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AMSI Summer School 2010 Student Information Guide (Web Edition)

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8TH ANNUAL<br />

<strong>AMSI</strong> SUMMER SCHOOL<br />

11 JAN TO 5 FEB, <strong>2010</strong><br />

LA TROBE UNIVERSITY<br />

SOAP FILMS: MINIMAL SURFACES AND<br />

PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS<br />

Dr Maria Athanassenas | Monash University<br />

GEOMETRY AND<br />

GROUP ACTIONS<br />

Dr Grant Cairns | La Trobe University<br />

INTRODUCTION TO THE NUMERICAL<br />

APPROXIMATION OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS<br />

Dr Markus Hegland | Australian National University<br />

MEASURE<br />

THEORY<br />

Dr Marty Ross<br />

APPLICATIONS OF MATHEMATICS AND<br />

STATISTICS TO BIOINFORMATICS<br />

Dr Conrad Burden | Australian National University<br />

NONPARAMETRIC<br />

CURVE ESTIMATION<br />

Dr Aurore Delaigle | University of Melbourne<br />

COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY IN<br />

THEORY AND PRACTICE<br />

Dr Marcel Jackson | La Trobe University<br />

STUDENT<br />

INFORMATION<br />

GUIDE<br />

1


2<br />

WELCOME CONTENTS<br />

PROFESSOR GRANT CAIRNS<br />

DIRECTOR<br />

<strong>AMSI</strong> SUMMER SCHOOL <strong>2010</strong><br />

LA TROBE UNIVERSITY<br />

Welcome to the <strong>AMSI</strong> <strong>2010</strong> <strong>Summer</strong><br />

<strong>School</strong>. It is going to be an exciting<br />

four weeks, and I hope you are<br />

looking forward to it as much as<br />

I am. We are fortunate to be able<br />

to offer seven interesting courses,<br />

from pure and applied mathematics,<br />

to statistics and bioinformatics. In<br />

addition there are numerous events<br />

to maintain your interest: talks<br />

by high profi le mathematicians,<br />

excursions to Federation Square,<br />

Hanging Rock and Ocean Grove,<br />

juggling, maths-movies, bbqs and a<br />

lot more.<br />

I hope you take this opportunity to<br />

make contacts throughout Australia,<br />

and above all that you enjoy<br />

learning a lot of new mathematics<br />

and statistics.<br />

PROFESSOR GEOFF PRINCE<br />

DIRECTOR<br />

AUSTRALIAN MATHEMATICAL<br />

SCIENCES INSTITUTE (<strong>AMSI</strong>)<br />

The Australian Mathematical<br />

Sciences Institute (<strong>AMSI</strong>) is a<br />

collaborative venture of most of<br />

Australia’s mathematical sciences<br />

departments, societies and<br />

government agencies. The Annual<br />

<strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> is a quintessential<br />

<strong>AMSI</strong> activity: a national event aimed<br />

at enriching your mathematical and<br />

statistical education. This year’s<br />

program looks great and the format<br />

will let you completely immerse<br />

yourself for four weeks. For many of<br />

you this <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> marks the<br />

start of your most intense year at<br />

university: honours.<br />

I wish you real enjoyment of this<br />

challenging and life-changing<br />

experience and I hope that you make<br />

lasting friendships at La Trobe.<br />

Speakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<br />

<strong>Student</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>lines . . . . . . . . . . 6<br />

Subject <strong>Guide</strong>s . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8<br />

Map: City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22<br />

Map: Federation Square. . . . . 24<br />

Map: La Trobe Aerial . . . . . . . 25<br />

Map: La Trobe Campus . . . . . 26<br />

Map: Tram Route 86. . . . . . . . 28<br />

Travel <strong>Information</strong>. . . . . . . . . . 29<br />

Services on Campus . . . . . . . 33<br />

<strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> Excursions . . 36<br />

Graduate Study at La Trobe . . 42<br />

Places to Eat and Go . . . . . . . 43<br />

Timetable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47<br />

SUMMER<br />

SCHOOL<br />

LIVE::::::::::<br />

Keep updated on what’s<br />

happening at the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong><br />

with live updates, including:<br />

• information regarding activities<br />

and excursions<br />

• messages from lecturers<br />

• timetable changes<br />

• important notifi cations<br />

www.latrobe.edu.au/mathstats/<br />

summerschool/live


<strong>AMSI</strong> SUMMER SCHOOL <strong>2010</strong><br />

MONDAY 11 JANUARY TO FRIDAY 5 FEBRUARY <strong>2010</strong><br />

The <strong>AMSI</strong> <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> offers honours and postgraduate students a variety of courses<br />

in the mathematical sciences, some of which may not normally be available at their home<br />

institutions. With the approval of their home university, honours and coursework masters<br />

students may take courses for credit towards their degree.<br />

The summer school also encourages the participation of PhD and research masters<br />

students in the mathematical sciences who may wish to broaden their mathematical<br />

foundations. The courses are also open to postgraduate students from cognate areas<br />

who wish to extend their knowledge of appropriate areas of mathematics and statistics.<br />

The <strong>AMSI</strong> <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong>’s appeal has proven to be of interest to students from Physics,<br />

Engineering, Biomedical Science and Commerce (Finance, Risk Management and other<br />

quantitative areas), among others. Enrolment is also possible for staff employed in an<br />

Australian University or any of the other member organisations of <strong>AMSI</strong>.<br />

ABOUT THE SUMMER SCHOOL<br />

La Trobe University is host to the eighth annual <strong>AMSI</strong> <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> designed for<br />

mathematics and statistics honours and coursework masters students. The four-week<br />

program consists of courses in pure mathematics and applied mathematics and statistics.<br />

<strong>Student</strong>s enjoy a stimulating atmosphere where opportunities for the interchange of ideas<br />

both with one another and with the lecturers exist. The feeling of camaraderie and the<br />

opportunity to share mathematical experiences with a larger group of students are key<br />

features of the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong>. Social events such as morning teas and barbecues also<br />

contribute to the experience.<br />

BACKGROUND<br />

The Australian Mathematics Sciences Institute (<strong>AMSI</strong>) is a national consortium established<br />

through a grant from the Victorian Government and funds from thirty-one <strong>AMSI</strong> member<br />

institutions. In 2002 the Federal Government announced funding which enabled <strong>AMSI</strong> to<br />

run a program of summer courses for honours and coursework masters students in the<br />

mathematical sciences. Previous summer schools have been held at the University of<br />

Melbourne (2003), University of New South Wales (2004), Australian National University<br />

(2005), RMIT University (2006), University of Sydney (2007), Monash University (2008)<br />

and the University of Wollongong (2009).<br />

3


4<br />

SPEAKERS<br />

MARIA ATHANASSENAS<br />

Maria.Athanassenas@sci.monash.edu.au<br />

Maria Athanassenas was born in Thessaloniki, Greece. She studied at the<br />

University of Bonn, Germany, amidst the (mathematical and other) happenings<br />

of the day, with a stint at the University of Hamburg (for the sea change and<br />

DESY, the German synchrotron), and an exchange year at the University of<br />

Pennsylvania (to learn PDEs from Jerry Kazdan, but not only). Maria completed<br />

her PhD at the University of Bonn, under the supervision of Stefan Hildebrandt.<br />

She moved to Melbourne in 1992, for a postdoctoral position at the University of<br />

Melbourne, and to fi nally meet those wombats!<br />

Maria is currently working as Senior Lecturer, <strong>School</strong> of Mathematical Sciences,<br />

Monash University. Research-wise she is interested in Capillarity from a<br />

mathematical point of view: using tools from differential geometry, partial<br />

differential equations, measure theory and calculus of variations.<br />

CONRAD BURDEN<br />

Conrad.Burden@anu.edu.au<br />

Conrad Burden received his BSc in applied mathematics from the University of<br />

Queensland in 1978, his PhD in theoretical physics from the Australian National<br />

University in 1983, and is a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Physics. For the<br />

fi rst 16 years of his academic career his research interests centred on subatomic<br />

particle physics and quantum fi eld theory. After a brief sojourn in the IT industry<br />

he made the transition to bioinformation science in 2003.<br />

Conrad is currently a Fellow in the Centre for Bioinformation Science at the<br />

Australian National University where his research interests include modelling of<br />

oligonucleotide microarrays, alignment free sequence comparison methods, gene<br />

regulation and protein structure.<br />

GRANT CAIRNS<br />

G.Cairns@latrobe.edu.au<br />

Grant studied electrical engineering at the University of Queensland, before<br />

completing a doctorate in differential geometry in Montpellier, France, under the<br />

direction of Pierre Molino. He spent two years at the University of Geneva, and<br />

a one year postdoc at the University of Waterloo, Canada, before coming to La<br />

Trobe. Grant is a maths enthusiast and enjoys researching and studying all kinds<br />

of maths.<br />

Grant has a serious addiction to maths books, and maths-related books, and<br />

seldom reads anything else. Fortunately, Grant has a very happy family life,<br />

thanks to his loving wife Romana and their sons, Des and Max.


AURORE DELAIGLE<br />

A.Delaigle@ms.unimelb.edu.au<br />

Aurore Delaigle received her PhD in Statistics from the Université catholique de<br />

Louvain in Belgium. After her PhD, she spent three years in California, where she<br />

did a one-year postdoc at the University of California at Davis, and then became<br />

an Assistant Professor at the University of California in San Diego. At the end of<br />

the three years, she moved back to Europe and took a lecturer job in Bristol, UK<br />

and later on became a reader in Statistics at the University of Bristol.<br />

Aurore is currently a QEII fellow at the University of Melbourne. Her research<br />

focuses mainly on nonparametric statistics and problems of measurement errors.<br />

MARKUS HEGLAND<br />

Markus.Hegland@anu.edu.au<br />

Markus is fascinated by the computational challenges posed by high dimensions<br />

and ill-posedness (where the results do not depend continuously on the data),<br />

applications in machine learning and biology and the mathematical theory<br />

which reveals initially hidden computational tractability. He is also interested<br />

in implementations - now mostly in Python - of effi cient parallel numerical<br />

algorithms. Markus is a Senior Fellow at the ANU, and is member of the ARC<br />

Centre in Bioinformatics.<br />

Markus has started tutoring in high school, has taught introductory courses in<br />

numerical analysis at the ETH in Switzerland and advanced courses at the ANU.<br />

He does also enjoy coming to the <strong>AMSI</strong> <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong>s. He has taught 3 times<br />

at <strong>AMSI</strong> before, twice in Melbourne and once in Sydney. He was director of the<br />

<strong>AMSI</strong> <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> when it was hosted by the ANU in 2005.<br />

MARCEL JACKSON<br />

M.G.Jackson@latrobe.edu.au<br />

Marcel Jackson is a senior lecturer in mathematics at La Trobe University. He<br />

has an active interest in semigroup theory and universal algebra, including<br />

their interplay with aspects of theoretical computer science and computational<br />

complexity.<br />

Aside from a general interest in things mathematical, Marcel is also quite easily<br />

enthused on other topics: fruits, rocks, rain, coastal shrub, noise, ...<br />

MARTY ROSS<br />

MartiniRossi@gmail.com<br />

Marty Ross is a mathematical bum. At the age of 2, he ran away from America<br />

to join the circus. After some controversy involving an elephant, he returned to<br />

