m Btem-Nn®v IÆ-S®v Ccn-°p-I-bm-sWt∂ tXm∂p-I-bp-≈q. ae-ck`m `mkp-c-\mb h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb amXr-I-bm°nk`bv°p th≠n s]mcp-Xnb hoc-tbm-≤mhv kz¿§ob \nXy-IncoSw NqSnbn-cn-°p-∂p.B `uXnI ico-c-Ønse NqSv Aev]m-ev]-ambn Ipd-p-h-∂p. am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Imew sNbvXp F∂ ZpxJ-hm¿Ø aµm\ne≥AI-e-ß-fnepw hnfw-_cw sNbvXp.""temImw-_-X≥ amdnse ame-bn¬ \n˛∂pXn¿∂p hmcp-s‰m-c-aqey cXv\w:\oemw-_-c-Øn--ep-Zn-®p-b¿∂s]m≥Xm-cIw l¥! s]men-p-t]mbn''

180 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv30]pØ≥Imhnte°p≈hnem]bm{XB Ncahm¿Ø tI´h¿, tI´h¿ \Spßn. Ip∂wIpfsØtZhmebßfn¬ \n∂v ]pds∏´ ZpxJaWn\mZw lrZbt`ZIambncp∂p.tI´h¿ Hcp t\m°p ImWphm≥ acØtmSv Nm∏ente°v ]mp.Nm∏en\p Np‰pw a\pjyalmkap{Zw. I®hS hyhkmb ÿm]\߃Bcpw ]dbmsX Xs∂ ASbv°s∏´p. Ip∂wIpfw ]´WamsI HcpacWhoSp t]msebmbn. Imew sNbvX hnhcw t^m¨ aptJ\_mhmtbbpw, a‰p Xncpta\namtcbpw, _‘p° sfbpw a‰pw Adnbn®p.hnhn[ CShIIfnte°pw, ]{Xßfnte°pw, a‰pw Iºn ASn°p∂Xn\pw,]. ImtXmen°m_mhmbpsS adp]Sn e`n°p∂Xn\pw ]mtdΩ¬Ipdnbmt°mkv IØ\m¿, ]n. kn. C´q∏v XpSßnbh¿ t]mÃm^okn¬Xs∂ Ccp∂p. BsI Ccp∂qdp Iºn tbmfw ASn®p.Xncpta\nbpsS arXtZlw kv]ncn‰p sIm≠v XpS®v Awi hkv{X ߃[cn∏n®v …o_m, AwihSn F∂nh ]nSn∏n®v acØtmSv Nm∏en¬]›nam`napJambn knwlmk\Øn¬ CcpØn. ]´°m¿ ip{iqj\SØns°m≠ncn°ptºmƒ sXmgnbq¿ k`bpsS Koh¿Kokv am¿Iqdntemkv BKX\mIpIbpw, ip{iqjbn¬ ]sSp°bp ap≠mbn.CXn\Iw ]. ImtXmen°m_mhmbpsS sSe{Kmw ]mtdΩ¬ A®\pe`n®p.Kunnamkulam 17-5-51 (Seal)Kottayam 17Paramel Achen, Arthat Church, KNMGrieved sudden demise of Mar Philaxenos. Mar Themothios started atnine. Funeral arranged here as we cannot stand strain long journey. Arrangefor sending body immediately. Catholicos.aq∂p aWntbmSp IqSn HutK≥ am¿ XotamØntbmkv ]gb skan\mcnamt\P¿ ^mZ¿ ‰n. kn. tP°_v, ^mZ¿ tP°_v aWen¬ F∂nhcpwFØn. AXn\papºv B hnhcadnv Xncpta\n bpsS ktlmZc≥ sI.‰n. tPmk^v FØnbncp∂p. B¿Øm‰v ˛ Ip∂wIpfw almCShIamt\PnwKv IΩ‰n°m¿ I_dS°w ChnsS \SØp∂Xn\p th≠]cn]mSnIƒ Bkq{XWw sNbvXp.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 181CXn\nsS Xncpta\nsb acØwtImSv Nm∏en¬ Xs∂I_dS°Wsa∂v iTn®v acØwtImSv Nm∏¬°m¿ _lfw XpSßn.arXtZlw FhntS°pw sIm≠pt]mIm≥ A\phZn°pIbns√∂p ]dvAh¿ sNdpØp \n∂p. ]pØ≥Imhn¬ sIm≠pt]mbn AS°m\mWvDt±in°p∂sX∂v ]dXv Ah¿°v hnizkn°m \mbn√. AhcpsSIÆn¬ s]mSnbnSm≥ Aßns\ ]dbp∂Xm sW∂pw, arXtZlwIp∂wIpfØp sIm≠pt]mbn I_dS°w \SØm\p≈ kq{XamWnsX∂pw ]dmWv Ah¿ X¿°n°m≥ Hcpsº´Xpw. HutK≥ am¿XotamØntbmkv acØwtIm´pImsc Bizkn∏n®v arXtZlw hn´pIn´m≥hfscGsd _p≤nap´n.\mec aWntbmSp IqSn arXtZlw Aecn® Hcp Imdn¬ CcpØnsImSn, apØp°pS, sh≈n°pcniv F∂nhIfpsSbpw IdpØ _mUvPpIƒ [cn® 25000˛¬ ]cw P\ßfpsSbpw AIºSntbmSp IqSn Ip∂wIpfw ]gb]≈nbnte°v sIm≠ph∂p. Ip∂wIpfsØ {][m\nIƒ°v]gb]≈nbntem, B¿Øm‰v ]≈nbntem AS°w sNøWsa∂v AXnbmb B{Klap≠mbncp∂p. A\h[n \q‰m≠p ]g°ap≈ B¿Øm‰v]≈nbn¬ Hcp ta¬∏´°mcs‚bpw I_dnSan√. ]pent°m´n¬ Xncpta\nsb tIm´bw ]gbskan\mcn bnemWt√m AS°nbXv. AXmWv "_tYense Xmac' F∂ {KŸØn¬ Fw. kn. Ipdnbmt°mkv A®≥ {]k‡amb Hcp tNmZyw D∂bn®Xv. "Ip∂wIpfta, Ip∂wIpfta, \ns‚ k¥m\ßfmb c≠p ta¬∏´°msc \o sXt°m´b®p. Ah¿ tIm´bØpsh®p Imew sNbvXp, tIm´bØv AS°s∏´p. tIm´bØp Im¿ AhcpsSarXicocw \nte°v Ab®n√t√m. \o F¥n\p am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkns‚arXicocw ]pØ≥Imhnte°v Ab®p?'ImtXmen°m_mhmbpsS \n¿_-‘-am-sW-∂m-bn-cp∂p Ip∂wIpfw\{kmWnIƒ°p≈ adp]Sn.arXtZlw kz¥w CShIbmb ]pØ≥Imhv ]≈nbn¬ kwkv°cn°Wsa∂p≈ CShImwKßfpsS At]£ ImtXmen°m _mhm A\phZn®v Iºnbpw, Iev]\bpw Ab°pIbm¬ arXtZlw ]pØ≥Imhnte°p sIm≠pt]mIphm≥ Xs∂ \n›bn®p. Ip∂w IpfØp sh®pXs∂ am¿ XotamØntbmkns‚ {][m\ Im¿ΩnIXz Øn¬ ihkwkv°mc ip{iqjbpsS {]Ya`mKw \SØpIbpw, \KcnImWn°¬NSßv \n¿∆ln°pIbpw sNbvXp. BbXn\ptijw kn. hn. Cøp Fw.F¬. F. Hcp sNdp{]kwKw sNbvXp. cm{Xn ]Øp aWntbmSp IqSnarXicocw hln® Im¿ tIm´btØ°p ]pds∏´p. am¿ XotamØntbmkpwiapth¬ siΩmi\pw, sI. Sn. tPmk^pw, tIm´bØp \n∂v h∂A®∑mcpw, Ibdnb GXm\pw ImdpIfpw, B¿Øm‰v ˛ Ip∂wIpfwCShIbn¬ \n∂v ]mtdΩ¬ Ipdnbmt°mkv IØ\m¿, Im°t»cn

182 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvtPmk^v IØ\m¿, c≠p siΩmi∑m¿ F∂nhcS°w 15 t]¿ thsdImdpIfnepambn arXtZlsØ A\pKan®ncp∂p.shfp∏n\v aq∂p aWn°p aqhm‰p]pgsbØn AhnsS \n∂v 4 aWn°vbm{X XpS¿∂p Fnepw tamt´m¿ hml\Øn\v A{]Xo£nXambn t\cn´XIcmdp aqew cmhnse F´p aWn°p am{Xta ]gbskan\mcnbn¬FØnbp≈p. At∏mtg°pw IdpØ sImSnIfpw _mUvPp-Ifpw hln®At\Iw ImdpIfpw, Hcp henb P\mhenbpw skan\mcn Nm∏en¬\ndp \n∂ncp∂p.skan\mcn Nm∏en¬ Aecns®mcp°nb Db¿∂ ]oTØn¬arXicocw sh°pIbpw, ImtXmen°m _mhm, ]mºmSn am¿ {KntKmdntbmkv, HutK≥ am¿ XotamØntbmkv, AeIvkntbmkv am¿ tXthmtZmtkymkv, tXmΩm am¿ Zohm∂mtkymkv F∂nhtcmSpw IqSn ihkwkv°mc ip{iqj \n¿∆ln°pIbpw, ]gbskan\mcntbmSp≈ "bm{X]d®n¬' \SØpIbpw sNbvXp. B AhkcØn¬ bqlm t\m≥am¿tØmΩm sa{Xmt∏meoØmbpw k∂nlnX\mbncp∂p. apØp°pSIƒsh®ecns®mcp°nb Hcp Po∏n¬ Itkcbn¬ arXicocw sh®p. BA¥ybm{X ]d®nens‚ Ahkm\L´Øn¬ ImtXmen°m _mhmPo∏n¬ Ibdn Xs‚ I\njvT ktlmZcs‚ arXicocw Hcn°¬ IqSnBenwK\w sNbvXp. A\¥cw arXicocw am¿ Genbm Nm∏ente°psIm≠pt]mIpIbpw, AhnsSbpw bm{X]d®n¬ ip{iqj \SØpIbpwsNbvXp. ]m{Xnb¿°okp I£nbn¬s∏´ hben∏dºn¬ am¿{KntKmdntbmkpw k∂nlnX \mbncp∂p. ]ØpaWntbmSp IqSnhnem]bm{X sNß∂q¿°v Xncn®p. Hcp ss]e‰v Im¿ apºnepw, arXtZlw{]XnjvTn®ncp∂ cYapƒs∏sS IdpØ sImSn h® ap∂qtdmfwImdpIfptSbpw, GXm\pw _ pIfptSbpw AIºSntbmSpw,ZpxJkqNIamb _m≥UphmZytØmSpw IqSnbmbncp∂p hnem]bm{X.arXtZlw am¿tØmΩm ]≈nbpsS ap≥hisØØnbt∏mƒ ]≈nbn¬\n∂v ZpxJaWn\mZw apgßn. tIm´bsØ bmt°m_mb k`mwKßfptSbpw, a‰p ]e ss{IkvXh hn`mK°mcpsSbpw ISIƒ AS®pZpxJamNcn®ncp∂p. Fw. kn. tdmUns‚ Ccp]m¿izßfnepw P\߃PmXnaXt`Zsat\y Imew sNbvX Xncpta\nsb Ahkm\ambn Hcpt\m°p ImWphm≥ Xnßn°qSnbncp∂p. hgnat≤y ]≈w, ]m®nd,Ipgna‰w, Xncph√m, Nnßh\w Iv\m\mb IpcnipwaqSv, Xncpaqe]pcw,Dabm‰pIc, I√nt»cn F∂o ]≈nIfnse ]´°mcpw P\ßfpwarXicocØn¬ ]pjv]amey߃ ka¿∏n®p. AXpt]mse Xs∂tIm´bØp sh®v sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏nfbpw Hcp ]pjv]lmcw A¿∏n®p.Cd∏pg ]meØn\p kao]w Xømdm°nbncp∂ ]¥enepw,]cnkcßfnepambn sNß∂qcnepw, ]pØ≥Imhnepw \n∂p h∂ptN¿∂

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 183h≥∏n® Hcp P\mhen IdpØ _mUvPpIƒ [cn®v, Ipcniv, IpS, sImSn,_m‚ v F∂nhtbmSp IqSn ImØp\n∂ncp∂p. arXtZlw AhnsS h®v,P\mhen IÆp\otcmSp IqSn G‰phmßn. ]n∂oSp≈ hnem]bm{XAXy¥w lrZbkv]¿iIambncp∂p. Xncpta\nbpsS kz¥w ÿm]\hpw,Bÿm\hpamb _tY¬ Aca\tbmSpw bm{X ]dp. AhnsS sh®vXncph\¥]pcw B¿®v _nj∏v am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv, Xncph√m _nj∏vam¿ tkthdntbmkv, tN∏m´v ^nent∏mkv dºm≥ F∂nhcpw arXtZlwkµ¿in®v A\ptimN\w {]ISn∏n®p. ]{¥≠c aWn°v _tYen¬ \n∂vhnem]bm{X ho≠pw XpS¿∂p.sNß∂qcnepw, ]cnkcßfnepap≈ ]e sslµh, ap…ow{]amWnIfpw Cu hnem]bm{Xbn¬ ]p sIm≠p. sNß∂q¿ \n∂p]pØ≥Imhnte°p≈ c≠c ssa¬ tdmUv ]qgnbn´m¬ XmgmØ hÆwP\\n_nUambncp∂p. F√mh¿°pw A¥yZ¿i\w \evIn s°m≠varXtZlw hln® hml\w AXns‚ bm{X XpS¿∂p. ZpxJm¿ØcmbAt\Imbncßfn¬ \n∂p ]pds∏´ tcmZ\\mZw inetbbpwAenbn°p∂Xmbncp∂p. bm{Xmat≤y tUmIvS¿ Sn. sI. h¿Kokv, dn´.sslt°mSXn PUvPn sI. sI. Nmt°m XpSßnbh¿ arXtZlØn¬]pjv]lmc߃ A¿∏n®p. c≠p aWntbmSp IqSn arXtZlw]pØ≥Imhp henb]≈nbnseØn. ]≈nbpw, ]cnkc ßfpsa√mwkv{Xo]pcpj∑mcm¬ \ndbs∏´p. P\°q´sØ \nb{¥n°pI XnI®pw{]bmkambncp∂p. ]≈nbWØn¬ Hcp hnimeamb ]¥¬Xømdm°nbncp∂p. arXicocw ]pØ≥Imhv ]≈nbpsS aZv_lmbn¬sh®p. kwkv°mcip{iqjbpsS Ahkm\`mKw am¿ XotamØntbmkv,am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv, am¿ tXthmtZmtkymkv F∂nhcpsS {][m\Im¿ΩnIXzØn¬ \n¿∆ ln°s∏´p. hnip≤ _en]oTtØmSpw,tZhmebtØmSpw, sshZnIcpw, Aflmb°mcpamb Xs‚ Bfloba°tfmSpap≈ Ahkm\bm{X ]d®nepw Ignv P\ßfpsShnem]≤z\nbpsS at≤y aZv_lm bpsS hS°phiw ]≈ntbmSp sXm´pXømdm°s∏´ I√dbn¬ arXicocw kwkv°cn°s∏´p. Aßns\I¿Ω\ncX\mbncp∂ Hcp alXv PohnXw \nXyhn{im¥nbnseØn.aec kpdnbm\n k`bpsS hSs° A‰amb Ip∂wIpfØp \n∂va≤yXncphnXmwIqdnse ]pØ≥Imhp hsc Dt±iw 150 ssa¬ hcp∂hoYnIfn¬ IqSn Imew sNbvX am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkns‚ arXtZlhpwhln®psIm≠p \SØs∏´Xpt]mse A{X Zo¿Lamb Hcp hnem]bm{XCXn\papºv \ΩpsS \m´n¬ \S∂n´n√.

184 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv31PohnXØnte°v HcpFØnt\m´wam¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv IjvSn®v AºØn\mev h¿jamWv Pohn®Xv.\sΩ hn´p]ncnn´v 53 h¿jw XnIbp∂p. Xncpta\nsb°pdn®v, 20sIm√sØ UbdnbS°w In´mhp∂ tcJIsf√mw ]cntim[n®p t\m°n.At±lsØ ]cnNbap≈ ]ecpambpw A`napJkw`mjWw \SØn.RßfpsS sNdp∏ImeØv B s]m∂pXncpta\nsb t\cn¬ ImWm\pw,{]kwKw tIƒ°m\pw, ssIapØm\pw `mKyw kn≤n ®n´p≠v. AUz. ]n.kn. amXyp Ip∂wIpfØp sh®v Xncpta\nsb BZyambn ImWptºmƒamXyphn\v A©p hbtkbp≈q. Hcp Znhkw sshIn´v{]Xo£n®Xpt]mse Xncpta\n Ip∂wIpfw ]gb ]≈nbnseØn.]´WØns‚ \Sp°p≈ ]≈nbmbXn\m¬ BNmc ]camb aWnbSntI´mepS≥ P\߃ h∂pIqSpw. amXyphns‚ AΩbpsS ]nXmhvXncpta\nbpsS Hcp Bcm[I\pw, k`mImcyßfn¬ henb Xmev]cyap≈Bfpambncp∂p. Xncpta\n°v At±lsØ \∂mbn AdnbpIbpw sNømw.sIm®pa°sf A\p{Klw hmßm\mbn ]gb]≈nbnte°vsIm≠pt]mbn. aIs‚ \mep hbkpImc≥ Ip´ntbbpw, aIfpsS A©phb pImc≥ Ip´ntbbpw sIm≠v sa{Xm®s‚ apdnbnseØn. Xncpta\nh∂tXbp≈q. henb XnSp°Ønembncp∂p. sa{Xm®≥ kt¥mj]q¿∆wtNmZn®p."hdoXv tN´m, GXmWv Cu Ip´nIƒ?'"CXv Fs‚ aIfpsS aI≥.' A©p hb p≈ amXyphns\Xncpta\nbpsS apºnte°v ssI apØm\mbn \o°n \n¿Øns°m≠v]dp."CXv Fs‚ aIs‚ aI≥.' \mep hbkpImct\bpw ssI apØn®p.Ft¥m a[pc]elmcw Xncpta\n X∂Xmbn Hm¿°p∂p≠v. Hcpsa{Xm®s\ ASpØp\n∂v ImWpIbmWv. shfpØ apJw, IdpØXmSnaoi, Xte¬ InS°p∂ IpcniSbmfap≈ akv\]vk hfscCjvSs∏´p. AXn¬ F{X IpcniSbmfaps≠∂v FÆm≥ A©phbkpImc≥ {ians®nepw ]‰nbn√. IgpØnse kz¿Æamebpw Ipcnipwhfsc CjvSs∏´p. CXmWv am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv Xncpta\n sb°pdn®p≈BZysØ Hm¿Ω. Ipd®p hepXmbtijw, I¨h≥ j≥ ao‰nßpIfn¬Xncpta\n {]kwKn°phm≥ hcptºmƒ apSßmsX t]mIpw. B {]kwKw

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 185lcambnØo¿∂p. Cßns\ ckIcambn {]kwKn°m≥ Fßns\km[n°p∂p Ft∂m¿Øv A¤pXs∏´p.Xncpta\nbpsS Ip∂wIpftØ°p≈ A¥ymKa\w. A∂v amXypFkv. Fkv. F¬. kn. ]co£ Ignv \n¬°p-∂p. {]kwKw XpSßpwaptº ]gb]≈n AWØn¬ FØpw. t\cw Ccp´p∂p. sa{Xm®≥ HcpsshZnI\psamcpan®v sXm´pXs∂bp≈ kvIqfns‚ \o≠ hcm¥bneqsSFt¥m Imcyambn kwkmcn®p \S°p∂p. IuXpI tØmsS amXyp,Xncpta\n hcm¥bn¬°qSn \S°p∂Xpw t\m°n \n∂p. hmkvXhw]dm¬ Xncpta\nsb I≠n´v aXnhcmsX t\m°n \n∂p.ASpØpsN∂v kwkmcn°m≥ `bw. A∂v cm{Xn Xncpta\n {]kwKn®p.Ahkm\ I¨sh≥j≥ {]kwKw! ]ns‰Znhkw apX¬ s\©pthZ\.Ipd®p ZnhksØ hn{iaØn\p tijw ImtXmen°m Zn\Øn¬A¥y{]kwKw \SØn. Xncpta\n cwKw Hgnp!Cu {KŸw FgpXm≥ At±lØns‚ PohnXØnse \m\mhißsf°pdn®v R߃ ]Tn®t∏mƒ Hcp tNmZyw a\ n¬ Db¿∂ph∂p.Xncpta\n sshZnIhrØnbnte°v Xncnn√mbncps∂n¬BcmIpambncp∂p? alm∑mcmb ]ecnepw ImWp∂ AXnhninjvSKpW߃ AtX]Sn Xncpta\nbpsS PohnXØnepw Z¿in°m≥ Ignp.B al¬ hy‡nIsft∏mse Ct±lhpw BtI≠Xmbncp ∂pht√mF∂ Nn¥ a\ ns\ Akzÿam°n. tUmIvS¿ cm[m IrjvWs\t∏msetemI{]ikvX\mb XXzNn¥I\pw, Zm¿i\nI\pw C¥ybpsS{]knU≠pw BIm≥ Ignbpambncp∂nt√? cho{µ \mYSmtKmdns\t∏mse t\m_¬ kΩm\Øn\v A¿l\mIm≥ BD¬∏XnjvWphn\v Ignbpambncp∂nt√? sIm®p aeck`bpsS\meXncpIƒ°p≈n¬ At±lw HXpßn°gntb≠n hcnIbmtWmD≠mbXv? CØcw Nn¥ Xo¿Øpw sX‰msW∂v hnthIw imkn°p∂p.am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv aeck`bv°v ssZhw Xºpcm≥ \¬InbhcZm\amWv. AXns\ tNmZyw sNøcpXt√m. B PohnXw aeck`bv°vam{Xw kz¥w.{]tem`\߃°v Fßs\ B PohnXsØ BSn Debv°m≥ Ignbpw?ÿm\am\߃°v Fßs\ hioIcn°m≥ km[n°pw?kpJm\p`qXnIfpsS lcnXtaJebv°v Fßs\ B k¬]p{Xs\BI¿jn°m≥ ]‰pw? ]mXmftKm]pc߃ Pbt`cn apg°phm≥CSwIn´msX \ncmi ]q≠p. btlmhmbpsS _enjvTIc߃ B]pWyPohnXsØ ]nSn®p hgn\SØn. aeck`bpsS CuSphbv]pIƒh¿≤n∏n°m\pw, AXns‚ kcWnIƒ hnkvXrXam°m\pw ssZhw Ab®B cmPIpamcs\∏‰n ^mZ¿ F. Fw. h¿Kokv ]¥fw, "aeck`bpsSaXnepIƒ _es∏SpØnb almflmhv' F∂ teJ\Øn¬ ]dbp∂p

186 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv(aeck`m amknI, 1988 G{]n¬ e°w): ""am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv _Y\naebpsS a≠ hn´v Xncph\¥]pcsØ ]´w sIm´mcØn¬ cmPtbmKyambn Pohn°p∂ thfbn¬ ]pØ≥ Imhv sIm®pXncpta\n ]m¿Øncp∂XvHmeaSepIƒ sIm≠p ad® IpSnepIfn¬ Bbncp∂p. am°mwIp∂nepw,ASqcn\SpØv ]d¥enepw, ]ns∂ sNß∂q¿ N¥bpsS sX°phiØmbn A∂sØ s]mtX¬ Ipf°cbnepw IpSnepIƒ sI´n Xmakn®vk`bpsS \maØn¬ ÿm]\߃ D≠m°nbXns‚ ]n≥]nep≈k`mkvt\lw hntijm¬ kvacWIƒ A¿ln°p∂hbt√m.''am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkns‚ PohNcn{Xw Ipsd FgpXn°gnt∏mƒAt±lw G¿s∏´ ISpØ A≤zm\hpw, kln® Imbt¢ihpw Ipdn°m≥XpSßnbt∏mƒ, t]\ Xmsgh®v kzev]t\cw Ccp∂p t]mbn. a\ vho≠pw a{¥n®p. ""F¥n\mbn, {]taltcmKØm¬ imcocnI AkpJ߃A\p`hn®ncp∂ B t{ijvTalmNmcy≥ Cu IjvS∏mSpIƒ kln®p?''s{]m^k¿ sI. hn. Nmt°m 1994 G{]n¬ e°w aeck`m amknIbn¬FgpXnb teJ\w hmbn®t∏mƒ A\ev]amb ZpxJw tXm∂n. Hcpta¬∏´°mc≥ k`bv°pth≠n C{Xbpw {]bmk߃ A\p`hn°ptam?sI. hn. Nmt°m Xs‚ t\cn´p≈ A\p`hamWv tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≈Xpw:""Hcp Znhkw sshIpt∂cw ]pXnb sslkvIqfns‚ AwKoImc Øn\vth≠n k¿°mcn¬ ka¿∏n® Kmc‚nbpsS ]I¿∏v FSp°p ∂Xn\pth≠nCu teJI≥ am°mwIp∂n¬ sN∂p. s]m∂n≥ …o_mbpw, AwihSnbpw]nSn°p∂ ssIIfn¬ Ccpºp]mcbpw, IqShpamWv I≠Xv. ]mc sIm≠v]mdIƒ Cf°pIbpw IqSw sIm≠v ASn®ps]m´n°bpw sNøp∂p.bphmhmb sa{Xmt∏meoØm A`nam\]q¿∆w Xs‚ tPmen XpS¿∂p.Fs‚ BKat\mt±iyw Bcmp. sXmgnens‚ amlmflyØn¬A`nam\w ]q≠ Xncpta\n bpsS amXrI F{Xtbm t{ijvTamWv.''A\ycpsS {]bmk߃ I≠dnv klmbn°m≥ X∂m¬ Ignhp≈Xv sNøpI F∂Xv ]oeIvknt\mkns‚ AXnhninjvS KpWßfn¬apJyamb H∂mbncp∂p. Aßs\ a‰p≈hsc klmbn°p∂Xv"Ãm‰kn\p' Ipdhp≈ ]WnbmsW∂v A\y¿°v tXm∂psanepwXncpta\n°v B hnNmcw D≠mbncp∂n√. aecbnse Hcp ta¬∏´°mc\pw sNøm≥ apXncmØ Hcp tkh\w am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv sNbvXp.{]nbs∏´ aec almP\ßsf! \n߃ CXpw AdnbWw! CXv hmbn®vaeck`bnse GsXnepw tae≤y£∑m¿ Cßs\ sNøpambncpt∂mF∂v \n߃ \nßfpsS a\ m£ntbmSp tNmZn°pI. Hcp A\p`hwkn. ]n. tPm¿Pv Ipgna‰w Cßs\ tcJs∏SpØnbncn°p∂p (aeck`mamknI, 1983 G{]n¬ e°w, t]Pv 21):""Hcn°¬ Rm\pw ‰n. Fw. Nmt°mbpw IqSn Xncpta\nsbImWp∂Xn\v ]pØ≥Imhn¬ t]mbn. _ n¬ \n∂v Cdßnbt∏mƒ

