Ministry of Commerce And Supplies - Enhanced Integrated ...
Ministry of Commerce And Supplies - Enhanced Integrated ... Ministry of Commerce And Supplies - Enhanced Integrated ...
N T I S2010than pesticide residues given that most agro-food exports are cooked (kill step) before consumption. It isimportant to understand that food-borne human pathogens and toxins originate from three main sources: (1)humans (through ignorance and inadequate provision of amenities such as toilets and hand-washing facilities);(2) domestic animals where there are opportunities for cross-contamination; and (3) toxin producing plantpathogens such as Aspergillus and Fusarium spp. It is important to note that mycotoxins are not destroyedby cooking.Nevertheless, the current microbiological situation in Nepalese agriculture is unacceptable not only from aGAPs perspective, but also as a matter of public health. To address these three issues from a GAPs perspective,the following is necessary:1. Faecal contamination: It is vitally necessary to segregate animal production and accompanying animalwaste from the harvest and post-harvest treatment of food crops. Granted that smallholder farmershave highly limited resources; in fact, what is mostly needed is awareness. In a rather typical instanceillustrated (Figure 1), the use of simple drying racks on the other side of the dwelling would reduce thepotential cross contamination considerably. Backed up by proper hand washing facilities and toilets,*this simple change would go a long way towards GAPs compliance;2. Provision of clean water: It is critical to develop a culture of neighbourliness backed up by legislationand technology in respect of water. Farmers go to some trouble to provide themselves with cleanwater (Figure 2), but then generally let it run down to ultimately heavily pollute the valley bottoms.The technology to provide soak-aways to return waste water into the water table in an environmentallysustainable way is cheap and simple and requires little in the way of inputs that is not already readilyavailable locally.Animal feeding (right) with dried coles destined forhuman consumption (bottom left)Typical provision of drinking water in the Kathmanduvalley with significant down hill/stream pollution* It was not possible to look at toilets during the field work that accompanied the preparation of this chapter, but these need not be complex orexpensive, e.g. the ‘Blair’ toilet in Zimbabwe.NEPAL TRADE INTEGRATION STRATEGY 2010BACKGROUND REPORT305
N T I S2010In terms of post-harvest microbiological risks (farm gate to consumer), there are currently two possiblestandards for application to pack-house situations in Nepal. These are the introduction of a compulsory: QMS (Quality Management System) (ISO 9001:2000). This could be regarded as a first stage certificationin preparation for full HACCP certification; HACCP Standard as adopted by the NSC (ISO 22000:2005), which can be certified by a third partycertification body.Currently, no pack-house in Nepal has been through a QMS/HACCP audit. All certification processes have abusiness cost and the need for developing more advanced certification schemes for pack-houses should beadopted on the basis of clearly defined business need or properly enforced legislative requirements (as is thecase, for example, in Thailand). Business needs may include customer requirements and/or market access.Priority 3: Control of Gross Contamination of Agricultural ProductsThis is a function of the full implementation of GAPs and need not be considered further,E. Recommendations Nepal should seek advice on developing a national GAP standard with a modified form of group- GAPscertification, as outlined in Appendix 5. The outset goal should be that the standards can be ‘ratcheted’up in stages over a period so as to meet full international standards. The immediate objective wouldbe to avoid batch testing of agro-food exports for pesticide residues at the Indian border. Accordingly,it would be necessary to consult with the relevant Indian authorities about an acceptable form ofcertification to avoid batch testing; This certification should be closely coordinated with the socio-economic programmes, particularlythose that are working with institution building in the form of cooperatives, marketing associationsand commodity associations; A forward plan of a phased GAPs system (a developed GAP standard and system of auditing andcertification) should be prepared to enable prioritization in terms of chemical>microbiological>foreignbody certification/compliance; The DoA MoHP should have a wide remit to provide necessary ongoing training to many groups(farmers, marketers, processors, handlers) on the implementation of GAPs, GMPs, and subsequentcertification; Nepal’s pesticide registration and approval procedures need review to ensure compliance with theUnited Kingdom Pesticide Safety Directorate permitted levels; Farmers receive advice on pesticides from many different sources. This includes pesticide companysales staff and the DoA. The quality of this advice may vary and in some cases may not be safe, legal orappropriate, and must be addressed by a certificate of competence in crop protection as a mandatoryrequirement for all advisors and sellers of pesticides; Suitable training and certification of pesticide advisors and applicators is necessary to re-assurecustomers that they operate under the same standards of pesticide knowledge as those companies intarget markets; The development of a training similar scheme for the advisors and sellers of pesticides in Nepal.306NEPAL TRADE INTEGRATION STRATEGY 2010BACKGROUND REPORT
- Page 267 and 268: N T I S2010GoN / MoF (2009), Econom
- Page 269 and 270: N T I S2010Thapa, Ajit N.S. (2006).