America to do his PhD on geometric analysis at Stanford University. After a stint<br />

at Rice University, he came home to Australia. Since then, he has wandered from<br />

maths department to maths department, aimless but happy.<br />

5


6<br />

STUDENT GUIDELINES<br />

TAKING SUBJECTS FOR CREDIT<br />

Some universities recognise <strong>AMSI</strong> <strong>Summer</strong><br />

<strong>School</strong> subjects and will credit your results<br />

from the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> towards your<br />

degree, however, not all universities will<br />

recognise <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> results. In<br />

other cases, some university departments<br />

will recognise <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> subjects,<br />

while other departments may not. There<br />

may also be restrictions on the amount of<br />

credit granted, with some universities only<br />

allowing one <strong>AMSI</strong> <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> subject<br />

count towards your degree.<br />

Different universities have different<br />

mechanisms for accrediting <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong><br />

subjects; many will require you to enrol<br />

in a subject at your home university, and<br />

then return your <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> mark for<br />

that subject. The <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> provides<br />

guidelines to lecturers on assessment, and<br />

after the assessment has been completed,<br />

the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> returns the results to<br />

the student’s home university. However, the<br />

<strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> plays no role in how these<br />

results are used, and cannot guarantee that<br />

marks will be accredited towards a degree.<br />

It is the responsibility of students to resolve<br />

this matter with their home university.<br />

If you haven’t done so already, you are<br />

strongly advised to contact your Head of<br />

Department or Honours Coordinator for<br />

guidance as to whether or not, and how,<br />

your <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> subjects may be<br />

accredited by your home university.<br />

FOR CREDIT (FC) AND NOT FOR<br />

CREDIT (NFC)<br />

It is important that lecturers know whether<br />

you are taking their subjects for credit, or<br />

not for credit. If you are taking a subject<br />

for credit, you must confi rm your intention<br />

to do so by the start of the fourth week of<br />

the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong>. Our advice is that you<br />

should take at most one subject for credit.<br />

SUBJECT OR SUBJECTS?<br />

You may enrol in at most two <strong>Summer</strong><br />

<strong>School</strong> subjects. You are welcome to sit<br />

in on other subjects, especially in week<br />

one. However, printed course materials are<br />

reserved for students who have enrolled in<br />

the particular subject. You may change your<br />

choice of subjects in the fi rst week of the<br />

<strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong>; if you do, please notify the<br />

lecturers, and the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> Director.<br />

SUBJECT INFORMATION<br />

GUIDES AND PREREQUISITE<br />

KNOWLEDGE<br />

Subject guides and information about<br />

prerequisite knowledge for each course are<br />

available on the following pages and on the<br />

Courses web page for each subject:<br />

www.latrobe.edu.au/mathstats/<br />

summerschool/courses<br />

ASSESSMENT<br />

Due to the compressed nature of<br />

the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong>, the rhythm of<br />

assignments, and the nature of the exam,<br />

assessment might be quite different to<br />

what you are used to. Make sure you<br />

understand the assessment details in the<br />

subject or subjects that you take. Also,<br />

it is very important that you respect the<br />

assessment deadlines. The lecturers will<br />

want to give back assignments as soon<br />

as possible so that students can obtain<br />

feedback on how they are going, therefore<br />

might be very reluctant to offer extensions<br />

on assignments. Also, as lecturers are<br />

required to return overall results shortly<br />

after the conclusion of the <strong>Summer</strong><br />

<strong>School</strong> there will be very little opportunity<br />

for alternate examination arrangements<br />

(which sometimes occurs in the normal<br />

running of university subjects). It is the<br />

particular nature of the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong><br />

that students are in part assessed on their


ability to complete a series of demanding<br />

assessment tasks in a very short time<br />

period.<br />

SPECIAL CONSIDERATION<br />

Requests for special consideration should<br />

not go through the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong><br />

institution’s student/academic services.<br />

Instead, requests for special consideration<br />

should go directly to the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong><br />

Director, who will provide a copy to the<br />

lecturer. Requests must be in writing and<br />

should include documented evidence<br />

as appropriate. Any action on a special<br />

consideration request will be conducted in<br />

consultation between the lecturer and the<br />

<strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> Director.<br />

Due to the short duration of the <strong>Summer</strong><br />

<strong>School</strong>, special consideration requests<br />

cannot be treated entirely in the usual<br />

way. For example, a student may become<br />

ill for a fortnight and thus prevented for<br />

participating in half the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong>.<br />

This kind of event is unfortunate, but it can’t<br />

be resolved by the special consideration<br />

process. Ultimately, the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong><br />

has to report back to the home universities<br />

that the competencies attained are at the<br />

Australian honours level. Consequently,<br />

special consideration requests will be<br />

examined subject to the following principle:<br />

• consideration may be given for<br />

circumstances that prevented the<br />

student showing what they had<br />

succeeded in learning; and,<br />

• consideration won’t be given for<br />

circumstances that prevented the<br />

student from learning.<br />

EQUITY AND ACCESS<br />

For students with disabilities, Equity and<br />

Access requests (e.g. materials in alternate<br />

forms such as large print) should go<br />

directly to the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> Director,<br />

who will liaise with the lecturer and with<br />

the local Equity and Access Centre to<br />

provide appropriate support. For materials<br />

to be prepared in time, applications should<br />

normally be made well in advance of the<br />

commencement of the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong>.<br />

PLAGIARISM AND COPYING<br />

We stress that plagiarism or copying is not<br />

acceptable and will incur penalties, which<br />

may be as severe as failure in the subject.<br />

COMPLAINTS<br />

Complaints by students should be<br />

addressed in writing to the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong><br />

Director:<br />

Professor Grant Cairns<br />

Director of the <strong>AMSI</strong> <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong><br />

Offi ce 217<br />

Physical Sciences 2<br />

Department of Mathematics and Statistics<br />

La Trobe University<br />

Bundoora Victoria 3086<br />

T: +61 (0)3 9479 1106<br />

T: +61 (0)403 519 678<br />

F: +61 (0)3 9479 2466<br />

E: G.Cairns@latrobe.edu.au<br />

7


8<br />

SUBJECT GUIDE<br />

SOAP FILMS - MINIMAL SURFACES AND<br />

PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (SPF)<br />

MARIA ATHANASSENAS<br />

SYNOPSIS<br />

Minimal surfaces exhibit some intriguing<br />

behaviour that, to some extent, we are<br />

familiar with from playing with soap fi lms<br />

and soap bubbles. Having minimal surfaces<br />

as the Leitmotiv, and depending on<br />

students’ background and various interests<br />

we will cover topics in<br />

• Geometry of surfaces –<br />

parametrisation, fi rst and second<br />

fundamental forms, notions of<br />

curvature;<br />

• Calculus of variations – minimising<br />

“energy”/ surface area, fi rst and second<br />

variation of functionals;<br />

• Introduction to elliptic partial differential<br />

equations of second order (including<br />

Sobolev spaces and basic solution<br />

techniques from functional analysis);<br />

• Fun results on minimal surfaces.<br />

CONTACT HOURS<br />

7 hours of lectures per week, with consultation as<br />

requested/required. <strong>Information</strong> on timetabling is<br />

located at the back of this booklet and also on the<br />

Timetable web page.<br />

FOR CREDIT (FC) AND<br />

NOT FOR CREDIT (NFC)<br />

Are you taking this subject for credit in your home<br />

institution? If so, I need to know. I’ll take a roll in the<br />

fi rst class. You can change your mind afterwards, but<br />

students taking this subject for credit must confi rm<br />

their intention to do so by the start of the third week<br />

of the school.<br />

PREREQUISITES<br />

We’ll assume familiarity with:<br />

• the fundamental concepts of analysis in<br />

Euclidean Space (infs and sups, open and<br />

closed sets, continuity, completeness and<br />

compactness, differentiability);<br />

• basic notions of linear algebra (vector spaces,<br />

inner products, quadratic forms, eigenvalues);<br />

• basic notions of multivariable calculus<br />

(level sets, graphs of functions, parametric<br />

representation of curves and surfaces,<br />

divergence theorem);<br />

• some basic notions of complex analysis, metric<br />

spaces – would be helpful, but we can talk<br />

about them;<br />

• some introductory knowledge of differential<br />

geometry on curves and surfaces would be<br />

fantastic, but not assumed.<br />

Obviously, the stronger your background, the<br />

happier the lecturer! I will circulate a questionnaire in<br />

the fi rst lecture asking you to indicate at which level<br />

you classify your knowledge of the various topics.<br />

ASSESSMENT<br />

I’m open to negotiation, but the proposal is:<br />

• Problems assigned during lectures (50%) –<br />

this component can include a short project,<br />

depending on class size and interest;<br />

• Take-home exam (50%).


RESOURCES<br />

Lecture notes<br />

My lecturing style is to write on the board from my<br />

handwritten notes. For the last few years I have<br />

experimented with scanning volunteer students’<br />

notes after the class (they get free editing in<br />

exchange...), and everybody seemed happy. Last<br />

semester we also photographed the boards, but had<br />

some non-standard arrangements for linking them,<br />

as fi les were getting large.<br />

Textbook<br />

For the fi rst week I will be using my own notes–<br />

some introduction to differential geometry and<br />

calculus of variations.<br />

Week two and three will be following material<br />

chosen from “Partial Differential Equations” by<br />

Lawrence C. Evans, AMS, Graduate Studies (GMS<br />

19). It seems a good idea if the book is available at<br />

your institution, to arrange to bring a copy along, but<br />

please negotiate to share with your friends.<br />

The last week will be devoted to selected topics on<br />

minimal surfaces and I plan to follow (in a rather free<br />

way) some bits and pieces from “Minimal Surfaces”,<br />

by U. Dierkes, S. Hildebrandt, A. Küster, O. Wohlrab,<br />

Springer, Comprehensive Studies in Mathematics<br />

296.<br />

9


10<br />

SUBJECT GUIDE<br />

APPLICATIONS OF MATHEMATICS AND<br />

STATISTICS TO BIOINFORMATICS (BIO)<br />

CONRAD BURDEN<br />

SYNOPSIS<br />

Bioinformatics is a rapidly growing<br />

interdisciplinary fi eld concerned with the<br />

use of computational methods to solve<br />

biological problems related to DNA and<br />

amino acid sequence information. Typical<br />

problems addressed by bioinformaticians<br />

are identifying functionally different parts<br />

of a genome, searching DNA or protein<br />

databases to fi nd sequences which<br />

are functionally similar to a given query<br />

sequence, or inferring the relatedness of<br />

different species by measuring the similarity<br />

of their genomes. The course will cover the<br />

mathematical theory behind some of the<br />

algorithms commonly used by biologists<br />

and also give examples of current research.<br />

The course is divided into four sections:<br />

1. A crash course in probability and<br />

statistics,<br />

2. Analysis of a single DNA sequence,<br />

3. Analysis of multiple DNA or protein<br />

sequences,<br />

4. Alignment-free sequence comparisons.<br />

CONTACT HOURS<br />

7 hours of lectures per week, with consultation as<br />

requested/required. <strong>Information</strong> on timetabling is<br />

located at the back of this booklet and also on the<br />

Timetable web page.<br />

PREREQUISITES<br />

Some exposure to probability and statistics would be<br />

very helpful. I will start from scratch, but the scratch<br />

may be very scratchy if you have not previously<br />

done any probability theory. Little or no knowledge<br />

of biology will be assumed, and I will devote one<br />

lecture to the small amount of biology needed.<br />

BACKGROUND<br />

Lecture notes summarising the probability and<br />

statistics covered in the fi rst section of the course<br />

are available on this course web page. Copious use<br />

will be made of this material in the remainder of the<br />

course. Among more familiar material, it includes<br />

material which is not generally given in introductory<br />

undergraduate courses such as extreme value<br />

statistics.<br />

Note: Before the summer school begins, it is advised<br />

that students familiarise themselves with this course<br />

using the lecture notes on the web site.<br />

ASSESSMENT<br />

One take-home exam which will be made available<br />

at the beginning of the course. It is divided into the<br />

four sections set out above.<br />

SUBMITTING ASSIGNMENTS BY EMAIL OR<br />

MAIL<br />

The deadline for submitting assignments is Friday<br />

12th February. Your solutions can either be scanned<br />

(or typeset in LATEX if you are really keen, but you<br />

won’t get any extra brownie points) and emailed to<br />

me at Conrad.Burden@anu.edu.au or sent through<br />

the snail mail to:<br />

Conrad Burden<br />

Mathematical Sciences Institute<br />

Building 27<br />

Australian National University<br />

Canberra ACT 0200<br />

If sending by snail mail, allow a couple of days to<br />

reach me by the deadline, keep a photocopy and<br />

send an email to let me know it is coming.


