Phonetics - Anthropology

Manner of Articulation:overview Voiced / Voiceless Aspirated / Non-aspirated Nasal / oral Stops Fricatives (a.k.a spirants) Affricates Approximants: Liquids & GlidesVoiced & Voiceless Sounds Initial position• fine / vine• thigh / thy• seal / zeal• choke / joke Final position• wreath / wreathe• bus / buzzVl / Vd -- Harder Examples Initial• pat / bat• touch / Dutch• coal / goal Final [note long vowel in vd. members]• tap / tab• set / said• pick / pig Aspirated• pot [p h ɑt]• tar [t h ar]• cool [k h ul] Non-aspirated• spot [spɑt]• star [star]• school [skul]AspirationOral vs Nasal soft palate (= velum) lowered fornasals• Sim [sɪm]• sin [sɪn]• sing [sɪŋ] velum is raised for oral sounds Nasal stopsStops• [ ɲ] as in Sp. niña [niɲa] ‘girl’ Oral stops (a.k.a. plosives)• [p, t, k, b, d, g]• [q] uvular stop (Inuktitut qimmiq ‘dog’,Quechua nuqa ‘I’)• [ʔ] glottal stop3