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- Page 274 and 275: N T I S2010MainOutcomes Recommended
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- Page 283 and 284: N T I S20102. GINGERStrengths Tradi
- Page 285 and 286: N T I S20104. LENTILSStrengths High
- Page 287 and 288: N T I S20105. TEAStrengths Very fav
- Page 289 and 290: N T I S20106. INSTANT NOODLESStreng
- Page 291 and 292: N T I S2010 Review, simplify, and i
- Page 293 and 294: N T I S20109. SILVER JEWELRYStrengt
- Page 295 and 296: N T I S201011. CHYANGRA PASHMINA PR
- Page 297 and 298: N T I S201013. TOURISMStrengthsNatu
- Page 299 and 300: N T I S201015. IT AND BPO SERVICESS
- Page 301 and 302: N T I S201017. EDUCATION SERVICESSt
- Page 303 and 304: N T I S201019. HYDRO-ELECTRICITYStr
- Page 306 and 307: Appendix 1Methodology for Export Po
- Page 308 and 309: N T I S2010B. Data SourcesThe analy
- Page 310 and 311: Appendix 2Market Attractiveness Ind
- Page 312 and 313: N T I S2010Rank13) Tourism1 Germany
- Page 314 and 315: Appendix 3Updated Legislative Actio
- Page 316 and 317: N T I S2010specified management sys
- Page 320 and 321: Appendix 5Malaysia GAP (Skim Amalam
- Page 322 and 323: N T I S2010E. Document ControlQMS d
- Page 324 and 325: Appendix 7Good Agricultural Practic
N T I S2010In terms <strong>of</strong> post-harvest microbiological risks (farm gate to consumer), there are currently two possiblestandards for application to pack-house situations in Nepal. These are the introduction <strong>of</strong> a compulsory: QMS (Quality Management System) (ISO 9001:2000). This could be regarded as a first stage certificationin preparation for full HACCP certification; HACCP Standard as adopted by the NSC (ISO 22000:2005), which can be certified by a third partycertification body.Currently, no pack-house in Nepal has been through a QMS/HACCP audit. All certification processes have abusiness cost and the need for developing more advanced certification schemes for pack-houses should beadopted on the basis <strong>of</strong> clearly defined business need or properly enforced legislative requirements (as is thecase, for example, in Thailand). Business needs may include customer requirements and/or market access.Priority 3: Control <strong>of</strong> Gross Contamination <strong>of</strong> Agricultural ProductsThis is a function <strong>of</strong> the full implementation <strong>of</strong> GAPs and need not be considered further,E. Recommendations Nepal should seek advice on developing a national GAP standard with a modified form <strong>of</strong> group- GAPscertification, as outlined in Appendix 5. The outset goal should be that the standards can be ‘ratcheted’up in stages over a period so as to meet full international standards. The immediate objective wouldbe to avoid batch testing <strong>of</strong> agro-food exports for pesticide residues at the Indian border. Accordingly,it would be necessary to consult with the relevant Indian authorities about an acceptable form <strong>of</strong>certification to avoid batch testing; This certification should be closely coordinated with the socio-economic programmes, particularlythose that are working with institution building in the form <strong>of</strong> cooperatives, marketing associationsand commodity associations; A forward plan <strong>of</strong> a phased GAPs system (a developed GAP standard and system <strong>of</strong> auditing andcertification) should be prepared to enable prioritization in terms <strong>of</strong> chemical>microbiological>foreignbody certification/compliance; The DoA MoHP should have a wide remit to provide necessary ongoing training to many groups(farmers, marketers, processors, handlers) on the implementation <strong>of</strong> GAPs, GMPs, and subsequentcertification; Nepal’s pesticide registration and approval procedures need review to ensure compliance with theUnited Kingdom Pesticide Safety Directorate permitted levels; Farmers receive advice on pesticides from many different sources. This includes pesticide companysales staff and the DoA. The quality <strong>of</strong> this advice may vary and in some cases may not be safe, legal orappropriate, and must be addressed by a certificate <strong>of</strong> competence in crop protection as a mandatoryrequirement for all advisors and sellers <strong>of</strong> pesticides; Suitable training and certification <strong>of</strong> pesticide advisors and applicators is necessary to re-assurecustomers that they operate under the same standards <strong>of</strong> pesticide knowledge as those companies intarget markets; The development <strong>of</strong> a training similar scheme for the advisors and sellers <strong>of</strong> pesticides in Nepal.306NEPAL TRADE INTEGRATION STRATEGY 2010BACKGROUND REPORT
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