RESOURCES<br />

Lecture notes<br />

My lecturing style is to write on the board from<br />

my handwritten notes. If people fi nd this format<br />

impossible, we could see about scanning my notes.<br />

Textbook<br />

Much of the material for the fi rst three sections is<br />

from the graduate textbook Statistical Methods in<br />

Bioinformatics: An Introduction by W.J. Ewens and<br />

G.R. Grant (2nd Ed., Springer, New York, NY).<br />

The fi nal section is based on research currently<br />

being carried out by the bioinformatics group in the<br />

Mathematical Sciences Institute at ANU.<br />

Software<br />

Some of the take-home exam questions require<br />

programming with the open source statistical<br />

software package R, which can be downloaded from<br />

http://cran.r-project.org/<br />

11


12<br />

SUBJECT GUIDE<br />

GEOMETRY AND GROUP ACTIONS (GGA)<br />

GRANT CAIRNS<br />

SYNOPSIS<br />

Not only are there many geometries, but<br />

there are many approaches to geometry.<br />

We will look at an approach that one could<br />

arguably say is the mainstream, modern<br />

approach. Here, instead of building on<br />

a choice of axioms or postulates, one<br />

chooses a particular set, equipped with a<br />

particular structure, and one studies the<br />

resulting geometric properties, that are<br />

invariant under the group of automorphisms<br />

of the structure. In this subject, we’ll start<br />

with some classical geometries (Euclidean,<br />

inversive, hyperbolic, Minkowskian). We’ll<br />

then look at group actions, use them to<br />

generate some group theoretic notions, and<br />

then return to play with geometry again.<br />

CONTACT HOURS<br />

7 hours of lectures per week, with consultation<br />

as requested/required. <strong>Information</strong> on timetabling<br />

is located at the back of this booklet and also on<br />

the Timetable web page. My offi ce is Room 217,<br />

Physical Sciences 2. Feel free to see me at any<br />

time, I’ll be in most days.<br />

FOR CREDIT (FC) AND<br />

NOT FOR CREDIT (NFC)<br />

Are you taking this subject for credit in your home<br />

institution? If so, I need to know. I’ll take a roll in the<br />

fi rst class. You can change your mind afterwards, but<br />

students taking this subject for credit must confi rm<br />

their intention to do so by the start of the last week<br />

of the school.<br />

PREREQUISITES<br />

The course doesn’t assume any background in<br />

geometry and the course doesn’t use topology. You<br />

will need to have done a basic course on linear<br />

algebra. When we get to groups we will start with<br />

the defi nition, so technically it is possible to do this<br />

subject without having done group theory before.<br />

However, the pace is quite fast, so it is preferable<br />

that you have already done an introductory course<br />

on groups, or algebra in general. The main thing to<br />

note is that the course involves a lot of “proofs”, so<br />

it is essential that you have done some proof-based<br />

mathematical studies, and that you’re comfortable<br />

and confi dent in writing out arguments in a coherent<br />

and rigorous manner.<br />

BACKGROUND<br />

While the course doesn’t assume any specifi c<br />

background knowledge in geometry, the geometry<br />

part of the course is undoubtedly the most<br />

challenging. The group theory part of the course is<br />

more straight-forward, and the assignment problems<br />

are usually done by doing the (hopefully) obvious<br />

thing. The geometry part sometimes requires you<br />

to just see how to do it. A good preparation for this<br />

course would be to read a little geometry. Classical<br />

texts include:<br />

• H.S.M. Coxeter, Introduction to geometry,<br />

Wiley Classics Library, 1989.<br />

• Dan Pedoe, Geometry, Dover<br />

Publications,1988.<br />

• M.J. Greenberg, Euclidean and non-Euclidean<br />

geometries, W. H. Freeman and Co, 2007.<br />

The approach in these texts is not the same as the<br />

one adopted in this course, but the geometric fl avour<br />

is similar.<br />

ASSESSMENT<br />

I’m open to negotiation, but the proposal is:<br />

• Three assignments (total: 75%), due in<br />

at 2.15pm, by the commencement of the<br />

Wednesday lectures on Jan 20, Jan 27, and<br />

Feb 3.<br />

• Take-home exam (25%). Handed out at the<br />

end of the <strong>School</strong> and due in by 5pm Friday<br />

Feb 12.<br />

SUBMITTING ASSIGNMENTS BY FAX, EMAIL<br />

OR IN PERSON<br />

Assignments and the exam may be submitted<br />

in person, by fax (03 9479 2466) or by email<br />

(G.Cairns@latrobe.edu.au).


LATE SUBMISSION POLICY<br />

Because of the short duration of the <strong>Summer</strong><br />

<strong>School</strong>, it’s important that I mark assignments and<br />

get them back to you as soon as possible, so you<br />

can get some feedback. So I am very reluctant to<br />

allow extensions of deadlines. After all, it is true that<br />

is in the nature of <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong>s that students are<br />

in part assessed on their ability to complete a series<br />

of demanding assessment tasks in a very short time<br />

period. The Late Submission Policy is therefore<br />

rather draconian:<br />

• Your mark (whether it be for an assignment<br />

and the exam), will be multiplied by 48/(48 + x),<br />

where x is the number of hours late.<br />

• No assignments will be accepted after<br />

students’ answers have been returned.<br />

RESOURCES<br />

Lecture notes (which do get quite opinionated at<br />

times) are available for download. A printed copy<br />

of the Lecture notes will be provided for students<br />

registered in this subject.<br />

This subject will follow the lecture notes closely; the<br />

intention is to cover the four chapters in the four<br />

weeks. Chapter 1 is the longest, and will take over a<br />

week to go through.<br />

13


14<br />

SUBJECT GUIDE<br />

NONPARAMETRIC CURVE ESTIMATION (EST)<br />

AURORE DELAIGLE<br />

SYNPOSIS<br />

Estimation of a curve from data is often<br />

achieved by assuming that the curve is<br />

known up to the value of some coeffi cients<br />

(for example, it is a straight line, but we<br />

need to estimate the coeffi cients of the<br />

line). Nonparametric methods are fl exible<br />

techniques which enable us to construct<br />

good estimators of a curve without<br />

assuming that it has a specifi ed shape (the<br />

shape is entirely driven by the data). This<br />

course provides an introduction to popular<br />

techniques such as spline and kernel<br />

methods.<br />

Topics covered: several techniques of<br />

nonparametric estimation of a density<br />

and of a regression curve. If time<br />

permits: introduction to other topics in<br />

nonparamertric statistics (e.g. bootstrap).<br />

CONTACT HOURS<br />

7 hours of lectures per week, with consultation as<br />

requested/required. <strong>Information</strong> on timetabling is<br />

located at the back of this booklet and also on the<br />

Timetable web page.<br />

BACKGROUND<br />

Preliminary material for this course is available for<br />

download from the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> web site.<br />

Note: Before the summer school begins, students<br />

should ensure they prepare for this course using the<br />

background notes.<br />

ASSESSMENT<br />

Take-home exam. Handed out at the end of the<br />

<strong>School</strong> and due in by 5pm Friday 12 February.<br />

SUBMITTING ASSIGNMENTS BY EMAIL OR IN<br />

PERSON<br />

The exam may be submitted in person or by email<br />

A.Delaigle@ms.unimelb.edu.au.<br />

RESOURCES<br />

Lecture notes<br />

Lecture notes will be provided for this course.<br />

Textbooks<br />

• Kernel density estimation:<br />

Silverman, B. (1986). Density Estimation for<br />

Statistics and Data Analysis, Chapman and<br />

Hall, London.<br />

Wand, M.P. and Jones, M.C. (1995). Kernel<br />

Smoothing. Chapman and Hall, London.<br />

• Kernel regression estimation:<br />

Wand, M.P. and Jones, M.C. (1995). Kernel<br />

Smoothing. Chapman and Hall, London.<br />

Fan, J. and Gijbels, I. (1996). Local polynomial<br />

modelling and its applications. Chapman and<br />

Hall, London.<br />

• Spline regression:<br />

Ruppert, D., Wand, M.P. and Carroll, R.J.<br />

(2003). Semiparametric regression. Cambridge<br />

University Press.<br />

Hastie, Tibshirani and Friedman (2009). The<br />

elements of statistical learning (2nd <strong>Edition</strong>),<br />

Springer, New York.<br />

• Other methods:<br />

Fan, J. and Gijbels, I. (1996). Local polynomial<br />

modelling and its applications. Chapman and<br />

Hall, London.<br />

Hastie, Tibshirani and Friedman (2009). The<br />

elements of statistical learning (2nd <strong>Edition</strong>),<br />

Springer, New York.


