Ministry of Commerce And Supplies - Enhanced Integrated ...

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N T I S2010Cost and Quality of Infrastructure: High costs of electricity. But the costs of other infrastructures areconsidered reasonable.Efficiency of Domestic Supporting Industries: All materials are supplied by domestic collectors, middlemen,and traders. Their efficiency and improvement in quality of raw herbs depend on the prices and training.Domestic Demand: Demand for more than 20 herbs being used for essential oils is increasing and out of these11 herbs are being cultivated 36 under contract farming systems and through community forest users groups(CFUGs).Business Environment: There are no legal restrictions for investors, such as for repatriating profits and capital.However, high informal costs affect the industry.Government Initiatives and Donor Involvement: Expansion of the Community Forestry Programme and MAPsDevelopment Programmes under the Master Plan for the Forestry Sector (MPFS) 1989, Forest Act 1993 andPlant Protection Act 1972 has complemented commercial prospect. Herbs and NTFP Development Policy 2004is not being effectively implemented in absence of clear targets, strategic programmes, adequate regulatoryframeworks, and institutional mechanisms. The Herbs and NTFP Coordination Committee has not been veryeffective in the commercialization of herbs. The Department of Forestry, Department of Forestry Researchand Survey, and the DPR are taking lead roles in policy formulation, research and development, conservationand farming for the promotion of sustainable management and use of plant resources. Thirty plants havebeen identified for priority research and sustainable farming in Nepal. The DPR also has two laboratories fornatural products, herbarium and plants, eleven botanical gardens 37 , and seven district offices. Internationaland bilateral donor agencies involved in the herbs and aromatic plants sector include ICIMOD, RECAST, GTZ,SNV Nepal, WWF-KCAP, ANSAB, and IEDI. 38Prospect for Domestic Supply Conditions: Only 20-30 per cent of the naturally available stocks of identifiedherbs are collected, processed and traded. There are medium and long-run prospect for further utilization ofexisting species and identification of new species that are in demand. More than 90 per cent of the collectedcrude herbs are exported to India without processing and some of the restricted species are smuggled. Furtherinvestments in technology, training in product development, production and marketing are needed to achievediversification and growth.Index 4: Socio-economic ImpactCurrent Employment and Job-Creation Prospect: It is estimated that the sector gives FTEE to about 10,000people in Nepal. 39 This includes 8,000 persons in collection, 1,000 in intermediary trading, and 1,000 inprocessing and trading houses (NHHPA).Gender Impact: Mostly women are engaged in the collection, cleaning, and grading of herbs. It is estimatedthat more than 50 per cent of workers are female.Contribution to Skill Development: Traditional skill is passing through the younger generations, butfurther training is needed for waste minimization, improvements in the value chain and natural resourcesconservation.36MAP being cultivated include Asparagus recimosus, Chammomile, Citronella, French Basil, Holy Basil, Lemongrass, Mentha arvensis,Palmarosa, Swertia Chirayita, Withania somanifera and Xanthozylem armatum (Timur).37There are 11 government botanical gardens, including the National Botanical Garden of Godavari, with more than 357 ha of land for thecollection and conservation of herbal and other plants in Nepal.38Yubaraj Pokhrel and Govinda Ghimire, Seabukthorn, “Prakriti”, Nepal Herbs and Herbal Products Association, Quarterly, Year 3, No2, p. 29,Magh 2063.39Calculation of full employment is based on the earning of US$1,000 per full-employed person, who approximately earns Rs.200 per day.NEPAL TRADE INTEGRATION STRATEGY 2010BACKGROUND REPORT59
N T I S2010Impact on Development of Disadvantaged Regions: Further development and commercialization of wild aswell as cultivated herbs in Nepal has a direct and positive economic impact on the livelihoods of people in theMid-Western and Far-Western Regions of Nepal. At present, two regions together contribute to more than85 per cent of the total collection of herbs in Nepal.Energy and Water Constraints: Collection of wild herbs or cultivation of other herbs does not require intensiveirrigation systems. Energy consumption is minimal, except for the production of essential oils.Environmental Impact: In case of wild herbs, environmental impact is minimal, except the possible harm toendangered species. Cultivated herbs contribute positively to the environment.Market Attractiveness IndexThe MAI is calculated separately for two products: medicinal herbs (1211.90) and essential oils (3301.29, themain types of essential oils which Nepal exports). Herbs are exported mainly to Hong Kong and India, but theresults suggest that the USA and several European countries could be attractive markets for future exportsof herbs as well as essential oils. Both products are, however, very heterogeneous (Table 2.27), so the MAIcan only give some first guidance. Whether the types of herbs which Nepal produces are actually the onesdemanded in some of these potential export markets cannot be seen from the available data.RankCountryTable 2.25Attractive Markets for Medicinal HerbsAttractive markets for medicinal herbs (HS 1211.90)Exports Nepal World market(2008) shareTop 10 - Weighted Market Attractiveness IndexGrowth rate(2004-2008)Tariff forNepalTariffadvantageMain competitors1 USA 13 14.4% 15.1% 0% 1% India, China, Mexico2 France 0 5.2% 14.7% 0% 0% Morocco, China, Italy3 Germany 22 9.3% 10.5% 0% 0% Poland, Chile, Egypt4 Viet Nam 0 3.7% 27.8% 5% 0% China, India, Hong Kong SARC5 Singapore 1 4.0% 20.0% 0% 0% Indonesia, China, Hong Kong S.6 Japan 0 7.2% 8.2% 0% 0% China, Thailand, India7 Italy 0 3.7% 13.1% 0% 1% USA, France, Germany8 Russia 0 1.8% 41.5% 0% 3% Germany, Egypt, Nigeria9 Belgium 0 2.8% 15.6% 0% 1% Israel, France, Morocco10 Korea (South) 0 3.2% 14.6% 8% 0% China, USA, Hong Kong SARCAttractive markets for medicinal herbs (HS 1211.90)Top 10 by size, growth, openess and current exportstop10top10 top10 current exports from NepalRank top10 SIZEGROWTH OPENESS(US$ 1,000 in 2008)1 USA Russia India Hong Kong (S.) 1,8752 Germany Viet Nam Russia India 1,0253 Japan Singapore Kazakhstan Germany 224 France USA Belarus China 225 Singapore France Belgium USA 136 Viet Nam Korea (South) USA Pakistan 117 Italy Italy Italy Czech Republic 98 Hong Kong (SARC) Belgium UK UAE 59 Korea (South) Germany Sweden Australia 410 Canada Switzerland Czech Republic Switzerland 360NEPAL TRADE INTEGRATION STRATEGY 2010BACKGROUND REPORT
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Nepal Trade Integration Strategy 20
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Table of ContentsForewordAbbreviati
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Table 2.17 Acreage and Production o
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List of BoxesBox 2.1 A Nepalese IT
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LoD Limit of DetectionM&E Monitorin
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Chapter 1Trading Environment, Expor
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N T I S20101.3 Capacity Development
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N T I S2010Table 1.1Balance of Paym
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N T I S2010Changes in the Nepalese
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N T I S201017) Education ServicesBa
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N T I S2010should be interpreted ca
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N T I S2010foreign students. The me
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N T I S2010Under mode 4 (presence o
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N T I S2010Index 4: Socio-economic