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 187I≠Xv At±lw the°mcpsS CSbn¬ \n∂psIm≠v F√mh¿°pwA∂sØ Iqen sImSp°p∂XmWv. ]≈n°qSw ]Wn \S°pIbmWv.At±lØns‚ ssIbn¬ \n∂pw Iqen hmßp∂XmWv Ah¿°vCjvSsa∂v Bcmt∏mƒ a\ nembn. Rßsf I≠ DSs\ Im∏nbpw,]elmchpw sIm≠phcp∂Xn\v Bfns\ hn´pIgnp. hcm¥bn¬\n∂psIm≠pXs∂ Im∏n Ign®p. Xncpta\nbpw RßfpsS IqsS.At±lw kvIqfnembncp∂p Xmakw. ib\apdnbpw kµ¿iIapdnbpsa√mw Hcp ¢m n¬. ¢mkpIƒ XΩn¬ `nØnsIm≠v th¿Xncn®ncp∂ns√∂mWv Fs‚ Hm¿Ω. c≠p _©pIƒ ASp∏n®n´Xv I´nembpw,Hcp Nhp°mfw saØbmbpw, Hcp sNdnb Ipjy≥ XebW bmbpwD]tbmKn®ncp∂p. `£Ww ho´pIm¿ Btcm sIm≠ph∂p sImSpØncp∂p. Itkcbn√. _©p am{Xw kµ¿iI¿°p≈ Ccn∏nSw. RßtfmSvCcn°phm≥ ]dt∏mƒ, sa{Xm®∑mcpsS IqsS Ccn°pI ]Xnhn√mØR߃°v Ipd®p {]bmkw tXm∂n. \n¿_ ‘w aqew R߃ Ccp∂p.hr≤cmb ]´°mtcbpw, Abvta\nItfbpw ]©]p—hpaS°n hfsct\cw\n¿Øns°m≠v kwkmcn®ncp∂ Nne Xncpta\namsc Rm≥ At∏mƒHm¿Øp. At±lØns‚ hn\bw F{X am{Xw. kam[m\ Imcyßsf∏‰nN¿® sNbvXt∏mƒ t\cw Ccp´n. AhnsS Xmakn°phm≥ ]dbp∂Xn\pwAt±lw aSn®n√. XncnsI cm{Xn Xs∂ tIm´bØv FtØ≠nbncp∂XpsIm≠v R߃ bm{Xbmbn. ]t£ At±lw Rßsf ]n¥pS¿∂vhgnbnseØnb t∏mgmWv Imcyw a\ nembXv. F√m _ pIfpwt]mbn°gnp. Hcp _ p IqSn am{Xw. R߃ ssI ImWn®m¬ _kv\n¿ØpIbn√. h¿Øam\w ]dp \n∂t∏mƒ _kv hcp∂p. Xncpta\nhgnat≤y \n∂v ssI ImWn®v _kv \n¿Øn®p. \ndsb kqNnIpØm\nSan√msX BfpIfpambn h∂ _kv Xncpta\nbn√mbncp∂pshn¬ \n¿ØmsX t]mIpambncp∂p. Iqcncp´Øv ]pØ≥Imhv AßmSnhgn sNß∂q tc°v \St°≠n hcpambncp∂p. F¥p alma\kvIX!F{X kvt\lkº∂≥, B¿`mS clnX≥, ap∏Xp h¿jw ap≥]v F{X]cnjvIrXmib≥. Ct∏mƒ t]mepw hncfambn°mWp∂ kz`mhap≈Hcp ta¬∏´°mc≥ Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`bnepw, bmt°m_mbbnepw C{XhnimelrZbap≈ ta¬∏´°mcp≠mbncp∂pshn¬!''Xebn¬ 13 IpcniSbmfw hln°p∂ ˛ akv\]vkm [cn® ˛ HcpA`ykvXhnZy\mb ta¬∏´°mc≥ c≠pt]¿°v _kv Ibdnt∏mIm \mbncm{Xnkabw _kv hcptºmƒ tdmUns‚ \Sp°v Cdßn \n∂vssIImWn®v \n¬°pI! Hm¿°m≥ hø! F∂m¬ am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkvAXv sNbvXp. Bscnepw \n¿_‘n®nt´m, Fs¥nepw Imcy km[yØnt\m Bbncp∂n√ Xncpta\n AXv sNbvXXv. c≠v klPohnIsfklmbn°m≥ a\pjyXzØns‚ t]cn¬ At±lw Xp\nndßn. B

188 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv{]hrØnbn¬ Xncpta\n kt¥mjw Is≠Øn. AXns‚ aqeyw Af∂pXn´s∏SpØm≥ Ignbp∂ tim[\n BcpsS ]°¬ D≠v?kmlNcyßtfmSv CWßnt®¿∂v Pohn°m≥ Ignbp∂XmWv Hcpa\pjys‚ hnPbØn\v Ahiyw th≠Xv. am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkn\v GXpkmlNcytØmSpw CWßnt®cm\p≈ Ignhv {]tXyIw D≠mbncp∂p.sa{Xm®s‚ PohnXcoXn ASpØp \n∂v a\ nem°m≥ Ign ^m.F. Fw. h¿Kokv, 1986 se aeck`m amknIbn¬ FgpXnbXv D≤cn°p∂p: ""GXv kmlNcyßtfmSpw Ffp∏Øn¬ CWßnt®¿∂p FfnaPohnXamXrI ImWn∏m≥ Xncpta\n°p≈ Ignhv Akmam\yambncp∂p.A°meØv Xncpta\namcpsS "tai' F∂p ]dm¬ H´[nIwhn`hßfSßnb kkyt`mP\w Bbncp∂p. cmtPmNnXamb `£Wtai.IYm\mbI≥ cmhnse Hcp I∏v Im∏n IpSn°p∂Xv ]dºn¬ I√ps]dp°ptºmtgm, ImSp sh´ptºmtgm AhnsSØs∂ \n∂psIm≠mbncn°pw. ]cnkcØnse eLphmb ]Wn Ignv apdnbn¬ FØnbm¬I∏tbm, tNtºm ]pgpßnbXpw, NΩ¥nbpw CjvSs∏´ {]mXemWv.D®tai hfsc efnXambncp∂p. Dcp´Ø°hÆw sh¥ tNmdpw,Fs¥nepw H∂v Hgn°m\pw, sXmSm≥ Hcp ASt®‰n®Ω¥nbpw Ds≠n¬ Ipimembn.... sshIn´pw GXm≠v Aßs\sbms°Øs∂. InS°p∂Xn\v I´n¬ \n¿_‘ a√mbncp∂p. cm{Xn ]ØpaWn hsc ]p¬∏pdtØm, ]c∏p≈ ]mdbntem InS°pambncp∂p. At∏mƒ h¿Øam\w]dbm\pw, a\ n¬ s]m¥p∂ ]pXnb Bib߃ ]dbm\pwinjy≥amsc AcnIn¬ hnfn®ncpØpambncp∂p. Ddßm≥ InS∂m¬ c≠paq∂p an\n‰n\Iw Iq¿°w hen®v DdßpIbpw sNøpambncp∂p. Dd°whcp∂psh∂dnm¬ ssIIfpw, ImepIfpw ]q¿Æambn Ab®pw,hncn®pw sh®tijw ""Fs‚ Xºpcmt\, \ns‚ ssIbn¬ Fs∂ G¬∏n°p∂p'' F∂v ]dbpambncp∂p.A≤zm\tØmSv Xncpta\n°v F∂pw {]Xn]Ønbmbncp∂p.AekXtbmSv ISpØ i{XpXbpw. Xncpta\nbpsS Xs∂ `mjbn¬]dm¬ N°mØn¬ Imcyw ImWm≥ kao]n°p∂hsc IÆn\p t\scI≠pIqSm. BtcmKyap≈h\mWv `n£ bmNn°m≥ h∂ncn°p ∂sX∂pI≠m¬ Xncpta\n the°mcs\ hnfn®p ]dbpw, ""FSm B hey Iq¥menCsßSptØm.'' F∂n´v `n£ bmNn°m≥ h∂hs‚ ssIbn¬ sImSpØn´v]dbpw. ""A∏pdØv t]mbn Ipd®pt\cw sIf®n´v hm. sItfsS Iqenbpw,]ns∂ kzev]w `n£bpw Xcmw.''efnXamb hkv{X[mcW coXnbmbncp∂p Xncpta\nbptSXv. hnip≤Ip¿∫m\bv°v D]tbmKn°phm≥ ]‰nb \√ Hcp sk‰v Awihkv{XtaD≠mbncp∂p≈q. kz¥w ImcyØn\p th≠n hfsc Ipd®p ss]ktbNnehm°nbncp∂p≈q. ssIapØmbn In´p∂ ]Ww apgph≥ k`bpsS

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 189s]mXpÿm]\߃ sI´n∏Sp°phm≥ Nnehgn®p. Ahkm\ ImeØmWv Hcp ]gb t^m¿Uv s]¿^IvSv sNdnb Im¿ hmßnbXv.⁄m\kºmZ\Øn\v Xncpta\nbpsS a\ v kZm Zmln®p. XXzNn¥I≥amtcbpw, almIhnItfbpw, kap∂X imkv{X⁄≥ amtcbpw,thZ]finX∑mtcbpw Xncpta\n AXymZc]q¿∆w _lp am\n®p. Bal¬hy‡nIsf kµ¿in®v B alm∑mcpsS hn⁄m\ ]mcmhmcØn¬kzev]t\cw apßn°pfn°phm≥ Xncpta\n sImXn®n cp∂p. Hcn°¬skdmºq¿ tImfPnse sk\‰v ao‰nßn¬ ]sSp°m \mbn I¬°´°pt]mbt∏mƒ aSßp∂hgn hniz`mcXnbn¬ t]mbn t\m_¬kΩm\tPXmhmb almIhn cho{µ\mY SmtKmdns\ kµ¿in®vkw`mjWw \SØn. am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkns‚ kw`mjW NmXpcnbn¬kw{]oX\mb almIhn SmtKm¿ KoXmRvPenbpsS Cw•ojv tIm∏n Xs‚ssIsbm∏n´v am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkn\v kΩm\n®p. Xncpta\nAXns\°pdn®v ]n∂oSv Iev]n®p. ""kvIqfnepw, tImfPnepw ]Tn°p∂ImeØv A\h[n kΩm\߃ F\n°v e`n®n´p≠v. F∂m¬ almIhnSmtKmdn¬ \n∂p kΩm\w In´nb "KoXmRvPensb' sh√p∂ HcpkΩm\w thsd In´nbn´n√.'' B ]pkvXIw henb IuXpItØmSpwA`nam\tØmSpw Xncpta\n kq£n®ncp∂p. Hcn°¬ Ip∂wIpfØph∂t∏mƒ Xncpta\n B ]pkvXIhpw sIm≠ph∂ncp∂p. A∂v AXvI≠n´p≈h¿ ]ecpw AXns\°pdn®v RßtfmSv ]dbpIbpwsNbvXn´p≠v.cho{µ \mY SmtKmdpambn kw`mjWw \SØnb tijw hnS ]dbm≥Fgpt∂‰t∏mƒ SmtKm¿ At±lsØ A\p{Kln°Ww F∂vXncpta\ntbmSv Bhiys∏´p. 1990 G{]n¬ e°w aeck`m amknIbn¬AeIvkv ]pØ≥Imhv "al¬kwKaw ˛ SmtKmdpw, sIm®pXncpta\nbpw'F∂ teJ\w {]kn≤oIcn®ncp∂p. AXn¬ \n∂p {]k‡`mKwD≤cn°s´.""\o≠ Ip∏mb[mcnbmb, XmSnbpw apSnbpw hf¿Ønb htbm[nI\mb, hnizalmIhnsb ImWm≥ Hcn°¬ Hcmƒ IS∂ph∂p.IpcnimnX IdpØ intcmhkv{Xhpw, Nph∂ ]´pIp∏mbhpw, At±lw[cn®ncp∂p. IgpØn¬ AWnncp∂ kz¿Æamebnse henb IpcnivIdpØncp≠ XmSn°p Xmsg Nph∂ ]´pIp∏mbØn¬ an∂nØnfßn.B tXPkzn Bsct∂m?]pØ≥Imhn¬ am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv! At±lw ]pØ≥Imhns‚am{Xa√ aecHm¿ØtUmIvkv k`bpsS apgph\mbpw A`nam\ambncp∂p. At±lØns‚ km∂n≤yw Xs∂ F¥m\µ A\p`qXnDfhm°p∂Xmbncp∂p. Xs‚ hm°pIfpsS a[pcna F¥mI¿jIambncp∂p. ]cnNbs∏Sp∂h¿s°√mw ad°m\mhmØ Hcp Znhy

190 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvhy‡nXzØns‚ DSabmbncp∂p. P\ßfpambn C{Xam{Xw XmZmflyw{]m]n® Hcp sa{Xmt∏meoØm D≠mbn´pt≠m F∂v kwibamWv."]W°mc\pw, ]mhs∏´h\pw' F∂v At±lØn\v hyXymkan√mbncp∂p. Akm≤yw F∂ Hcp ]Zw At±lØns‚ \nL≠phn¬D≠mbncp∂pthm? A{Xam{Xw D’mlnbmbncp∂p At±lw.....''""....... kpkvtachZ\\mbn almIhntbmSv At±lw bm{X tNmZn®p."A\p{Kln®n´p t]mIq' almIhn A\paXn \¬Ins°m≠p ]dp.Xncpta\n ssIIƒ Db¿Øn {]m¿∞n®\p{Kln®p. cmPm[ncmP\mbZnhyc£Is‚ {]Xn\n[nsb ˛ sIm®pXncpta\nsb ˛ temI{]kn ≤\pw,t\m_¬ kΩm\ tPXmhpamb almIhn cho{µ\mY SmtKm¿ F{Xam{XwBZcn®p. At±lØns‚ hn\bw! CuizcssNX\yw Xncpta\nbn¬SmtKm¿ Z¿in®p!''GXp tPmenbn¬ G¿s∏´mepw aµKXn Xosc sa{Xm®\vCjvSan√mbncp∂p. B tPmen F{Xbpw s]s´∂v sNbvXp Xo¿°Ww.bm{X sNøptºmƒ Imdn\v \√ kv]oUv thWw. CXpaqew A]IShpwkw`hn®n´p≠v. Hcn°¬ Ip∂wIpfØp h∂t∏mƒ Ip∂wIpfw ˛ Xriq¿tdmUn¬, Nq≠en¬ h®v Im¿ ]mStØ°v adnp. Imdn\v Nn√dtISp]mSpIƒ ]‰nbX√msX Xncpta\n°pw, ss{Uh¿°pw ]cps°m∂pw]‰nbn√. tUmIvS¿ kn. ‰n. Cu∏≥ ]dbp∂p: ""Ipsd h¿j߃°p apºvXncpta\nbpsS ]gb Imdn¬ Xncph\¥]pcØp \n∂p aSßpwhgnAt±lw Fs∂°qSn £Wn®p. Imdn¬ IbdnbXpw Im¿ HcºXp ssa¬kv]oUn¬ {]bmWw sNøm≥ XpSßnbXpw H∂n®p Ignp. Cu thKwhln°m\p≈ i‡n B Imdn\n√. s]mbvs°m≠ncp∂ kv]oUv sIm≠vXr]vXns∏SmsX ]ns∂bpw kv]oUv Iq´phm≥ DØchmbn.`bhnlze\mb Rm≥ Imdn¬ \n∂nd ßnbmse¥msW∂p Xs∂hnNmcn®p. Hcp sa{Xm®t\mSp IqSn acnt°≠n h∂m¬ `mKyamsW∂phnNmcn®p am{Xw bm{X XpS¿∂p sht∂bp≈q. GXp kwKXnbnte¿s∏´mepw XzcnXKXnbn¬ ]ptcmK an°Wsa∂p≈Xv At±lØns‚kn≤m¥ambncp∂p'' (am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv kph\n¿, t]Pv 29).am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv \s√mcp Ifn°mc\pw kvt]m¿Svkv t{]anbpwBbncp∂p. _mUvan‚¨, thmfn, ^pSvt_mƒ apXembh Ifn°pambncp∂p. Hcn°¬ ImtXmen°m_mhmbpsS {i≤bn¬ CXv s]Sm≥CSbmbn. _mhm sa{Xm®s\ imkn®p. hymbmaw t]msc∂p tXm∂p∂ps≠n¬ ]≈n°IØv IqSpX¬ XhW Ipºn´m¬ aXnsb∂v D]tZin®p.\∂mbn \o¥m\pw Xncpta\n°v Adnbm ambncp∂p. imkvXmwtIm´ip≤Pe XSmIØn¬ Cdßn Zo¿Lt\cw \o¥mdp≠mbncp∂p.ssk°nƒ Nhn´m\pw _lp Iºambncp∂p. dºm≥ ÿm\w In´p∂Xn\papºv ]pØ≥Imhn¬ \n∂v ssk°nƒ Nhn´n tIm´bØp h∂ncp∂p.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 191sa{Xm\mb tijw \m´n¬ Cdßn ssk°nƒ Nhn´nbm¬ BfpIƒ F¥p]dbpsa∂p IcpXn Nhn´n bn√. F∂m¬ skdmºqcn¬ t]mIptºmƒ]pXnb ssk°nƒ hmSIbvs°SpØv Zo¿LZqcw Nhn´pambncp∂p.]WanS]mSpIfn¬ AXoh hnizkvX\mbncp∂p Xncpta\n. IrXyambnIW°pIƒ FgpXn kq£n®ncp∂p. ]ebn\Øn¬ Ipsd A[nIw ]WwssIbn¬ hcpambncp∂p. AXns\√mw IrXyambn IW°p sh®p.]WanS]mSpIfn¬ A¥y\nanjw hsc AhnSp∂v hnizkvXX ]pe¿Øn.kz¥ambn Hcp ss]k t]mepw t\Sn h®n√. kºmZn®Xp apgph≥k`bpsS t]cn¬ \n¿Øn. Xm≥ XpSßnb hnZym`ymk ÿm]\ßsf√mwImtXment°‰ns‚ t]cnembncp∂p. ]Øp ss]ktbm, Hcn©p `qantbmkz¥w t]cn¬ Ccn°s´ F∂v IcpXnbn√. C∂sØ ÿnXn F{X `n∂w.kz`mhip≤nbpw, NpdpNpdp°pw D∂X hnZym`ymkhpap≈ bphm °sfImWptºmƒ Xncpta\n AhtcmSv "\o ]´ta¬°Ww' F∂v]dbpambncp∂p. Aßns\ hfsct∏¿ Xncpta\nbpsS hm°p aqewsshZnIcmbn´p≠v. amXyqkv {]Ya≥ ImtXmen°m_mhm sshZnI \mbXvXncpta\nbpsS t{]cWbmemWv. Cu Imcyw _mhm Xs∂ ]dbp∂p(aec awKf aRvPcn, 1986, t]Pv 91):"I¬°´ _nj∏vkv tImfPn¬ B h¿jamWv _n. Un. _ncpZ tImgvkvA\phZn®Xv. \ΩpsS k`bn¬ \n∂v _n. Un. ]T\Øn\v GXm\pwsNdp∏°msc Ab°Wsa∂v tImfPv A[nIrX¿ h´ t»cn¬Xncpta\n°v FgpXn. AXn\p ]‰nb BfpIsf I≠p]nSn °m≥]pØ≥Imhn¬ sIm®pXncpta\nsb At±lw NpaXe s∏SpØn.sIm®pXncpta\n sshZnI\mbncn°ptºmƒ Fw. Un. kvIqfn¬tX¿Uvt^man¬ Fs‚ Kpcphmbncp∂p. At±lw henb ]¥pIfn°mc\mbncp∂p. Rm\pw ]¥p Ifn®ncp∂Xn\m¬ Ft∂mSp henbXmev]cyhpw D≠mbncp∂p. _mdnt∑ep≈ ImbnIm`ymk ßfpwXncpta\n sNøpambncp∂p. IqsS \n∂p Rm\pw _m¿ the sNbvXp,Aßs\ Fs‚ sNdp∏w sXmt´ Xncpta\n°v Fs∂ henbImcyambncp∂p. AXpsIm≠mbncn°mw, _n. Un. ]T\Øn\v hnSm≥sNdp∏°msc At\zjn®t∏mƒ Fs‚ Imcyw Hm¿ØXv. skan\mcnbnte°v Fs∂ hnfn∏n®p. _n. Un. tImgvkn\v t]mIWsa∂p ]dp.Rm\mIs´, "Fs‚ Xncpta\n, F\n°v sshZnI\mIm≥ Xm¬]cyan√'F∂p ]dv ssIapØn Cdßn.h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\n amfnIapdnbnep≠mbncp∂p. Xncpta\ntbbpwI≠v ssIapØn Cdßn. skan\mcn ap‰sØ amt¥m∏neqsS Xncn®p\S∂t∏mƒ sIm®pXncpta\n ]n∂mse hcp∂p! Fs∂ hnfn®p \n¿ØnZo¿Lt\cw D]tZin®p. HSphn¬ _n. Un. °p t]mImsa∂p Rm≥

192 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvkΩXn®p.''Aßns\bmWv amXyqkv {]Ya≥ ImtXmen°m _mhm thZ ]T\Øn\v t]mbXv. _n. Un. Ignv h∂v kapZmbt°kns‚ \SØn∏n¬Hcp h¿jw Nnehgn®p. AXpIgnv ]´w G¬°msX skan\mcn bn¬A≤ym]I\mbn \nban®p. B kabw k`mh¿°nßv IΩn‰nbnte°vam¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv At±lØns‚ t]¿ \n¿t± in®p. At∏mƒtPyjvT≥ sI. sNdnbm≥ kwibw {]ISn∏n®p. "Hm, Ah≥ h∂p h√s]≥knepw ISn®psIm≠ncp∂p sIm≈s´' F∂m bncp∂p sIm®pXncpta\nbpsS {]XnIcWw. Aßns\ sshZnI\m Im≥ Xmev]cyans√∂v]dv Hgnpamdn \n∂ Bsf am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv D]tZin®vsshZnI]Zhnbnte°v ASp∏n®p.hfsc ImbnIm≤zm\w sNbvXncps∂nepw sIm®pXncpta\n{]taltcmKØm¬ h√msX Ahi\mbn F∂p≈Xv aeck`m a°sfZpxJØnemgvØn. ssItb¬ ]gp∏p Ibdn \ocp h∂v hfsc KpcpXcambAhÿ. Xncpta\nsb ASpØdnbmhp∂ Hmtcm IpSpw_ØnepwXncpta\nbpsS tcmK\ne Bi ]cØn. Ip∂w IpfsØ ho´Ωam¿tcmKhnhcadnv s]m´n°cncp∂Xv Ct∏mgpw Hm¿Ωbnep≠v. at‰Xvsa{Xm®t\°mfpw A[nIw Ip∂wIpfw P\X sIm®pXncpta\nsbkvt\ln®p. Hcn°¬ Ip∂wIpftØ°v Xncn°pwapºv AΩtbmSv bm{X]dbphm≥ sN∂p. At∏mƒ AΩ kzev]w ]cn`hkzcØn¬ ]dp."Xncpta\n Ip∂wIpfØp sN∂m¬ ]ns∂ Rßsfsbms° ad°pw.'AXn\v ]d adp]Sn "ChnsS F\n°v Hcp AΩtbbp≈q. AhnsSF\n°v A\h[n AΩam¿ D≠v' F∂mbncp∂p.tIm´bØmWv Xncpta\n tcmK_m[nX\mbn InS∂ncp∂Xv. ssIbv°v\ocp h∂v ]gp∏p Ibdn ssIbpsS Aÿn ]pdØp ImWp∂{XhnjaÿnXnbnembn. "sIm®psa{Xm®s‚ ssIbpsS F√v ]pdØvImWp∂p F∂v tIƒ°p∂p. Bizmkw sImSp°tW tbip A∏m' F∂p]dv Xs‚ AΩbpsS amXmhv s]m´n°c Imcyw sNdp∏Øn¬AUz. ]n. kn. amXyp tI´n´p≈Xv Ct∏mgpw ad∂n´n√.]cnip≤ Koh¿Kokv ZznXob≥ ImtXmen°m _mhmbv°v sIm®pXncpta\nbpsS BtcmKyImcyØn¬ henb Bibp≠mbncp∂p. tZlwad∂p≈ Xncpta\nbpsS A≤zm\tØmSv _mhmbv°v FXn¿ ∏mbncp∂p.sa{Xm®≥ tIm´bw Pn√m Bkv]{Xnbn¬ {]tal tcmKnbmbnInS°ptºmƒ D≠mb kw`hw Hcp ssZh\ntbmKambn thWwIW°m°m≥. 1948 ˛¬ AkpJw IqSn sIm®pXncpta\n Hcp ssIbv°vapgph\pw \ocpw thZ\bpw, ]gp∏pw _m[n®v tIm´bw Pn√m Bkv]{Xnbn¬ {]thin∏n®p. _mhm Xncpta\nbpw, k`bnse a‰p {][m\nIfpw,C°mcyØn¬ ZpxJmIpecmbn Ignbp∂p. ssIapdn t°≠n hcpsa∂v

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 193tUmIvS¿ A`n{]mbs∏´p. ssIbnse Aÿnbn¬ \n∂v amwkw thdn´\nebnembn. ssIapdnt°≠n hcpsa∂ hnhcw Adn sIm®pXncpta\n ssI C√mØh\mbn Pohn°p∂Xn t\°mƒ ssIbp≈h\mbnacn°pIbmWv \√sX∂v ]dv Hm∏tdj\v hnkΩXn®p. XpS¿∂vNnIn’bnepw, {]m¿∞\bnepambn Znhk߃ Ign®p. Hcp ZnhkwAt±lw cm{Xnbn¬ apdnbn¬ Ddßns°m≠ncn°ptºmƒ AhnNmcnXambn ssIbn¬ \n∂v c‡{kmhap≠mbn. Dd°Ønembncp∂Xn\m¬Xncpta\ntbm, IqsS D≠mbncp∂hcmcpw hnhcw Adnn√. CukabØv ]. ImtXmen°m _mhm Xncpta\nbv°v F¥psImt≠m a\n∂v Hcp AkzÿX. sIm®psa{Xm®s\ DS≥ ImWWsa∂ Hcp Dƒt{]cW. siΩm»∑m scbpw ss{Uhtdbpw hnfn®v Bip]{XnbnseØn.AhnsS I≠Xv sR´n°p∂ Hcp ImgvN. XnI®pw AXymk∂\nebnte°vhgpXn hoWpsIm≠ncn°p∂ sIm®pXncpta\nsbbmWv _mhmImWp∂Xv. DS≥ Xs∂ tUmIvSsd hcpØn. ASnb¥ncip{iqjIƒ\SØn c‡{kmhw \n¿Øn.sIm®pXncpta\ntbmSv BtcmKyw {i≤n°m≥ _mhm Hcp ]nXm hns‚hm’eytØmsS D]tZin°pambncp∂p. am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv ]eImcy߃°mbn aec apgph≥ HmSn \S°pw. DuWpw Dd°hpwDt]£n®psIm≠p≈ Hm´ambncp∂p. ]pØ≥Imhn¬ Ip¿∫m\,tIm´bØv {]kwKw, Xncph\¥]pcØv t]mbn Znhms\°mW¬,Cßns\ ]cn]mSnIƒ Xs∂ ]cn]mSn. Hcp Znhkw cm{Xn hfsc sshIn]gbskan\mcnbn¬ sIm®psa{Xm®≥ h∂p. amt\Pc®s\ s°m≠p apdnXpd∏n®v InS∂v Dd°ambn. ]. _mhm ImeØv {]`mX`£WØn\ncn°ptºmƒ AXnYnIfmbn Bscnepw skan \mcnbn¬ h∂n´pt≠m F∂vAt\zjn°pw. Ds≠n¬ henb kt¥mjamWv. Aßns\tNmZn®t∏mgmWv ]oeIvknt\mkv sa{Xm®≥ ]mXncm{Xn IgnvFt∏mtgm h∂v InS∂v Ddßp∂p s≠∂pw FWo‰n´ns√∂pw AdnXv._mhm, sIm®pXncpta\n Fgpt∂‰v hcp∂ hsc ImØncp∂p.sIm®pXncpta\n Im∏n IpSn°m\mbn h∂t∏mƒ CXp Xs∂ Ahkcsa∂p IcpXn _mhm ]dp: "cmhnse DWcpIbn√. {]m¿∞n°pIbn√.]√p tX°p Ibpw Ipfn°pIbpan√. sa{Xm®≥ F¥n\m Cßns\ ]mp\S∂v BtcmKyw \jvSs∏SpØp∂Xv. kzev]w hn{iaw FSpØpIqtS?'am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv hnSptam? kzXkn≤amb ]p©ncntbmsS]dp. "tamdmt\, Cu am∏nfbpsS ]Øp ]pØ≥ In´Wsan¬Cßns\ HmSnbmte ]‰pIbp≈q. NpΩm tNmZn®m¬ Bscnepw Xcptam?Rm≥ Xriq¿ sk‚ v Ct·jykv Hm¿ØtUmIvkv ]≈nbn¬ Hcp hnhmlIqZmibv°mbn t]mbncn°bmbncp∂p.' CXp tI´t∏mƒ _mhmbpsStIm]w kt¥mjambn. Ccphcpw Nncn®p.