16<br />

SUBJECT GUIDE<br />

INTRODUCTION TO THE NUMERICAL APPROXIMATION<br />

OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (APP)<br />

MARKUS HEGLAND<br />

SYNOPSIS<br />

Partial differential equations are the<br />

most widely used mathematical tool in<br />

modern computational science. They are<br />

indispensable in engineering from the<br />

design of new computer processors to<br />

building air planes and in environmental<br />

science in weather prediction and<br />

understanding Tsunamis. Increasingly,<br />

PDEs are used in the biological and<br />

medical sciences for example to understand<br />

heart disease and the spread of diseases<br />

and pests.<br />

Most partial differential equations have no<br />

known explicit solutions and so numerical<br />

simulation is the main tool used to gain<br />

scientifi c insights from PDEs. The results<br />

depend crucially on the quality of the<br />

simulations. Numerical analysis is the<br />

subdiscipline of mathematics which uses<br />

mathematical analysis to understand how<br />

good numerical simulations are. In this<br />

course we discuss methods which were<br />

developed in the 1970s and in the last ten<br />

years for approximating solutions of PDEs.<br />

They originate from a reformulation of<br />

elliptic PDEs as an optimisation problem.<br />

Computational convenience and effi ciency<br />

is obtained by models based on piecewise<br />

polynomial functions. At the end we will<br />

consider current research in multiscale<br />

and wavelet methods which promise to<br />

revolutionise PDE simulations.<br />

COURSE OUTLINE<br />

The course will provide an introduction to the<br />

numerical solution of linear elliptic and parabolic<br />

partial differential equations. Topics covered include<br />

fi nite elements, problems with constraints, time and<br />

space discretisation and in the last week modern<br />

wavelet-based solution techniques.<br />

• Week 1: Elliptic problems, Sobolev spaces,<br />

Lax-Milgram, Galerkin methods, basic fi nite<br />

elements, Cea’s lemma, Aubin-Nitsche, etc<br />

following book by D. Braess<br />

• Week 2: Elliptic problems with constraints,<br />

inf-sup condition and theorems by Brezzi et al<br />

again from Braess<br />

• Week 3: Parabolic problems, semi-discrete and<br />

discrete, theory from Vidar Thomee, mostly<br />

from chapter one<br />

• Week 4: Solving PDEs with wavelets, based<br />

on a tutorial by W. Dahmen and the newer<br />

research literature. Including multiresolution,<br />

norm equivalence and adaptive algorithms.<br />

I will cover mostly 1 to 3 dimensional problems but<br />

will mention higher dimensions as well.<br />

CONTACT HOURS<br />

7 hours of lectures per week, with consultation as<br />

requested/required. <strong>Information</strong> on timetabling is<br />

located at the back of this booklet and also on the<br />

Timetable web page.<br />

ASSESSMENT<br />

<strong>Student</strong>s will be assessed by an exam and have<br />

three assignments including programming tasks<br />

(in Python). We will have lab sessions with an<br />

introduction to Python programming.<br />

REQUIREMENTS AND READING<br />

Requirements and reading for the course<br />

“Introduction to the numerical approximation of<br />

partial differential equations”.<br />

The course uses analysis to provide an<br />

understanding of the effectiveness of numerical<br />

simulations for partial differential equations. As<br />

such, some background in analysis is required. A<br />

good starting point are the notes provided by Marty<br />

Ross for the <strong>AMSI</strong> measure theory course. I would<br />

suggest carefully studying the full notes. At the least,<br />

the following concepts are important:<br />

• sets: defi nition, integers, rational, real and<br />

complex numbers, sequences, countability<br />

• real analysis: least upper bound principle,<br />

monotone sequence property, intermediate<br />

value theorem, full sections on Euclidean<br />

space, normed spaces and inner product


spaces, metric spaces, in particular complete<br />

spaces. We will need Hilbert spaces frequently<br />

and often defi ne them through the completion<br />

of an inner product space.<br />

• topological spaces: defi nition, elementary<br />

properties on p. 15, continuous functions,<br />

compact support, local compactness and<br />

product topology, separability .<br />

While the background notes from the measure<br />

theory course are essential I will try not to use<br />

Lebesgue measure theory itself in this course.<br />

However, it has to be said that the foundations<br />

for the L_2 space of square integrable functions<br />

- which is essential in the course - are most<br />

comprehensively treated using Lebesgue measure<br />

theory.<br />

We will also need some background on numerical<br />

linear algebra and some idea about numerical<br />

algorithms and mathematical modelling. A good<br />

preparation can be obtained by studying the book<br />

“Introduction to Applied Mathematics” by Gilbert<br />

Strang. This includes even a short introduction to<br />

fi nite elements in Chapter 5. (Chapter 5 is the most<br />

important chapter here, but sections on equilibrium<br />

problems and initial value problems are also<br />

useful.) This book is a classic in the area of applied<br />

maths and covers the traditional (up to mid 1980s)<br />

approaches very well. I read it as a PhD student a bit<br />

like a Russian novel from the start to the end while<br />

writing up.<br />

Marty’s notes and Gil Strang’s book give you a good<br />

background for the course.<br />

If you still need some reading material I suggest<br />

that you get some books on computational science<br />

and learn Python programming (see, e.g., “Dive<br />

Into Python” by Mark Pilgrim). This book is on<br />

the Internet on diveintopython.org. Shorter and<br />

more elementary tutorials can be found on that<br />

page as well. Have a look at Scientifi c Python, see<br />

www.scipy.org. There is also a nice book by H.P.<br />

Langtangen “A Primer on Scientifi c Programming<br />

with Python” and he has a more advanced book<br />

as well for the programmers among you. Of<br />

course there are many other books on introductory<br />

numerical analysis and computational mathematics<br />

which are very good reading which will also get<br />

you in the mood for the course. Take your personal<br />

favourite–if you don’t have one, ask your friends or<br />

the lecturer in your numerics course.<br />

Partial differential equations and numerical<br />

analysis are the mathematics underpinning modern<br />

computational simulations. This is one place where<br />

mathematics has made a tremendous difference<br />

to all our lives. For some motivational background,<br />

see for example, Alfi o Quarteroni: “Mathematical<br />

Models in Science and Engineering”, Notices of the<br />

American Mathematical Society, Volume 56, Number<br />

1, p.10-19, January 2009. There you will fi nd a few<br />

good stories, some equations, some nice pictures<br />

and also some background on how numerical<br />

approximation fi ts in the modelling framework. If you<br />

cannot fi nd the time to read anything of the above<br />

you should absolutely grab a copy of this article,<br />

see: www.ams.org/notices/200901/ and read the part<br />

on the America Cup to be prepared for the Sydney<br />

to Hobart Yacht Race.<br />

RESOURCES<br />

The course is mainly based on the following<br />

materials:<br />

• D. Braess, Finite Elements, 3rd <strong>Edition</strong>,<br />

Cambridge University Press, 2007.<br />

• V. Thomee, Galerkin fi nite element methods for<br />

parabolic problems, Springer 2006.<br />

• W. Dahmen, Multiscale and Wavelet Methods<br />

for Operator Equations, Springer Lecture Notes<br />

in Mathematics, 1825, pp. 31-96, 2003.<br />

17


18<br />

SUBJECT GUIDE<br />

COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY IN<br />

THEORY AND PRACTICE (COM)<br />

MARCEL JACKSON<br />

SYNOPSIS<br />

What makes some problems hard and<br />

some problems easy? For that matter, what<br />

is “hard” and what is “easy”? What is a<br />

problem?<br />

In this subject we consider questions<br />

concerning the diffi culty of computational<br />

problems. As well as developing the general<br />

theory of computational complexity, special<br />

attention is paid to the classifi cation of<br />

interesting computational problems arising<br />

from mathematics.<br />

Initially, the subject delves into an<br />

investigation of models of computation,<br />

before identifying some of the basic<br />

measures of computational complexity:<br />

time, space and their nondeterministic<br />

versions.<br />

On the “theory” side, the subject focuses on<br />

some of the most important of complexity<br />

classes and their relationships: P, NP,<br />

PSPACE, R, RE, and to a lesser extent,<br />

the polynomial and arithmetic hierarchies.<br />

While many inequalities here are unknown<br />

to be strict (such as the Clay Institute’s<br />

Millennium Prize problem “P=NP?”), we<br />

establish several of the classic results<br />

that do make some distinction between<br />

the classes (such as Savitch’s Theorem,<br />

Turing’s proof of the undecidability of<br />

the halting problem and the applicability/<br />

inapplicability of the method of<br />

diagonalisation).<br />

On the “in-practice” side, we classify the<br />

complexity of many natural mathematical<br />

problems. At the lower level (mostly P<br />

and NP), these problems mostly come<br />

from Boolean algebra, graph theory<br />

and combinatorics. At the upper level of<br />

complexity, the problems we look at are<br />

provably unsolvable by algorithmic means.<br />

Here we examine the semigroup word<br />

problem as well as problems such as Matrix<br />

Mortality from linear algebra and problems<br />

associated with tiling the plane.<br />

CONTACT HOURS<br />

7 hours of lectures per week, with consultation<br />

as requested/required. <strong>Information</strong> on timetabling<br />

is located at the back of this booklet and also on<br />

the Timetable web page. My offi ce is Room 317,<br />

Physical Sciences 2. I’ll be in on most days, and<br />

you should feel free to see me at any time.<br />

FOR CREDIT (FC) AND<br />

NOT FOR CREDIT (NFC)<br />

Are you taking this subject for credit in your home<br />

institution? If so, I need to know. I’ll take a roll in the<br />

fi rst class. You can change your mind afterwards,<br />

but students taking this subject for credit will need to<br />

confi rm their intention to do so by the start of the last<br />

week of the school.<br />

PREREQUISITES<br />

The course has little in the way of prerequisites.<br />

Some familiarity with basic discrete mathematics or<br />

mathematics for computer science may be useful.<br />

However, as we only assume the basics, any<br />

missing knowledge can mostly be picked up with a<br />

small amount of background reading (and is mostly<br />

sketched in appendices to the printed notes). A far<br />

more detailed discussion of assumed topics can be<br />

found by downloading the background information<br />

from the Courses web page. An important issue to<br />

note is that the course involves a lot of “proofs”, so<br />

it is essential that you have done some proof-based<br />

mathematical studies, and that you’re comfortable<br />

and confi dent in writing out arguments in a coherent<br />

and rigorous manner.


BACKGROUND<br />

You should download the background notes for a<br />

detailed overview of what is assumed.<br />

Note: aside from what is discussed in the<br />

background reading downloadable from the web<br />

site, the printed notes contain all that is needed for<br />

this subject.<br />

However, if you are interested, there is a wealth of<br />

information that can be found in other books and on<br />

the web. A favourite text is<br />

• Christos H. Papadimitriou, Computational<br />

Complexity, Addison-Wesley Publishing<br />

Company, Reading, MA, 1994.<br />

but I will not be expecting you to have looked at it<br />

(and it contains much more than what is covered<br />

in the subject). A useful free download is the fi rst<br />

edition of<br />

• Herb Wilf, Algorithms and complexity. Prentice<br />

Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1986.<br />

This subject will take a slightly different focus to<br />

Wilf’s book, but there is substantial common ground<br />

and you should be able to easily fi nd legitimate<br />

free pdf copies of this book on the web (from Wilf’s<br />

webpage for example). (The second edition is not<br />

free but is also worthwhile! Corrections to the fi rst<br />

edition have been made and further exercises<br />

added).<br />

ASSESSMENT<br />

I’m open to negotiation, but the proposal is:<br />

• Two assignments (total: 50%), due in during<br />

the start of week 3 and the middle of week 4.<br />

Precise dates to be announced.<br />

• Take-home exam (50%). Handed out at the<br />

end of the <strong>School</strong> and due in by 5pm Friday 12<br />

February.<br />

SUBMITTING ASSIGNMENTS AND THE EXAM<br />

BY FAX, EMAIL OR MAIL<br />

Assignments and the exam may be submitted<br />

in person, by fax (03 9479 2466) or by email<br />

(M.G.Jackson@latrobe.edu.au), or by registered<br />

mail to:<br />

Marcel Jackson<br />

Department of Mathematics and Statistics<br />

La Trobe University<br />

Bundoora 3086<br />

Further details on exam submission will be provided<br />

toward the end of the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong>.<br />

LATE SUBMISSION POLICY<br />

Because of the short duration of the <strong>Summer</strong><br />

<strong>School</strong>, it’s important that I can mark assignments<br />

and get them back to you as soon as possible, so<br />

you can get some feedback. For this reason, and for<br />

consistency across the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> subjects,<br />

there will be little fl exibility on submission of late<br />

assignments:<br />

Your mark (whether it be for an assignment or the<br />

exam), will be multiplied by 48/(48 + x), where x is<br />

the number of hours late.<br />

No assignments will be accepted after students’<br />

answers have been returned.<br />

RESOURCES<br />

Lecture notes<br />

Lecture notes will available for download in due<br />

course, and a printed copy of the Lecture notes will<br />

be provided for students registered in this subject.<br />

This subject will follow the lecture notes reasonably<br />

closely, though there is slightly more material in the<br />

notes than what we will cover.<br />

Printed notes<br />

Four appendices to the printed notes. These will be<br />

provided as part of the printed notes, but are also<br />

available on the web site for preliminary reading.<br />

• Chapters 13 and 14 are the most important<br />

assumed information.<br />

• Chapter 12 is not strictly necessary and should<br />

be considered as supportive information rather<br />

than required information.<br />

• Chapter 15 will be covered briefl y in the<br />

lectures.<br />

19


20<br />

SUBJECT GUIDE<br />

MEASURE THEORY (MTH)<br />

MARTY ROSS<br />

SYNOPSIS<br />

Measure theory is the modern theory of<br />

integration, the method of assigning a<br />

“size” to subsets of a universal set. It is<br />

more general, more powerful and more<br />

beautiful (though also more technical) than<br />

the classical theory of Riemann integration.<br />

The course will be a reasonably standard<br />

introduction to measure theory, with some<br />

emphasis upon geometric aspects. We<br />

will cover most (but defi nitely not all) of<br />

the topics listed below, subject to time and<br />

taste:<br />

• General Measure Theory (Outer<br />

measure, Measurable sets, Borel and<br />

Radon measures, the Caratheodory<br />

criterion for Borel measures)<br />

• Special Measures on Euclidean<br />

Space (Lebesgue measure, Hausdorff<br />

measure, the Vitali Covering Theorem,<br />

Hausdorff dimension)<br />

• Integration (Measurable functions,<br />

integration and convergence theorems,<br />

the Area Formula, iterated integrals<br />

and Fubini’s Theorem)<br />

• Functional Analysis (Measures as<br />

linear functionals, Lp spaces, Riesz<br />

Representation Theorems)<br />

• Further Topics (Differentiation<br />

of measures, the Generalised<br />

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, the<br />

Co-Area Formula)<br />

CONTACT HOURS<br />

7 hours of lectures per week, with consultation as<br />

requested/required. <strong>Information</strong> on timetabling is<br />

located at the back of this booklet and also on the<br />

Timetable web page.<br />

PREREQUISITES<br />

We’ll assume familiarity with the fundamental<br />

concepts of analysis in Euclidean Space (infs<br />

and sups, open and closed sets, continuity,<br />

completeness and compactness, countability). Some<br />

corresponding familiarity with these notions in metric<br />

spaces would be helpful but will not be assumed;<br />

familiarity with these notions in topological spaces<br />

would be just peachy.<br />

BACKGROUND<br />

Lecture notes summarising the relevant background<br />

on sets and real analysis are available on the web.<br />

Some (but defi nitely not all) of this material will be<br />

reviewed and covered along the way, particularly the<br />

material on metric spaces and topological spaces.<br />

Before the summer school begins, you should<br />

defi nitely take a good look at the background notes<br />

and, if need be, browse through a real analysis text<br />

or two.<br />

ASSESSMENT<br />

I’m open to negotiation, but the proposal is:<br />

• Problems assigned during lectures (50%);<br />

• Take-home exam (50%).<br />

RESOURCES<br />

Lecture notes<br />

Lecture notes will be provided for this course.<br />

Textbooks<br />

For technical reasons due to our approach, there<br />

is no one good textbook for us to follow. However,<br />

there are many excellent books on analysis and<br />

measure theory, which would be very useful to have<br />

on your desk. Please raid your uni library before<br />

coming to the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong>. Also, be sure to bring<br />

