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N T I S20109) Silver JewelryBackgroundNepali silver jewelry is completely handmade using traditional processes. Unique pieces of artistic work anddesign are based on cultural, ethnic, and religious motifs. Since ancient times, Nepalese craftsmen of theShakya and Sunar families have produced pieces of gold and silver jewelry in different parts of the country.Commercial production and trading activities are mainly located in Kathmandu valley in the districts ofLalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Kavre and in Janakpur. Export of silver jewelry has remained quite stable for the pastthree years (2006/07 to 2008/09) with an average annual export value of US$5 million. 58 Import figures fromdestination countries suggest that exports are even higher (US$9.5 million in 2008). Industry sources put thefigure even higher, at around US$15 million.Index 1: Export PerformanceTable 2.31Export Value of Silver Jewelry, 2005-2009 (US$1,000)2005 2006 2007 2008 20098,312 8,588 9,774 9,519 n/aSource: TradeMap (mirror data).Notes: Products covered are 7113.11/19 and 7117.19/90. Most exportsare silver jewelry (7113.11). Above fi gures were used for the calculation ofindicators.Types of Exported Products: Several types of silver jewelry having unique and often religious or ethnic designsare exported.Current Export Destinations: Official exports mainly go to the USA, Canada, and several EU markets. Thereare practically no official import of silver jewelry registered by India, but it can be assumed that export to Indiaexist and is done informally.Potential Export Destinations: According to producers and traders, potential for future export is seen in Korea(South), China, Russia, and South Africa. Hong Kong, USA, and several EU markets have been identified asattractive markets by ITC’s calculations (see below).Nepal’s World Market Share: Nepal’s world market share is around 0.2 per cent.Trade Balance: Very little import of jewelry is recorded. However, according to industry sources, import ofraw materials, in particular silver, accounts for roughly 50 per cent of the export value. Nepal imported silverworth US$10.3 million in 2008, some of which will have been used in the jewelry industry.Dynamism of Exports: Export has been fairly stable in recent years.Export Prospect: Prospect for future export is generally seen as very good. The recent political instability andconflicts between employers and workers have left the sector largely unaffected. Also, production costs arecompetitive and workers are readily available.58Trade and Export Promotion Centre, Nepal Foreign Trade Statistics, 2009 (provisional).NEPAL TRADE INTEGRATION STRATEGY 2010BACKGROUND REPORT69
N T I S2010Index 2: World Market ConditionsTable 2.32Total World Export Value of Silver Jewelry, 2005-09 (US$1,000)2005 2006 2007 2008 20092,805,000 3,309,000 3,941,000 4,367,000 n/aNote: Data shown here are only for silver jewelry (7113.11).Price fluctuations may mostly reflect changes in the price of silver and do, therefore, not necessarily show atrend for the market for production steps undertaken in Nepal.Market Access Conditions (Tariffs and NTBs): Most major markets grant duty-free access to Nepalese silverjewelry. Tariff rates (for Nepal/MFN) for silver jewelry (7113.11) in some markets are: EU (free/2.5 per cent),US (free/5-13.5 per cent), Japan (free/6.2 per cent), Canada (free/5-8.5 per cent), and India (free/10 per cent).No specific NTBs have been reported by the interviewed companies, expect for the possible ban on silvercontaining cadmium, which is expected to be introduced by the EU and which would require testing andcertifying institutions.Major Competitors in World Market: The largest exporters are Thailand, Hong Kong, EU, China, and theUSA.World Market Prospect: The market for silver jewelry products is growing relatively fast. World exports havegrown by 14 per cent per annum between 2004 and 2008 by value (partly reflecting higher prices for silver),and by 9 per cent by volume.Index 3: Domestic Supply ConditionsProducers: According to the Federation of Handicrafts Association of Nepal, 527 firms and companies weredirectly involved in jewelry production and export in 2007/08 59 . All of these companies are owned by privateentrepreneurs and operate as small scale/cottage producers. Firms normally outsource jewelry production toindividual craftsmen in different villages who have in-house workshops.Production Capacity: At present annual production of silver jewelry is 15 to 20 MT. 60 On average eachcraftsman annually produces 5 kg of silver jewelry. 61 It is estimated that there are 6,700 craftsmen (FTEE)involved in production of silver jewelry and the annual production capacity is estimated at 50 MT. 62 Rawmaterials, in particular silver, have to be imported. It is estimated that the value added in Nepal is around 40-50 per cent of the export value.Quality of Product: Nepal is known for the high artistic quality of its jewelry. Recently, an issue of adulterationof silver with cadmium was raised and exporters have become cautious on possible adverse impact on futureexports.Productivity: Jewelry is fully handmade. Productivity and quality can be improved if production were furthermechanized.59Federation of Handicrafts Association of Nepal, Handicraft Trade Directory 2007/08, p. 280.60An estimate given by one of the leading exporters of jewelry to EU markets, Mr. Swoyambhu Ratna Tuladhar, Managing Director, Yak and YetiEnterprises Pvt Ltd., Kathmandu, Nepal. In 2008, the average world market price for 1 MT of silver was around US$ 0.5 million.61An estimate given by one of the leading exporters of jewelry to Japan, Mr. Suman Ratna Dhakhwa, Proprietor, Valhalla Enterprises, Lalitpur,Nepal62Nepal Gold and Silver Entrepreneurs Association and other industry sources.70NEPAL TRADE INTEGRATION STRATEGY 2010BACKGROUND REPORT
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Nepal Trade Integration Strategy 20
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Table of ContentsForewordAbbreviati
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Table 2.17 Acreage and Production o
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List of BoxesBox 2.1 A Nepalese IT
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LoD Limit of DetectionM&E Monitorin
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Chapter 1Trading Environment, Expor
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N T I S20101.3 Capacity Development
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N T I S2010Table 1.1Balance of Paym
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N T I S2010Changes in the Nepalese
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N T I S20101.5 Expanding an ‘Incl
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N T I S2010 Index 4 measures the po
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N T I S2010Table 1.9Impact of 19 Ex
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N T I S2010Table 1.10Geographical D
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N T I S20101.7 Declining Importance
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N T I S2010generate revenue of US$3
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N T I S2010monopsony power. Several
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N T I S2010The possibility of direc
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N T I S2010Dairy Products, specific
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Chapter 3Access to the Indian Marke
