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N T I S2010Gender Impact: The respondents stated that the industry provides high opportunities for women employment.The share of women in visited companies is well above 50 per cent, but mostly for low-skill jobs, such aspacking. However, official employment data for 2006/07 indicates that only 25 per cent of the total workersemployed were women.Impact on Development of Disadvantaged Regions: There is no particular impact on disadvantaged regions,except for possible backward linkages to the wheat sector.Energy and Water Constraints: The energy intensity of this sector is considered average. The productionrequires electricity and water, and industry sources stated that the supply of both is often problematic. All thefactories have their own sources of back-up supplies of water and electricity, which increases their productioncosts.Environmental Impact: There are no particular negative environmental effects of this sector.Market Attractiveness IndexInstant noodles mainly fall under HS 1902.19, ‘Uncooked pasta, not stuffed or otherwise prepared’. A lot ofother pasta products fall under this category, such as ‘ravioli’ or other products which are entirely differentfrom the type of instant noodles that are popular in most parts of Asia. Therefore, trade data could not beused to identify promising markets. The table shows the 10 largest markets in terms of consumption andconsumption growth (for which data is available), together with tariff data. Out of the 10 largest markets,Nepal currently exports only to India. It can be assumed that instant noodles are mainly produced locally inthese markets. Nepal would also face very high tariff barriers in many of them.Table 2.22Attractive Markets for Instant NoodlesAttractive markets for Instant noodles (HS 1902.11/19)Top 10 - Market Attractiveness Index by market sizeRank CountryExports Nepal World market Growth rate Tariff for Tariff(2008) share (2004-2008) Nepal advantage1 China, Hong Kong - 48.3% 3.7% 15% 0%2 Indonesia - 14.6% 3.3% 5% 0%3 Japan - 5.4% -2.0% 20-30% 20-30%4 USA - 4.6% 3.3% 0-6% 0-6%5 Vietnam - 4.2% 12.1% 50% 0%6 Republic of Korea - 3.6% -2.2% 8% 0%7 Philippines - 2.7% 0.0% 15% 0%8 Thailand - 2.3% 5.1% 30% 0%9 Russia - 2.1% 7.1% 15% 0%10 India 9,150 1.7% 38.0% 30% 30%NEPAL TRADE INTEGRATION STRATEGY 2010BACKGROUND REPORT55
N T I S2010Attractive markets for Instant noodles (HS 1902.11/19)Top 10 by size, growth, openess and current exportstop10top10 top10 current exports from NepalRank top10 SIZEGROWTH OPENESS(US$ 1,000 in 2008)1 China (incl. HK) India India India 9,1502 Indonesia Myanmar Japan Qatar 1453 Japan Nigeria Norway Belgium 154 USA Costa Rica Australia UK 135 Vietnam Vietnam Switzerland Canada 96 Korea (South) Cambodia USA7 Philippines Malaysia New Zealand8 Thailand GCC* Canada9 Russia Nepal Portugal10 India Russia ItalySource: MacMap and WINA. World market share is measured by consumption per country. Exports are inUS$ 1,000. GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) countries7) Medicinal Herbs and Essential OilsBackgroundThe Himalayan medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP) have directly contributed to the livelihoods of peoplein Nepal’s mountainous areas for many centuries. Nepal’s biodiversity exists due to its climatic conditions,and many isolated topographical locations hosts around 7,000 species of plants. 23 About 1,800 speciesare currently in use for production of Ayurvedic, Unani, and Siddha medicines 24 and also for essential oils,cosmetics, aromatic foods, and perfumes. A recent report counted 701 species of medicinal plants in Nepal. 25,26At present, the processing of MAP is limited to distilling of essential oils. The major part of collected plantsis exported to India in raw form. A smaller part is processed into essential oils or used in the manufacturingof traditional Ayurvedic medicines. Essential oils are exported to overseas markets and then used in themanufacturing of cosmetics, perfumes, and pharmaceuticals. Local production of such items for export isvery limited.The sector has the potential to contribute more to poverty alleviation as it provides employment in remoteareas where the harvest takes place. There is a surging global market and growing consumers’ preferencesfor natural food and natural health care and herbal products.Index 1: Export PerformanceTable 2.23Export Value of Medicinal Herbs and Essential Oils, 2005-2009 (US$1,000)2005 2006 2007 2008 2009Medicinal herbs (1211.90)* 2,143* 1,314* 1,802* 2,991* n/aEssential oils (3301) 379 491 586 963 n/aNote: *Export values above are based on offi cial import statistics from third countries.23Department of Plant Resources, MFSO/GoN, Flowering Plants of Nepal (Phanerogams), 2001.24Baral, S.R. and Khurmi P.P., A Compendium of Medicinal Plants of Nepal, 2006.25Department of Plant Resources, MFSC/GoN, Bulletin No 28, Medicinal Plants of Nepal (Revised) 2007.26K.P. Acharya, R.P. Chaudhary and O.R. Vetaas [not consistent with name style in fn 24], ‘Medicinal Plants of Nepal: Distribution pattern alongan elevation gradient’ (…), Banko Janakari, A Journal of Forestry Information for Nepal Department of Forestry Research and Survey, Vol 19,No 1, May 2009.56NEPAL TRADE INTEGRATION STRATEGY 2010BACKGROUND REPORT
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Nepal Trade Integration Strategy 20
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Table of ContentsForewordAbbreviati
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Table 2.17 Acreage and Production o
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List of BoxesBox 2.1 A Nepalese IT
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LoD Limit of DetectionM&E Monitorin
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Chapter 1Trading Environment, Expor
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N T I S20101.3 Capacity Development
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Page 51 and 52: N T I S2010The opportunities for pr
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Page 62 and 63: N T I S2010Cost and Quality of Infr
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N T I S201016) Health ServicesBackg
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N T I S2010medical services are bei
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N T I S201017) Education ServicesBa
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N T I S2010should be interpreted ca
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N T I S2010foreign students. The me
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N T I S2010Under mode 4 (presence o
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N T I S2010Index 4: Socio-economic
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N T I S2010generate revenue of US$3
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N T I S2010monopsony power. Several
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N T I S2010The possibility of direc
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N T I S2010Dairy Products, specific
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Chapter 3Access to the Indian Marke
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N T I S2010The Nepal-India Trade Tr
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N T I S2010Most issues reported abo
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N T I S2010Nepalese Domestic Issues