194 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvXncp ˛ sIm®n a{¥nk`bn¬ AwKambncp∂ ‰n. Fw. hdpKokns‚aIfptSXmbncp∂p hnhmlw. At±lØns‚ aIsf Ip∂wIpfw tUmIvS¿Noc≥ h¿Kokns‚ aI≥ Noc≥ amXyphmWp hnhmlw sNbvXXv. Noc≥hdpKokv a{Zmkv P\d¬ tlmkv]n‰en¬ G‰hpw Db¿∂ tUmIvSdmbntkh\a\pjvTn®v dmhp kmln_v _lpaXnbpw a‰pw t\Sn dn´b¿ sNbvXvXriq¿ Xmakam°nbncp∂p. ‰n. Fw. h¿§okv Xncp ˛ sIm®na{¥nk`bn¬ AwKambncn°ptºmƒ \S°p∂ kmtLmj hnhmlamWv.apJya{¥n AS°w F√m a{¥n amcpw, {][m\s∏´ DtZymKÿ∑mcpwh∂ncp∂p. hnhmlip{iqj \SØn Xncpta\n aSßp∂ hgnbmWvtIm´bw ]gbskan\mcnbn¬ Xßm≥ CSh∂Xv. ]ns‰ Znhkw ASnb¥ncambn Hcp ao‰nßn¬ ]sSpt°≠nbncp∂Xp sIm≠mWv cm{XnXs∂ aSßnbXv. Imdn¬ cm{Xn Zo¿Lbm{X sNøp∂Xv Xncpta\n°vH´pw ]pXpabp≈ Imcyambncp∂n√.CSbvs°√mw hg°p ]dbpambncps∂nepw _mhmbv°v sIm®psa{Xm®t\mSv henb kvt\lambncp∂p. k`bnse {][m\ NpaXe Iƒ_mhm At±lsØ Gev]n®ncp∂p. am¿ ]oeIvknt\mknt\mSv BtemNn°msX {][m\ Xocpam\ßsfm∂pw _mhm FSpØncp∂n√. ]nXr ˛ ]p{Xkvt\lw Fßn-s\tbm AXp t]mse.BtcmKyImcyØn¬ {]tXyIw {i≤n°Wsa∂v ]. _mhmImWptºmsg√mw sIm®pXncpta\ntbmSp ]dbpambncp∂p.The Orthodox Church of the EastHis HolinessMoran Mar Baselios Geevarghese II,Catholicos of the Apostolic Throne of the EastThe Syrian Seminary,Kottayam, S. IndiaNo. 217Date 12-8-1950(SEAL)am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv sa{Xmt∏meoØmbv°v,sImSpØb® km[\w In´n. Ios°mgq¿ ]≈n°m¿°p Iev]\sImSpØp. sa{Xm®s‚ kpJt°Sv Fßns\ Ccn°p∂p F∂vAdnbp∂n√. kq£n°msX tZlw IfbpIbmWt√m. Ct∏mƒ Fßs\Ccn°p∂p? hnhcw Adnbn°Ww. Ijmbw sIm≠v KpWw h√XpwDt≠m?]≈n°qSßfpsS \nba߃ I≠p ImWpat√m. AhnsS t\m´okvht∂m? AhnsS \n∂p h√hscbpw Abt®m? hnhcßsf√mw Adnhm≥

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 195B{Kln°p∂p. tijw ]n∂mse.F∂v 1950 HmKÃv 12- ˛\p tIm´bw skan\mcnbn¬ \n∂v(H∏v)Xncpta\n Imew sNbvX hnhcw Adnt∏mƒ _mhm Iev]n ®Xpw"ssZhta, C\n Rm≥ BtcmSv Imcy߃ BtemNn°pw' F∂mbncp∂phs{X. Xncpta\nbpsS arXtZlw ]gbskan\mcnbn¬ \n∂v I_dS°Øn\mbn ]pØ≥Imhnte°v sIm≠pt]mIp∂Xn\v apºv ImtXmen°m_mhm arXtZlw hln®ncp∂ hml\Ønte°v _≤s∏´v Ibdn arXtZlsØ sI´n∏nSn®v IÆp\o¿ [mc[mcbmbn Hgp°ns°m≠v A¥yNpw_\w \SØnb cwKsØ°pdn®v tI´n´p≠v.]oeIvknt\mkv Xncpta\n Imew sNbvXv ASpØ amkw 1951 sabv17 \v tN¿∂ aec Hm¿ØtUmIvkv kpdnbm\n {InkvXym\nAtkmkntbj≥ s]mXptbmKØn¬ ]cnip≤ _mhm ]oeIvkn t\mkvXncpta\nsb°pdn®v C{]Imcw {]kvXmhn®p:hm’ey a°tf,ssZhIr]bm¬ \mw \nßsf hnfn®p Iq´n. D’mltØmSpw,Xmev]cytØmSpw IqSn \n߃ ChnsS h∂p tN¿∂Xn¬ \mw ssZhsØ kvXpXn°bpw, \nßtfmSp≈ IrX⁄Xsb {]Imin∏n°p IbpwsNøp∂p.Cu Atkmkntbj≥ IqSWsa∂v \n›bn®t∏mƒ D≠mbncp∂Rßfn¬ Hcmƒ Ct∏mƒ C√ F∂ G‰hpw kSIcamb hnhcw C∂p{]kvXmhnt°≠n hcpsa∂p \mw hnNmcn®ncp∂n√. \ΩpsSsIm®psa{Xm®≥ C{XthKw \Ωn¬ \n∂p th¿s]Spsa∂p \mamcpwIcpXnbncp∂n√. At±lw tbmKy\pw, D’mlnbpw, hm‹nbpwBbncp∂p. At±lw `cn® sa{Xmk\bnShIbn¬ hfsc ]ptcmKa\߃ km[n®n´p≠v. kzm¿∞X At±lØn\p teihpw D≠mbncp ∂n√.F√mw At±lw ssZhXncp\ma alXzØn\p th≠n sNbvXp.At±lØns‚ kºmZy߃ ImtXmen°m knwlmk\Øns‚t]¿°mWv. At±lØns‚ Ahkm\{]kwKw t]mepw ImtXm en°mknwlmk\Øn\p th≠nbmbncp∂p. sIm®psa{Xm®≥ apºp tcmKnbmbnIptd\mƒ InS∂p. Fnepw A∂v B]sØm∂pw D≠mbn√. At±lØn\v Hcm{Klap≠mbncp∂p. InS∂v acn°cpXv. the sNbvXp acn°WwF∂v. CXpw At±lw ]et∏mgpw ]dn´p≈XmWv, A{]Imcw Xs∂km[n°pIbpw sNbvXp. arXicocw hSt°A‰w apX¬ sXs°A‰whsc \m\mPmXn aXÿ¿°pw Z¿i\w \¬Ins°m≠v At±lØns‚"A¥y {]bmW'hpw \S∂p. PmXnaXt`Zsat\y F√mhcptSbpwkvt\l`mP\ambncp∂p \ΩpsS sIm®psa{Xm®≥. At±lw k`bv°p

196 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvth≠n hfsc XymK߃ sNøpIbpw tkh\a\pjvTn°bpw sNbvX Hcp]pWymflmhmbncp∂p. At±lsØ \ΩpsS IÆpIƒ°v C\nImWphm≥ IgnIbn√s√m F∂p≈Xpw \sΩ thZ\n∏n°p∂p. \mwAtßm´p t]mIb√msX At±lw Ctßm´p hcnIbn√. Hcp k`m]nXmhvF∂ \nebn¬ At±lØn\p th≠n {]m¿∞n°Ww. ssZhwAt±lØns‚ Bflmhns\ kt¥mjßfpsS ]dpZokmbn¬ tN¿ØpsIm≈s´.'

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 19732NpØd Fw. ]n. Fw.lb¿sk°≠dn kvIqƒAXpey{]`mhhm\mbncp∂ ]pØ≥Imhn¬ sIm®pXncpta\nbpsSkvacWm¿∞w Nne ÿm]\߃ D≠m°Wsa∂v Xs‚ Bcm[IcmbNne¿ B{Kln®p. 1957 ˛s‚ BZyw AXn\p≈ {iaw XpSßn.Xncpta\nbpsS sk{I´dnbmbncp∂ ]n. Fkv. imapth¬ siΩmi≥,^mZ¿ hn. kn. tPm¿÷v (fm°qc®≥) ^mZ¿ sI. kn. DΩ≥ (CubnsSA¥cn® sXtbmt^mtdmkv dºm≥), ]qhØq¿ ]n. sP. AeIvkm≠¿(dn´. sslkv°qƒ C≥kvs]IvS¿), kn. sF. ss\\m≥ (dn´. slUvamÿ,amthen°c), sI. F≥. Cu∏≥ (dn´. Xlkn¬Zm¿, Bdm´p]pg),Xncpta\nbpsS ktlmZc≥ sI. ‰n. tPmk^v (tkew) XpSßnbhcmWvIΩn‰nbn¬ {]h¿Øn®Xv. Hcp B{iaw, Hcp Bip]{Xn, Hcp sslkv°qƒF∂nhbmbncp∂p e£yw. th≠ ÿew Is≠ØnbXv\neºqcn\SpØp≈ NpØdbnepw. tkeØv ÿncXmakam°nbncp∂sI. ‰n. tPmk^n\v NpØdbn¬ Hcp FtÉp≠mbncp∂p.1957 ˛¬ kvIqfn\v A\phmZw In´n. XpS¿∂v ae_m¿ `{Zmk\Øns‚]t{Xmkv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv kvIqfn\p Xd°√n´p.{]mcw`ImeØv ta¬t\m´Øn\v ]Ø\wXn´ ImtXment°‰vsslkv°qfn¬ \n∂p sI. H. ]oent∏mkv \ntbmKn°s∏´p. 1957 Pq¨18 ˛\v 27 Ip´nItfmSp IqSn VIII˛mw ¢mkmWv BZyw XpSßnbXv.slUvamÃdmbn Xncph√ Fw. Pn. Fw. sslkv°qƒ ap≥ A≤ym]I≥sI. sI. sNdnbm≥ Nm¿sPSpØp. HmKÃv H∂n\mWv HutZymKnIambnkvIqƒ Bcw`n®Xv. slUvamÃsd IqSmsX sI. H. ]oent∏mkv It√men-°¬,]n. hn. tPm¿÷v F∂nhcmbncp∂p A≤ym]I¿.sI. ‰n. tPmk^v NpØd hcptºmƒ Xmakn°m\mbn Du´n ˛tImgnt°mSv tdmUv sskUn¬ ]WnXn´ncp∂ sNdnb sI´nSØnemWvkvIqƒ Bcw`n®Xv.ÿew sI. ‰n. tPmk^ns‚ t]cnembncp∂Xn\m¬ At±lsØs°m≠mWv kvIqfn\p th≠n At]£ ka¿∏n®Xv. amt\Pvsa‚ vIΩ‰n°v ssIamdns°m≈msa∂mbncp∂p [mcW. F∂m¬ kvIqƒ{]h¿Ø\w XpScm\p≈ Hcp ssZh\ntbmKambmWv Cu kw`hw \S∂Xv.1957 HIvtSm_dn¬ sk{I´dn siΩm»s‚ Hcp IØv slUvamÿ°vIn´n. kvIqƒ \SØns°m≠p t]mIm≥ IΩn‰n Xømds√∂pw,

198 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvA≤ym]I¿ DSs\ Xncn®p t]mcWsa∂pambncp∂p D≈S°w. ap≠ticnamÃdpsS hnZym`ymk_n√v AhXcn∏n® kµ¿`w. amt\Pc∑mcpsSA[nImc߃ \nb{¥n°p∂ ]pXnb _n√nt\mSp≈ FXn¿∏p aqeamWvkvIqƒ {]h¿Ø\w \n¿Øp∂sX∂mWv IØn¬ kqNn∏n®Xv.Cu IØv A≤ym]Isc ZpxJØnemgvØn. kaqltØmSp≈ [m¿ΩnIDØchmZnXzw kvIqƒ ÿm]n°m≥ ap∂n´ndßnb k`bv°p≠mIp∂A]am\w, ]Tn°p∂ Ip´nIfpsS Ccp≠ `mhn apXembh AhscAtßb‰w thZ\n∏n®p. \neºq¿ Ignm¬ AhnsSßpw Hscm‰sslkv°qfpan√.A≤ym]I¿ {]m¿∞\m]q¿∆w FSpØ Xocpam\w 1957˛58 kvIqƒh¿jØn¬ Ip´nIfpsS ]T\w Fßs\bpw ]q¿Ønbm°Wsa∂pw,kvIqƒ \n¿Øm\p≈ IΩn‰nbpsS Xocpam\w AXoh clkyambnhbv°Wsa∂pamWv. ]cnNban√mØ amt\P¿ sI. ‰n. tPmk^vA≤ym]Isc klIcn∏n®v kvIqƒ XpScm≥ Xmev]cys∏´p.CXn\nsS Un. C. H. aplkn≥ _n≥ AlΩZv H∂p c≠p {]mhiywkvIqƒ kµ¿in®p. bp. ]n. hn`mKw IqSn DSs\ Bcw`n°Wsa∂pwAt±lw ]dp. IqSmsX, kvIqfn\v I√n´ ÿew SuWn¬ \n∂vAIse bmbXn\m¬, Xmev°menIambn kvIqƒ \SØp∂nSØp Xs∂kvIqfn\p ÿew Is≠ØWsa∂pw \n¿t±in®p. ap…ow Ip´nIƒ[mcmfap≈ NpØdbn¬ Cu hnZymebw \ne\n¿ØWw F∂ Nn¥bpwUn. C. H. bv°v D≠mbncp∂p. XpS¿∂v bp. ]n. kvIqfn\v Xm¬°menIkvIqfn\SpØp Xs∂ ÿehpw In´n.1958 ˛ 59 h¿jmcw`Øn¬ amt\P¿ Hcp sjUv ]WnXXn\m¬ kvIqƒap≥t]m´p t]mIpsa∂pd∏mbn. '58 PqWn¬ bp. ]n. hn`mKw XpSßn.Aßs\ 58 ˛ 59 kvIqƒ h¿jØn¬ 5 apX¬ 9 hsc ¢mkpIƒ Bcw`n®p.sI. sI. sNdnbms\t∏mse A\p`h kº∂\mb Hcp slUvamÃsde`n®Xpw, XymKat\m `mhap≈ bphA≤ym]I¿ \nbanXcmbXpwapX¬°q´mbn.{]Xnk‘nbn¬ kvIqfns‚ \ne\nev]n\p th≠n klmbklIcW߃ \¬Inbhcn¬ ^mZ¿ ‰n. Pn. Ipdnbmt°mkv, ^mZ¿Fw. Fw. tXmakv, Ip¥dbn¬ Xcy≥ hdpKokv, Ip¥dbn¬ h¿°n,hnt√mØv hn. ‰n. ]oent∏mkv, hnt√mØv hn. ]n. amXyp, sI. ]n.IplΩZv amÿ, ]tet°mS≥ IplΩZv lmPn, F°°pt∂¬tPm¨, ]mep≠ FtÉp amt\P¿ ]n. Pn. tPm¿÷v apXembh¿Dƒs∏Sp∂p.kvIqƒ hf¿∂v h∂v F√m h¿jhpw kvIqfn¬ aq∂pw, \mepwUnhnj\pIƒ IqSn. At∏mƒ, Xmev°men Iambn sjUpIƒ \n¿Ωn®p

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 199{]iv\w ]cnlcn®p. \√ sI´nS߃ c≠p am{Xw. Ip´nIfpsS FÆwaqhmbnc tØmfambn. F´p sslkv°qfpIƒ Np‰p]mSpw D≠mbn. Nnekn. _n. Fkv. C, sF. kn. Fkv. C. kv°qfpIfpw Bcw`n®p. F∂n´pwIp´nIfpsS FÆØn\v Ipdhp≠mbn√. 2000 ˛am≠v NpØdbn¬ Xs∂,am¿tØmΩm tImfPnt\mSv tN¿∂v lb¿ sk°≠dn kvIqƒ D≠mtI≠kmlNcyØn¬ sslkv°qƒ Bcw`n®t∏mƒ am{XamWv ChnsSIp´nIfpsS FÆw Ipdp XpSßnbXv.Cu kvIqƒ ae∏pdw Pn√bnse ImbnIcwKØv kvt]m¿SvknepwKbnwknepw an° h¿jhpw jo¬Uv t\Sn. {Kma{]tZiamsWnepw,hnPbiXam\Ønepw ap∂n´p \n∂ncp∂p. Nne h¿jßfn¬ ae∏pdwUnkv{SnIvSn¬ G‰hpw IqSpX¬ am¿°p hmßnb Ip´nIƒ {]ikvXambFw. ]n. Fw. sslkv°qfnteXmbncp∂p.{]h¿ØIcpsS e£yambncp∂, B{iaw D≠mbn√. Bip]{Xn F∂e£yw Aev]mbp mbncp∂ Hcp Unkvs]≥kdnbnsemXpßn.Cu kvIqfns‚ ap≥ A≤ym]IcnsemcmfmWv sNß∂q¿`{Zmk\m[n]≥ tXmakv am¿ AØm\m tkymkv. Un. C. H. Bbn dn´b¿sNbvX ]n. H. tP°_pw ap≥ A≤ym]I\mWv.1980 Ifn¬ {]mbm[nIyw aqew sI. ‰n. tPmk^n\v kvIqƒ {]h¿Ø\wXpScm\mbn√. ]n≥KmanIƒ°v Xmev]cyhpap≠mbncp ∂n√. ÿm]\wa‰m¿s°nepw ssIamdntb ]‰pIbp≈q F∂ ÿnXnbnembn.k`bptSXmbn Bcw`n® Cu ÿm]\w k`sbs°m≠v Gs‰Sp∏n°m≥slUvamÿ kn. hn. aØmbnbpsS t\XrXzØn¬ A[ym]I¿ {ian®p.tXmakv am¿ XotamØntbmkv Xncpta\n CXn\p klmbn®p. k`mtI{µsØ ]e {]mhiyw kao]n®p. 1982 ˛¬ ]. am¿tØmΩm amXyqkv{]Ya≥ _mhm NpØd I¨h≥j\nepw ChnsS \S∂ AJne aecbphP\{]ÿm\ hm¿jnIØnepw kw_‘n®p. aeck`bpsS {i≤ChnsS ]Xnp. _mhmbpsS \n¿t±ia\pkcn®v 1984 ˛¬ kvIqƒ k`Gs‰SpØp. A∂p apX¬ Fw. Un. B≥Uv ImtXment°‰vamt\Pvsa‚ns‚ Iogn¬ kvIqƒ {]h¿Øn®p hcp∂p.2003 Pq¨ apX¬ ChnsS Hcp A¨FbvUUv πkv Sp kvIqfpw{]h¿Øn®p hcp∂p. kvIqfn\p Hcp ]pXnb sI´nSw]WnXpsIm≠ncn°bmWv. ae-∏pdw Pn√-bpsS hnZym`ymk,kmwkv°mcnI, kmºØnI, cmjv{Sob A`nhr≤n°v Cu ÿm]\wsNepØnb kzm[o\w sNdpX√.

200 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv`mKw II1henb I¿Ω-Ip-i-e-\mbsIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\nCcp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ \mepw A©pw Zi-I-ß-fn¬ ]. _tk-en-tbmkvKoh-dp-Kokv c≠m-a≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpsS sk{I-´-dnbpw F√m kw`h-ß-fp-sSbpwZrIvkm£nbpamb dh. ^m. tUm. ]n. kn. Cu∏s‚ (10Pb-e£van]pcw, ssakq¿ ˛ 12) Hc-\p-kv-a-cWbn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p:`mKy-kva-c-Wm¿l-\mb ]pØ≥Imhv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta-\nbpsS A\p-Kr-lo-Xhpw BZ-c-Wo-b-hp-amb Pohn-X-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ A\pkva-cWF∂pw tImcn-Ø-cn-∏n-°p∂ A\p-`qXn {]Zm\w sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv.kvt\lkº-∂-\mb Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A\nX-c-km-[m-c-W-amb A¿∏-W-_p-≤nbpw, {]Xn-]-£ -_-lp-am-\-hpw, I¿Ω-Ip-i-e-Xbpw, kaq-l-Ønepwk`-bn-epw \∑-Iƒ \ndp ImWm-\p≈ Bt-hihpw IuXp-Ihpw A\ntj-≤y-ambt\XrXzhpw, `c-W-ss\-]p-Wyhpw, Zo¿L-ho-£-Whpw, k`bpsSsI´p-d-∏n\pw \ne-\n¬∏n-\pw th≠n F¥p XymK-ßfpw sNøm-\p≈ k∑-\kpw k∂-≤-Xbpw, At±-lsØ k`ma°-fpsS IÆnepÆnbm°nØo¿Øp.doØp {]ÿm-\-hp-ambn ae-ck`-bn¬ Nn¥m-°p-g∏w krjvSn®vhnizm-kn-Isf ItØm-en°mk`-bn¬ tN¿°p-hm≥ cwK-{]-thiw sNbvXam¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS IpX-{¥-ßsf kss[cyw{]Xn-tcm-[n®v P\-ßsf kXy-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v sIm®p-Xncp-ta\n\n¿∆-ln® henb tkh-\-߃ kz¿Wen]n-I-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. F√m {]Xn-Iqe kml-Ncy-ß-sfbpw, \n›-b-Zm¿Vy-tØmSpwXnI ip`m]vXn hnizm-k-tØmSpw t\cn-Sm-\p≈ At±-l-Øns‚ IgnhvA\n-X-ckm-[m-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p.Xpº-a¨ `{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm F∂ \ne-bn¬ k`-tbm-Spw, kaql-tØm-Sp-ap≈{]Xn-_-≤Xbpw, ZuXy-t_m-[hpw sIm≠v [\yamb -˛efn-X-kp-µ-c-amb ˛ Hcp Pohn-X-Øns‚ DS-a-bm-bn-cp∂p At±lw. PmXn-a-X-t`-Z-sat\y F√m-h-tcmSpw kvt\l-tØmSpw ka-NnØ-X-tbmSpw h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, a‰p-≈-hsc X∂n-te-°m-I¿jn-°p-∂-Xn\pap≈ Xncp-ta-\nbpsSIgnhv hnkva-b-\o-b-ambncp∂p.]Ø-\w-Xn´ am°mw-Ip-∂nse ImtXm-en-t°‰v sslkvIqƒ ÿm]-Is\∂\ne-bn¬ sIm®pXncp-ta\n khntij {i≤ ]nSn®p]‰n-bn-cp∂p.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 201Ip∂p \nc-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\pw, ]md-Iƒ s]m´n®p am‰p-∂-Xn-\pw, Ip‰n-°m-Sp-Iƒ sh´nsØfn-°p-∂-Xn\pw \nbp-‡-cmb tPmen-°m-tcm-sSm∏w sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\nbpw ]Wn FSp-°p∂ ImgvN kµ¿i-Isc A¤pX]c-X-{¥-cm-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. GXp \ne-bn-ep≈ Bfp-I-tfmSpw km[¿Ωy-s∏´v AhcpsSkvt\lm-Z-c-߃ ]nSn®p ]‰m-\p≈ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Ignhv XnI®pwBZ-c-Wo-bw.`{Zmk-\m-[n-]≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬ Xpº-a¨ `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ \m\m-ap-J-amb hf¿®sb e£y-am°n {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn\v {]Xn-⁄m-_≤\mbAt±-l-Øns‚ t\´-߃ {]iw-km¿l-am-Wv.sshZn-IcpsS t£-aw, {]h¿Ø-\-k-c-Wn, thX\w, ÿew-am‰w apXembImcy-ß-fn¬ hnπ-h-I-c-amb ]cn-jvIm-c-߃ Bhnjv°-cn®v{]hrØn]Y-Øn¬ sIm≠phcp-∂-Xn\v ap≥ssI FSpØv A£o-W-bXv\wsNbvX [oc-tbm-≤m-hmb `c-W-\n-]p-W≥ Bbn-cp∂p At±lw. sshZn-IcpsSÿewam‰w apX-emb Imcy-ß-fn¬ Ah-cn¬ \n∂p Xs∂ henbFXn¿∏pw, \n -l-I-c-Whpw {]mcw`Z-i-bn¬ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°≠n h∂p.DZm-l-c-W-ambn am°mw-Ip-∂v, Nµ-\-∏-≈n, Xpº-a¨ apX-emb henb ]≈n-I-fnse Nne {]apJ sshZn-I¿ sIm®pXncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]pXnb ]cn-jvImc-ßsfi‡n-bmbn sNdp-°p-Ibpw \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øp-∂-Xn\v XSkwkrjvSn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬ `{Zm-k\s∏mXp-tbm-Khpw, hnZym-k-º-∂-cmb sshZn-I-cpw Assh-ZnI {]ap-Jcpw Imtem-Nn-X-amb ]cn-jvImc-߃k`-bpsS `{Z-Xbv°pw hf¿ ®bv°pw AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-sW∂va\- n-em°n Xncp-ta-\n°p th≠ ]n≥XpW \¬In.sI. tUhnUv A®≥, hSp-Xe ]n. C. Zm\n-tb¬ siΩm-i-≥ (Zm-\ntb¬am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta-\n), sXßpwXd-bn¬ Koh-dp-KokvtImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏m (a¬∏m-\-®≥), sXßpwtXm´-Øn¬ Sn. F v.G{_lmw tIm¿F∏n-kvtIm-∏m, F≥. Pn. Ipcy-\-®≥, fm°q¿ tPm¿÷vA®≥, hmg-aq-´Øv tPmjzm-®≥ apX¬t]cpsS Btem-N-\bpw ]n≥Xp-Wbpw D±njvS Imcy-߃ {ia-km-≤y-am-°m≥ sIm®p Xncp-ta-\n°v klmb-I-am-bn.kt≠-kvIqƒ, kv{Xok-amPw, bph-P\-{]-ÿm\w apX-embB≤ym-flnI kwL-S-\-Iƒ°v sI´p-d∏pw, DtØ-P-\-hpw t{]m’m-l-\hpwe`n-°-Ø°-hÆw hnhn[ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Bhn-jvI-cn®p. Aßs\ Xpºa¨`{Zm-k-\sØ CXc `{Zm-k-\-ßsf At]-£n®v Hcp amXrIm `{Zmk-\-am-°nDb¿Øp-hm≥ At±lw A£o-W-bXv\w sNbvXp. At±lwhnP-b-{io-em-fn-X-\m-bn.k`bv°p th≠n \nkzm¿∞ tkh\w A\p-jvTn-°p-∂-Xn\vXmev]cyap≈-hsc I≠p]nSn®v Hcp k\ymk kaq-lw, t_kn¬ ZbdF∂ t]cn¬ am°mwIp∂n¬ cq]w {]m]n-®p.