documentation to be able to borrow from La Trobe<br />

University Library. Two good texts are Real Analysis<br />

by Royden, and Foundations of Real and Abstract<br />

Analysis by Bridges. Texts which cover probability<br />

as well will be less useful, as the language and<br />

approach tend to be quite different.


22<br />

MAP<br />

CITY<br />

CBD


24<br />

MAP<br />

FEDERATION<br />

SQUARE<br />

Corner Swanston + Flinders Street<br />

Melbourne, Australia<br />

fedsquare.com


MAP<br />

LA TROBE<br />

UNIVERSITY<br />

AERIAL<br />

MELWAYS MAP 19<br />

UBD MAP 195<br />

25


26<br />

MAP<br />

LA TROBE<br />

UNIVERSITY<br />

CAMPUS


28<br />

MAP<br />

TRAM<br />

ROUTE 86<br />

Bundoora RMIT – Waterfront City Docklands<br />

291009<br />

Route 86 via Preston > Northcote > Fitzroy > City<br />

Estimated peak<br />

hour travel times<br />

11 mins<br />

8<br />

8<br />

10<br />

7<br />

7<br />

7<br />

14<br />

8<br />

Streets<br />

travelled<br />

*Stop 71<br />

D11<br />

86<br />

Clements Dr RMIT West Campus ⁄ University Hill �<br />

Grimshaw St �<br />

La Trobe University Kingsbury Dr �<br />

Reservoir District Secondary College<br />

Tyler St �<br />

Murray Rd �<br />

Bell St � Bell �<br />

PRESTON<br />

Dundas St South Preston Shopping Centre �<br />

Separation St<br />

NORTHCOTE<br />

Westgarth St � Westgarth �<br />

Clifton Hill � Clifton Hill �<br />

86<br />

BUNDOORA RMIT<br />

RMIT East Campus ⁄ McKimmies Rd �<br />

Northcote Central Shopping Centre<br />

Northcote Shopping Plaza � Northcote �<br />

Johnston St �<br />

Gertrude St<br />

Brunswick St � 112<br />

Melbourne Museum<br />

Victoria Pde Eye & Ear Hospital ⁄ St Vincent’s Hospital � 24, 30 �<br />

Spring St Parliament of Victoria ⁄ Princess Theatre � Parliament<br />

Swanston St Melbourne Town Hall � 1, 3, 3a, 5, 6, 8, 16, 64, 67, 72<br />

Elizabeth St GPO ⁄ Bourke St Mall � 19, 57, 59<br />

Queen St �<br />

William St � 55<br />

Spencer St � Southern Cross � 75, 96 �<br />

Etihad Stadium<br />

WATERFRONT CITY<br />

DOCKLANDS<br />

CITY SAVER<br />

Ticketing zones<br />

PLENTY RD<br />

QUEENS PDE ⁄<br />

SMITH ST GERTRUDE ST<br />

BOURKE ST<br />

NICHOLSON ST<br />

City Saver<br />

Zone 1<br />

Zone 2<br />

HIGH ST<br />

LA TROBE ST EXT ⁄<br />

DOCKLANDS DR<br />

SPENCER ST<br />

70<br />

65<br />

60<br />

57<br />

52<br />

49<br />

45<br />

42<br />

33<br />

27<br />

25<br />

19<br />

15<br />

13<br />

12<br />

11<br />

9<br />

6<br />

5<br />

4<br />

3<br />

1<br />

D1<br />

FITZROY<br />

CITY<br />

Docklands Dr<br />

Connecting train<br />

Connecting tram<br />

Connecting bus<br />

Platform stop<br />

Darebin Sports Centre ⁄<br />

Gremel Rd �<br />

Carlton Gardens ⁄<br />

Royal Exhibition Building ⁄ Gertrude St � 96<br />

Effective Nov 2009<br />

*Not all stops shown<br />

For train, tram and bus information<br />

call 131 638 / (TTY) 9619 2727<br />

(6am–midnight daily) or visit<br />

metlinkmelbourne.com.au<br />

Metcard Helpline<br />

1800 652 313 (incl. TTY)


TRAVEL INFORMATION<br />

GETTING TO AND FROM LA TROBE UNIVERSITY<br />

www.latrobe.edu.au/bundoora/location<br />

La Trobe University’s Melbourne (Bundoora) campus is located in Melbourne’s northeastern<br />

suburb of Bundoora, at the intersection of Plenty Road and Kingsbury Drive. It is<br />

14 km from the city centre. The University is accessible by tram, train, bus, bicycle and car.<br />

For enquiries and more information on public transport to the Bundoora Campus, please<br />

contact the Sustainable Transport Offi ce on 03 9479 1079 or travelsmart@latrobe.edu.au<br />

or visit the TravelSmart page for more information www.latrobe.edu.au/travelsmart/<br />

For more information on public transport, including fares and timetables, phone Metlink on<br />

131 638 or visit www.metlinkmelbourne.com.au or www.viclink.com.au<br />

TRAM<br />

Tram Route 86 runs from the Docklands through the City via Burke St, and passes through<br />

Fitzroy, Northcote and Preston on its route past the La Trobe Medical Centre in Bundoora.<br />

The Tram continues along Plenty Rd to its terminus at the RMIT Bundoora Campus.<br />

<strong>Student</strong>s can get from La Trobe University to the City and back using a valid Zone 1 ticket.<br />

For printable timetables for Tram 86 visit www.metlinkmelbourne.com.au/route/view/1881<br />

Real-time Tram 86 timetable information is available from the TramTRACKER web site.<br />

www.latrobe.edu.au/travelsmart/public-transport/tramtracker.html<br />

BUS<br />

There are a number of bus routes that go directly to the Bundoora campus or link with<br />

other services, such as trains on the Epping or Hurstbridge lines.<br />

For links to route maps and timetables, visit the La Trobe TravelSmart web site<br />

www.latrobe.edu.au/travelsmart/public-transport/bus.html<br />

BUS 246 ELSTERNWICK - LA TROBE UNIVERSITY, VIA PUNT RD AND CLIFTON HILL<br />

Use the 246 bus if you’re travelling from: Elsternwick, Richmond, Westgarth and Clifton Hill stations.<br />

Please note: about two-thirds of the 246 buses do NOT travel all the way to the Bundoora but terminate at<br />

Clifton Hill. At Clifton Hill you can change to the 250 bus or the 86 tram which will both take you all the way to<br />

the Melbourne (Bundoora) Campus.<br />

BUS 250: GARDEN CITY/PORT MELBOURNE - CITY - LA TROBE UNIVERSITY<br />

Use the 250 bus if you’re travelling from: Port Melbourne, Flinders Street, Carlton, Westgarth and Clifton Hill.<br />

You can also catch the 251 bus (Garden City/Port Melbourne - Northland) and change to La Trobe University<br />

service at Clifton Hill or Northland Shopping Centre.<br />

29


30<br />

TRAVEL INFORMATION<br />

BUS 340 CITY - LA TROBE UNIVERSITY VIA EASTERN FREEWAY<br />

Use the 340/350 bus if you’re travelling from: the Melbourne CBD.<br />

This is the fastest route to the Melbourne (Bundoora) Campus of La Trobe University from the city as it runs<br />

express through the Eastern Freeway; estimated travelling time is 45 minutes. Sometimes this route operates<br />

express as the 350. Departs from the corner of Flinders St and Elizabeth St, but you can also connect from<br />

Parliament Station by walking over to the corner of Victoria Pde and Nicholson Street. Please note: This bus<br />

does not stop between Hoddle St and and the corner Grange Rd and Darebin Rd.<br />

BUS 350 CITY - LA TROBE UNIVERSITY VIA EASTERN FREEWAY (EXPRESS RESTRICTIONS)<br />

Buses travelling to La Trobe University will only pick up passengers between Flinders Street Station and<br />

the intersection of Grange Road and Christmas Street, and will only set down passengers between this<br />

intersection onwards. Travelling from La Trobe University, buses will pick up and set down passengers from<br />

the Melbourne (Bundoora) Campus to Waterdale Road/Barnes Way (the bus stop after Kingsbury Drive),<br />

then only picks up passengers from Waterdale Road/Barnes Way to Grange Road/Christmas Street, then<br />

only sets down passengers from Johnston/Hoddle Streets to Flinders Street Station.<br />

BUS 510 ESSENDON - IVANHOE STATION, THEN THE 548 TO LA TROBE UNIVERSITY, OR<br />

TRAM 86 AT HIGH ST<br />

BUS 513 GLENROY STATION - ELTHAM, TO CONNECT WITH TRAM 86 AT HIGH ST<br />

BUS 548 KEW - LA TROBE UNIVERSITY, VIA MONT PARK<br />

Use the 548 bus if you’re travelling from: Kew and Ivanhoe.<br />

Connects with Ivanhoe Railway Station, 24/48 trams at Burke/Doncaster Roads and 72 tram at Burke/<br />

Whitehorse Roads.<br />

The 548 is a good bus to use if travelling from Boroondara (Kew, Hawthorn, Camberwell, etc). Catch a train<br />

to Camberwell, then the 72 tram up Burke Road where you can change to the 548 bus to La Trobe University.<br />

BUS 550 NORTHLAND - LA TROBE UNIVERSITY<br />

Use the 550 bus if you’re travelling from: Northland Shopping Centre.<br />

Approximately 15-20 minute trip and you can travel on the bus with either a Zone 1 or a Zone 2 ticket.<br />

If you live on campus, this is a great bus to catch to the movies and the shops at Northland. It runs limited<br />

service in the evenings and on the weekends though, so make sure you check the timetable.<br />

BUS 551 HEIDELBERG - LA TROBE UNIVERSITY<br />

Use the 551 bus if you’re travelling from: The Melbourne CBD and Heidelberg.<br />

Buses run regularly in the morning and on the return trip in the evenings. The trip takes about 20 minutes and<br />

you can travel on the bus with either a Zone 1 or a Zone 2 ticket.<br />

If you’re coming from the city, a good route is to catch the train out to Heidelberg and then the 551 bus to the<br />

Melbourne (Bundoora) Campus. You can travel the whole way on a Zone 1 ticket.<br />