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N T I S2010India’s view is that t
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Chapter 4Access to the Chinese Mark
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N T I S2010products must be wholly
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N T I S2010The findings discussed h
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N T I S20104.5 Other Impediments to
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N T I S20104.7 Recommendations: Cha
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N T I S2010inflow between 2000 and
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N T I S2010Industrial Parks and SEZ
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N T I S2010Lack of up-to-date polic
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N T I S2010Apart from the critical
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N T I S2010capabilities in all five
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N T I S20105.5. Combining Investmen
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Chapter 6Trade FacilitationN T I S2
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N T I S2010In the 2005 Trade Facili
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N T I S2010The latest phase of impl
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N T I S2010improve efficiency. Few
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N T I S2010Figure 7.1Future Organog
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N T I S2010EU countries, special pr
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N T I S2010Act 1980. So far, 130 fi
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N T I S2010The current projects inc
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N T I S2010The NBSM as a secretaria
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N T I S2010Many more organizations
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N T I S2010Table 7.8Existing Nepal
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Table 7.9Standards Issues for Ten E
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N T I S20107.14 Priority Actions an
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N T I S2010It is not clear what amo
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N T I S2010GeneralNepal’s general
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N T I S2010a crucial part of the PR
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N T I S2010residue limits (MRLs) ar
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N T I S2010The viral diseases chirk
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N T I S2010SPS issues Affecting Tra
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N T I S2010Indian phytosanitary sta
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N T I S20108.5 Conclusions and Reco
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N T I S2010Simpler requirements suc
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Table 8.4Summary of Export Environm
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N T I S2010To register a patent, a
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N T I S2010breaches of law. The Nep
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N T I S2010Intellectual Property is
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Chapter 10Barriers to Service Trade
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N T I S2010Constraints in the touri
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N T I S2010Table 10.2Nepal GATS Com
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N T I S2010locations favourable for
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N T I S2010Barriers to Exports of H
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N T I S2010Institutional IssueThe s
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N T I S2010 Strengthening sub-natio
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N T I S2010Observations from enterp
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N T I S2010Nepal Ginger Producers a
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N T I S2010 Helping paper manufactu
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N T I S2010Computer Association of
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N T I S20105. Also related to the a
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N T I S2010The key principles inclu
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N T I S2010That being said, Nepal h
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N T I S2010Nepal Business ForumOn M
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N T I S2010Third, capacity developm
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N T I S2010expected to emerge from
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N T I S201012.7 Possible Options fo
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N T I S201012.8 RecommendationsThe
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N T I S2010GoN / MoF (2009), Econom
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N T I S2010Thapa, Ajit N.S. (2006).
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N T I S2010NEPAL TRADE INTEGRATION
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N T I S2010MainOutcomes Recommended
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N T I S2010NEPAL TRADE INTEGRATION
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N T I S20102. GINGERStrengths Tradi
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N T I S20104. LENTILSStrengths High
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N T I S20105. TEAStrengths Very fav
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N T I S20106. INSTANT NOODLESStreng
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N T I S2010 Review, simplify, and i
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N T I S20109. SILVER JEWELRYStrengt
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N T I S201011. CHYANGRA PASHMINA PR
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N T I S201013. TOURISMStrengthsNatu
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N T I S201015. IT AND BPO SERVICESS
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N T I S201017. EDUCATION SERVICESSt
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N T I S201019. HYDRO-ELECTRICITYStr
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Appendix 1Methodology for Export Po
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N T I S2010B. Data SourcesThe analy
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Appendix 2Market Attractiveness Ind
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N T I S2010Rank13) Tourism1 Germany
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Appendix 3Updated Legislative Actio
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N T I S2010specified management sys
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N T I S2010than pesticide residues
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Appendix 5Malaysia GAP (Skim Amalam
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N T I S2010E. Document ControlQMS d
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Appendix 7Good Agricultural Practic
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