202 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvCº-I-c-amb i_vZ-am-[p-cyw, lrZ-b-h¿÷-I-amb Bcm-[-\, BcpsSbpw{i≤-sb ]n-Sn®p ]‰-Ø-°-h-Æ-ap≈ hN-\-ssh-`-hw, BscbpwBI¿jn-°p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ssien apX-emb al¬kn≤n-Iƒ Xncp-ta-\nbpsShy‡n-XzØn\p am‰p h¿≤n-∏n-®p. {]K-ev`-\mb hm‹n-bpw `c-W-\n-]p-W-\p-amb sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm CS-h-I-`-cWw kpK-a-am-°m≥ ITn-\-{]-bXv\w sNbvXp.sshZn-I-sc, Ah-c-h-cpsS kz¥w CS-h-I-I-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-®p-h∂ Iogvhg°Øn\phncp-≤-ambn kz¥w CS-h-I -hn´v a‰v CS-h-I-I-fn¬ hnIm-cn-amcmbn\nb-an-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ sa{Xm®s‚ {ia-Øn\p henb FXn¿∏p-≠mbn-cp∂B Ime-L-´-Øn¬, ]pXp-Xmbn ]´w G¬°p-∂-h-sc-nepw Ahc-h-cpsSkz¥-a-√mØ CS-h-I-I-fpsS `c-W-®p-a-Xe G¬°p-∂Xv DNn-Xam-bn-cn-°p-sa∂p\n›-bn-®p. AX-\p-k-cn®v Hcp sshZn-I\p kz¥w CSh-I-bn¬{]h¿Øn-°m≥ A\p-aXn \ntj-[n-°-s∏´p F∂p-d-∏mb kml-N-cy-Øn¬ CS-h-I-°m¿ kwL-Sn®v hnhcw ]. Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ImtXm-en°m _mhmsb Adn-bn®v kS \nh¿Øn-°mbn tIm´bw]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ FØn. CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm F∂ \ne-bn¬`{Zm-k-\m-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ sshZn-I¿°p ÿew-am‰w \¬Ip-∂-Xv sshZn-I¿°pw CS-h-I-P-\-߃°pw Hcp t]mse _p≤n-ap-´p-≠m-°m≥ km≤yXDs≠∂p [cn®v, bmsXm-cp Imc-W-h-imepw Ah-cpsS sshZn-Is\ ÿewam‰msX kz¥w CS-h-I-bn¬ Xs∂ hnIm-cn-bmbn \nb-an-°-W-sa∂p≈Ah-cpsS B{Klw ]. _mhmsb Adn-bn-®p.hfsc {]£p-_v[-amb Hcp Ime-L-´-Øn-emWv _mhm `c-W-kmcYywhln-®n-cp-∂-Xv. kap-Zm-bt°kv Hcp hi-Øv, doØp-Im-cpsS i√yw adp-hi-Øv.CS-h-I-I-fn-ep≈ IpSpw-_-h-g-°p-Ifpw hy‡n-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ sshcß-fp-sa√mwssIImcyw sNtø≠ Hcp Ime-L´w. kmaq-ly-ambpw k`m-]-c-ambpw Iep-jn-Xamb Hc-¥-co-£-Øn¬ Cu alm]ptcm-ln-Xs‚ ZuXywXnI®pw t¢i-I-c-am-bn-cp∂p F∂p ]d-bmsX Xc-an-√.Cu Ime-b-f-hn¬ `{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑m-cpsS kap-Nn-X-ambXocp-am-\-ßsf hna¿i\_p≤ym ho£n®v, AXn\p hn]-co-X-ambn k`bpsS]c-am-≤y£s\ kao-]n®v, A`bbmN\ \S-Øn, kzImcy Xmev]cy߃km[n®p In´p-∂-Xn\v ]c-am-h[n {ian-°p∂ Hcp hg°w \ne-hn¬h∂p. B{inXh’-e-\mb ]. _mhm, P\w \jvS-s∏-Sptam F∂v `b∂vAh-cpsS A`ojvS-Øn\v hg-ßnb kµ¿`-ßfpw D≠m-bn-´p-≠v.A[n-Im-c-ÿm-\-tØmSp adp-X-en-°p-∂Xpw a’-c-_p-≤n-tbmSp IqsS\njvI-cpWw hna¿i-\-߃ tImcn-s®m-cn-bp-∂Xpw kaq-l-Øn¬ k¿∆km-[m-c-W-am-W-t√m.`{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am¿ CS-hI `c-W-Øn¬ ssIs°m-≈p∂

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 203Xocp-am-\-ß-sf-∏‰n AXr-]vX-cmb P\-߃ ]e-t∏mgpw sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-ØmbpsSXocp-am-\-ßsf Aÿn-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ A∏o¬ A[n-Im-c-ap≈ ]._mhmsb kao-]n®v k-S-\n-hrØn t\Sp∂ Hcp kml-Ncyw kwPm-Xambn._mhm Xncp-ta-\n-bn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-\-\ptbm-Py-amba\pjykvt\lhpw A\p-I-ºbpw At±-l-Øns‚ kz`m-h-co-Xn-I-fnse√mw \ng-en®p \n∂n-cp-∂p. Xs∂ kao-]n-°p∂ `‡-P-\-ßsfA\p-Iºm]q¿∆w kzoI-cn®v k¬°-cn®v Ah-cp-sS k-S-߃°p ]cnlmcwI≠p]nSn®v k¥p-jvS-cm°n Bio¿h-Zn-®-b-bv°p∂ hnimea\-kvIX At±-l-Øns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øns‚ Akm-am\y khn-ti-jXbmbncp∂p.F∂m¬ ]e-t∏mgpw `{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm ssIs°m≠ Xocpam-\-ß-fpsS]›m-Øew IW-°n-se-Sp-°msX Xs∂ kao-]n-°p∂hcpsS\n¿_-‘-Øn\v hgßn ssIs°m-≈p∂ Xocp-am-\-߃ CS-hI`c-W-Øn¬{]iv\-߃ krjvSn-®n-´p-≠v.DZm-l-c-W-ambn Hcp bph-ssh-Zn-Is‚ \nb-a\w kw_-‘n®v sa{Xmt∏m-eoØmbpsSXocp-am-\-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn CS-hIP\-߃ Hcp {]Xn-\n[nkwL-ambn _mhmsb kao-]n-®p.- A-h¿ hnIm-c-`-cn-X-cmbn Ah-cpsS CSh-I-bn¬\n∂p sshZn-I-\mb kz¥w Bfns‚ tkh\w Ah¿°p Xs∂\¬I-W-sa∂v \n¿_-‘-]q¿∆w At]-£n-°p-Ibpw AXn-\-\p-Iqe-ambHcp I¬∏\ In´p-∂-Xp-hsc aS-ßn-t∏m-Im≥ hnkΩXn°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.hkvXp-X-Iƒ F√mw icn°p a\-kn-em-°nb _mhm A\p-Iq-e-amb Hcpadp-]Sn \¬Im≥ kabw FSpØp. cm{Xn sshIn-bn´pw P\-߃ ]ncnpt]mbn√ F∂p a\-kn-em°nb _mhm Ah-cn¬ a\- -env B bphssh-Zn-Is\ ÿewam‰n \nb-an-vt°-≠-Xn-s√∂p Xocp-am-\n®p X¬°m-e-tØ°phnIm-cn-bmbn kz¥w ]≈n-bn¬ \nb-an®p I¬∏\ Fgp-Xn. Cu hnhcwCS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS Adn-hn-\mbn thsd Hcp I¬∏-\-bn¬FgpXn c≠pw Ah-cp-sS ssIbn¬ sImSp-Øp. k¥p-jvS-cmb P\-߃DSs\ Xs∂ ssIapØn aS-ßn. aS-°-bm-{X-bn¬ Ah¿ sNß-∂q¿_tY¬ Ac-a-\-bn¬ FØn CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mbmb sIm®p-Xn-cpta-\n-°p≈I¬∏\ cm{Xn-bn¬ Xs∂ G¬∏n-®p.I¬∏\ hmbn-®p. sIm®pXncp-ta-\n°v A¤p-Xhpw Xmßm-\m-hmØZpxJhpw D≠m-bn. DSs\ Xs∂ tIm´-bØp t]mbn _mhmsb I≠v C{]-Imcw Hcp I¬∏\ _mhm Fgp-XnbXnep≈ Aa¿jw t\cn¬ t_m[n-∏n-°m-sa∂p Icp-Xn. F∂m¬ tIm´bw ]gbskan\m-cn-bn¬ FØnbt∏mƒ_mhmsb t\cn¬ I≠v F¥p ]d-bm-\mWv Fs∂mcp ktµ-lw. GXmbmepw_mhmsb ImWp-∂-Xn\p ap≥]v I¬∏\ Fgp-Xm≥ CS-bmb kml-NcysØ∏‰n _mhm-bpsS sk{I-´dnbmbncp∂ Ft∂mSp tNmZn®p a\-kn-em-°n-b-Xn-\p -tijw kmh-Im-i-Øn¬ _mhmtbmSv F√m Imcy-ßfpwhni-Z-ambn N¿® sNøm-sa∂p Xocp-am-\n-®p.

204 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv`{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am-cpsS Xocp-am-\-ß-fpsS ]›m-Øewicn°pw a\- n-em-°msX GI-]-£o-b-ambn _mhm CS-s]-Sp-∂Xp hgnCS-h-I-I-fn¬ D≠m-Im-hp∂ A®-S°cmln-XysØ∏‰nbpw, Aßs\ kw`hn-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\p≈t]mwhgn-Isf ]‰nbpw ]gbskan-\mcn amt\-P¿ Sn.kn. Pbn-°-_-®-t\mSpw sk{I-´dn Cu∏≥ siΩm-i-t\mSpw XpS¿®-bmbnN¿®-Iƒ \S-Øn. Ah-km\w hkvXp-X-Iƒ _mhmsb t\cn´p [cn-∏n-°m-sa∂p Xo¿®-s∏-Sp-Øn.sIm®pXncp-ta\n h∂n-´p-s≠∂pw _mhmsb I≠p {][m-\-s∏´ Imcy߃[cn-∏n-°m-\pam-bn-´mWv Dt±-iy-sa∂pw sk{I-´dn _mhmsb Adnbn-®p.DSs\ _mhm I¬∏n®p. ""AXn-s\∂m XS- w, sa{Xm-®≥ hcm≥]dbq' F∂v. Fs‚ apdn-bn¬ Ccp-∂n-cp∂ sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n-tbbpw amt\-P-c-®-t\bpw DS≥ Xs∂ hnhcw Adn-bn-®p. R߃ aq∂p t]cpw _mhmbpsSapdn-bn¬ {]th-in-®p. I≠ DSs\ _mhm I¬∏n®p. ""sa{Xm-®≥AhnsS Ccn°p'' F∂v. AXn\p adp-]-Sn-bmbn sIm®p Xncp-ta\n Bthi-tØmsSAdn-bn-®p. ""F\n°p c≠-∏-∑m-cm-Wp-≈Xv. AXn¬ Ings°Xebv°¬IØ-\m¿ acn-®p aÆ-Sn-p. C\n tijn-°p-∂Xv F\n°p _mhmXncp-ta\n am{X-amWv.'' CXp tI´p _mhm Fgp-t∂‰v sIm®pXncp-ta-\nbpsSASp-°-te°v sN∂p. ""F¥m sa{Xm-®\v Ft¥m ]d-bm-\ps-≠∂vsiΩm-i≥ Adn-bn-®p. Xpd∂v ]d-bm-at√m.'' sIm®pXncp-ta\n hfsc im¥-X-tbmsS Adn-bn-®p. ChnsS CS-h-I-I-fn¬ \n∂pw hy‡n-I-fn¬ \n∂pwt\cn´v _mhm-bpsS ASpØphcp∂ At]-£-Ifpw l¿Pn-Ifpw icn°pw]cn-tim-[n-°msX Xo¿∏p I¬∏n-°p-∂Xv hfsc {]iv\-߃°v hgn-sXfn-°p-∂p-≠v._mhm k`-bpsS ]c-am-≤y-£-\m-Wv. A∏o¬ A[n-Im-chpwD≠v. _mhm F¥p Xocp-am-\n-®mepw AXn\v FXncv ]d-bm≥ Rß-fmcpwHcn-°epw apXn-cp-I-bn√. F∂m¬ kwK-Xn-I-fpsS kpK-a-amb \S-Øn-∏n\vHcp Imcyw sNbvXm¬ \∂m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v A`n-{]m-b-ap-≠v. ""AsX∂m?sNøm-at√m'' F∂v _mhm. ChnsS `{Zm-k-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂p hcp∂ l¿Pn-Ifpw At]-£-Ifpw sk{I-´dn siΩm-i≥ kzoI-cn®v AXn¬ ssI∏-‰nbXob-Xnbpw H∏pw h®v AXmXp sa{Xm-k-\m-[n-]-∑m¿°v Ah-cpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn Ab®psImSp-Øm¬ Ah¿ AXv icn°p ]Tn®p hni-Ie\wsNbvXv \nPm-hÿ Xncp-ta-\nsb Adn-bn-°pw. kwK-Xn-I-fpsSKuchw A\p-k-cn®v th≠nh∂m¬ sa{Xm-k-\m-[n-]≥ Xs∂tbmAt±lw \ntbm-Kn-°p∂ `{Zm-k\ sk{I-´-dntbm t\cn¬ h∂v F√m hißfpwXncp-ta-\nsb Adn-bn-°pw. AXn\ptijw F¥p Xocp-am\w FSp-Ømepw AsX-√m-h¿°pw kzoIm-cy-am-bn-cn-°pw.'' DSs\ _mhm Iev]n®p,""AXp \√ Imcy-am-Wt√m.'' sk{I-´-dnsb A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXv""siΩmim! A{]-Imcw sNbvXpsIm≈Ww. AXp \s√mcp Imcy-am-Wv.C\nta¬ A{]-Imcw sa{Xm-®≥ ]d-Xp t]mse sNbvXp-sIm-≈Ww.''

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 205Ccp-hcpw k¥p-jvS-cmbn.Bcw` Zi-bn¬ Cu {Iao-I-cWw hfsc {]tbm-P-\-I-chpw hnP-b-I-chp-am-bn-cp-∂p.F∂m¬ _mhm ]cp-a-e-bntem Ip≠d skan-\m-cn-bn-temCS-bv°nsS t]mbn aSßn hcp-tºm-tg°pw hcp∂ ]cm-Xn-Iƒ ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ sk{I-´-dn-bpsS tai-∏p-dØv IqSn-°n-S-°pw. Aß-s\-bp-≈ bm{X-Iƒ h¿≤n-®-Xns‚ t]cn¬ sk{I-´dn bYm-h-kcw Hm^okv {]h¿Ø\wXS- -s∏-Sp∂ hnhcw sIm®pXncp-ta-\nsb Adn-bn-®-t∏mƒ Xncp-ta\n]mtd´v amXyqkv A®s\ I≠v BgvN-bn¬ c≠p Znhkw ]gbskan-\mcn-bn¬FØn klm-bn-°-W-sa∂v A`y¿∞n®p. ]mtd´v A®≥ H∂pc≠p {]mhiyw Npa-Xe \n¿∆-ln-®-Xn\p tijw AXv {]mtbm-Kn-I-a-s√∂va\- n-em°n Hcp {]tXyI Hm^o-kv ]gb skan-\m-cn-bn¬ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\v ]n. F≥. ss\\ms\ £Wn®p hcp-Øp-Ibpw sk{I-´-dn-tb-‰n\v cq]w\evIp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]n. F≥. ss\\m≥ U]yq´n sk{I-´-dnbpw s\SpamhvtPm¿÷v ¢m¿°p-ambn \nb-an-X-cm-bn. Aßs\ ImtXm-en-t°‰vHm^okv Hs´ms° Imcy-£-a-ambn {]h¿Ø\w Bcw-`n-®p.Koh¿Kokv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta\n hnimelrZ-b\pw Zo¿L-Zr-jvSn-tbmSp IqSn k`m-Im-cy-߃ ssIImcyw sNøm≥ Ign-hp≈`cWI¿Ømhpw Bbn-cp-∂p. ae-ck`-bn¬ DS-\ofw A\m-bm-tk\HmSn\S∂v a[p-c-a-t\m-l-c-amb {]`m-j-W-߃ hgn k`m-a°-fn¬ HcpB≤ym-flnI ssNX\yw ]I-cp-∂-Xn\v Xncp-ta\n \¬Inb kw`m-h-\-IƒF∂mfpw kvac-Wm¿l-am-Wv. Aßs\ {]kwK ]cy-S-\m¿∞w Ip∂w-IpfØvFØn acØwtImSp ]≈n-bn¬ h®v {]kw-K-a-t≤y Akz-ÿ-\m-Ip-I-bp-w lrZ-b-kvXw-`\w aqew XnI®pw A{]-Xo-£nX-ambn A¥yw kw`hn-°p-IbpwD≠m-bn. Cu kShm¿Ø Im´pXo t]mse ae-c BIam\w]S-cp-Ibpw `‡-P-\-߃ acØw tImt´bv°v A`n-h-µy-\mb Xncpta-\n-tbm-Sp≈`‡ym-Z-c-߃ A¿∏n®v A\p-{Klw {]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-te°vHmSn-sb-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. k`-bpsS ]c-am-≤y-£\mb _tk-en-tbmkvKoh¿Kokv ZznXo-b≥ _mhm sR´n-°p∂ hm¿Ø tI´Xpw Fgp-t∂‰v\n∂v ]tc-Xs‚ Bfl-im-¥n°v th≠n {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw IÆp-\o¿hm¿ØpsIm≠v ""Fs∂ bm{X Ab-t°≠ sIm®psa{Xm-®≥ IS∂pt]mbt√m'' F∂v Bh¿Øn®p ]dp hne-]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXXpwHm¿Ω-bn¬ hcp-∂p. _mhm aqtdm≥ IqZm-ibv°v th≠n {]tXyI {hXwFSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ka-b-am-bXp sIm≠v I_-d-S° ip{iq-jbv°vacØwtImt´bv°v t]mIm-\p≈ {]bm-ksØ∏‰nbp≈ Nn¥-bn¬ hym]r-X-\mbn hyk-\n-®n-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv kwkvIm-c-Øn\v A\p-aXn t\Sm≥Ip∂wIpfØp \n∂pw ]Ø-\w-Xn´-bn¬ \n∂pw ]pØ≥Im-hn¬ \n∂pwsNß-∂q-¿ _tY¬ Ac-a-\-bn¬ \n∂pw {]ap-J-∑m¿ _mhmsb kao-]n-®Xv. sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS I_-d-S°w ac-Øw-tIm´v Xs∂ thW-sa∂v

206 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvIp∂w-IpfwImcpw, ]Ø\w-Xn-´-°m¿ AhnsS thW-sa-∂pw, ]pØ≥Imhp-Im¿sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n Ah-cp-tS-Xm-sW∂pw AXp-sIm≠v ]pØ≥Imhn¬thW-sa∂pw Ah-ImihmZw D∂-bn-®p. _mhm F√m-h-cp-sSbpw Ah-ImihmZ-߃ k{i≤w tIƒ°p-Ibpw Xncp-ta-\n°v sa{Xm-®s‚ arX-icocwImWm≥ AXn-bmb B{Klhpw bm{X sNøm≥ {]bm-k-hp-ap-≈XpsIm≠v icocw ac-Øw-tIm´v \n∂pw tIm´bw ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-bn¬sIm≠p h∂v {]m¿∞\ Ign®tijw ]pØ≥Imhv ]≈n-bn¬ Xs∂arX-tZlw AS-°-W-sa∂v _mhm {]Jym-]\w sNøp-Ibpw AXn-\-\p-kc-W-ambnac-Øw-tIm´v ]≈n-°mtcmSv icocw hn´psImSp-°m\pw]pØ≥Imhv ]≈n-°m¿°v ih-kw-kv°mcw apd-{]-Imcw ]pØ≥Imhv]≈n-bn¬ \S-Øm\pw Iev]\ sImSpØp. ]. _mhm-bpsS {]mbsØ]cn-K-Wn®pw sIm®pXncp-ta-\n-tbm-Sp≈ _mhm-bpsS ]p{X-\n¿hn-ti-j-ambhm’-eyhpw kvt\lm-Z-c-ßfpw IW-°n-se-SpØpw Ah-ImihmZ-߃F√mw sI´-Sßn. F√m-hcpw ac-Øw-tIm-t´°v {]bmWw XpS-ßn.]. _mhm-bpsS Xocp-am\{]Imcw arX-i-cocw _lp-aXn]q¿∆w At\-Im-bncw `‡-P-\-ß-fpsS AI-º-Sn-tbmSp IqsS ]g-b-sk-an-\mcn Nm∏en¬sIm≠ph∂p. _mhm icocw Npw_\w sNbvXv {]m¿∞\ \SØn,\Kcn ImWn-°¬ NS-tßmSp IqsS skan-\m-cn-tbmSpw, sshZn-I-tcmSpw,P\-ß-tfmSpw bm{X ]dv ]pØ≥Imhn¬ sIm≠pt]mbn. Ip∂w-IpfwapX¬ ]pØ≥Imhp hsc `‡P\-߃ Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-Sp≈ `‡m-Z-c-hp-I-ƒ {]Z¿in-∏n®p. ico-cw ]g-b-sk-an\mcn hn´p Hcp aWn-°q¿ Ign-t∏mƒ]. _mhm sk{I-´-dnsb hnfn®v ]dp ""\ap°v t]mbn sa{Xm-®s\ I_-d-S-°m-sa∂v.''icocw ]pØ≥Imhv ]≈n-bn¬ FØn-b-t∏m-tg°pw _mhm-bpwAhnsS sN∂p. I_-d-S° ip{iq-jbv°v t\XrXzw sImSpØv A∂p Xs∂aS-ßnt∏m∂p.Aßs\ ae-ck`bn¬ DS-\ofw bm{X-sNbvXv k`m-a-°ƒ°v B≤ymflnIssNX\yw ]I¿∂p sImSpØv kI-e-cpsSbpwkvt\lm-Z-c-߃ ]nSn®p]‰nb k¿∆m-Zc-Wo-b-\mb ]pØ≥Im-hn¬ sIm®pXncp-ta-\nbpsS]mZmchrµ-ß-fn¬ Iq∏pssI A¿∏n®vA\p-{K-ln-°-W-ta-sb∂v hn\o-X-ambn At]-£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw ""\oXn-ams‚ Hm¿Ω hmgvhn∂mbnXoc-s´'' F∂-\p-kva-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Hc-h-kcwIqSn \evInb Fs‚ Ab¬hm-knbpw kvt\-ln-X\pw k`mNcn-{X-Im-c-\p-amb sI. hn. amΩ-t\m-Sp≈ IrX-⁄X Adn-bn®pw Cu A\p-kva-c-W°p hncm-a-an-S-s´.dh. ^m. tUm.]n. kn. Cu∏≥

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 2072I¿Ω\ncX\mbalmNmcy≥]pØ≥Imhv sIm®pXncpta\nbpambn _meyw apXte ASpØnSs]´n´p≈ {]ikvX tUmIvSdmb tUm. ]n. hn. tImin (]q∏-≈n¬tlmkv]n‰¬, sNß∂q¿) Hc\pkvacWbn¬ Cßs\ ]dbp∂p:]pØ≥Imhn¬ Koh¿Kokv am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv Xncpta\nsb∏‰nHm¿°ptºmsg√mw ITn\m≤zm\tØmSp IqSnb At±lØns‚ hn{iaclnXamb PohnXamWv a\ n¬ hcp∂Xv. k`tbmSpw k`ma°tfmSpap≈ AXohkvt\lw \nanØamWv kmºØnI {]bmkßfpsS\Sphnepw ]eXc B≤ymflnI {]ÿm\ßfpw At±lw XpSßn h®Xpw]q¿ØoIcn®Xpw. BtcmKysØt∏mepw KWyam°msX apt∂m´pt]mbXp aqeamWv ssIbpsS taP¿ Hm∏tdj\pw imcocnIt¢i߃°pw hnt[b\mtI≠-n h∂-Xv._Y\nbpsS am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv doØnte°p t]mbt∏mƒ ]Icwh´t»cn¬ am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv Ct±lsØbmWv XncsSpØXpwskdmw]qcn¬ Ab®v Fw. F., _n. Un. ]Tn∏n®Xpw sa{Xmt∏meoØmÿm\tØ°v Db¿ØnbXpw. X∑qew Xncpta\n°v h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv ]nXrXpeyamb kvt\lmZchpIfpw At±lØns‚ PohnXhnip≤nsb∏‰n henb aXn∏pw D≠mbncp∂p. hnZymkº∂cmb \√sshZnI¿ k`bv°p≠mIWsa∂ B{KltØmSp IqSnbmWv ]Ø\wXn´bn¬ t_kn¬ Zbdm ÿm]n®Xv. AXnse ]e AwK߃ Ct∏mƒk`bpsS D∂XXeßfn¬ tim`n°p∂p.Bgamb Cw•ojv `mjm ]mfinXyØns‚ ^eambn sIm®pXncpta\n°p skdmw]qcn¬ h®v U_nƒ {]tamj≥ hsc In´n. ]m›mXyhnZym`ymkØns‚ ta∑ a\ nem°n At±lØns‚ \n¿_‘{]ImcamWv Rm≥ a{Zmkv {InkvXy≥ tImfPn¬ _n. Fkv. kn.bv°p]Tn®p ]mkmbXv. XncnsI h∂t∏mƒ Ft∂mSv ]pØ≥Imhv sat{Smt∏meoØ≥ kvIqfn¬ aq∂p amkw ]Tn∏n°Wsa∂p ]dp. F\n°vA[ym]I]cnioe\w C√t√m F∂p ]dt∏mƒ "AXp kmcan√ Rm≥c≠v Cw•ojv sSIvÃv _p°p Xcmw. AXp hmbn®n´v t]mbn ]Tn∏nt®m''F∂p \n¿t±in®p. kmºØnI sRcp°w aqe amhmw cPnÃdn¬ H∏n´p]Ww hmßm≥ \n¬°cpsX∂pw ]dp. Rm≥ sN∂t∏mƒslUvamÿ Bbncp∂ Fw. hn. G{_lmw Hcp hSn IqSn X∂p. ]t£