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N T I S2010generate revenue of US$3
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N T I S2010monopsony power. Several
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N T I S2010The possibility of direc
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N T I S2010Dairy Products, specific
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Chapter 3Access to the Indian Marke
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N T I S2010The Nepal-India Trade Tr
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N T I S2010Most issues reported abo
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N T I S2010Nepalese Domestic Issues
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N T I S2010India’s view is that t
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Chapter 4Access to the Chinese Mark
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N T I S2010products must be wholly
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N T I S2010The findings discussed h
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N T I S20104.5 Other Impediments to
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N T I S20104.7 Recommendations: Cha
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N T I S2010inflow between 2000 and
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N T I S2010Industrial Parks and SEZ
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N T I S2010Lack of up-to-date polic
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N T I S2010Apart from the critical
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N T I S2010capabilities in all five
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N T I S20105.5. Combining Investmen
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Chapter 6Trade FacilitationN T I S2
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N T I S2010In the 2005 Trade Facili
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N T I S2010The latest phase of impl
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N T I S2010improve efficiency. Few
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N T I S2010Figure 7.1Future Organog
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N T I S2010EU countries, special pr
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N T I S2010Act 1980. So far, 130 fi
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N T I S2010The current projects inc
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N T I S2010The NBSM as a secretaria
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N T I S2010Many more organizations
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N T I S2010Table 7.8Existing Nepal
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Table 7.9Standards Issues for Ten E
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N T I S20107.14 Priority Actions an
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N T I S2010It is not clear what amo
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N T I S2010GeneralNepal’s general
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N T I S2010a crucial part of the PR
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N T I S2010residue limits (MRLs) ar
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N T I S2010The viral diseases chirk
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N T I S2010SPS issues Affecting Tra
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N T I S2010Indian phytosanitary sta
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N T I S20108.5 Conclusions and Reco
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N T I S2010Simpler requirements suc
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Table 8.4Summary of Export Environm
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N T I S2010To register a patent, a
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N T I S2010breaches of law. The Nep
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N T I S2010Intellectual Property is
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Chapter 10Barriers to Service Trade
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N T I S2010Constraints in the touri
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N T I S2010Table 10.2Nepal GATS Com
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N T I S2010locations favourable for
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N T I S2010Barriers to Exports of H
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N T I S2010Institutional IssueThe s
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N T I S2010 Strengthening sub-natio
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N T I S2010Observations from enterp
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N T I S2010Nepal Ginger Producers a
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N T I S2010 Helping paper manufactu
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N T I S2010Computer Association of
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N T I S20105. Also related to the a
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N T I S2010The key principles inclu
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N T I S2010That being said, Nepal h
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N T I S2010Nepal Business ForumOn M
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N T I S2010Third, capacity developm
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N T I S2010expected to emerge from
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N T I S201012.7 Possible Options fo
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N T I S201012.8 RecommendationsThe
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N T I S2010GoN / MoF (2009), Econom
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N T I S2010Thapa, Ajit N.S. (2006).
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N T I S2010NEPAL TRADE INTEGRATION
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N T I S2010MainOutcomes Recommended
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N T I S2010NEPAL TRADE INTEGRATION
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N T I S20102. GINGERStrengths Tradi
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N T I S20104. LENTILSStrengths High
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N T I S20105. TEAStrengths Very fav
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N T I S20106. INSTANT NOODLESStreng
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N T I S2010 Review, simplify, and i
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N T I S20109. SILVER JEWELRYStrengt
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N T I S201011. CHYANGRA PASHMINA PR
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N T I S201013. TOURISMStrengthsNatu
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N T I S201015. IT AND BPO SERVICESS
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N T I S201017. EDUCATION SERVICESSt
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N T I S201019. HYDRO-ELECTRICITYStr
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Appendix 1Methodology for Export Po
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N T I S2010B. Data SourcesThe analy
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Appendix 2Market Attractiveness Ind
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N T I S2010Rank13) Tourism1 Germany
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Appendix 3Updated Legislative Actio
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N T I S2010specified management sys
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N T I S2010than pesticide residues
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Appendix 5Malaysia GAP (Skim Amalam
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N T I S2010E. Document ControlQMS d
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Appendix 7Good Agricultural Practic
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