BUS 560 BROADMEADOWS - GREENSBOROUGH STATION, TO CONNECT WITH TRAM 86 AT<br />

GRIMSHAW/PLENTY RD<br />

BUS 561 MACLEOD - RESERVOIR, VIA LA TROBE UNIVERSITY<br />

Use the 561 bus if you’re travelling from: Macleod or Reservoir stations, Greensborough, Eltham and Epping.<br />

The 561 links La Trobe University’s Melbourne (Bundoora) Campus with the Macleod station on the Hurstbridge<br />

line and the Reservoir station on the Epping line. So, if you live on either of these train lines you can catch public


TRAVEL INFORMATION<br />

transport right to the University. The 561 accepts both Zone 1 and 2 tickets between Reservoir and La Trobe<br />

University, however, the section between Macleod and La Trobe University requires a Zone 2 ticket.<br />

BUS 562 HUMEVALE - GREENSBOROUGH SHOPPING CENTRE, TO CONNECT WITH TRAM 86<br />

AT PLENTY/MCKIMMIES RD<br />

BUS 563 NORTHLAND SHOPPING CENTRE - GREENSBOROUGH PLAZA SHOPPING CENTRE,<br />

VIA MILL PARK<br />

Travel on this bus to La Trobe University from: Mill Park. Not recommended for commuting to the University. The 563<br />

bus follows a very circular route and there are usually better public transport routes from places along the route.<br />

BUS 564 EPPING SHOPPING CENTRE - NORTHERN HOSPITAL, TO CONNECT WITH TRAM 86<br />

ON PLENTY RD<br />

BUS 566 LALOR - NORTHLAND, VIA KINGSBURY, GREENSBOROUGH, WATSONIA,<br />

BUNDOORA, MILL PARK<br />

Not recommended for commuting to the University. The 566 bus follows a very circular route and there are<br />

usually better public transport routes from places along the route.<br />

BUS 572 DOREEN - UNIVERSITY HILL (VIA BLOSSOM PARK, MILL PARK, BOTANICA PARK),<br />

TO CONNECT WITH TRAM 86 ON PLENTY RD<br />

BUS 903 (SMARTBUS) MORDIALLOC TO ALTONA, VIA BOX HILL, DONCASTER, HEIDELBERG,<br />

COBURG AND ESSENDON, CONNECT WITH 551 BUS AT HEIDELBERG OR TRAM 86 ON<br />

PLENTY RD<br />

BUS 958 - NIGHTRIDER - MELBOURNE CITY - ELTHAM VIA SMITH STREET, DAREBIN ROAD<br />

NightRider is a bus service that provides a safe, easy and inexpensive way to travel after midnight on weekends.<br />

All you need is a valid Metcard to jump on board.<br />

Buses run every 30 minutes 12.30am - 4.30am on Saturday mornings and 12.30am to 5.30am on Sunday mornings.<br />

There are additional buses on selected routes and special services may operate for major events.<br />

Routes from the City to the suburbs, departing from Swanston Street (between Flinders and Collins Streets)<br />

The Nightrider service stops at La Trobe University Bundoora every 60 minutes from 1:02am to 5:02am on Saturday<br />

morning and to 6:02am on Sunday morning. On request the Nightrider Bus will drive into the University Campus for<br />

La Trobe University students.<br />

BY BICYCLE<br />

The La Trobe University Bundoora Campus is situated beside the Darebin Creek Bike Trail,<br />

which runs from the Northern Ring Road to Alphington.<br />

There are also clearly marked cycling routes from Macleod and Reservoir railway stations.<br />

Bicycles can be carried free of charge on all metropolitan trains.<br />

There are many parking options on campus including a free secure storage and change<br />

facility called the CycleSmart Centre, personal bike lockers and public parking rails.<br />

www.latrobe.edu.au/travelsmart/cycling-and-walking/<br />

31


32<br />

TRAVEL INFORMATION<br />

BY CAR<br />

All car parking spaces at the Melbourne (Bundoora) campus require a valid permit. All<br />

vehicles (other than motorcycles) wanting to use the campus’s car parks must have either<br />

a current monthly/yearly permit or a daily vending machine ticket.<br />

Daily vending machine tickets are valid for the white bays only and are $5 per day. Monthly<br />

parking permits are available for $36.<br />

Spaces for disabled drivers are available in most of the car parks closest to the University<br />

buildings. Car parks 1 and 8 also have a number of disabled bays. Visit Traffi c and Parking<br />

for further information please visit<br />

www.latrobe.edu.au/traffi cparking<br />

BY TAXI<br />

Taxis are generally an expensive way to travel. The following companies offer services in<br />

and around Melbourne, and you phone them directly to book a taxi.<br />

• North Suburban Taxis: 13 1119<br />

• Silver Top Taxis: 13 1008<br />

• Black Cabs: 13 2227<br />

GETTING FROM MELBOURNE CBD TO LA TROBE UNIVERSITY<br />

There are many public transport options from the Melbourne CBD to the Bundoora<br />

Campus as indicated on the previous pages. Some popular routes include:<br />

TRAM ROUTE 86 runs from Waterfront City (Docklands) along Bourke St. <strong>Student</strong>s depart at the La Trobe<br />

University Medical Centre. Travel time: 45-60 mins.<br />

EPPING LINE TRAIN to Reservoir (Zone 1 or 2) and connect with Bus 561 (Zone 1 or 2). Travel time: 40-60<br />

mins.<br />

HURSTBRIDGE LINE TRAIN to Heidelberg (Zone 1) and connect with Bus 551 (Zone 1 or 2). Travel time:<br />

40-60 mins.<br />

HURSTBRIDGE LINE TRAIN to Macleod (Zone 2) and connect with Bus 561 (Zone 1 or 2). Travel time:<br />

40-60 mins.<br />

BUS 340 or BUS 350 departs cnr Russell and Flinders St and travels near Parliament Station with a stop<br />

outside St Vincent’s Hospital on cnr Victoria St and Nicholson St. Travel time: 40-50 min. Frequency: 30 min.<br />

www.latrobe.edu.au/bundoora/location/cbd-bundoora<br />

OTHER POPULAR ROUTES<br />

For popular routes from the Eastern, Southern, South-Eastern or Western Suburbs to<br />

La Trobe University, please visit http://www.latrobe.edu.au/bundoora/location


SERVICES ON CAMPUS<br />

LIBRARY ACCESS<br />

<strong>Student</strong>s enrolled in the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> have access to the La Trobe University Library.<br />

To gain access to library facilities, individuals are required to visit the library’s Enquiry<br />

Desk. When students visit the library for the fi rst time, the library will attach a barcode to<br />

their student card and create a library record allowing individuals access to the following<br />

services:<br />

• total item limit: 10<br />

• loan period: 14 days<br />

• holds: 8<br />

• renewals: 3<br />

<strong>Student</strong>s can then use their student card from their home university to gain access to<br />

La Trobe University Library facilities.<br />

Please note where a student card does not include an identifying photograph, the student<br />

is required to purchase a library card.<br />

For more information on the La Trobe University Library, please visit www.lib.latrobe.edu.au<br />

COMPUTER AND INTERNET ACCESS<br />

<strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> students have username/password access to computers and internet<br />

through the Study Hall. <strong>Student</strong>s are able to print from the Study Hall and are provided<br />

credit of $10.<br />

Additional credit can be purchased by students. There are three options available to add<br />

credit to your newly activated Transact La Trobe print & copy account:<br />

• Cash reload station – view all locations go to: www.latrobe.edu.au/campusgraphics/<br />

transact/ and click on “Add money (Reload options)”<br />

• EFTPOS – La Trobe University Library<br />

• Reload on-line - via web browser anywhere at the Transact web page<br />

www.latrobe.edu.au/campusgraphics/transact/reload_online<br />

Instructions on adding money at any of the devices mentioned above are clearly<br />

demonstrated on or near the device or visit the following web site<br />

www.latrobe.edu.au/campusgraphics/transact/ and click on “Add money (Reload Options)”.<br />

Computer Studyhall<br />

Studyhall Building (between Glenn and Menzies Colleges)<br />

T: 1300 786 535<br />

T: 03 9479 3694<br />

E: studyhall@latrobe.edu.au<br />

33


34<br />

SERVICES ON CAMPUS<br />

THE AGORA<br />

The Agora at La Trobe University’s Melbourne (Bundoora) campus is a central meeting<br />

area that includes the following services and facilities:<br />

• coffee shops and juice bars<br />

• food outlets (including vegetarian and halal food options)<br />

• milkbar and general store<br />

• post offi ce<br />

• ATMs and banks<br />

• various retail outlets (including bookshop, hairdresser and travel agent)<br />

www.latrobe.edu.au/life/services<br />

MEDICAL CENTRE<br />

La Trobe University Medical Centre is located inside the La Trobe Private Hospital next to<br />

the La Trobe University campus on on Plenty Road. The Medical Centre also includes a<br />

Chemist and free patient parking.<br />

LaTrobe University Medical Centre<br />

Corner of Plenty Road & Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora<br />

T: 03 9473 8885<br />

Opening hours: 8.30am-5:00pm Monday to Friday<br />

www.travelvax.com.au/home/clinics/latrobe.html<br />

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS<br />

Wireless internet is available in Mathematics and Statistics building Physical Sciences 2.<br />

For more information on undergraduate and postgradute courses in mathematics and<br />

statistics, please visit the department:<br />

Department of Mathematics and Statistics<br />

Building Physical Sciences 2<br />

La Trobe University, Bundoora Victoria 3086<br />

T: +61 (0)3 9479 2600<br />

F: +61 (0)3 9479 2466<br />

E: mathstats-enquiries@latrobe.edu.au<br />

Enquiry Desk opening hours: 10:00am - 11:00am, 2:00pm - 3:00pm Monday to Friday<br />

(except Wednesdays 10:00am - 11:00am only).<br />

www.latrobe.edu.au/mathstats


SERVICES ON CAMPUS<br />

SPORTS CENTRE<br />

<strong>Student</strong>s are able to access the facilities of the La Trobe Sports Centre.<br />

<strong>Student</strong>s who wish to use the sports centre should purchase a month’s membership (cost<br />

$16.30) which will be reimbursed by the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> upon presentation of a receipt.<br />

The membership gives students a reduced price for use of the sports centre facilities.<br />

MEMBERSHIP AND PASSES<br />

SPORTS CENTRE<br />

MEMBERSHIP<br />

1 Month Membership $16.30<br />

Guild Members receive discounts<br />

on Sports Centre Memberships<br />

GOLD PASS<br />

The Gold Pass includes unlimited<br />

use of the Gymnasium, Pool and<br />

Group Exercise classes.<br />

1 Month Pass $51.30<br />

POOL PASS<br />

1 Month Pass $20.00<br />

Note: During January<br />

maintenance is carried out on the<br />

pool heating system and the pool<br />

temperature can drop down to<br />

20°C. At this time Sports Centre<br />

showers are also cold.<br />

Sports Centre<br />

www.latrobe.edu.au/sport<br />

T: 03 9479 2973<br />

E: sport@latrobe.edu.au<br />

CASUAL VISITS/DISCOUNTS<br />

GYMNASIUM<br />

Members per visit $6.30<br />

Non-members per visit $12.60<br />

Discount Card (12 visits)<br />

Members $63.00<br />

Non-members $126.00<br />

FITNESS TEST<br />

Fitness tests are available for<br />

users, provided that they have a<br />

Discount Card or Gold Pass.<br />

GROUP EXERCISE<br />

Members per visit $4.20<br />

Non-members per visit $8.40<br />

Discount Card (12 visits)<br />

Members $42.00<br />

Non-members $84.00<br />

Please ask at Reception for<br />

Group Exercise timetable<br />

or visit the below website<br />

POOL<br />

Members per visit $2.20<br />

Non-members per visit $4.40<br />

Discount Card (12 visits)<br />

Members $22.00<br />

Non-members $44.00<br />

COURT HIRE<br />

FIELD HOUSE<br />

The Field House has a Basketball<br />

court, three Badminton<br />

courts, a Netball court and two<br />

Volleyball courts.<br />

For the safety of other patrons,<br />

groups playing Australian<br />

Rules, Soccer, Cricket and<br />

Hockey must book the entire<br />

Fieldhouse.<br />

HIRE FEES PER HOUR<br />

Volleyball<br />

Members $13.20<br />

Non-members $26.30<br />

Basketball/Netball/Soccer<br />

Members $21.00<br />

Non-members $42.00<br />

TENNIS, BADMINTON &<br />

SQUASH<br />

Hire Fees per Hour<br />

Members $10.30<br />

Non-members $20.50<br />

Racquet Hire (per racquet) $4.00<br />

Balls and shuttles may be<br />

purchased from Sports<br />

Reception.<br />

Table Tennis facilities available.<br />

35


36<br />

SUMMER SCHOOL EXCURSIONS<br />

VISIT TO FEDERATION SQUARE SUNDAY 17 JANUARY<br />

FED 2<br />

TIME: FROM 10:00AM. SELF GUIDED TOUR. IT IS RECOMMENDED YOU BEGIN AT THE<br />

FEDERATION SQUARE VISITOR CENTRE (OPPOSITE FLINDERS STREET STATION)<br />

LUNCH: PROVIDED AT TJANABI RESTAURANT FED SQUARE<br />

BRING: HAT AND SUN PROTECTION, TJANABI VOUCHER, SUNDAY SAVER TICKET<br />

An excursion on Sunday 17 January will take the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> to Federation Square,<br />