208 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvAXv A[nIw D]tbmKnt°≠n h∂n√. Aßs\ aq∂p amkw AhnsSCw•ojv ]Tn∏n®p (AXn\ptijw bmZrOnIambn kvIqfn¬ h∂ ]._tkentbmkv Koh¿Kokv ZznXob≥ _mhmbpsS A≤y£Xbn¬ Hcpbm{Xbb∏v In´n. B sslkv°qfnse BZysØ bm{Xbb∏v Bbncp∂pAXv. ]n∂oSv Xncpta\nbpsS ip]m¿i{]-Imcw saUnkn\p ]Tn°phm≥t]mbn. AXn\nSbnemWv At±lw BIkvanIambn A¥cn®Xv.efnXPohnX t{]anbmb At±lw km[mcW XpWn sIm≠p≈ Nph∂Ip∏mb ambncp∂p [cn®ncp∂Xv. sat{Smt∏meoØ≥ sslkv°qƒ]Wnbp∂ kabØv sskUvdqanemWv A¥n-D-dßn h∂Xv. tPmen°mscklmbn °p∂Xn¬ Xev]c\mbncp∂p. Hcn°¬ _tYensesI´nSØns‚ HmSv CSptºmƒ Ip∏mbØns‚ ssI Npcp´n h®p Ahscklmbn°p∂Xv Rm≥ sNß∂qcn¬ \n∂v I≠n´p≠v.am°mwIp∂nte°v an°hmdpw _knembncp∂p bm{X. HcmƒXncpta\ntbmSv CXp \ap°v Ipd®nemWt√m F∂p ]dt∏mƒ,ainlm Xºpcm≥ IgpX∏pdØmbncp∂p bm{X sNbvXncp∂sX∂pwAXpsIm≠v Rm≥ _kn¬ t]mIp∂Xv Ipd®nsem∂pw As√∂pw adp-]Sn ]dp. AXpt]mse \n›nX hcp-am\w C√mØh¿°v Im¿sabn‚bn≥ sNøm≥ H°pIbns√∂pw ]dp. At±lw Hcn°¬]dp: Our motto should be low living and high thinking.Fs‚ ]nXmhv ]q∏≈n¬ Ippambn Xncpta\n°pw, ]nXmhvIngt°Øebv°¬ hey®\pw IpSpw_mwK߃°pw henb kvt\l-_-‘ambncp∂Xn\m¬ CSbv°p Xncpta\n ho´n¬ hcnIbpw `£WwIgn°pIbpw k`mImcy߃ kwkmcn°pIbpw sNøpambncp∂p.Hcn°¬ h∂t∏mƒ am°mwIp∂p I≠n´pt≠m F∂p Ft∂mSp tNmZn®p.Cs√∂p ]dt∏mƒ "Imdn¬ Ibdnt°m. Rm≥ Atßm´pt]mIpIbmWv' F∂v ]dp. ]t£, CSbv°v tImbn{]Øv Hcpihkwkv°mcw \SØm\ps≠∂pw AXpIgnv t]mImw F∂pw]dp. At∏mƒ Rm≥ "F\n°v AhnsS Btcbpw ]cnNbw C√t√m''F∂p ]dt∏mƒ kuIcyw In´ptºmsgms° acW hoSpIfn¬t]mIWsa∂pw AXn\v _‘hpw ]cnNbhpw th≠ F∂pw adp]SnX∂p. ihaS°w Ignv R߃ am°mwIp∂n¬ sN∂t∏mƒ Fs∂t_kn¬ Zbdmbpw ImtXment°‰v sslkv°qfpw a‰pw sIm≠p\S∂pImWn®p. At±lamWt√m ImtXment°‰v tImfPns‚bpw ImcW`qX≥.BXpctkh\Ønep≈ Xm¬]cyw aqeamWv ]pØ≥Imhnse sk‚ vB≥{Uqkv tlmkv]n‰¬ Xncpta\n ÿm]n®Xv. Cu {]ÿm\ ßsfms°kmºØnI{]bmkßfpsS \Sphn¬ Fßs\ ]q¿Øo Icn°pw F∂vHcmƒ tNmZn®t∏mƒ "Dt±iyip≤nbpw ssZhm{ibhpw Ds≠n¬ GXpImcyhpw \S°pw' F∂p adp]Sn ]dp.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 209Nnet∏mƒ tPmen°m¿°v ]Ww \¬Im\n√msX "\msf Xcmw' F∂p]dbp∂ kµ¿`ßfn¬ "\√ ]mXncmbv°v Fs‚ A∏s‚ I√dbv°¬t]mbn {]m¿∞n°ptºmƒ ]nt‰Znhkw A¬`pXIcambn ]Ww FhnsS\ns∂nepw h∂ptNcpsa∂v'' Fs‚ ]nXmhnt\mSv ]dbp∂Xv Rm≥tI´n´p≠v. aeck`bn¬ Atßmfw Ctßmfw I¨h≥j≥{]kwKßfneqsS k`ma°sf kXyhnizmkØn¬ \ne \n¿Øp∂Xn\vhfsc {]bXv\n®ncp∂p. ckIcamb D]aIfneqsS bmbncp∂p ]eImcyßfpw ka¿∞n®ncp∂Xv. ]pØ≥Imhnse Hcp I¨h≥j≥{]kwKØn¬ amØs‚ {]m¿∞\sb°pdn®v At±lw ]cma¿in®p.amØ≥ Hcp aZy]\mbncps∂nepw {]m¿∞n°Wsa∂p \n¿_‘ap≠v.aZyelcnbn¬ ho´n¬ h∂Xn\ptijw cm{Xnbn¬ "I¿Ømth amØ≥CXm ae°p∂p' F∂p ]dn´v Ddßm≥ InS°pw. \ΩpsS {]m¿∞\AXpt]msebmImsX ssZhkm∂n≤y t_m[tØmSp IqSnkabsaSpØp {]m¿∞n°Wsa∂mbncp∂p ka¿∞n®Xv.as‰mchkcØn¬ ]pØ≥Imhnse I¨h≥j≥ {]kwKØn\nsS HcmƒCcp∂v Ddßp∂Xp I≠t∏mƒ "B XqtW¬ Nmcnbncp∂v Ddßp∂Bfnt\mSv IqSnbmWv Rm≥ ]dbp∂Xv' F∂dnbn®p. At∏mƒabßnbncp∂ F√mh¿°pw Hcp DW¿hv D≠mbn. {]kwKwXpSßptºmgpw CSbv°pw ""{][m\ ZqX≥ IpgeqXoSptºmƒ'',""tamN\aXn\mbv ]m]nIsf hcpho≥, bmNn∏o≥'', ""ap´pt∂m¿°vXpd∂oSpta \mY≥ X≥hmXn¬'' apXemb Bflob KoX߃ a[pcambn]mSpI ]Xnhmbncp∂p. ]pØ≥Imhp ]≈nbn¬ hcptºmƒ Rm\pwhnip≤ Ip¿∫m\bv°v IqSpambncp∂p. Hcp {]tXyI A\p`qXnbmbncp∂pAXv. At±lØns‚ kzcam[pcyw F√mhcpw BkzZn®ncp∂p.Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`bpsS Km\tImInew. hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\ IgnvssIapØns‚ kabØv "IcpW°Ste Rm≥ t\m°pw, tZhmX\bm F≥]m]w s]cpIn ]ngIƒ h¿≤n ®tøm' F∂ KoXw ]mSm\mbncp∂pIqSpX¬ Xm¬]cyw.Xncpta\n \√ A[ym]I≥ IqSnbmbncp∂p. siΩmi\mbn cp∂t∏mƒtIm´bØv Fw. Un. sslkv°qfn¬ ]Tn∏n®ncp∂p. Rm≥ ]pØ≥ImhvanUn¬ kvIqfn¬ ]Tn°ptºmƒ Xncpta\n amt\P¿ Bbncp∂p.Nnet∏mƒ AhnsS ¢mkn¬ h∂v tNmZy߃ tNmZn°p Ibpw icnbmbDØc߃ ]dp XcnIbpw sNbvXncp∂p. Rm≥ tImfPn¬ ]Tn°p∂Imew. A∂h[n°p hcptºmƒ Xncpta\nsb sN∂p ImWWsa∂p\n¿_‘ambncp∂p. XZhkcØn¬ ]e \√ ]pkvXI߃hmbn°phm≥ Xcpambncp∂p. Hcn°¬ Hcp ]pkvXI Øn¬ \n∂vXmsgs°mSpØncn°p∂ Hcp hmNIw Fs∂ ImWmsX ]Tn∏n®n´mWvhn´Xv. "Self knowledge, Self control and self respect, these three alone can

210 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvlead a man to sovereign power.' thsdmcp AhkcØn¬ Xoh≠nbm{Xbv°v t]mIptºmƒ Btcm Xncpta\n°p sImSpØ Hcp coolingglass F\n°p X∂p. bm{Xbv°p apºv Hcp I´≥Im∏nbpw ]men√mXncp∂Xn\m¬ s\sømgn®p Xcpambncp∂p.Be∏pg CShI°m¿ Hcp IjvSm\p`h BgvN ip{iqj \SØp∂Xn\v Xncpta\nsb £Wn®p. ]pØ≥Imhn¬ \n∂v Imdn¬ Xncpta\ntbmSp IqSn Fs‚ Hcp _‘phmb Iøme°IØv sI. Fw. tPm¿PpwRm\pw t]mbn. Xncpta\n ]≈nbnepw, Rm≥ A∏®s‚ tPyjvTktlmZc≥ ]q∏≈n Ip´nb®s‚ ho´nepw Xmakn®p. an°hmdpwZnhkßfnepw sshIn´v At±lsØ IpXnch≠nbn¬ IS∏pdtØ°vIpd®p hn{iaØn\p th≠n sIm≠pt]mIpw. Rm\pw IqsS ImWpw.Hcp Znhkw sshIn´v hnImcn Bbncp∂ sIm‰mØphnf tXmakvA®≥, Xncpta\nbpsS Im∏ t\m°nbt∏mƒ hfsc ]g°w sN∂XmsW∂p I≠p. At±lw AdnbmsX Hcmfns\ Ab®v ]mºmSnXncpta\nbpsS Hcp \√ Im∏ hcpØn. a\ n√ma\t msS AXv hnip≤Ip¿∫m\bv°v Bbn D]tbmKn®p. t]mcm≥ t\cw Be∏pg CShI°m¿Hcp \√ Im∏ kΩm\n®p.IjvSm\p`h BgvNbnse ip{iqjIƒ Ignv Xncpta\nsb Ah¿Ip´nb®s‚ tamt´m¿t_m´nemWv Xncn®v Ab®Xv. H∏w Fs‚ ]nXmhpwRm\pw D≠mbncp∂p. B‰n¬ Hgp°p≠mbncp∂Xn\m¬ t_m´n\pthKØn¬ t]mIm\mbn√. X∑qew hfsc sshIn cm{XnbmhpIbpwsNbvXp. I√nt»cn Cd∏pg°Shn\v Ipsd Xmsgh®v t_m´v \n∂pt]mbn.XpS¿∂v tPmen°m¿ Igpt°m¬ sIm≠v Du∂n hfsc _p≤nap´nCd∏pg°Shn¬ FØn. ]mXnc Ignn´p≠v. hml\߃ H∂pw In´msXXncpta\nbpw Rßfpw \S∂v s_tYen¬ sN∂p. A∂p cm{Xn AhnsSXmakn®p.km[mcW°mtcmSv AhcpsS coXnbn¬ CSs]´ncp∂Xn\m¬ At±lwPmXnaXt`Zsat\y F√mhcpsSbpw kvt\lmZc߃°v ]m{Xo`qX\mbn.B amXrImPohnXw \aps°∂pw {]tNmZ\hpwhgnIm´nbpambncn°s´. B {]m¿∞\ \ap°vtIm´bmbncn°s´.tUm. ]n. hn. tImin

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 2112B¿´nÃv t__nbpsS[\ykvacWIƒ{]ikvX B¿´nÃmb sNß∂q¿ t__n FgpXp∂p:aec Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`bpsS, ImXemb hnizmkkXy߃amt‰dp∂ hN\tLmjWßfm¬ k`bpsS Hc‰w apX¬ at‰ A‰whscbp≈hsc {]_p≤cm°nb ]oeIvknt\mkv Xncpta\n.AhiX]oUItfm¿°msXA¥yhn\mgnIhscbpw Xm≥ASn]XdmXnsl AScmSo˛Aw_ctKtl, hmßnt∏mbvAJntei≥ X∂psS he`mtK,aeck`m`mkpc≥ ]. h´t»cn¬ Zoh∂mtkymkv Xncpta\nbpsShewssIbmbncp∂ am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv, doØp≠m°n th¿]ncnImeL´w. ssZhlnXa\pkcn®p ]pØ≥Imhn¬ Ingt°Øebv°¬tXmΩm IØ\mcpsS (]cpae sIm®pXncpta\nbpsS injy≥) ZznXob]p{X\mb, KohdpKokv siΩmis\ t{]cn∏n®pw, tXmΩm IØ\mcpsSDt±iye£yßsf√mw \ncp’mls∏SpØnbpw, h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\naeck`bvs°mcp aWnapØns\ t\SnsbSpØp.k`bpsS `mkpc\cpfnb Iev]\sb ssIs°m≠pk`sb \bn°m\Xyp’mlsamSpw ˛ angnthmSpwImtXmenIamw hnizmkssÿcyw R߃°mbv \¬InB ]pWyt«mIs‚ A]Zm\ßsf At\Iw t]¿ A\pZn\w kvacn°p∂p. k`ma°ƒ, B [\y\maw Hcp \mfpw hnkvacn°n√.`‡n°pw emfnXyØn\pw D∂Xamb BZ¿iØn\pw A¥ywhsc{]apJ ÿm\w \¬Inb I¿ΩtbmKnbmbncp∂p sIm®pXncpta\n.A\pZn\w t\cnSp∂ {]Xnk‘nIƒ {]m¿∞\bvs°m∏w ssZhXncpapºmsI ka¿∏n®v At±lw ]cnlcn®p h∂p.A¿≤cm{XnbpsS bmaßfn¬, A{ips]mgn®vBhiy`mc߃ ASnbdshbv°pw\Sp\nibn¬ kIe NcmNchpw\n{Zbnem≠p abßptºmƒNpaeXntednb h≥ISaItf,

212 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv£WsamSp \ndth‰oSm\mbv]c\psS khnt[ kmjvSmwKwIcaXp amdneSn®p Ic˛XnhyYsbmSp bmNnt®m\mwhµy]nXmth Xncpta\n\n∂psS bmN\ R߃°`bw]cpae sIm®pXncpta\nsb, ]cnip≤\mbn {]Jym]n°pwapºv,At±lØns‚ \maØn¬ ÿm]n®, _tY¬ ]≈n, ]cnip≤k`bpsSs]mXpkzØmbpw sNß∂q¿ `{Zmk\tI{µw Bbpw ]cnekn°p∂p.Xncpta\nbpsS A[c]pSßfn¬ \n∂v DXn¿∂phoW Bcm[\mKoXßfpsS, BkzmZ\m\p`h߃ B¿s°ms° e`n®n´pt≠m,Ah¿s°√mw AsXmcp [\ykvacWbmbn \ne\n¬°p∂p.sIm®pXncpta\nbpsS Zo¿Lho£Ww AXy¤pXIcambncp∂p.]Ø\wXn´ ImtXment°‰v tImfPv, ]pØ≥Imhv sat{Smt∏meoØ≥sslkv°qƒ, ASqcn\SpØv ]d¥¬ sk‚ v tPm¿Pv Nm∏¬, Cchnt]cq¿ Bip]{Xn, HmXd Zbdm, sNß∂q¿ _tY¬ Nm∏¬ apXembhs]mXp k`bv°p th≠n ImtXment°‰ns‚ t]cnemWv kºmZn®ncn°p∂Xv.k`mt\XrXzw Hcp kabØv kwibZrjvSntbmsS Xncpta\nsb\nco£n®ncp∂p. ImcWw hn{iaan√msX Hcp sIm®psa{Xm®≥ HmSn\S∂v t\Sp∂sXms° Fßs\bmbnØocpw F∂v Nn¥n®hcp≠v.Ah¿s°√mw alØmb amXrI e`n®Xv Imew sNbvXtijwXncpta\nbpsS Ubdn°pdn∏v ]cntim[n®t∏mgmWv.At±lw [cn®ncp∂ Nph∂ tfmlbpsS s\©p]Snbn¬ IpØnh®ncp∂ t]\ t]mepw ImtXmen°m knwlmk\Øns‚ kzØmbn´vtcJs∏SpØnbncp∂p.A\h[nbmfpIsf A\hcXw t\Sn˛k`bpsS tImWpIfn¬ tim`sbgpw sshZnIcm°n]cn]mh\amw ]≈nIfpw\nch[n hnZymimeIfpwt\SnsbSpsØmcm˛´nSbm\nt∂m¿Ω hmgvhmbv ˛ XocWta!Xncpta\n PohnXImeØv Hcmƒ°p am{Xta sshZnI]´w sImSpØn´p≈q. ZnhwKX\mb hmgap´Øv _: tPmjzm A®≥. Ct∏mƒAtacn°bnep≈ ]n. Fkv. iapth¬ A®≥, _tYen¬ 50 h¿jwamt\Pcmbncp∂ ZnhwKX\mb ]penapJØv ]n. Pn. tPm¿÷®≥,ZnhwKXcmb _: fm°qc®≥, K{_ntb¬ A®≥, Imew sNbvX Zm\n-

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 213tb¬ am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv Xncpta\n, \mcßm\Øv tXmakv A®≥,Ct∏mgsØ butk_ntbmkv Xncp-ta\n apXembh¿ sIm®pXncpta\nbpsS Bflob BI¿jW hebØnseØn ]n∂oSv sshZnI]Zhnt\Sn tim`n®hcmWv. ]mØmap´Øv Ipdnbmt°mkv dºm≥, Xncphm tmSvKohdpKokv dºm≥ CS\m´p _¿…o_m dºm≥ Chsc√mw _tY¬Aca\bn¬ Zo¿LImew At¥hmknIfmbncp∂p.IqSpX¬ t]¿°v F¥mWv ]´w sImSp°mØsX∂v Hcn°¬tNmZn®t∏mƒ tbmKyXbp≈ X° Bscnepw htct≠ F∂mWvXncpta\n adp-]Sn ]dXv.]. ]cpae Xncpta\n Imh¬ ]nXmhmb cwKw_tY¬ Nm∏¬ IqZmitbmS\p_‘n®p≈ hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\bv°vHSphnembn _kvap¬t°m kabØv ""\n∂mƒ kvXpXnsbmSp ˛ cmPaIƒ''F∂ ioepIƒ sNm√n Hcpt]menßpw am¿ {KotKmdntbmkv F∂vXncpta\nbpsS \mhn¬ \n∂pw DXn¿∂p hoWp._tYens‚ Imh¬]nXmhmbn ]cpae sIm®pXncpta\nbpsS \mawA\z¿∞ambn (ssZhamXmhns‚bpw, «ol∑mcpsSbpw, ]cnip≤∑mcpsSbpw \maØnemWt√m tZhmeb IqZmi ]q¿Ønbm°p∂Xv).]d¥¬ ]≈n KohdpKokv klZmbpsS \maØn¬ ]pØ≥Imhn¬Xncpta\n IqZmi sNbvXXmWv. At±lhpw KohdpKokv am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv F∂ \mat[bap≈bmfmWv._tYen¬ Hcp t]menßpw tam¿ ......... KohdpKokv F∂p sNm√p∂Xn\p ]Icw, {KotKmdntbmkv F∂v sNm√nt∏mbXmWv. Cu kabw]cpae sIm®pXncpta\nsb k` ]cnip≤\mbn {]Jym]n®n´n√mbncp∂p.]n∂osS¥p≠mbn, ]pØ≥Imhnse sIm®psa{Xm®\v Hcp ]nghv]nWp. ]cpae Xncpta\nsb Imh¬]nXmhmbn sNm√nt∏mbn. AXvsIm≠v Hcp ]cnip≤ ]Zhn \¬In ]cpae Xncpta\nsb ]cnip≤ \m°mwF∂p IcpXnbn√.]ns∂tbm? A\h[n sXfnshSp∏neqsS, aec F∏nkvtIm∏¬kp∂ltZmkn\v t_m≤yamb tijw, ]n∂oSv At±lsØ ]cnip≤\mbn {]Jym]n®p. At∏mƒ ]pØ≥Imhn¬ sIm®pXncpta\n °p≠mb{]tNmZ\w FhnsS \n∂mbncp∂p.IWniambpw ]cpae sIm®pXncpta\n, ]pØ≥Imhn¬ sIm®pXncpta\nbpsS \mhn¬ IqSn \n¿§fn® B CucSn ]cpae ]cnip≤s‚AZriym\p{Klambncp∂p.At∏mƒ _tY¬ ÿm]I\pw, Imh¬ ]nXmhpw, sIm®pXncpta\nÿm\w Aecn®hcmbncp∂p.

214 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvImew sNbvX ]pWy]nXm°∑mcpsS A\p{Klkm∂n≤ywa≤yÿXbneqsS e`yamIp∂ D±njvSImcykn≤nIƒ Gh¿°pwA\p`hthZyamWv. P\߃ kwXr]vXn t\Sp∂pap≠v.aZv_lm ]Wn kabØv, ta¬°qcbmbn \mev]Xv XSn Igp t°m¬,Dt±iw 20 ASn \ofØn¬ apIfn¬ Hcp XmgnI°pSØn¬ sNepØp∂kabØv _elo\amb ]Sßv sNcnv sI´pIƒ s]m´n I√≥apfIƒHSnp. A\h[n tPmen°mtcmsSm∏w sXm´pXmsg I≠Ønte°v 50Igpt°mepw XmgnI°pShpw, takvXncnamcpw, ssa°mSpImcpw klnXwXI¿∂v Xmtg°v Ncnbp∂p. apIfnep≈h¿ ho¿∏S°n kvXw`n®v Rm∂pInS°p∂p.Xmsg \n¬°p∂h¿ apIfntem´v Icßfpb¿Øn ssZhta,Xncpta\ntb, F∂v A´lkn®p. Nne¿ abßn hoWp. Nne¿ {`m¥∑msct∏mse Aedn°cbp∂p.40 Igpt°mepw, aIpShpw, tPmen°mcpw klnXw Ncnv I≠Øntebv°v ]Sßv HSnphogmdmb B kabw, BcpsS ssIØmßvAhnsS D≠mbn. _elo\\mb Rm\pw ZrIvkm£nbmWv. ssZhnIm\p{KlØm¬, Cu c≠p ]nXm°∑mcpsS al\ob km∂n≤yw AhnsSbp≠mbncp∂p. kwiban√. Hcp]t£, ]e¿ acnt°≠Xmbncp∂p. Hcpt]mdtem, Hcp Xp≈n tNmc s]mSnbpItbm sNøm\nSbmbn√.Cu hnhcWØns‚ kmcw Fs¥∂m¬ ]cpae Xncpta\nsbaeck`, ]cnip≤\mbn {]Jym]n°p∂Xn\v apºp Xs∂, CutemIØn¬, AYhm aeck`bn¬ ]cpae Xncpta\nbpsS \maØn¬BZyambn ÿm]n® tZhmebw sNß∂q¿ _tY¬ sk‚ v{KntKmdntbmkv ]≈n BWv. CXn\p ImcW°mc≥ CXns‚ ÿm]I\mb kvacy]pcpj\pw.Bcpw ]qIm≥ hnapJX Im´nb ]pXbemanSwBcpw t\m°n kvXpXn ]mSpt∂mcp t_YmembnC√mbvaIƒ A\h[n, AXmbXv Zn\NcyIƒ°v t]mepw, th≠{XkuIcyßfn√msX, ]iaÆpw, sImXpIp ieyhpw, Zp¿K‘hpap≈ CuCu¿∏ÿeØv, Hmeta sjÕn\IØv aPnkvt{S´v Ccn°p∂nSwtImSXn, F∂ t]mse, sIm®psa{Xm®≥ hkn°p∂nSw Aca\bmbnAdnbs∏´p. F∂m¬ AhnSp∂v Cu aÆn¬ A\h[n t]mcmbvaItfmSpIqSn hkn®p. B t]mcmbvaIƒ kln°pItb \nhrØnbp≈t√m.]t£! Hcp Imcyw kXyamWv.]pØ≥Imhn¬ sIm®pXncpta\n, Imew sNøpwhscbpw a\xkam[m\tØmSp IqSn am{Xta Cu aÆn¬ Ignncp∂p≈q.AhnSp∂v A¥nbpdßnbncp∂ Cu al¬ ÿm]\w ssiihmh

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 215ÿbn¬ Bbncp∂ kabØv At±lw Aw_ctKtl hmßnt∏mbn.Fnepw, Cu ÿm]\Øns‚ \mfnXp hscbp≈ ]ptcmKXnbpsSkm≤yXIfnse√mw Xncpta\nbpsS a≤yÿXbp≠v.AhnSpsØ I_dnSw ]pØ≥Imhneps≠nepw B Pohs‚ XpSn∏v_tYens‚ ]cnkcØv ]cnh¿Øn°p∂p. B ]mZkv]¿iw G‰ CuaÆv s]m∂mWv.aeck`bpsS aIpSØnse amWnIyw t]mse Cu ÿm]\w {]`hnXdpw. BbXn\v {]m¿∞n°mw.Xs‚ I¿Æm\µIcamb Bflob Km\mem]\߃ sIm≠pBcm[IhrµsØ apgph≥, Bflob kmKcØn¬ BdmSn®Km\tImIneambncp∂p sIm®pXncpta\n.Xncpta\o Xh \mhnepXn¿t∂mcm KoX߃Xmf˛{ipXneb ˛ h¿Æßfnse∂pw ˛ RßfpsSImXpIƒ tI´ XcwKßfm¬Icfn≥ X{¥nIƒ ao´p∂p.hfsc Xf\n›bap≈ Hcp kwKoX⁄≥ F∂ t]mse Bcm[ I¿]mSp∂ KoX߃, Xmfw sX‰n F∂v sNdnb tXm∂¬ h∂m¬, DSs\ssIbpb¿Øn BwKyw Im´n ]m´pIƒ \ndpØn® tijw Xncpta \nXs∂ ho≠pw CucSnIƒ XpSßpw. A∂p tI´ Xmf t_m≤yw C∂pwa\ nep≠v. ]t£, Ct∏mgpw, KoX߃, c≠p X´mbn ˛ G‰°pd®ntemSp IqSn X´nhnSp∂Xv tIƒ°ptºmƒ, A∂sØ B \njvI¿jX, B Xmft_m[w Hm¿Øpt]mIpw.A≥]pStbms\ hmgvØnb \n≥ KoX߃CºaXmbv \n≥, a°fn¬ \o h¿jn®pRßsf hn´pbtc, t]mbmepwCßnhcn¬ \n∂psS Km\kp[,tIƒ°p∂p ˛ ]pfIaWn ˛ pƒ°mºn≥ kvacWIfn¬At±lsØ t\cn¬ ImWpIbpw, B A[c]pSßfn¬ DXn¿Ø XmbKm\iIe߃ tI´v, Bflob elcnbn¬ BdmSpIbpw sNbvXn ´p≈At\Iw k`ma°ƒ C∂pw Pohn®ncn∏p≠v.\mfnXphsc B i_vZhoNnIƒ a‰mcn¬ \n∂pw AtX]Sn {ihn°phm≥ Ignn´n√.AsXmcp ]cakXyw BWv. A°meØv tS∏v dn°m¿U¿ D≠mbncpt∂m F∂dnbn√. Bscnepw dn°m¿Uv sNøm≥ {ian®XmbpwAdnhn√. Aßs\sbmcp kwhn[m\w A∂v sNbvXncp∂p Fn¬C∂Ø Xeapdbv°v AsXmcp apX¬°q´mIpambncp∂p. At±lw