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N T I S2010The Nepal-India Trade Tr
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N T I S2010Most issues reported abo
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N T I S2010Nepalese Domestic Issues
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N T I S2010India’s view is that t
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Chapter 4Access to the Chinese Mark
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N T I S2010products must be wholly
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N T I S2010The findings discussed h
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N T I S20104.5 Other Impediments to
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N T I S20104.7 Recommendations: Cha
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N T I S2010inflow between 2000 and
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N T I S2010Industrial Parks and SEZ
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N T I S2010Lack of up-to-date polic
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N T I S2010Apart from the critical
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N T I S2010capabilities in all five
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N T I S20105.5. Combining Investmen
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Chapter 6Trade FacilitationN T I S2
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N T I S2010In the 2005 Trade Facili
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N T I S2010The latest phase of impl
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N T I S2010improve efficiency. Few
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N T I S2010Figure 7.1Future Organog
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N T I S2010EU countries, special pr
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N T I S2010Act 1980. So far, 130 fi
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N T I S2010The current projects inc
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N T I S2010The NBSM as a secretaria
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N T I S2010Many more organizations
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N T I S2010Table 7.8Existing Nepal
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Table 7.9Standards Issues for Ten E
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N T I S20107.14 Priority Actions an
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N T I S2010It is not clear what amo
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N T I S2010GeneralNepal’s general
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N T I S2010a crucial part of the PR
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N T I S2010residue limits (MRLs) ar
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N T I S2010The viral diseases chirk
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N T I S2010SPS issues Affecting Tra
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N T I S2010Indian phytosanitary sta
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N T I S20108.5 Conclusions and Reco
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N T I S2010Simpler requirements suc
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Table 8.4Summary of Export Environm
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N T I S2010To register a patent, a
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N T I S2010breaches of law. The Nep
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N T I S2010Intellectual Property is
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Chapter 10Barriers to Service Trade
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N T I S2010Constraints in the touri
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N T I S2010Table 10.2Nepal GATS Com
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N T I S2010locations favourable for
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N T I S2010Barriers to Exports of H
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N T I S2010Institutional IssueThe s
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N T I S2010 Strengthening sub-natio
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N T I S2010Observations from enterp
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N T I S2010Nepal Ginger Producers a
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N T I S2010 Helping paper manufactu
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N T I S2010Computer Association of
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N T I S20105. Also related to the a
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N T I S2010The key principles inclu
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N T I S2010That being said, Nepal h
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N T I S2010Nepal Business ForumOn M
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N T I S2010Third, capacity developm
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N T I S2010expected to emerge from
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N T I S201012.7 Possible Options fo
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N T I S201012.8 RecommendationsThe
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N T I S2010GoN / MoF (2009), Econom
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N T I S2010Thapa, Ajit N.S. (2006).
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N T I S2010NEPAL TRADE INTEGRATION
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N T I S2010MainOutcomes Recommended
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N T I S2010NEPAL TRADE INTEGRATION
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N T I S20102. GINGERStrengths Tradi
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N T I S20104. LENTILSStrengths High
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N T I S20105. TEAStrengths Very fav
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N T I S20106. INSTANT NOODLESStreng
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N T I S2010 Review, simplify, and i
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N T I S20109. SILVER JEWELRYStrengt
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N T I S201011. CHYANGRA PASHMINA PR
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N T I S201013. TOURISMStrengthsNatu
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N T I S201015. IT AND BPO SERVICESS
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N T I S201017. EDUCATION SERVICESSt
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N T I S201019. HYDRO-ELECTRICITYStr
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Appendix 1Methodology for Export Po
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N T I S2010B. Data SourcesThe analy
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Appendix 2Market Attractiveness Ind
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N T I S2010Rank13) Tourism1 Germany
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Appendix 3Updated Legislative Actio
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N T I S2010specified management sys
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N T I S2010than pesticide residues
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Appendix 5Malaysia GAP (Skim Amalam
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N T I S2010E. Document ControlQMS d
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Appendix 7Good Agricultural Practic
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