Melbourne, or Fed Square as it is usually known. The idea of this is to encourage <strong>Summer</strong><br />

<strong>School</strong> participants from interstate to get used to the Melbourne transportation system, and<br />

to explore Melbourne. You will fi nd in your <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> bag a Sunday Saver transport<br />

ticket. Use your ticket to travel to Fed Square by the following suggested routes or refer to<br />

the Travel <strong>Information</strong> section earlier for other possible public transport routes.<br />

TRAM 86: From Stop 60-La Trobe University/Plenty Rd, take the Route 86 tram towards City (Docklands).<br />

Get off at Stop 6-Swanston St/Bourke St (Melbourne City) and walk about 570 metres to corner of Flinders<br />

Street and Swanston Street.<br />

BUS 250: From Stop La Trobe University Bus Interchange/Kingsbury Dr (Bundoora) Platform Bay 5, take<br />

the Route 250 bus towards Garden City. Get off at stop Banana Alley Vaults/Flinders St (Melbourne City) and<br />

walk about 610 metres to corner of Flinders Street and Swanston Street<br />

TRAIN HURSTBRIDGE LINE: Walk 3 kilometres to Macleod Railway Station (Macleod) Platform 1 or<br />

connect with Bus 561 (Zone 1 or 2). Take the train towards Parliament. Get off at Flinders Street Railway<br />

Station (Melbourne City) Platform 1.


WHY VISIT FED SQUARE?<br />

Melbourne is a mathematical tourist destination because of<br />

its architecture of mathematical interest; as Ed Pegg Jr<br />

says, “When it comes to the best place on earth<br />

for eye-popping mathematical art on a huge<br />

scale, no place on Earth seems to<br />

compare with Melbourne’’.<br />

Fed Square is certainly Melbourne’s most mathematically important building. Its tiling is<br />

aperiodic in a remarkable manner: the tiling is made using (congruent copies of) a single<br />

right-angled triangle, but these triangles occur rotated at infi nitely many angles. The basic<br />

piece is the 1;2;√5 right-angled triangle; it can be tiled by 5 similar right angled triangles:<br />

the resulting pattern can then be reproduced inside each of these triangles, and so on. This<br />

produces a so-called pinwheel pattern.<br />

BUT THERE IS EVEN MORE TO FED SQUARE...<br />

Running through Fed Square is the atrium. The steel network of the surrounding walls is<br />

actually a three-dimensional generalisation of the facade’s pinwheel grid. A good paper<br />

to read is Joe Hammer’s Mathematical Tourist paper in Math Intelligencer, Vol 28, no. 4,<br />

(2006) 44-48. More references are given below. The key work in this area was Charles<br />

Radin’s 1994 Annals of Math paper. The remarkable Fed Square tiling is apparently due to<br />

John Horton Conway.<br />

OTHER REASONS FOR VISITING FED SQUARE<br />

Fed Square is the Melbourne meeting place. It’s close to the heart of Melbourne, and many<br />

restaurants. It’s the location of many events and is across the river from NGV (National<br />

Gallery of Victoria). Incidentally, the best place to view the Australia Day fi reworks is along<br />

the Yarra River near Federation Square. The fi reworks usually start at around 9:15pm.<br />

MORE ABOUT THIS EXCURSION AND LUNCH<br />

The excursion is not an organised trip in the usual sense; we’re not arranging for <strong>Summer</strong><br />

<strong>School</strong> participants to all meet together at Fed Square or providing guided tours. You are at<br />

liberty to come at any time on the 17th and explore.<br />

We simply hope that people will take this opportunity to visit Fed Square, and as an<br />

incentive, we have arranged lunch for you in the Tjanabi restaurant located in the Fed<br />

Square Atrium, at the Flinders Street end, which mathematically, is the most interesting<br />

part of Fed Square.<br />

<strong>Information</strong> about the Tjanabi restaurant can be found at www.tjanabi.com.au.<br />

In your <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> bag, you will fi nd a voucher that you can use in the Tjanabi<br />

restaurant to purchase a Foccacia or Panini (with various choices of fi llings), a small<br />

dessert or biscuit and a soft drink.<br />

Note: you can use the voucher only on 17 January at any time up until 3pm.<br />

37


38<br />

SUMMER SCHOOL EXCURSIONS<br />

FURTHER REFERENCES<br />

• Burkard Polster and Marty Ross have a very nice introduction to Fed Square:<br />

www.qedcat.com/archive/federation.html<br />

• Paul Bourke’s website: local.wasp.uwa.edu.au/~pbourke/texture_colour/nonperiodic/<br />

• Ed Pegg’s page: www.maa.org/editorial/mathgames/mathgames_09_05_06.html<br />

• Wiki has some good sites:<br />

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinwheel_tiling<br />

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_Square<br />

For more mathematical sites close to Fed Square, see Burkard and Marty’s pages:<br />

• www.qedcat.com/archive/Excarvating.html<br />

• education.theage.com.au/cmspage.php?intid=147&intversion=30<br />

Tjanabi Restaurant<br />

• www.tjanabi.com.au


40<br />

SUMMER SCHOOL EXCURSIONS<br />

VISIT TO HANGING ROCK<br />

SUNDAY 24 JANUARY<br />

MEETING TIME: 9:00AM AT MENZIES<br />

COLLEGE FOR TRAVEL BY BUS<br />

BRING: HAT, SUN PROTECTION,<br />

COMFORTABLE SHOES AND WATER<br />

Hanging Rock is an unusual volcanic<br />

formation about 1 hour north of<br />

Melbourne. The small hill is covered by<br />

an atmospheric labyrinth of gnarled rocky<br />

spires and provides pleasant views of<br />

the surrounding plain and its bordering<br />

ranges. It was the the setting of Peter<br />

Weir’s famous Australian fi lm Picnic at<br />

Hanging Rock, based on a novel of the<br />

same name by Joan Lindsay.<br />

www.hangingrock.info<br />

Image © Macedon Ranges Shire Council


http://www.travelvictoria.com.au/oceangrove/photos/<br />

vasilisandmavra.wordpress.com<br />

VISIT TO LORNE<br />

VIA GREAT OCEAN ROAD<br />

SUNDAY 31 JANUARY<br />

MEETING TIME: 9:00AM AT MENZIES<br />

COLLEGE FOR TRAVEL BY BUS<br />

BRING: HAT, SUN PROTECTION,<br />

COMFORTABLE SHOES AND WATER<br />

Set between the waters of Loutit Bay<br />

and the cool Otway forests, Lorne<br />

has a charm that’s hard to surpass.<br />

Add mild weather, café culture, shops,<br />

boutiques and galleries and you have<br />

one of the Great Ocean Road’s most<br />

popular stopovers.<br />

www.greatoceanrd.org.au<br />

www.visitvictoria.com<br />

41


42<br />

GRADUATE STUDY AT LA TROBE<br />

DISCOVER MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS AT LA TROBE<br />

La Trobe University has a reputation as one of Australia’s most progressive teaching<br />

departments in the mathematical sciences, a place where students can actively learn<br />

mathematics and statistics in an informal environment. The fi rst university in Australia to<br />

have its statistics program accredited by the Statistical Society of Australia Inc., La Trobe<br />

University’s mathematics and statistics research department is highly active.<br />

If you are interested in postgraduate study in mathematics or statistics, you have come to<br />

the right place!<br />

HONOURS<br />

La Trobe University offers students the opportunity to pursue Honours studies in<br />

mathematics, statistics or both mathematics and statistics.<br />

• variety of Honours thesis topic and subject offerings<br />

• access to Key Centre for Statistical Science (KCSS) units<br />

• remote unit studies via the Access Grid Room (AGR)<br />

www.latrobe.edu.au/mathstats/honours<br />

POSTGRADUATE<br />

La Trobe University offers PhD and Masters by research in both mathematics and statistics<br />

across a broad range of research areas. Scholarships are available for both Australian and<br />

International students undertaking research studies.<br />

• Postgraduate studies by research including Master of Science Degree (MSc) and Doctor of Philosophy<br />

Degree (PhD) degree offerings<br />

• Postgraduate studies by coursework including Graduate Diploma in Mathematical and <strong>Information</strong><br />

Sciences, Postgraduate Diploma in Science (Statistics) and the Master of Statistical Science (MStatSci)<br />

www.latrobe.edu.au/mathstats/future-postgrads<br />

RESEARCH AREAS<br />

Honours and Postgraduate research areas have included:<br />

• mathematics: dynamical systems, chaotic and integrable systems, numerical methods,<br />

differential geometry, general algebra, noncommutative dynamical systems, approximation<br />

theory, statistical mechanics, graph theory and topological dynamics<br />

• statistics: theory of statistical inference, statistical modelling, dimension reduction, exact<br />

confi dence intervals from count data, the effect of model selection on subsequent inference,<br />

robust statistics, time series analysis, foundations of statistical inference and biostatistics.<br />