216 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvA¿∏n®n´p≈ hnip≤ _ensb°pdn®v Hm¿°ptºmƒ, angnIƒ Cud\WnbpIbmWv.c≠p IhnfpIfn¬ IqSnbpw IÆo¿NmepIƒ Hgp°ns°m≠v hnip≤Ip¿∫m\bn¬ sNm√p∂ "ssZhta Ft∂mSpØcacpfn sNøWta! ˛A\n≥ samdntbm ˛ F∂ KZvKZ]q¿Æamb At]£ GsXmcpinemlrZbsØbpw hnßns∏m´pamdv timIm¿{Zam °pambncp∂p.\nd `‡nbpw, efnXamb PohnXhpw D∂Xamb BZ¿i[ocXbpw, AN©eamb Zo¿LhojWhpw, hneaXn°m\mhmØ_p≤ni‡nbpw, kckKw`ocamb {]kwK]mShhpw. CucSnIfpsSAIºSntbmSp IqSnb {]kwKßfpw Xs‚ ]mfinXytadnb ]ZiIe߃ \nd hmKvt[mcWnIfpw ^enXck {][m\amb D]aIfpwR߃s°mcp\mfpw ad°m≥ ]‰pIbn√.amXr`mjbnepw, BwKteb`mjbnepw {]mhoWyw t\Snb {]Xn`m[\\mb Xncpta\n, Hcp hn⁄m\`fimKmcambncp∂p. Bibmhnjv°mc߃ t{imXm°ƒ°v, a\x]mTamIpw hn[w, CcpØn Nn¥n ∏n°pwhn[w DPzeambncp∂p. am°mwIp∂v, \nebv°¬ I¨h≥ j\pIfmsIXncpta\nbpsS Bibmhnjv°mckwcw`ßfmbncp∂p.C∂pw P\lrZbßfn¬ {]I-º\w sIm≈n-°p∂ aebmf at\mcabpsS ]{Xm[n]cmbncp∂ amΩ≥ am∏nf Xncpta\nsb ImWm≥ hcptºmƒ, tXmfn¬ AWnncp∂ Ikhp t\cyXv FSpØv Acbv°v sI´nam{Xta, ssIapØnbn´p≈q.]cpae sIm®pXncpta\n PohnXImeØpw Imew sNbvXtijhpwAt]£IcpsS a≤yÿ{]m¿∞\bv°v D±njvS^ew e`n°pamdv{]m¿∞n°p∂p≠mbncp∂p. F∂m¬, ]pØ≥Imhn¬ sIm®pXncpta\nbpsS PohnXImeØpw Imew sNbvXtijhpw \S∂Xmb NneA¤pXkw`h߃ kXyk‘ambn ChnsS Ipdn°s´.]pØ≥Imhv sat{Smt∏men‰≥ sslkv°qfns‚ ]SnmdphiØvHcp πmhv \n∂ncp∂p. AXns‚ Hcp inJcw kvIqfns‚ apIfnembn]S¿∂p ]¥en®p InS∂p. B inJcw kvIqfn\]ISw D≠m°psa∂vI≠ Xncpta\n, B inJcw H∂p apdn®pam‰nbm¬ \∂mbncp∂p F∂vDSaÿt\mSp ]dp. DSs\ DSaÿ≥ ]dp. "Xncpta\n AXn¬t`Zw Fs‚ aIs‚ IgpØv apdn°Wsa∂v ]dbp∂XmWv.' CXptI´vZpxJ`mctØmSp IqSn Xncpta\n henb]≈nbpsS ]SnIƒ Nhn´n]≈nbn¬ Ibdn au\{]m¿∞\ \SØn. Im‰pw, agbpw C√msX Xs∂πmhns‚ apIfn¬ \n∂ Hcp imJ HSnv, XmgsØ Iºn¬ hoWp.c≠p inJcßfpw sIm®pXncpta\n Bhiys∏´ inJcØn¬ ]Xn®pXmsg hoWp. Hcp inJcØn\v ]Icw aq∂v inJc߃ HSnphoWp.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 217Hcp HmSp t]mepw s]m´nbn√. hmfpsIm≠v AdpØv FSpØp am‰nbt]mse inJc߃°v ÿm\{`wiw D≠mbn.as‰mcp kw`hwFs‚ sIm®∏\v Hcn°¬ hnj`bw G‰p. th{µ≥ F∂ D{K hnjap≈]mºmWv ISn®sX∂v HmXd \n∂p h∂ "Im´qcmim≥' F∂ {]kn≤hnjlmcn ]dp.tcmKnbpsS icocØn¬ \oe\ndw hym]n®v hmbn¬°qSn \pcbpw,]Xbpw Hgp°n t_m[w sI´p. c≠paq∂p KpfnI _‘s∏´hsc Gev]n®vtXßm]men¬ Dc®v tcmKn°p \¬Im≥ ]dtijw sshZy≥aSßnt∏mIms\mcpßn ]Snbndßn. t]mIpwhgn hnfn®p sIm≠ph∂Bfnt\mSv Bcpw tIƒ°msX sshZy≥ ]dp. ""Rm≥ an{X∏pg°ShvIS∂v A°sc FØptºmtgbv°pw Cu tcmKn acn°pw.''Cu hnhcw Im´pXo t]mse ]c∂p. \nehnfnbpw, amdØSnbpwDb¿∂p. BI∏msS Hcp acWho´nse {]XoXn. Cu kabw Ct∏mƒbqWnthgvk¬ saUn°¬ tÃm¿ Ccn°p∂ ÿm\Øv ]qhØqscs]t{Smƒ ]ºn\p apºn¬ sIm®pXncpta\n Imdn¬ s]t{SmfSn °m\mbnFØn. XpºaÆn\p t]mIm\mbn h∂XmWv. Xncpta\nbpsS Imdv I≠vHmSn ASpØ Fs‚ tPyjvTktlmZc≥ \S∂ kw`hw Xncpta\ntbmSp]dp.h≠n Ãm¿´v sNbvXv t]mIms\mcpßnb ss{Uh¿ AΩmfp tN´t\mSvXncpta\n Iev]n®p: "Imdv sskUntem´v am‰n \n¿Øv.' Imdn¬ \n∂vCdßn Xncpta\n \S∂v imkvXmw]pdw am¿°‰n\p≈n¬ IqSn tcmKnbpsS`h\ap‰sØØn. At∏mtg°pw Nph∂ Ip∏mba Wnv ]pØ≥Imhn¬sIm®pXncpta\n Im¬\Sbmbn am¿°‰n\p ≈neqsS \S∂pt]mIp∂XvI≠h¿ I≠h¿ Iq´ambn `h\Øn seØn. henb Bƒ°q´w.Xncpta\n Ipcniphc®v {]m¿∞n®p. AXn\ptijw ""IcpW°SteRm≥ t\m°pw'' F∂ KoXØns‚ Ahkm\hcnIƒ Ic-f-enbpwhn[wXncpta\nbpsS A\p{Kln°s∏´ \mhneqsS HgpIn:""F≥ ]m]Øn¬ Rm≥ NmIm\nSbmIcpXtøm \mYm,F≥ _mjv]߃ sNmcnoSp∂nt∏mƒAPtam, amtSm, sNßmentbm, Ipdp{]mhn≥ IppßsftbmImgvNbXmbn´¿∏n°p∂nt√˛siaHm≥ X≥ `ht\ h∂ ˛ ]m]nkv{Xo t]m¬ CcpXp≈nIÆo¿ Is≠≥ta¬ Zb tXm∂Wta..........P\-ßfpw G‰p]mSn. B ho´pap‰w Hcp ssZhnI ]cnthjØm¬{]IminXambn.

218 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvXncpta\nbpsS lrZbkv]r°mb {]m¿∞\ ssZhwXºpcm≥ tI´p. \oe\ndwamdn tcmKn IÆpXpd∂p.P\ßsf√mw ssZhsØ kvXpXn®p. tcmKn c£s∏´p.hnjw Cdßntbm Ft¥m?]n∂oSv Ggp h¿jw sIm®∏≥Pohn®ncp∂p. CXnt\mSIwHmXd hnjsshZy≥ acn®p.B kw`htØmSp IqSn"IcpW°Ste' F∂p≈ ]m´vhenb {]NmcØnembn. Xncpta\nbpsS a≤yÿX ssZhwtIƒ°pw.F∂m¬ Xncpta\nF\n°p \¬Inb AZriyamb A\p{Klw hnhcn°msXXcan√. ]pØ≥Imhv I_dnSw]pXp°n∏Wnbp∂ kabw.hSt»cyØv K{_ntb¬ ]pØ≥Imhv I_¿ apdnbnse sIm®pA®\m bncp∂p A∂sØ Xncpta\nbpsS ]mZw hscbp≈]≈n hnImcn. I_dn¬ Zo¿LImb Nn{XwXncpta\nbpsS hSnbpw apSnbpw, IdpØ Ip∏mbhp ap≈ Nn{Xwÿm]n®n´p≠v.Fs‚ Kpcpÿm\ob\mb, ]tcX\mb B¿´nÃv F≥. F≥. \ºym¿hc® Nn{Xw Bbncp∂p. AXp hen∏ap≈X√. Im¬ap´p htc D≈q.AXn\m¬ ]mZw hscbp≈ ]q¿ÆImbNn{Xw thWsa∂v ]dp.]t£ A®s‚ hyhÿ C{]Imcw Bbncp∂p. Xncpta\nsb Ghcpwkm[mcW akv\]vkm inc n¬ [cnt® I≠n´p≈q, IqSmsX ssIbn¬AwihSn ]nSn®v \n¬°bpw thWw. Rm≥ Ipgßn, Nn¥m °pg∏Ønembn. Ddßpwapºv {]m¿∞\mat≤y Cu Imcyw Hm¿Øv {]m¿∞n®p.Dd°Øn¬ Rm≥ Hcp kz]v\w I≠p. AXn{]ImcamWv. tXtPmab\mbn ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®pXncpta\n, Awihkv{X߃ AWnv(Ip¿∫m\ Im∏ AWnv) inc n¬ akv\]vkmbpw, heXpssIbn¬…o_mbpw CSXp ssIbn¬ AwihSnbpw G¥n \n¬°p∂ Z¿i\wD≠mbn. Aßs\ ]pØ≥Imhv I_¿ apdnbn¬ sIm®pXncpta\nbpsS

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 219]mZw hscbp≈ Zo¿LImb Nn{Xw FgpXn ÿm]n®p.A`nhµy Xncpta\n aeck`bpsS A`nam\`mP\ambncp∂p.B≤ymflnI tPXmhmbncp∂p. Bcm≤y\mb A`n jn‡\mbncp∂p.A\¿§f KoXßfp Xn¿Ø amwkf aWnhoWbmbncp∂p. ssZhnIa¿Ωßsf A\phmNIcn¬ th≠hn[w AhXcn∏n°phm≥, Xs‚hmIvt[mcWnbm¬ Ignncp∂ ˛ aeck`bpsS kXyhnizmk Øns‚s]mcpfpIƒ Cg]ncnbmsX tIm¿ØnW°n k`ma°sf D¬_p≤cm°nb˛ I¿ΩtbmKnbmbncp∂p sIm®pXncpta\n.]nXmth, AßbpsS a≤yÿX R߃°v tIm´bmbncn°s´.sNß∂q¿ t__n

220 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv3ImtXment°‰v sslkv°qƒBZy_m®nse Hcp "]øs‚'adhnsXmSmØ kvacW]Ø\wXn´ ImtXment°‰v sslkv°qƒ 1931 ˛¬ Bcw`n®t∏mƒBZy_m®n¬ AhnsS tN¿∂p ]Tn® Ce¥q¿ kn. hn. tPm¨ tIm¿F∏nkvtIm∏m Hc`napJkw`mjWØn¬ Cßs\ ]dp:]Ø\wXn´ am°mwIp∂v CShI hnImcn sXßpwXdbn¬ KohdpKokvtIm¿F∏nkvtIm∏mbpw, ÿesØ Nne {]amWnIfpw amt\Pcmb]pØ≥Imhp sIm®pXncpta\nbpw a‰pw hfsc IjvSs∏´pw {]Xnk‘nIƒt\cn´pw {ia߃ \SØnbpamWp ImtXment°‰v sslkv°qfn\v A\phmZwe`n®Xv.]. KohdpKokv c≠m-a≥ _mhm sX°≥ {]tZißfn¬ ]cyS\w\SØptºmgpw t\csØ sa{Xm\mbn cp∂t∏mgpw ]Ø\wXn´bn¬hcptºmƒ Xmakn°m≥ ]≈n°SpØp≈ am°mwIp∂n¬ c≠p apdnbp≈Hcp sI´nSw (Aca\) \n¿Ωn®ncp∂p. Aca\°v Ing°pw ]Snmdpambnc≠p hcm¥Ifpw hS°v Hcp lmfpw D≠mbncp∂p. B sI´nSØnemWv1931˛¬ \memw t^mdw Bcw`n°p∂Xv. ]e CShI°m¿ InWp]cn{ian®Xns‚ ^eambn´mWv F, _n, F∂o c≠p Unhnj\n¬]Tn∏n°m\p≈ Ip´nIsf In´nbXv.sI. Pn. sNdnbm≥, F≥. Pn. Ipcy≥, ]n. C. sNdnbm≥, kn. kn. amΩ≥,Sn. Fkv. hdpKokv, Fw. sP. tPm¿÷v, hn. Pn. kJdnbm, hn. Pn. tXmakv,^m. sI. sF. hdpKokv, Sn. Fkv. hdp-Kokv F∂o {]K¬`cmbA[ym]IcpsS t\XrXzØnemWv kv°qƒ {]h¿Ø\w Bcw`n®Xv. sI.Pn. sNdnbm\mbncp∂p slUvamÿ.kv°qƒ A\pZn\w hf¿∂p. ]pXnb ¢mkpIfpw Unhnj\pIfpwsI´nSßfpw th≠n h∂p. sI´nSw ]WnIƒ°p ap≥KW\ sImSpØp. sXm´pap≥hiØp≈ ÿew \nc∏m°n Ip‰n ASn®p ]Wn XpSßn. hm\Øns‚hoXnbpw Bghpw hfsc hepXmbncp∂p. A∂sØ hnZym¿∞nIfmbRßfpw {iaZm\ Ønte¿s∏´p. Xncpta\nbpw IqsS ]Wnbm\p≠v.Aßs\bncns° Hcp Znhkw R߃ Xncpta\ntbmSp tNmZn®p. "Cu ÿewsh´pI√p≈XmWv. ]md t]mse Dd®Xpw. ]ns∂ F¥n\mWv C{X hfscBgØnepw hoXnbnepw hm\w FSp°p∂Xv.' AXn\p Xncpta\n,"\n\s°ms° F¥dnbmsaSm. Hcp kabØv CXv tImfPmSm. A∂v CXn\papIfn¬ \neIƒ hcpsaSm. A∂v Cu hm\w s]mfn°mXncn°m\mSm C∂v

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 221C{X hoXnbnepw BgØnepw Cu hm\w FSp°p∂Xv' F∂v adp]Sn ]dp.lmkycoXnbn¬ "N° IpØn°mWn®mWv' ]dXv. B sI´nS kap®bw25 h¿jw Ignt∏mƒ tIcfØnse Hcp {]apJ tImfPmbn ]ptcmKan®p.t\m°sW! Hcp `mKyhms‚ {]hN\ ]q¿Øn.]pXnb kv°qƒ sI´nSwDØcw h®p Igpt°m¬ Cd°n ]´nI Xd°m\p≈ ip`aplq¿Øw h∂ptN¿∂p. tabm\p≈ HmSv sIm≠p h∂p sabn≥ tdmUn¬ sXßpwXdbn¬KohdpKokv tIm¿F∏nkvtIm∏mbpsS aI≥ tPm¿÷v A®mbs‚ (Ct∏mƒ106 hbkp≠v) ISbv°p apºn¬ \nc\ncbmbn ASp°nbncn°p∂p. F´caWnbm Iptºmƒ Xncpta\n AhnsS h∂ncn°pw. AXn\p apS°an√.hnZym¿∞nIfmb R߃ AhnsS hcptºmƒ Xncpta\n RßtfmSv "\ns‚]pkvXIw Rm≥ kvIqfn¬ sIm≠p h∂p Xcmw. Hcp Imcyw sNøv. c≠vHmSp IqSn sIm≠p t]m.' Xncpta\n Xs∂ RßfpsS Xebn¬ HmSp h®pXcpw. R߃ AXpw NqSn Xncpta\nbn¬ \n∂pw RßfpsS ]pkvXIhpwhmßns°m≠p t]mIpw. ]WnÿeØp sN√ptºmƒ Xebn¬ \n∂vHmSnd°m≥ Bfp≠mhpw. ]t£ NoIn an\p°n h∂ RßfpsS apSnh√mXmhpw. Aßs\ HmSp apgph≥ Hcp Imipw sNehn√msX ]Wn ÿeØpsNs∂Øp∂p. Cu \bkao]\hpw Imcykm[y{]m]vXnbpw F{Xt]¿°p≠v.{Un¬ ]ocnbUn¬ Xncpta\n ]dbpw "hymbmaw thWsa∂√m Xpt≠m.AXn\p Rm≥ ]Wn Xcmw.' ""hogt√, tIdv Cu sI´nSØns‚ apIfn¬.''R߃ Ibdn Igpt°m¬ Cd°n ]´nI Xd®v B ]Wnbpw ]q¿Ønbm°n.HmSnSoepw R߃ Xs∂ \n¿hln ®p. Aßs\ ckap≈ X{¥ßfn¬ IqsSsNbvXp F∂ NmcnXm¿∞yw R߃ °p≠v. RßtfmSp≈ \µnXncpta\n°pw. ImtXment°‰v satΩm dnb¬ Cw•ojv sslkv°qƒ F∂t]cn¬ XpSßnb B hnZymebw ImtXment°‰v sslkv°qƒ F∂ t]cn¬Adnbs∏´p XpSßn. ]n∂mse ImtXment°‰vtImfsP∂pw.Cu a[pckvacWIƒ F√mw PohnXkmbm”Øn¬ hfsc kt¥mjw {]Zm\w sNøp∂pF∂s{X 90 Ign BtcmKyhm\mbtIm¿F∏nkvtIm∏m A®≥ c≠p amkw apºv]pXp∏≈nbnep≈ Xs‚ acpaI≥ tUm. kn. sP.tdmbnbpsS ho´n¬ h®p sI. hn. amΩt\mSvHc`napJkw`mjWØn¬ ]dXv. kw`mjWwAhkm\n∏n® t∏mƒ kt¥mjNnØ\mb Bhµyhtbm[nIs‚ apJØv Hcp Nt{µmZbw Xs∂ImWm\mbn.Ce¥q¿ kn. hn.tPm¨ tIm¿ F∏nkvtIm∏m

222 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv4]pØ≥Imhn\p\jvSambXv HcpImtXmen°mFw. C. AeIvkm≠¿ AhncmØcI≥ ]oSnIbn¬ ]pØ≥ImhvHc\pkvacWbn¬ Cßs\ ]dbp∂p:]pØ≥Imhv sIm®pXncpta\n Rßfn¬ \n∂v ]ncnn´v 54h¿jambn. AhnSpsØ ambmØ cq]w a\ n¬ I≠v ]gbImekvacWIƒ ]pXp°s´. c≠p h¿j°mew Xncpta\nbpambn H∂n®pXmakn°phm≥ F\n°p km[n®p. Fs∂ B Znhkw hnfn∏n®v "Rm≥a{Zmkn¬ NnIn’bv°v t]mhpIbmWv. \o AhnsS s]mtXen¬ (AYhmC∂sØ _tYen¬) h∂p Xmakn°Ww.' Rm≥ kΩXn®p.]Sn∏pcbv°¬ Ip∏nsb hnfn®v {SÃn ÿm\w Gev]n®p. ]eAkpJßfpw D≈Xn\m¬ Xncpta\n Bdp amk°mew a{Zmkn¬Xmakn®p. AhnsS \n∂p h∂v tIm´bw Pn√m Bip]{XntbmSptN¿∂p≈ Hcp sI´nSØn¬ Xmakn®p. AhnsS h®v {]taltcmKw aqewssItb¬ \ocp h∂p. Hm∏tdj≥ sNbvXp. ASpØ ZnhkwA¿≤cm{Xnbn¬ ssIbnse IpØns°´v Agnv c‡w [mc[mc bmbnHgpIphm≥ XpSßn. B kabw _tkentbmkv KohdpKokv ZznXob≥_mhmbv°v Hcp Z¿i\w D≠mbn. ]oeIvknt\mkv Xncpta \n°v Ft¥mA]ISw D≠mIphm≥ t]mIp∂p, F{Xbpw thKw sN√pI F∂v.At±lw DS≥ Xs∂ ss{Uhsd hnfn®v h≠n Cd°n Bip]{Xnbn¬sN∂p. I≠ ImgvN `bm\Iambncp∂p. apdnhn¬ \n∂p c‡w HgpIp∂p.DS≥ tUmIvS¿ h∂v apdnhp sI´n. GXp Imcyhpw kocnbkmbn FSp°p∂kz`mh°mc\mbncp∂p Xncpta\n. tIm´bsØ NnIn’ Ignv ]≈nAca\bn¬ Ipd®p\mƒ Xßn. A°meØmWv ]d¥¬ ]≈n]WnIgn∏n®Xv. ]d¥¬ a\pjy k©mcw C√mØ, ImSpw taSpwtamjvSm°fpw \nd, Hcp ÿew Bbncp∂p. AhnsS Hcp CughIpSpw_hpambn Xncpta\nbv°v hfsc kulrZap≠mbncp∂p. X∂nanØw\m´pIm¿°p th≠n Hcp N¥bv°v A\phmZw hmßns°mSpØp. BIpSpw_w Ct∏mgpw Xncpta\nbpsS I_dn¬ hcpw. Aßs\Ccn°shbmWv ]Ø\wXn´ t_kn¬ Zbdm, ImtXment°‰v tImfPvChIƒ°v Bcw`w C´Xv.am°mwIp∂v F∂ t]cp tI´mte B ÿeØns‚ cq]hpw `mh hpw

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 223a\ nemIpw. a\pjyk©mcw C√mØXpw Ip∂n≥apIfn¬ ÿnXnsNøp∂Xpamb B Ip‰n°mSp \nd Ip∂ns\ kz¿§ Xpeyam°phm≥Xncpta\n°p Ignp. ChnsSsb√mw k©cn°p hm≥ Xncpta\n°vkz¥ambn Hcp hml\w C√mbncp∂p. Hm∏¨ t_mUnbp≈ _kns‚ap≥ko‰n¬ Ccp∂p bm{X sNøpw. Aßs\ Iptd°mew Ignv\m´pIm¿ Hcp ]gb Im¿ hmßns°mSpØp. ]pØ≥ImhpImc≥ AΩmƒBbn-cp∂p ss{Uh¿. A∂p apX¬ At\Ih¿jw AΩmƒXncpta\nbpsS kmcYnbmbn.Im∏ IqSmsX c≠p tPmUn {U p am{Xw. Ag-tI-dnb icocw,CºIcambn ]m´p ]mSm\p≈ Ignhv. \√ {]kwKw. anI® kvt]m¿Svkvam≥. Ip´nIsf hnfn®v AhtcmsSm∏w Ifn°pw. AkpJw aqew Dd°wIpdhmbncp∂p. Bscsbnepw In´nbm¬ AhtcmSp ho´phntij߃tNmZn®dnbpw. ^enX߃ ]dpw Ahscs°m≠p ]m´pIƒ ]mSn®pwckn°pw. Ahcnsemcmƒ _^q¨ thjw sI´pI ]Xnhm bncp∂p(anan{In tamU¬). a‰p≈h¿ kwkmcn°p∂Xpw Nne A® ∑m¿ Ip¿∫m\sNm√p∂Xpw (Ings°Øebv°¬ tXmΩm IØ\m¿ Dƒs∏sS)Chsbms° A\pIcn°p∂Xv I≠p ckn°pw.sNß∂qcnse C∂sØ _tY¬ Aca\ ]gb ÿeamsW∂v Bcpw]dbpIbn√. AhnsS Hcp Ipfw D≠mbncp∂p. AXns‚ t]cmbn-cp∂ps]mtX¬Ipfw F∂Xv. Su¨ N¥bnse N∏pNhdpIƒ sIm≠n Sp∂ÿew. AhnsS bnklm°v Fs∂mcp cknI≥ D≠mbncp∂p. IYIƒ]dbphm≥, ]m´pIƒ ]mSphm≥, anan{In \SØphm≥.]pØ≥Imhnse sat{Smt∏meoØ≥ sslkv°qƒ ÿm]n°phm≥ ImcWw ]´nWn°mcmb Ip´nIƒ°v sNß∂q¿ hsc t]mbn]Tn°phm\p≈ {]bmkw Xncpta\nsb Ae´nbXmWv. AXn\p th≠nAhn{iaw ]cn{ian®p. BZysØ XncphnXmwIq¿ a{¥nk`bn¬ D≠mbncp∂ ‰n. Fw. hdpKokv, hnZym`ymka{¥n Ipncma≥ F∂nhsc I≠v\nthZ\w sImSpØp. A\phmZw In´nbt∏mƒ \m´pImcmb Nnecn¬ \n∂vFXn¿∏pIƒ h∂p. Ahsb F√mw XcWw sNbvXv kvIqfns‚ ]WnBcw`n®p. BZyw Hcp \√ sI´nSw hbv°Ww. Hcp takvXncnsb hnfn®p]Wn XpSßn. Iqen sImSp°Wsan¬ "DS tbm≥ Xcpw' F∂p ]dn´vHmtcm t{]m{Kman\p t]mIpw. sshIp t∂cw AhnsS \n∂v h∂n´p thWwIqen sImSp°phm≥. Hcp takvXncnbpsS aI≥ hdpKokv Fs∂mcp]øs\ hnfn®p ]dp. "Cu sI´nSw \o ]WnbWw.' Ah≥ ]dp"F\n°v Adnbn√ Xncpta\n.'"\o tIdn∏WnsbSm, ssZhw \nt∂mSp IqSnbp≠v. t]mcmsbn¬Rm≥ ]dpXcmw' F∂mbn Xncpta\n.

