Phonetics - Anthropology

The IPA Founded in 1888 (Paul Passy, Henry Sweet,Karl Meinhof, Otto Jespersen)• 4 vowel heights < French• [j] rather than [y] < German, Dutch,Scandinavian, Slavic, Baltic lgs Daniel Jones: founded Dept of Phonetics &Lx at UCL Last minor revisions in 1989Articulatory Phonetics Airstream mechanisms Consonants (C’s) Places of Articulation (PofA) Manners of Articulation (MofA)• Voicing• Nasal vs oral• Fricatives• AffricatesArticulatory Phonetics cont’d Manners of Articulation cont’d• Approximants−liquids (r’s and l’s)−glides (semivowels [j] & [w], [h]) Vowels Major classes Syllables Suprasegmental (Prosodic) featuresAirstream mechanisms pulmonic• egressive glottalic• egressive (ejectives)• ingressive (implosives) velaric• ingressive (clicks)Consonants Cs: produced with some restriction orclosure in vocal tract Places of Articulation (PofA)• bilabial [p, b, m]• labiodental [f, v]• interdental [θ, ð]• dental/alveolar [t, d, n, s, z, l, r]C’s, cont’d P of A, cont’d• palatoalveolar [ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ; or š, ž, č, ɟ̌]• velar [k, g, ŋ]• uvular [ʁ, q]• glottal [ʔ, h]2