For more information or advice, please contact the<br />

Department of Mathematics and Statistics.<br />

T: +61 (0)3 9479 2600<br />

E: mathstats-enquiries@latrobe.edu.au<br />

W: www.latrobe.edu.au/mathstats<br />

CRICOS Provider: 00115M


PLACES TO EAT AND GO<br />

EATING AT LA TROBE UNIVERSITY<br />

There are three lunch time eating areas at La Trobe.<br />

THE AGORA<br />

COORDINATES G5 ON LA TROBE MAP (PAGE 26)<br />

The Agora houses a wide selection of food outlets on<br />

both levels.<br />

THE UNION<br />

COORDINATES H7 ON LA TROBE MAP (PAGE 26)<br />

The Union houses The Eagle Bar, downstairs,<br />

which is licensed and serves bistro style food. Ping’s<br />

Chinese and Cafe Moat are located on the middle<br />

level.<br />

ADAMS<br />

JOHN SCOTT MEETING HOUSE, COORDINATES J4 ON<br />

LA TROBE MAP (PAGE 26)<br />

Restaurant-style dining.<br />

www.latrobe.edu.au/bg/bundoora/dining.html<br />

GETTING OUT<br />

Wildlife Sanctuary Tours<br />

The La Trobe Wildlife Sanctuary<br />

run tours regularly on the third<br />

Wednesday of every month,<br />

with extra tours during school<br />

holidays. Choose daytime or<br />

twilight tours.<br />

E: wildlife@latrobe.edu.au<br />

www.latrobe.edu.au/wildlife/<br />

experiences/tours<br />

La Trobe University Art<br />

Museum (including the<br />

Sculpture Park)<br />

ON CAMPUS AT GLENN COLLEGE<br />

Exhibition hours:<br />

Tues - Fri, 11:00pm - 5:00pm<br />

T: 03 9479 2111<br />

E: artmuseum@latrobe.edu.au<br />

www.latrobe.edu.au/artmuseum<br />

Bundoora Park<br />

TAKE TRAM 86, BUS 563 OR A<br />

5-10 MINUTE WALK<br />

1069 Plenty Road, Bundoora<br />

Bundoora Park provides a wealth<br />

of activities and experiences.<br />

Cooper’s Settlement, Heritage<br />

Village, farm animals, golf course,<br />

visitor’s centre and cafe, or just<br />

relax in the many beautiful picnic<br />

areas.<br />

T: 03 8470 8170<br />

www.bundoorapark.com.au<br />

43


44<br />

PLACES TO EAT AND GO<br />

EATING NEAR LA TROBE<br />

BUNDOORA<br />

TAKE TRAM 86 FROM STOP 60 ALONG PLENTY ROAD<br />

AWAY FROM THE CITY.<br />

Namaste Indian Restaurant<br />

16 McLeans Rd Bundoora | 03 9467 1868<br />

www.namasteindian.com.au<br />

Sontaya Thai Restaurant<br />

Shop 4/1191 Plenty Rd Bundoora | 03 9467 9991<br />

www.sontaya.com.au<br />

MACLEOD<br />

TAKE BUS 548 COTHAM ROAD KEW VIA MACLEOD,<br />

(SPRINGTHORPE BOULEVARD) TO LA TROBE<br />

UNIVERSITY<br />

Mad Megs Pizzeria<br />

34 Springthorpe Blv Macleod | 03 9455 2499<br />

(note: closed until 19 Januray)<br />

TAKE BUS 561 RESERVOIR MACLEOD VIA KINGSBURY,<br />

LA TROBE UNIVERSITY<br />

Giardino Cafe Bar Cucina<br />

72 Aberdeen Rd Macleod | 03 9455 3472<br />

IVANHOE<br />

TAKE BUS 548 KEW - LA TROBE UNIVERSITY<br />

Royal Garden Chinese Restaurant<br />

59 Upper Heidelberg Rd | 03 94974544<br />

Café Saffron Indian<br />

238 Upper Heidelberg Rd | 03 9497 1084<br />

Va Tutto Italian<br />

226 Upper Heidelberg Rd | 03 9499 7769<br />

HEIDELBERG<br />

TAKE BUS 551 HEIDELBERG - LA TROBE UNIVERSITY<br />

Pizzeria Amici<br />

100 Burgundy Street | 03 9459 0907<br />

GETTING OUT<br />

Northland Shopping Centre<br />

TAKE BUS 550 NORTHLAND -<br />

LA TROBE UNIVERSITY<br />

Go see a feature fi lm at the<br />

cinemas or do some shopping.<br />

www.northlandshopping.com.au<br />

The Thornbury Theatre<br />

TAKE TRAM 86 TO STOP 41<br />

859 High Street Thornbury<br />

A majestic and unique venue on a<br />

truly grand scale. Watch theatre,<br />

plays and live music.<br />

www.thethornburytheatre.com<br />

Northcote Social Club<br />

TAKE TRAM 86, ON HIGH. ST,<br />

BETWEEN STOPS 33 AND 31<br />

301 High St, Northcote<br />

Get a pint or pot, order food from<br />

the kitchen or go see live music in<br />

the bandroom.<br />

www.northcotesocialclub.com<br />

The Peacock Hotel<br />

TAKE TRAM LINE 86, ON HIGH. ST,<br />

BETWEEN STOPS 33 AND 31<br />

210 High St., Northcote<br />

Lounge, cafe, local pub with<br />

Wednesday night trivia.<br />

www.peacockinnhotel.com.au


PLACES TO EAT AND GO<br />

EATING NEAR THE CITY<br />

THORNBURY<br />

TAKE TRAM 86, HIGH ST, BETWEEN STOPS 42 AND 40.<br />

Loui & Franko’s Pizza & Pasta Restaurant<br />

827-829 High Street | 03 9484 6691<br />

NORTHCOTE<br />

TAKE TRAM 86, HIGH ST, BETWEEN STOPS 33 AND 31.<br />

Pizza Meine Liebe Wood Fired Pizza<br />

231 High Street Northcote | 03 9482 7001<br />

I Saluti Wood Fired Pizza Pasta and Risotto<br />

232 High St. Northcote | 03 9489 9444<br />

www.isaluti.com.au<br />

Otsumami Japanese<br />

257 High Street | 03 9489 6132<br />

Downunder Curry Indian and Nepalese<br />

417 High Street | 03 9486 5333<br />

Inthanon Thai<br />

182 High Street | 9489 4970<br />

Lambs Restaurant Souvlaki<br />

305 High Street Northcote<br />

EATING CLOSE TO THE CITY<br />

CARLTON<br />

You’ll fi nd a large array of food options in Carlton.<br />

There are too many to list. It’s worth a visit!<br />

TAKE BUS 250 GARDEN CITY/PORT MELBOURNE -<br />

CITY - LA TROBE UNIVERSITY<br />

Tiamo Restaurant & Bistro<br />

303 Lygon St, Carlton | 03 9347 5759<br />

www.tiamo.com.au<br />

FITZROY<br />

TAKE TRAM 86 TO BRUNSWICK STREET STOP 13<br />

The Vegie Bar (cheap vegetarian eats)<br />

380 Brunswick St Fitzroy | 03 9417 6935<br />

www.vegiebar.com.au<br />

GETTING OUT<br />

Casa del Gelato<br />

TAKE BUS 250 TO CARLTON<br />

165 Lygon Street, Carlton<br />

Enjoy a warm Melbourne night by<br />

taking a stroll down Lygon Street.<br />

Then cool down at Casa del<br />

Gelato by selecting from a large<br />

range of fl avours including vegan.<br />

Melbourne Museum<br />

TAKE TRAM 86 TO STOP 11<br />

11 Nicholson Street, Carlton<br />

Located in Carlton Gardens,<br />

housing eight permanent<br />

galleries, explore our natural<br />

environment, culture and history.<br />

Strike Bowling at QV<br />

TAKE TRAM 86 TO STOP 6<br />

245 Little Lonsdale, Melbourne<br />

Mini burgers, mushroom and<br />

oregano tartlets, pizza and<br />

beverages and of course-bowling!<br />

www.strikebowlingbar.com.au/<br />

city-qv-vic/strike-qv<br />

The Croft Institute Bar<br />

TAKE TRAM 86 INTO THE CITY<br />

25 Croft Alley, Melbourne<br />

In the heart of Chinatown, this<br />

novel bar has Bunsen burners,<br />

test tubes and a Periodic Table.<br />

www.thecroftinstitute.com.au<br />

45


46<br />

PLACES TO EAT AND GO<br />

IN THE CITY<br />

MELBOURNE<br />

TAKE TRAM 86 TO MELBOURNE CITY STOPS 9<br />

THROUGH TO 1<br />

There are endless eating options in Melbourne. From<br />

cafes and restaurants to tapas bars and unique<br />

lounges. Eat nearby the Yarra River and Federation<br />

Square or or take a stroll to Little Burke Street’s<br />

Chinatown.<br />

Here are a few places to take you around some of<br />

Melbourne’s major eating areas.<br />

Kura Yakitori Bar<br />

1 Malthouse Lane Melbourne | 03 9654 7454<br />

http://www.kura.com.au/yakitori.htm<br />

Trunk<br />

275 Exhibition St, Melbourne (cnr Lt Lonsdale St)<br />

03 9663 7994<br />

www.trunktown.com.au<br />

Waffl e On<br />

Degraves St, Melbourne (just off Flinders Lane)<br />

Melbourne Hwaro Korean Barbecue<br />

562 Little Bourke St, Melbourne | 03 9642 5696<br />

The Lounge<br />

243 Swanston St, Melbourne | 03 9663 2916<br />

www.lounge.com.au<br />

Cookie<br />

1/252 Swanston St, Melbourne | 03 9663 7660<br />

www.cookie.net.au<br />

Wagamama Japanese<br />

83 Flinders Lane, Melbourne | 03 9671 4303<br />

www.wagamama.com.au<br />

ACMI Lounge<br />

Federation Square, Flinders Street, Melbourne<br />

www.acmi.net.au/acmi_lounge.htm<br />

GETTING PLACES TO OUT GO<br />

Australian Open Tennis<br />

18 - 31 January<br />

TAKE TRAM 86 INTO THE CITY,<br />

THEN TAKE TRAM 70 TOWARDS<br />

WATTLE PARK/ROD LAVER ARENA<br />

Melbourne Park<br />

www.australianopen.com<br />

20/20 Cricket<br />

Victoria v Tasmania<br />

6:45pm 15 January<br />

Australia v Pakistan<br />

7:30pm, 5 February<br />

TAKE TRAM 86 INTO THE CITY,<br />

THEN TAKE TRAM 70 TOWARDS<br />

WATTLE PARK<br />

Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG)<br />

www.cricket.com.au<br />

ACMI at Fed Square<br />

TAKE TRAM 86 INTO THE CITY<br />

Federation Square, Flinders<br />

Street, Melbourne<br />

A world of fi lm, television and<br />

digital culture.<br />

www.acmi.net.au<br />

Rooftop Cinema<br />

TAKE TRAM 86 TO STOP 6<br />

252 Swanston Street, Melbourne<br />

(On top of Curtin House)<br />

Film screenings after dark, on top<br />

of Curtin House.<br />

www.rooftopcinema.com.au


TIMETABLE<br />

A current timetable including updates is available from the <strong>Summer</strong> <strong>School</strong> website:<br />

www.latrobe.edu.au/mathstats/summerschool/timetable<br />

47


48<br />

EMERGENCY CONTACTS<br />

La Trobe University Melbourne (Bundoora) campus has an excellent safety record and a<br />

24-hour security presence, with security offi cers available at all times to provide assistance<br />

and support.<br />

24-HOUR SECURITY HOTLINE<br />

A 24-hour security hotline is available for emergencies.<br />

Phone 1800 800 613 (free call) or, if dialing internally, use extension 2222.<br />

AFTER HOURS SECURITY ESCORTS<br />

The security escort service commences after 9:00pm and ceases at 5:30am. It provides<br />

individual escorts on campus. This service is provided for people who are alone or in pairs<br />

and who feel uncomfortable walking in the dark.<br />

To arrange for this service please phone security on 03 9479 2012.<br />

SECURITY ACCESS PHONES<br />

A number of buildings have direct security access phones. Simply lift the handset and the<br />

phone will automatically contact security.<br />

POLICE<br />

General enquiries 03 9247 6666<br />

Police Stations – 24 hours<br />

• Reservoir 03 9460 6744<br />

• Preston 03 9479 6111<br />

• Preston East 03 9478 2670<br />

• Mill Park 03 9407 3333<br />

• Greensborough 03 9435 1044<br />

• Melbourne (Flinders Lane)<br />

03 9650 7077<br />

IMPORTANT CONTACTS<br />

Lifeline 24-hour Crisis Counselling 13 11 14<br />

SANE Mental Illness Helpline 1800 187 263<br />

Women’s Domestic Violence 1800 015 188<br />

Gay & Lesbian Switchboard 03 9663 2939<br />

Alcoholics Anonymous 03 9600 4511<br />

Gamblers Anonymous 03 9600 4511<br />

Victoria Legal Aid 03 9269 0234<br />

IN AN EMERGENCY DIAL 000 FOR POLICE FIRE AMBULANCE<br />

IN NON-EMERGENCY SITUATIONS CONTACT YOUR LOCAL POLICE<br />

STATION ON ONE OF THE ABOVE NUMBERS

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