224 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv]pØ≥Imhv CShIbnse Hcp ]ø\mbncp∂Xn\m¬ Ah≥ ]WnXpSßn. \menjvSnI hbv°ptºmƒ ]dbpw "Xq°v t\m°v, apgt°m¬FSpØv eh¬ sNøv.' Aßs\ Ahs\s°m≠p ]WnsbSp∏n®p.HSphn¬ Ah≥ \√ sI´nSw ]Wn°mc\mbn. sI´nSw ]Wn Ignt∏mƒ AXns‚ apIfn¬ D≠mbncp∂ sXßnt\°mƒ hÆap≈ Hcpπmhn≥ Iºv sh´nam‰phm≥ AXns‚ DSaÿt\mSv Xncpta\nBhiys∏´p. km[yas√∂v DSaÿ≥ ]dp. Im‰pw agbpw CSnbpwH∂pw C√mXncp∂ kabw. GXm\pw an\n‰pIƒ°Iw sI´nSØnseHmSn\p t]mepw Hcp tISpw IqSmsX B Iºv HSnphoWp. B‰cnIØv ]ØSnbn¬ IqSpX¬ Dbcw D≈ Hcp aXn¬s°´n¬ Xncpta\nsshIn´v \S°pI ]Xnhmbncp∂p. AXn\ptijw B‰n¬ CdßnIpfn°pw. ]pØ≥Imhv ]≈nbpsS apºn¬ aq∂pt]¿ ]nSn®m¬ ssIFØmØhÆap≈ Hcp amhp≠mbncp∂p. AXnse amºgw hogp tºmƒIp´nIsf hn´v s]dp°n kq£n°pw. ]n∂oSv AΩbpsS ASpØp hn´v]gt©m¿ FSp∏n°pw. Im¥mcn sIm≠p≈ NΩ¥n \n¿_‘ambpwsIm≠phco°pw. ]gt©mdn¬ amßm ]ngnv Im¥mcn NΩ¥n Iq´nIpimembn DuWp Ign°pw. Aßs\ efnX amb BlmccoXn.BUw_can√mØ hkv{X[mcWw. kvIqƒ sI´nSw ]Wnbp∂ kabw,hoXnbp≈ Hcp _©v AXn¬ InS∂pdßpw.Hcn°¬ BZysØ ¢m¿°mbncp∂ sIm´bv°m´p ]m∏®≥(tImgt©cn) B _©ns‚ AcnIn¬ InS∂pdßpIbmbncp∂p. sshIn´vIgn® Blmcw ]nSn°msX O¿±n°pIbpw AXnkmcw D≠mIpIbpwsNbvXp. ]≈n∏Sn PwKvj\n¬ Hcp amSØn¬ InS∂pd ßnb Fs∂Xncpta\n X´n hnfn®p. "FSm, ]m∏®≥ AhiXbnemWv. \o s]s´∂v]q∏≈n¬ ]m∏®≥ tUmIvSdpsS ho´n¬ sN∂v Im¿ Ctßm´p hnSWw.Hcp AXymhiyw D≠v.' Ah¿ DSs\ Im¿ ss{Uhsd hnfn®v s]s´∂vAb®p. R߃ AhnsS sN∂t∏mƒ Ahi\mb ]m∏®s\ Xncpta\nXmßn Fgpt∂ev]n®v O¿±n¬ NqseSpØv IgpIn°fbp∂p. Rm≥ sN∂vNqen\v ]nSn®p. At∏mƒ ]dbpIbmWv "\o sh≈w Hgn®pX∂m¬ aXn.']m∏®s\ Imdn¬ Ib‰n tImgt©cn Bip]{Xnbn¬ B°nbn´v ho´n¬sN∂p hnhcw ]dp. A°meØv ChnsS hmSI°mtdm, Hmt´mtbm,Bip]{Xntbm H∂pw C√mbncp∂p.]≈nbpsS ]SnmdphiØv Hcp ssaXm\w D≠v. BZyIme ßfn¬Aehmpambn Cdßpw. Bscnepw AXphgn t]mbm¬ FIvk¿sskkvFSp°mw F∂p ]dv AhcpsS IqSn klmb tØmsS hømØssIbpambn ]nSn®v I√pIƒ adn°pw. HSphn¬ Fs∂ hnfn®p ]dp:""Cu sI´nSw ]Wn t\m°ns°m≈Ww. Rm≥ Ct∏mƒ Xcp∂Xv Hcpj¿´ns‚ Imiv, Cu ÿm]\w \∂mIptºmƒ \obpw \∂mIpw'' F∂p

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 225]dn´mWv Ip∂wIpfØp t]mbXv. Xncpta\n ]Tn∏n® ]n. Fkv.iapth¬ A®s\ Atacn°bv°v hnSp∂Xn\p≈ ]Ww Ip∂wIpfØv\n∂p ]ncn®psIm≠v bm{X Xncn®p. hcp∂hgn s\©n\p thZ\A\p`hs∏´p. acØwtImSv Nm∏en¬ t]mbn hn{ian®p. ImtXmen°mknwlmk\Øn\p th≠n Xs‚ icocÿnXn t\m°msXbp≈ bm{Xbpw{]kwKßfpw, Bcm[ \bpw Xncpta\nsb £oWnX\m°n. k`]nf¿∏ns‚ h°nseØnb t∏mƒ k`ma°sf H∂n®p \n¿Øp∂Xn\p≈Xncpta\nbpsS AXy≤zm\w kvacnt°≠Xp Xs∂bmWv. At±lwIp∂wIpfØp \SØnb Ahkm\ {]kwKw AhnsSbp≈ BfpIsfC∂pw k`bn¬ ]nSn®p \n¿Øp∂Xn\v klmbn®p. ]pØ≥Imhn¬aSßnsbØnbXv Xncpta\nbpsS arXtZlambncp∂p. t\csØ Xncpta\nXmt°m¬ Gev]n®t∏mƒ B Ic߃ Fs‚ ssIbn¬ ap´nbXv F\n°vA\p{Klambn amdn. Xncpta\nbpsS k`mkvt\lhpw, hnZym`ymkho£Whpw km[mcW°msc D≤cn°p∂Xn\p≈ Xm¬]cyhpwad°m\mhmØXmWv. Fs¥nepw Bhiyw hcptºmƒ F√mw kz¥w`h\Øn¬ \n∂v AΩtbmSp ]dv hmßn Imcy߃ \SØpw.Xncpta\n F∂ \nebn¬ Ctßm´p hmßnbX√msX Atßm´v H∂pwsImSpØn´n√.Xncpta\n Pohn®ncp∂p Fn¬ k`bn¬ hnizmknIfpsS FÆwIqSpX¬ h¿≤n°pambncp∂p. ]pØ≥Imhn\v \jvSambXv HcpImtXmen°msb BWv. Xncpta\nbpsS arXicochpambn ]pØ≥Imhn¬ FØnbt∏mƒ hoW IÆo¿ C\nbpw tXm¿∂n´n√. F√mhcpsSbpw Bcm[\m]m{Xambn kvacy]pcpj\mbn, t{ijvTmNmcy\mbn,kvt\lnX\pw hgnIm´nbpw F√msa√mambn C∂pw Xncpta\n HmtcmlrZbØnepw \nhkn°p∂p. Xncpta\ntbmSp tN¿∂p≈ PohnXwad°m≥ Ignbn√.""]cnip≤ ]nXmsh R߃°p th≠nbpw At]£nt°Wsa!'' F∂{]m¿∞\ am{Xw \nh¿Øn°p∂p.Fw. C. AeIvkm≠¿AhncmØcI≥

226 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv4kvt\l-k-º-∂≥]pØ≥Imhv Ingt°Øebv°¬ sI. Fw. tPm¿Pv FgpXp∂p:sIm®pXncpta\n _meyImew apX¬t° {]m¿∞\m\ncX\pwkvt\lkº∂\pw Bbncp∂p. klhmknItfmSp IcpXepwhnizkvXXbpw ]pe¿Øn. B kz`mh߃ ]ptcmlnX]Zhn bnte°p\bn®p.siΩm»\mbncn°ptºmƒ ]pØ≥Imhnse H‰°pSn F∂dnbs∏Sp∂ hnZymebØn¬ A[ym]I\mbn. hnZym¿∞nIƒ°vA\ptbmPy\mb \√ A[ym]I≥. A[ym]\w Cw•ojn¬Bbncp∂pshnepw efnXambXn\m¬ Ip´nIƒ°v a\knem°m≥Ignp. C∂v B hnZymebw am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv satΩmdnb¬ bp.]n. Fkv. F∂v Adnbs∏Sp∂p.\mep aWn°v kvIqƒ hn´Xn\p tijw {Ku≠n¬ Ip´nIƒs°m∏wAt±lhpw ^pSvt_mƒ Ifn°pI ]Xnhmbncp∂p. sXm∏n Ducn h®vkz¥w ]Zhnsb A¿ln°p∂ KuchØn¬ IW°m°ns°m≠p Xs∂Ip´nItfmsSm∏w kabw sNehgn°pw.Xncpta\n kz¥w ssk°nfn¬ Ib-dn-bm-bn-cp∂p bm{X. tIm´ bØvskan\mcnbn¬ t]mIphm\pw ]pØ≥Imhn¬ Xs∂ CShI bpsSBhiy߃°p t]mIphm\pw ssk°nƒ D]tbmKn®p.ssZhtØmSv IqSpX¬ ASpØnS]gIWsa∂p IcpXnbmhmw At±lw]pØ≥Imhv IØo{Uens‚ apIfnse Hcp apdnbnem bncp∂p Xmakw.ho´n¬ \n∂p≈ cm{Xn `£WØn\p tijw ]≈nbn¬ h∂v InS°pw.F√m hoSpIfnepw k‘ym \akv°mcw \S°p∂pt≠m F∂t±lwho£n°pIbpw AXn\mbn P\ßsf k÷cm°pIbpw sNbvXph∂p.sI. Fw. tPm¿Pv

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 227`mKw IIIUbdn°pdn∏pIƒ]cnip≤\mb h´t»cn¬ KohdpKokv am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv, ]mtd´pamXyqkv am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv, aq°t©cn¬ ]t{Xmkv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv apXemb DØa taev]´°msct∏mse ]pØ≥Imhp am¿]oeIvknt\mkv sa{Xmt∏meoØmbpw IrXyambn Ubdn FgpXp∂kz`mh°mc\mbncp∂p. k©mc]cn]mSnIfpw {][m\ kw`hßfpw{]iv\ßfpw thZ\Ifpw bmX\Ifpw a\x{]bmkßfpw F√mwZn\hrØm¥w IWs° FgpXnbn´p≠v. Ch Adnhnt‚bpw A\p`hßfpsSbpw A£bJ\nIfpw k`mNcn{XØns‚ A\ntj[y`mKßfpamWv. IqSpX¬ £oWn®p Ddßnb Nne Znhkßfn¬ UbdnFgpXnbn´pan√. hn{iaw C√msX Pohn® Hcp sa{Xmt∏meoØmbpsS{]h¿Ø\ßfpw IjvS∏mSpIfpw kmºØnI _p≤nap´pIfpw F√mw\nd Ubdn At±lØns‚ PohNcn{Xw cNn°m≥ hfscb[nIwklmbn®n´p≠v.Bip]{XnIƒ, Aca\Iƒ, ]≈nIƒ, ]≈n°qS߃ F∂nh bpsSÿm]\w, \n¿ΩmWw apXembhIsf∏‰nbp≈ kmºØnIt¢ißfpsSbpw ]≈n hg°p ]dp Xo¿°p∂Xn\p th≠n h∂k`mwKßtfmSp≈ kvt\lakrWamb k¬s]cpam‰ßfpsSbpwat\mthZ\IfpsSbpw a‰pw bYm¿∞ Nn{Xw UbdnIƒ {]Xn^en∏n°p∂p≠v. k©mcw Imfh≠nbnepw h≈Ønepw t_m´nepw sse≥_knepw a‰p kvt\lnXcpsS ImdpIfnepw kz¥w ]g©≥ Imdnepambncp∂p. cm{Xn ]eXhW ssaepIƒ \S∂pw ssk°nfnepwe£yÿm\Øv FØnbn´p≠v. k©mcthfbn¬ tcmKnIsfkµ¿in°pI, ssXem`ntjIw \SØpI, hn. Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n°pI,]≈n IqZmi sNøpI, ]≈n°qS߃°p Xd°√nSpI, hnhmlIqZmi\SØpI, ihkwkv°mcØn\p ]sSp°pI, {]kwK ߃ sNøpIF∂nh F∂pw D≠mbncp∂p.an° Ahkcßfnepw tIm´bØp sN∂p k`bpsS amt\PnwKvIΩ‰nbn¬ kw_‘n°pI, ImtXmen°m _mhmbpambn k`mImcy ߃N¿® sNøpI, k`sb samØØn¬ _m[n°p∂ {]iv\߃°p]cnlmcw \n¿t±in°pI, h\nXm˛bphP\ ktΩf\ßfn¬ ¢msSp°pI, amt\P¿ F∂ \nebn¬ ]≈n°qS߃ kµ¿in®p Nne t∏mƒ¢m pIfn¬ Ibdn ]Tn∏n°pI, I¨h≥j\pIfn¬ apJy{]kwKI\mbncp∂p c≠pw aq∂pw aWn°qdpIƒ \ofp∂ {]`mjW{]hmlØn¬ t{imXm°sf \na÷\w sNøpI apXemb Imcy߃

228 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvUbdnIfn¬ kmcambpw kckambpw BteJ\w sNbvXncn°p∂p.CXn\nSbn¬ alm∑mcpsS ]e {KŸßƒ hmbn°p∂Xnepw kabwIs≠Ønbncp∂p. ]≈nIƒ kµ¿in°p∂Xn\pw k`mwKßfpsSBhiy߃ Adnp kZm {]h¿Øn°p∂Xn\pw Ignhpw a\ pwD≠mbncp∂ sIm®pXncpta\nsbt∏msebp≈ as‰mcp sa{Xmt∏meoØmC\nbpw P\nt°≠nbncn°p∂p. ]≈n hg°pIƒ ]dp Xo¿ØvsIm®pshfp∏m≥ ImeØv _tYen¬ Xncns®Øp∂ Xncp ta\n henb£oWw aqew H∂pw Ign°msXbpw Nnet∏mƒ Ddßm sXbpw t\cwshfp∏n®n´ps≠∂p UbdnIƒ ]dbp∂p.hmin°mcmb kpdnbm\n {InkvXym\nIƒ ]≠p apXte hg°m fnIƒBsW∂pw ssZhsØ ad∂p ]≈nbnepw iht°m´Ifnepw,"`‡ntbmsS' ssIbmfn \SØp∂hcmsW∂pw UbdnIƒ hy‡am°p∂p (]pent°m´n¬ Zoh∂mtkymkp A©mas‚ ImeØp ]≈nhg°pIƒ ]dp Xo¿°m≥ ]cpae am¿ {KntKmdntbmkns\ ]ehpcp]e ÿeßfnepw Ab®ncp∂p F∂pw At±lØns‚ km∂n[yw aqewhg°pIƒ apcpIpw t]mse C√mXmbn adp F∂pw k`mNcn{Xwkm£n°p∂p).Ubdn°pdn∏pIƒ apgph≥ AtX]Sn tN¿Øm¬ \me©p XSn®]pkvXI߃ e`n°pw. AXns\m∂pw apXncmsX hnkvXc`bØm¬ ]eUbdnIfnsebpw {]mXn\n[ykz`mhap≈Xpw {][m\s∏´XpambGXm\pw Ipdn∏pIƒ am{Xw XobXn klnXw tN¿°p∂p. At±lw ImewsNbvX 1951 se Ubdn apgph≥ sImSp°pIbmWv. Ip∂wIpfw, ]gn{]tZißfn¬ A¥yZnhk߃ sNehgn® Znhkßfn¬ UbdnFgpXm≥ kabw e`n®n´ns√∂p IcpXpIbmWv.aebmfw B≠p]nd∏mb 1105 Nnßw H∂n\p (1929 HmKÃv 17 i\n)sshZnI\mb At±lw Cßs\ FgpXn:“Today I offered may first private mass at the St. Mary’s, with theassistance of my father and Airukuzhiyil Kochachen. I was ordained a priestby Mar Dionysius on Tuesday the first of Karkadagom 104 (1929). From10 am to 6 pm I was at school, hard at work finishing off the annual returnsand business. Thomas also was with me. I hope to see him well off in life.Annual returns sent for todays Anchal. Cycled up to Arattupusha. Crossedthe river and reached chemmachee’s house. Supper there and we returnedto church. M. P. Varki’s card recieved.HmKÃv 23. Received a kalpana from His Beatitude Mar Baselious sayingthat I must prepare immediately for the Ramban’s order. Too hasty! It seems.But Mar Dionysius is behind the curtains. Let God’s will be done. I was toounwilling to get into any of the higher order. It is not a bed of roses.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 229\nebv°¬ I¨h≥j≥1949 P\phcn 1124 [\p 18 i\nbmgvN.]pXp∏≈n \nebv°¬ I¨h≥j\n¬ kw_‘n®p. hm¬jvkmbn∏pw aZmΩbpw {]kwKn®p. \mep aWn°p tXm´a¨ ]≈nbn te°pt]mbn. \mfsØ Ipcnip {]XnjvTbv°p _mhmbv°p≈ FXn tc¬∏n¬4 aWn°p Rm\pw kw_‘n®p. tLmjbm{X ]≈nbn¬ FØnbt∏mƒRm≥ Aev]ambn {]kwKn®p. cm{Xn Xncn®p \ne bv°¬ t]m∂p.\nebv°¬ cm{Xn {]kwKw kn. Fw. tPm¨.P\phcn. \nebv°¬ ]≈nbn¬ Rm≥ sNm√n {]kwKn®p. aq∂paWn°p ]pXp∏≈n eoKv ao‰nwKn¬ B[y£yw hln®p. \nebv°¬ cm{Xn{]kwKw Rm≥ X\n®p \SØn ssIapØpw Ign®p. hfsc £oWn®p.C∂p `£Ww td©¿ ]p∂s‚ ho´n¬ kmbns∏mcpan®v.P\phcn 3. \nebv°¬ \n∂p cmhnse Xncn®p t]m∂p. tIm´bw hgnsshIn´p ]pØ≥Imhp ]≈nbnseØn. sslkv°qƒ LS\°Ω‰nbpambn BtemNn®p. kΩXn®p. cm{Xn _tYenseØn.P\phcn 4. Xpºa¨ FØn _mhmbpsamcpan®v X´∏≈n°mcyw N¿®sNbvXp. ]≈n°mcpw icØne®\pw D≠mbncp∂p. sshIn´v]Ø\wXn´ FØn Xmakn®p.P\phcn 5. sshIn´v ]pØ≥ImhnseØn.P\phcn 6. H≥]Xp aWn°p Bdm´p]pg XmgtØSØp \Sph\pssXem`ntjIw \SØn. D®bv°p tijw s]mßeSn ]≈nbnte°pt]mbn. ]Ø\m]pcsØØn. A®s‚ Zo\w Im◊m≥ Xncn®p cm{Xns]mßeSnbn¬. k‘ym {]m¿∞\bv°p tijw {]kwKn®p.P\phcn 7. b¬tZm. shfp∏n\v Hcp aWns°gpt∂‰v ip{iqjIfpwa‰pw \SØn. IrXyw 6 \p Xo¿∂p. 10 aWn°p _tYenseØn kv{XokamP sk{I´dn ao‰nwKv \SØn.P\phcn 8. _tYen¬ h®p kt≠kvIqƒ IΩ‰n ao‰nwKv \SØn.^m. sI. tUhnUpw D≠mbncp∂p.P\p 9. cmhnse hIbm¿ ]≈nbnseØn. Ip¿_m\, {]kwKw,s]mXptbmKw Ch Ign®p aSßn. ]pXnb {SÃntbbpw a‰pw sXcsSpØp. sshIn´v _tYen¬.P\p 10. _tY¬.P\p 11. s]mßeSn ]≈nbn¬. ]Ø\wXn´ \n∂pw a‰pw siΩmi∑mcpw A®∑mcpw h∂p. skmssk‰n ao‰nwKv. c≠p aWn°q¿ kwkmcn®p.sshIn´v s]mßeSnbn¬ Xmakn®p.

230 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvkvIqƒ hm¿jnIwP\p 12. cmhnse ]Øn®nd FØn. tXthmtZmkntbmkpwZoh∂mtkymkpw H∂n®p aq∂nt∑¬ sNm√n. 11 ˛ 12 hsc kvIqƒ hm¿jnIao‰nwKn¬ A[y£yX hln®p {]kwKn®p. D®bv°p tijap≈ Pq_nenao‰nwKnepw R߃ kw_‘n®p. an\nÿ a¿t°mkv Ipsd kabhpw]n∂oSv Ipºfhpw A≤y£yX hln®p. henb P\°q´w. ]pXnb lmfn\pa¿t°mkv I√n´p. 7.30 \p Rm≥ Xncn®p t]m∂p. 13, 14 Xncpaqe ]≈nbn¬.14 \p A®∑mcpsamcpan®p aq∂nt∑¬ sNm√n. {]kwKn®p. aq∂p aWn°ptIm´bØn\p t]mbn. t^m¿th¿Up _mv amØp°p´nsb I≠p. Hcp_nkn\kv kw_ ‘n®v. sshIn´p Xncns®Øn. ]pØ≥Imhv kvIqƒkw_‘n®p A®\pw {SÃnbpw h∂ncp∂p. k‘ybv°v Ah¿Xncn®pt]mbn.15. 10 aWn°p am°mwIp∂p ]≈nbn¬ I¨h≥j≥ IΩ‰n ao‰nwKvIqSn. sshIn´p t_kn¬ lukn¬ Xmakn®p.P\phcn 16. cmhnse hIbm‰p ]≈nbnseØn. Ip¿_m\bpw {]kwKhpw ]dºn¬ DÆqÆnbpsS aI≥ X®s‚ I√ymWhpw \SØn.D®bv°p Xncn®p t]m∂p. A©n\p s\√n°¬ ]≈nbnseØn. aZv_lmbv°p HmSn´Xn¬ kt¥mjw {]ISn∏n®p. 25 cq] Rm≥ kw`mh\sImSpØp. ho≠pw sImSp°msa∂pw ]dp. cm{Xn Xncn®p t]m∂p.ssl°em ]Wn°p≈ \n¿t±i߃ sImSpØp. cm{Xn 8.30 \p _tYenseØn. £oWn®p.c≠p aq∂mgvN Ubdn FgpXnbn´n√.s^{_p 10. _tY¬ IpfØns‚ aXn¬ sI´p \SØn®p.s^{_p 26. _Xvio\n¬ Ip¿∫m\, {]kwKw apXembh \SØn.s]mXptbmKhpw D≠mbncp∂p. cm{Xn Imfh≠nbn¬ hbeØ]≈nbnte°p t]mbn. £oWn®p.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 2311938˛se UbdnCu Ub-dn-bn¬ sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n H´pw hn{i-a-an-√msX ]pØ≥ Imhv˛ ]Ø-\w-Xn´ ˛ Ing-h-≈q¿, tIm´bw F∂o ÿe-ß-fn¬ k©-cn®pkvIqƒ ]Wn, kvIqƒ C≥kvs]-IvS¿ Hm^okv kµ¿i\w, ]≈n kµ¿i-\w, amt\-PnwKv IΩn‰n tbmKw, k`-bpsS s]mXp-Im-cy-߃ F∂n-h-bn¬]s-Sp-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw.1938 sk]vXw-_¿ 8. tIm´bw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ amt\-PnwKv IΩn‰n IqSnZmho-Z-®s\ sk{I-´-dn-bmbn sXc-s-Sp-Øp.sk]vXw-_¿ 9. tIm´bw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ kp∂-l-tZm-kv.sk]vXw-_¿ 14. amcm-a¨ \n∂p cmhnse Ing-h-≈q¿ FØn. s{Sbn-\nwKv kvIqƒ sI´nSw tabp-∂p-≠v. 10 aWn°p tijw Ac-a-\-bn¬ FØn.Glover’s The Jesus a Visionary Ipsd hmbn-®p. sshIn´p I√n-f-°p∂tPmen-bn¬ kl-I-cn®p. ÿew Np‰n-°-≠p. I∂n 3 ˛\p Ip´n-IƒkvIqfn¬ lmP-cm-I-W-sa∂Xn-s\-∏‰n slUvam-Ã-d-∑m-cp-ambn kwkm-cn®p.sk]vXw-_¿ 15. ]Ø-\w-Xn-´; Ipsd hmbn-®p.sk]vXw-_¿ 16. cmhnse Ingh-≈q¿°p t]mbn kvIqƒ ]Wn Du¿÷n-X-s∏-Sp-Øn.sk]vXw-_¿ 17. tImg-t©cn IS-hn¬ A®\p I¥oem Ign-®p.- _mhmbpwtXthm-tZm-tkymkv sa{Xm-®-\p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.sk]vXw-_¿ 18. hb-e-Øe ]≈n-bn¬ Ip¿∫m-\, {]kwKw, D®-Xncnps]mXp-tbm-Kw. \ΩpsS k`m-`-c-W-Øns‚ Zqjy-h-i-߃ ]eXpwA\p-`-h-s∏-S-Ø° ]e cwK-ß-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Fnepw Ah-km\w`wKn-bm-bn.sk]vXw-_¿ 20. am°mw-Ip∂p kvIqfn¬ kvss{S°v. Rm≥ ÿe-Øn-√m-bn-cp-∂p.sk]vXw-_¿ 21. Im¿Øn-I-∏-≈n. ho≠pw kvIqfn¬ kvss{S°v.sk]vXw-_¿ 22. kvIqƒ apdbv°p \S-∂p. Im¿Øn-I-∏-≈n-bn¬ R߃FØn. tIkp- ]n-cn-hn\p ao‰nw-Kv.sk]vXw-_¿ 23. kvIqƒ \S-∂p.sk]vXw-_¿ 26. cmhnse ]Ø-\w-Xn-´-bn¬ FØn. aq∂p Ip´n-Isfkkvs]≥Up sNbvXp.sk]vXw-_¿ 28. ]Ø-\w-Xn´ sshZnI kvIqfn¬ ¢ms -Sp-Øp.sk]vXw-_¿ 29. sslkvIqƒ VI ˛ ¬ kvss{S°n-s\-∏-‰nbpw a‰pwkwkm-cn®p. Ip´n-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xns‚ A\u-Nn-Xy-sØ-∏‰n hni-Z-am°n.cm{Xn ]p\-eq¿ _n. _n. FtÃ-‰n-seØn Xma-kn-®p.

232 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvsk]vXw_¿ 30. cmhnse Sn. sI. Ae-Ivkns‚ Imdn¬ Xncp-h-\-¥-]pc-sØ-Øn.Ub-d-IvS-dpsS B^o-kn¬ amt\-P¿am-cpsS ao‰nw-Kn¬ 12 apX¬2 hsc kw_-‘n-®p. _n. _n. B∏o-kn¬ Xma-kn-®p.HIvtSm-_¿ 1. _n. _n. Hm^o-kv. sshIn´v ImgvN-_w-•m-hn¬ t]mbn.HIvtSm-_¿ 14. ]pØ≥Im-hn¬ \n∂pw Ing-h-≈q¿ ]≈n-°q-S-Øn-se-Øn. s{Sbn-\nwKv Ip´n-Iƒ°p General principles in life F∂-Xns\ ASnÿm-\-s∏-SpØnaq∂p aWn-°q¿ ]Øp an\n‰v ¢ms -Sp-Øp.HIvtSm-_¿ 16. cmhnse tImg-t©cn ]≈n-bn-seØn Ip¿∫m-\bpw{]kw-Khpw \S-Øn. ‰n. Pn. G{_-lm-ans‚ Ip´n ˛ adn-b-bp-sS ˛ ⁄m\kv\m\ I¿Ωw \S-Øn. ssIapØp ]Øp cq].HIvtSm-_¿ 19. tIm´bw djy≥ IwNnXvIm kztZ-inbpw a©q-dn-bmbpsSsa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bp-amb B¿®p _nj∏v s\kvtXmdpw ]m¿´n-bpwcm{Xn9 aWn°p skan-\m-cn-bn¬ FØn.HIvtSm-_¿ 22. _mhmbpw djy≥ _nj∏pw a‰pw R߃ Hcp-an®pBw•n-°≥ _nj-∏ns‚ Ac-a-\-bn¬ sN∂p ]pXnb kn. Fw. Fkv._nj∏v _n. kn. tIm¿^o¬Uns\ I≠p.HIvtSm-_¿ 24. djy≥ _nj-∏p-sam-cp-an®v kvIqfp-Ifpw a‰p ÿm]\-ßfpw kµ¿in®v 6 aWn°p ]Ø-\w-Xn´ FØn. _nj∏p siΩm-»-∑mtcmSp{]kw-Kn-®p.H-IvtSm-_¿ 25. cmhnse _nj-∏p-sam-cp-an®p a-\n-°-cbpw a‰pwkµ¿in-®p. 1 aWn°p tijw imkvXmw-tIm´ FØn. Ahsc AhnsSB°n-b-tijw Rm≥ Xncn®v ]Ø-\w-Xn´ FØn.Unkw-_¿ 1, 2. amth-en-°c ˛ {]tXy-I- t\mbºv ˛ {]kw-Kw.Unkw-_¿ 3. an. C. sP. tPmWns\ kµ¿in®p. \ncWw ]≈n-bn-se-Øn.Unkw-_¿ 11. am°mw-Ip∂v ]≈n-bn¬ _mhm sNm√n. Ggp- t]¿°p]q¿Æ siΩm»p]´w sImSp-Øp. ]≈n-h-I-bmb ]pXnb Ipcnip IqZmi({]-Xn-jvT) \S-Øn.Unkw-_¿ 16. ]Ø-\w-Xn-´. 9.30 apX¬ 1.30 hsc the-°m-cp-ambn ]pcbn-S-Øn¬tPmen \S-Øn.Unkw-_¿ 28 apX¬ P\p-hcn H∂p hsc ˛ \ne-bv°¬ ˛ I¨sh≥j≥.P\p-h-cn 7. tImg-t©cn ]≈n-bn¬ "b¬Zm' Ign-®-tijw ]pØ≥ Imhphgn tIm´-b-Øn\p t]mbn. amΩ≥ kmdns‚ ho´n¬ _kv ImØp hfscA[nIt\cw Ccp-∂p. Hcp h≠n D≠m-bn-cp-s∂-n¬ sIm≈m-bn-cp∂p!

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 233P\p-h-cn 8. tIm´bw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h®v ]me-aq-´n¬ amXyp, ssI∏-´q¿ tbmip-hm, Ba-°p∂p Zm\n-tb¬ F∂o siΩm-»-∑m¿°p _mhmI»oim ]´w sImSp-Øp.P\p-hcn 9. cmhnse _mhmbpw Rm\pw ]pXp-∏-≈n-bn-seØn ]p∂qkvh°o-ens\ Zo\-°n-S-°-bn¬ I≠p. sshIn´v ]pØ≥Im-hn-se-Øn.P\p-hcn 17, 18. s\Sp-amhp ]pØ≥]≈n-bn¬ (am¿ ]ueq-kv) Ip¿∫m\.bph-P-\-k-am-P-Øn¬ 3/4 aWn-°q¿ {]kw-Kw. Ipdn-bm-t°m-k-®s‚ ho´nseØnIm∏n IpSn-®p. ]mºmSn sa{Xm-®s\ Zb-dm-bn-em-°n. 14-˛mw ssaen¬sNdn-b-a-T-Øn-e-®s\ ˛ aq∏≥ ˛ I≠p kwkm-cn-®p. A¥y-e£-W-ß-fm-Wv. Fnepw Hm¿Ω-t°-Sn-√. {]k-cn-∏n\pw henb Ipd-hn√.P\p-h-cn 23. Be-∏pg \n∂p t_m´p-am¿§w Fd-Wm-Ip-f-sØ-Øn.sshIn´v Xoh-≠n-bn¬ a{Zm-kn\p ]pd-s∏-´p.P\p-hcn 24. cmhnse a{Zm-kn¬ FØn. sshIn´p s{Sbn≥ Ibdn I¬°-´bv°p ]pd-s∏-´p.P\p-h-cn 25. s{Sbn-\n¬.P\p-hcn 26. skdm-ºq-cn¬ FØn.P\p-hcn 27, 28. skdm-ºq¿ sk\‰pw tIm¨shm-t°-j\pw.s^{_p-hcn 2 hsc I¬°´. sshIn´p Xncn®p. aq∂n\p a{Zm-kn-¬FØn. 6 hsc a{Zm-kn¬.s^{_p-h-cn 13. A∏s‚ kpJ-t°Sp {]am-Wn®p ]pØ≥Im-hn-seØn.tcmK-Øn\p ia-\-ap-≠v.s^{_p-h-cn 16. A∏s‚ I¥oem kw_-‘n®v 14 Fgp-Øp-Iƒ Ab®p.G{]n¬ 12. ac-Øw-tIm´p (Ip-∂w-Ip-fw) Nm∏¬ ˛ Rm≥ BZyIp¿∫m\ \S-Øn. 10 aWn-°p- tijw ]g-n-∏-≈n-bn¬ FØn. D®-bv°ptijws]ßm-ap°v ]≈nbnseØn ""I√v'' FSpØp t{XmtWm-kns‚ ASnbn¬ÿm]n-®p. Im´m-ºm-°¬ ]≈n-bnepw sbcp-itew Ipcn-in-epwFØn. sshIp-t∂cw ]g-b-]-≈n-bn¬ Xncn-s®-Øn.G{]n¬ 15. ac-Øw-tIm´p am¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv t]m¿s{S-bn‰v A\m-—mZ\w sNbvXp.G{]n¬ 24. ssI∏-´q¿ s\Sp-hw-{]Øp Koh-dp-Ko-kns‚ aIs‚ IeymWw\S-Øn. 12 aWn°p ]n. hn. tImin _n. F. _n.‰n. -bpsS IeymWw \SØn.HmKÃv 11. Cc-hn-t]-cq¿ \n∂pw Xncp-h√ C≥kvs]-IvS-dm-∏o-kn-seØn.AhnsS \n∂pw sNß-∂q-¿ B-∏o-knepw Ahn-sS- \n∂pw ]Ø-\w-Xn´B∏o-knepsaØn. Nne _n√p-Iƒ icn-s∏-Sp-Øn. cm{Xn 9 aWn°p Ac-a-\-bn-epw.

234 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvAhkm\h¿jw FgpXnb Ubdn]pØ≥Imhp sIm®pXncpta\n Imew sNbvX 1951 ˛¬ G{]n¬ Bdvhsc Ubdn FgpXnbn´p≠v. ]gn Ip∂wIpfw I¨h≥j\pI fn¬]sSp°m\mbncp∂p B A¥ybm{X.]gnbn¬ h®mbncn°pw G{]n¬ 6 se Ubdn°pdn∏v FgpXnbsX∂p IcpXpIbmWv.1951 P\phcn 1. s]mßeSn ]≈nbnseØn. IW°pIƒ I≠p.Xr]vXnbmbn. Nne Nn√d tPmenIƒ sNbvXp. A®\pambn NneBtemN\Iƒ ˛ ÿm]\ ]ptcmKa\m¿∞w ˛ \SØn. Hcp klmbnsbA®\p I≠p]nSn°m≥ \n¿t±in®p. _tYente°p Xncn®pt]m∂p.Zoh∂mtkymkv sa{Xm®s\ hgn at[y h®p I≠p. Im¿ amdn°bdn.XΩn¬ Nne Imcyßsf∏‰n kwkmcn®p.P\phcn 2. kp∂ltZmkp kw_‘n®p cmhnse 10 \p skan\mcnbn¬ FØn. XotamØntbmkv sa{Xm®≥ Hgn®v F√mhcpap≠m bncp∂p.]oent∏m®≥, ]mtd´®≥ apXembhcpw h∂ncp∂p. hntijm sem∂pw\S∂n√. Rm≥ an°hmdpw au\w Ahew_n®tXbp≈q.bmsXmcp’mlhpw tXm∂p∂n√.P\phcn 3. kp∂ltZmkv XpS¿∂p. ]q¿hm[nIw KuchambBtemN\Iƒ \S∂p. {KntKmdntbmkv sa{Xm®\pw _mhmbpambnAkmcw sX‰n Fnepw Rm\nSs]´p im¥am°nsb∂p ]dbmw. Nnes]mXp {]amW߃ FgpXn h®p. cm{Xn ]oent∏m®\pambn Btem Nn®p{Um^v‰v sIm≠phcm≥ ]dp ]ncnp.P\phcn 4. 10˛\p ho≠pw kp∂ltZmkp IqSn 12 hsc. HmXd Bims‚acWw kw_‘n®v 2. 30 \v Rm≥ awKew ]≈nbnseØn. ihaS°w\SØn. XncphnXmwtIm´p dºm®\pw HmXd A®\pw awKe Øne®\pwD≠mbncp∂p.4 \p Cchnt]cq¿ Bip]{Xn IΩn‰n IqSn. cm{Xn am°m≥Ip∂nseØn.P\phcn 5. am°m≥Ip∂n¬ \n∂p t]mcpwhgn Bdm´p]pg \√q¿\n∂pw D®tai Ign®p. C∂p 11 aWn°p ]pØ≥Imhn¬ I]ym¿A{_lmw s]s´∂p acn®p. Rm≥ ho´n¬ Ibdn I≠tijw _tYente°p t]mbn.P\phcn. 10 aWn°p ]pØ≥ImhnseØn I]ym¿ A{_lmans‚ihaS°p Ign®p. D®tbmSp IqSn It√en¬ FØn. amt\P¿DÆqÆnbpsS _w•mhn¬ Xmakn®p. k‘ym\akv°mcw Ignp]≈nbn¬ {]kwKn®p. ChnsS Ct∏mƒ 28 CShI°mcp≠v.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 235P\phcn 7 Rmb¿. b¬Zm. It√en. shfp∏n\v c≠p apX¬ ip{iqjIfpw a‰pw. 6.30 \p Ip¿_m\ Xo¿∂p. D®bv°p tijw 3 \p kt≠kvIqƒRm≥ Xs∂ \SØn A[ym]Isc \nban®p. F√mw ]p\cmcw`n®p. 4aWn°p ]≈ns∏mXptbmKw IqSn.P\phcn 8. 9 aWn°p ]pØ≥Imhp ]≈nbnseØn. ]oSnIbn¬Ipns‚ aIs‚ IeymWw \SØn. D®bv°p tijw amthen°cBip]{XnbnseØn sIm®pIpns‚ Zo\w kµ¿in®p, {]m¿∞n®p.kn. Nmt°mbpsS ho´n¬ \n∂p Im∏n IpSn®p. k‘y°p tijw It√en¬ hey®s\ Zo\°nS°bn¬ kµ¿in®p. cm{Xn Xncn®p t]m∂v]dºn¬ A®s‚ ho´n¬ \n∂v AØmgw Ign tijw _tYen seØn.P\phcn 9. cmhnse 10 aWn°p tIm´bØv FØn Nqf∏dºn¬sa{Xm®s‚ ^yqWd¬ s{]mskjs\ t^m¿th¿Uv _mns‚apIfnesØ \nebn¬ \n∂p sIm≠p I≠p. "{Km≥Uv.' RmbdmgvN aq∂paWn°mWv At±lw acn®Xv. C∂p 12 \p AS°n.P\phcn 10. cmhnse t]ga‰w Ipdnbmt°mk®\psamcpan®v ]mºmSnbnseØn. sa{Xm®\pambn Zo¿Lt\cw kwkmcn®p. Ipdnbm t°mk®s‚ Zbdm amt\P¿ \nba\w Xr]vXnIcsa∂p Iev]n®p. G¿∏mSpsNbvXp. sshIn´p Rm≥ skan\mcnbnte°v t]m∂p. CSbv°phS°≥aÆq¿ ]≈nbn¬ Ibdn. Ipdnbmt°mk®s‚ bm{Xbb∏n\psN√msa∂p kΩXn®p. cm{Xnbn¬ skan\mcnbn¬ FØn. ap´ºeØp"ssIemkØn¬' h®p ‰n. ‰n Xmcp amkv‰¿, `mcy F∂nhtcbpw I≠p.P\phcn 11. skan\mcn B∏okn¬ 10 ˛ 12 hsc sNehm°n. ho≠pw 3˛ 5 hscbpw the sNbvXp. Reconstruction work - financial matter mainly.sIm√m´p tPm¿Pns\ hcpØn Nne ksP£≥kv tI´p.P\p 12. sshIn´v Xpºa¨ ]≈nbnseØn Xmakn®p.P\p 21. IpS»\mSp ]≈nbn¬ Ip¿_m\, {]kwKw, s]mXptbmKwCh Ignv 12 aWn°p D≈∂q¿ ]≈nbnseØn cmPs‚ IeymWw\SØnb tijw cm{Xn 7. 30 \v Xncph\¥]pcsØØn. ]≈n _w•mhn¬ Xmakn®p. C. ‰n. tXmakns‚ ho´n¬ \n∂p `£Ww.P\p 22. Xnƒ. 2.30 \p tXmakns‚ c≠masØ aIs‚ IeymWw\SØn. cm{Xn 7. 30 \p XncphnXmwtIm´v FØn. s\øq¿ Bip]{Xnbn¬InS∂p Hcp Ip´n acn®p. AXns‚ ssXem`ntjIw t\csØ dºm®≥sN∂p \SØn. Fs‚ ImdnemWp t]mbXv. ihaS°w XncphnXmwtIm´v.ihaS°w Rm≥ IqSn tN¿∂p \SØn. tUm. ss\\m≥ amthen °cC°mcyØn¬ hfsc t¢iw kln®p. XncphnXmwtIm´v Hcp ]´°mc\p≠mbncnt°≠bmhiyw hfscbmWv. F¥p sNømw! Bfn√.P\phcn 23. s\øq¿ Bip]{Xn kµ¿in® tijw \mK¿tImhnen¬

236 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvSu¨ πm\nwKv Hm^ok¿ ^oent∏mkns‚ ho´n¬ \n∂p `£Ww Ign®p.Snbm≥ AhnsSbn√. dºm®\pw Rm\pw Hcpan®mWv bm{X sNbvXXv.cm{Xn XncphnXmwtIm´p ]≈nbn¬.P\p 24. XncphnXmwtIm´p \n∂p Xncn®p X°se FØn. sNß∂q¿ap≥kn^v tXmakns‚ ho´nepw tIm´bw D∏q´n¬ A®≥Ipns‚hkXnbnepw Ibdn Cdßn.C∂p s]cp©mWn AWbpw tImXbm¿ AWbpw sN∂p I≠p.henb t]mkn_nen‰okv D≈Xmbn Adnbp∂p. ImbpfØpImc≥F≥Pn\ob¿ ˛ ]pØ≥Imhn¬ Ingt°ho´n¬ aØmbn®s‚ acpaI≥ ˛h≈wIpfØp \me∏m´p Nmt°m®s‚ aI≥ F≥Pn\ob¿ Ch¿ ChnsSD≠v. Ah¿ F√m Imcyßfpw a\ nem°n X∂p. cm{Xn Xncph\¥]pcØp Xncns®Øn.P\phcn 25. cmhnse Xncph\¥]pcØp \n∂p ]pds∏´p. D®taiASq¿ s]mßeSn∏≈nbn¬. sshIn´p _tYen¬ FØn.P\phcn 26. sshIn´p XehSn Sn. Fw. Sn. sslkv°qfn¬ FØnhm¿jnIØn¬ B[y£yw hln®p. 6 \p Xncn®pt]m∂p. _m°nImcy߃°p Divl. Inspector A. K. Pilla sb NpaXes∏SpØnt∏m∂p.Rev. M. V. George (SIC) ""BZ¿i߃ sX‰nbmepw th≠n√, A£cm`ymkw D≠mbncn°Ww' F∂p {]kwKn®Xns\∏‰n Rm≥ hn]coXm`n{]mbw kqNn∏n®p.P\p 31. cmhnse ]Ø\wXn´ \n∂p hSs°°c ]≈nbnseØnIpcnin\p I√n´tijw Imcn®m¬ amØp°p´n (Afnb≥) bpsSihkwkv°mcw kw_‘n®p AhnsS FØn 12 aWn°p AXp \SØn.4 aWn°p tijw h´°mhp ]≈nbn¬ FØn.s^{_phcn 7 ˛ 8. tIm´bw skan\mcnbn¬.9, 10, 11 Abncq¿ tXm∏n¬ ]≈nbn¬. Ip¿_m\, {]kwKw,s]mXptbmKw. sXc´p ]m m°n. {SÃnsb sXcsSp°p∂Xn\psFIyw In´mXn\m¬ am‰n h®p.amthen°c sIm®pIpp C∂p 2.30 aWn°p Bip]{Xnbn¬ InS∂pacn®p. 5 aWn°p Bip]{Xnbn¬ FØn ihw kn. Fw. Fkv.ihh≠nbn¬ ho´nte°p sIm≠pt]mbn. Rm≥ IqSn AhnsS FØnHcp ip{iqj IqSn Ign®p {IaoIcW߃ sNbvXtijw Xg°cskan\mcnbnte°p t]m∂p.s^{_p. 12. cmhnse amthen°c ]≈nbn¬ Ip¿∫m\bv°pkw_‘n®p. sIm®pIpns‚ ihaS°w \SØnbtijw ho´n seØnsIm®Ωtbbpw a‰pw Bizkn∏n® tijw ho≠pw Bip]{Xn bn¬ FØn]dºnse sIm®pΩs‚ kpJt°Sv I≠p {]m¿∞n®p t]m∂p. _mhm

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 237Ct±lØn\p ssXem`ntjIw \SØn°gnp.D®bv°p ]mØmap´w …o_m ]≈nbnseØn tai Ignpdºm®\psamcpan®v tIm´bsØØn. B^okv tPmenIƒ.s^{_p 13 sNm∆. dm∂nbnse amh≥ shfp∏n\v 4 aWn°p acn®pt]mbXmbn t^m¨ In´nbXp aqew tIm´bØp \n∂p Xncn®ph´t»cn°c ]≈nbnseØn. kwkv°mcw Ignp Xncn®p t]m∂p. cm{Xn9 \p _tYen¬.s^{_phcn 17. A∏s‚ Hm¿ΩZnhkw {]amWn®p ]pØ≥Imhn¬sNm√n [q]w h®tijw πm‚¿ ]n. kn. Nmt°m Xncph√mbv°p hn.Ip¿_m\ sIm≠psN∂p sImSpØp. Xncn®p ]pØ≥Imhn¬ FØn.D®tai ho´n¬. ]n∂oSp ]pØ≥Imhp sslkv°qƒ hm¿jnIw{]amWn®p Rm≥ IqSn AhnsS FØn {]n≥kn∏¬ tPm¿Pv tXmakv,]¥fw tImfPv aebmf]finX≥ _p[\q¿ Sn. Fw. sNdnbm≥ F∂nh¿{]kwKn®p. 6 aWn°p tijw ]Ø\wXn´bv°p t]m∂p. am°mwIp∂p]≈nbn¬ Xmakn®p. ]Ø\wXn´ kvIqƒ hm¿jnIhpw.s^{_p. 18. h´t»cn¬ sa{Xm®s‚ Hm¿Ω. C∂p sshIn´pw \msfbpw˛ cm{Xn shSns°´pw.23. h´t»cn¬ sa{Xm®s‚ {im≤w. Rm≥ {]kwKn®p. 15 an\n‰v. 4aWn°p tijw tIm´bØp \n∂pw U]yq´n sk{I´dnbpsamcpan®ph´°m´®\pambn 6. 30 \p tijw sIm‰º≈nseØn. C∂p Ggp t]¿°p_mhm Xncpta\n k_v Uo°≥ ]´w sImSpØp. tXthmtZm kntbmkpwRm\pw ]sSpØp.s^{_phcn 25. ]pØ≥Imhp I¨h≥j≥ C∂mcw`n®p. Rm≥sNm√n D®bv°ptijw DZvLmS\{]kwKw \SØn. sshIn´v _nj∏vhm¬jv {]kwKn®p.s^{_p 27. ]pØ≥Imhp I¨h≥j≥. _nj∏v hm¬jns\ sNß∂q¿ FØn I≠p. tUm. tPmk^ns‚ ho´n¬ D®taibpw Ign®p.s^{_p 28. ]pØ≥Imhp IWnbm≥]dºn¬ Ipp (kn. H. DΩ≥)C∂p cm{Xn 10 \p acn®p. Rm≥ DS≥ sN∂v H∂mw sXivsa kvX\m\SØn.am¿®v 4. sNß∂q¿ ImfnIp∂nseØn ]≈nbpsS sNdnb IqZmi\SØn Ip¿∫m\ \SØn {]kwKn®p. D®°p tijw ]pØ≥Imhn seØnam¿ A{¥tbmkv Unkvs]≥kdn°p I√n´p. I¨h≥js‚ HSphnesØskj\n¬ kn. sF. ss\\m≥ {]kwKn®p.am¿®v 9. tImgt©cn ]≈nbn¬ Ip¿_m\, {]kwKw apXembhIgnp ]pØ≥ImhnseØn. Ipqpsamcpan®p Bephmbv°p

238 ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhvt]m∂p. tIm´bw skan\mcnbn¬ Ibdn _mhmsb I≠p. cm{Xn 6. 30\p tijw Bephm ssh. Fw. kn. F. bn¬ FØn Xmakn®p.am¿®v 10. cmhnse 8.30 \p Bephm Xr°p∂Øp skan\mcnbn seØnAØm\mtkymkv sa{Xm®\pambn 10 hsc kabw sNehgn®p. 10.30apX¬ 3.30 hsc Bephm tImfPv Iu¨knen¬ A[y£X hln®p. 4aWn°p A\pP≥ Ipqpsamcpan®p tImgnt°mSn\p t]m∂p. cm{Xn11 \p tijw tImgnt°mSp ]≈nbn¬ FØn. aWta¬ ]m∏®s‚_w•mhn¬ Xmakn®p.am¿®v 11. tImgnt°mSv sk‚ vtPm¿÷v ]≈nbn¬ t]mbn. H∂caWn°q¿ {]kwKn®p. ChnsS Cu ]≈n In´nbXv Hc\p{Klsat∂]dbm\p≈q. hfsc hrØnbmbn kq£n°s∏´ncn°p∂p. sshIn´v]m∏®s‚ Imdn¬ IS¬Xocw, iht°m´ apXembh kµ¿in®pXncns®Øn. F. Ipcy≥ (Ipqv) s‚ ho´n¬ \n∂v AØmgw Ign®p.cm{Xn ]m∏®s‚ _w•mhn¬. sshIn´v \akv°mcw Ignp 1/2 aWn°q¿{]kwKn®p.am¿®v 12. D®°ptijw Fw. kn. t]mØ\psam∂n®p ]pXp∏mSn Nm∏¬kµ¿in®p. tK‰n\SpØp hsc t]mbn. Xncn®p hcpwhgn Abn cq¿IpcpSmaÆn¬ Ahdm®s‚ hkXnbnepw Ibdn. 7 aWn°p Xncn®ptImgnt°m´p ]≈nbnseØn. \akv°mcw Ignp Hcp aWn°q¿{]kwKn®p. A\pP≥ Ipqns‚ ho´n¬. hna≥kv tlmkv]n‰¬AØmgw. Ip∂wIpfØp Cøm°p IØ\mcpw IqSn kw_‘n®p. cm{Xn]m∏®s‚ _w•mhn¬.am¿®v 13. cmhnse 9 aWn°p tImgnt°m´p \n∂p Xoh≠nbn¬ Xncn®pt]m∂p. 5. 30 Bephmbn¬ FØn. Ipqns\ AhnsS hnt´®pRm≥ tIm´bØn\p t]m∂p. cm{Xn 9 aWn°p Fw. Un. skan\mcnbn¬FØn Xmakn®p.am¿®v 14. cmhnse ]gbskan\mcnbnseØn. _mhm sNdnb]≈nbnembncp∂Xn\m¬ AhntSbv°p t]mbn. FcpØn°e®s‚"Xncn®nens\'' ]‰n kwkmcn®p. Rm≥ a¿t°m®t\bpw I≠p Xncn®pt]mcpw hgn ]memºSØp ]p∂®s‚ ho´n¬ CZw{]Yaambn Ibdn.FcpØn°¬ A®\pambn 4 aWn°qtdmfw kwkmcn®p. ^eap≠m bn√.D®`£Ww ]p∂®t‚Xv. {]m¿∞n® tijw Xncn®p t]m∂p. k‘ybv°p_tYen¬ FØn Stepped into P. C. Chacko’s.am¿®v 15, 16, 17. aq∂p Znhkhpw [mcmfw hmbn®p. FgpØpIƒ FgpXn.am¿®v 21. ]pØ≥Imhp ]≈nbn¬ 4 aWn°p Bdmw ^mdØnseIp´nIƒ°v bm{Xbb∏v. {]kwKn®p. The first batch since the school wasopened on 1st July 1948.

]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Icp-Ø-\mb h‡mhv 239am¿®v 23, 24. hmfIw. am¿®v 25, IpacIw.am¿®v 26. cmhnse hmfIØp \n∂p ]pds∏´p tIm´bØv FØn.CSbv°v aqhm‰p]pg Aca\bnepw Ibdn. cmtP{µ{]kmZv C∂ptIm´bØn\p h∂p. Rm≥ _mhmsb I≠tijw _tYente°p t]m∂p.tIm´bw Bip]{Xnbnepw Xncph√m Bip]{Xnbnepw A°csIm®p]m∏n®s‚ ho´nepw a‰pw FØn. Fw. Pn. tPm¨ PUvPnbpsSho´nepw a‰pw Ibdn. _tYen¬ cm{Xn 9 \p tijamWv FØnbXv. hfsc£oWn®p.am¿®v 28. cmhnse at\mcabpsS Pq_nen {]amWn®p 9 ˛ 1 hscbp≈ao‰nwKn¬ kw_‘n®p. cmtP{µ{]kmZv 12 \p ao‰nwKn¬ k∂nlnX\mbncp∂p. {]kwKw Ignp Xncn®pt]mbn. Rm≥ 1 1/2 °p _tYente°p Xncn®pt]mbn.Ahkm\sØ I¨h≥j≥ bm{X 1951 G{]n¬ 4 _p[≥.]Øp aWn°p ]n. Fkv. siΩmi\psamcpan®v ]gn I¨h≥j\pt]m∂p. cm{Xn Bephm s^temjn∏v lukn¬ Xmakn®p. Fw. ]n.tPm¨ am{X-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. "lukn's‚ BZ¿i߃ C\nbpw\S∏mbn´n√. Hcp Unmarried Priest Resident D≠mbncn°msX bmsXm∂pw\S°pIbn√.G{]n¬ 5. cmhnse s^temjn∏v lukn¬ \n∂p t]m∂p. Fw.sXmΩ\pw h∂p kwkmcn®p. ""One House.' tImfPnseØn ‰n. kn.tPmk^nt\bpw tPmjzm siΩm»t\bpw a‰pw I≠p. siΩm»s‚Bishop’s College Programme. If he decides to lead an unmarried life, Ipromised to pay Rs. 200 - the initial expenditure. He said he was. D®°ptUm. Nocs‚ hkXnbn¬ `£Ww. 4 aWn°p tijw ]gnbn seØn.cm{Xn siΩmi\pw Rm\pw {]kwKn®p. I¨h≥j≥ D¬LmS\w.G{]n¬ 6 sh≈n. ]gn Im°p A®s‚ hkXnbn¬ FØn.Zo\Ønembncn°p∂ A®\pth≠n {]m¿∞n®p. Ip∂pfw Nm°pÆnA®\pap≠mbncp∂p. Xncn®p hcpwhgn GN-°m≥ hdoXns‚bpwho´nseØn Zo\°nS°bnembncp∂ Snbm\p th≠n {]m¿∞n®p.