Ministry of Commerce And Supplies - Enhanced Integrated ...

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N T I S201014. LABOUR SERVICESStrengths Temporary overseas employment has helpedgenerate domestic employment and foreign exchangeearnings and has been a major contributor to povertyreduction in Nepal Good quality of services provided by temporarymigrant Nepalese workers Availability of training centres to prepare migrantworkers before assignmentOpportunities Improve skills of migrant workers to increase theirpotential salaries Channel more remittances into productiveinvestments in Nepal Improve assistance to migrant workers throughlabour attachés in overseas diplomatic missions andbilateral agreements with host countries Migration can help build skills of workers (brain gain)WeaknessesMost temporary migrant workers are low-skilledRemittance are rarely invested in productiveenterprises in NepalMigration causes brain drainLack of a clear government policy on manpowercompaniesThreatsHigh dependency on economic situation andimmigration policies of receiving countriesActions Improve consular services to assist Nepalese workers abroad, e.g. through increased number ofrelevant officers in Nepalese embassies in major host countries. Launch training programmes in various districts with the involvement of manpower companies,i.e. on PPP. Establish additional training centres, if necessary. Monitor and supervise existing training institutes for quality. Strengthen skill development programmes. Launch basic awareness and information programmes in the districts at the time of issuingpassports. Increase awareness of the Foreign Employment Act 2007. Assess the need for a separate labour bureau for migrant workers and take necessary steps forthe establishment of such a bureau. Put in place a mechanism to look at the complaints made by the workers returning before theircontract period. Simplify bureaucratic procedures at government departments prior to departure and introduceone-stop payment of fees. Encourage and enable Nepalese manpower companies to visit the foreign companies concernedwhen problems arise. Improve channels for remitting earnings. Increase access of Nepalese women temporary migrants to overseas employment markets. Strengthen GoN’s ability to negotiate bilateral agreements with receiving countries and use thisas an opportunity to diversify destination markets.NEPAL TRADE INTEGRATION STRATEGY 2010BACKGROUND REPORT285
N T I S201015. IT AND BPO SERVICESStrengths Low labour costs Steady improvement in human resources andcommunication infrastructure Less affected by political disturbances, strikes,bandhas, etc. compared to other sectors Reduced income tax for IT services (20 per centinstead of 25 per cent) Located between two large outsourcing markets, viz.India and China Skilled and qualified manpower Proficiency in English (call centres)Opportunities Global IT/BPO market is growing fast Opportunity to enter Indian and Chinese marketsbecause of Nepal’s location advantage and knowledgeof languages (Hindi, English for Indian market) Opportunity for learning from joint venture partners(exposure in production, sales, and management)WeaknessesLimited and expensive bandwidth (five times moreexpensive than in India) due to lack of competitionPoor infrastructure, i.e. electricity supply, availabilityof fuel for generatorsCumbersome VAT refund processNo facilitating regulation for outsourcing and callcentres as export-based industryLack of data on the sectorLack of double taxation agreements with exportingcountriesThreatsPolitical instability and security challengesBrain drain of skilled peopleActions Create conditions for a truly competitive telecommunications market. (The absence of a clearregulatory environment is an issue. The overlapping mandates of the Ministry of Informationand Communications and the Ministry of Science and Technology are a problem.) Create a larger IT park with good infrastructural facilities (electricity and telecom in particular)and attractive to private investors. (The IT park outside Kathmandu is too small and canaccommodate only up to 300 people.) Review tax structure and fiscal incentives for the sector. Reduce taxes on IT equipment (hardware and software) and facilitate VAT refund. Amend foreign exchange restrictions (The limit of US$2,000 per person going abroad is ahindrance to proper development of overseas business opportunities.) Collect data on the sector, e.g. through an extensive survey of IT/BPO companies with regularfollow-up. Regularly monitor export values to increase public awareness of the economicimportance and dynamism of the sector. Identify bottlenecks and possible government/donor interventions and strategies. Promote Nepal in India and elsewhere as an offshore destination for IT and BPO services. Encourage CMMI certification of enterprises in the sector. (CMMI is the internationalbenchmark for quality and delivery. Only one Nepalese firm is currently certified.)286NEPAL TRADE INTEGRATION STRATEGY 2010BACKGROUND REPORT
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Nepal Trade Integration Strategy 20
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Table of ContentsForewordAbbreviati
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Table 2.17 Acreage and Production o
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List of BoxesBox 2.1 A Nepalese IT
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LoD Limit of DetectionM&E Monitorin
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Chapter 1Trading Environment, Expor
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N T I S20101.3 Capacity Development
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N T I S2010Table 1.1Balance of Paym
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N T I S2010Changes in the Nepalese
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N T I S20101.5 Expanding an ‘Incl
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N T I S2010 Index 4 measures the po
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N T I S2010Table 1.9Impact of 19 Ex
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N T I S2010Table 1.10Geographical D
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N T I S20101.7 Declining Importance
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N T I S2010negotiate for the inclus
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N T I S2010Types of Exported Produc
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N T I S2010Table 2.2Large Cardamom:
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N T I S2010Index 4: Socio-economic
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N T I S2010Index 1: Export Performa
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N T I S2010exporters. Nepal permits
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N T I S2010RankCountryExports Nepal
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N T I S2010like China and Australia
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N T I S2010The opportunities for pr
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N T I S2010Lentils are subject to o
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N T I S2010Production Capacity: Nat
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N T I S2010Gender Impact: This sect
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N T I S2010Export Prospect: Accordi
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N T I S2010Cost and Quality of Infr
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N T I S2010Attractive markets for T
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N T I S2010Market Access Conditions
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N T I S2010Gender Impact: The respo
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N T I S2010Information from industr
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N T I S2010RankCountryTable 2.26Att
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N T I S2010# Botanical Name 41 Spec
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N T I S2010Current Export Destinati
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N T I S2010significant attention fr
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N T I S20109) Silver JewelryBackgro
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N T I S2010Availability and Quality
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N T I S2010Attractive Markets for S
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N T I S2010Production Capacity: Nep
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N T I S2010ii.iii.required for the
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N T I S201012345678910# Name of Ste
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N T I S2010Export Prospect: Accordi
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N T I S2010Gender Impact: Female wo
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N T I S2010The value added of those
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N T I S2010sheep population, which
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N T I S201013) TourismBackgroundTou
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N T I S2010Index 2: World Market Co
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N T I S2010There are also about 24
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N T I S2010Index 1: Export Performa
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N T I S2010Index 2: World Market Co
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N T I S2010Contribution to Skill De
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N T I S2010Types of Exported Servic
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N T I S201016) Health ServicesBackg
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N T I S2010medical services are bei
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N T I S201017) Education ServicesBa
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N T I S2010should be interpreted ca
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N T I S2010foreign students. The me
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N T I S2010Under mode 4 (presence o
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N T I S2010Index 4: Socio-economic
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N T I S2010generate revenue of US$3
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N T I S2010monopsony power. Several
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N T I S2010The possibility of direc
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N T I S2010Dairy Products, specific
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Chapter 3Access to the Indian Marke
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N T I S2010The Nepal-India Trade Tr
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N T I S2010Most issues reported abo
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N T I S2010Nepalese Domestic Issues
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N T I S2010India’s view is that t
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Chapter 4Access to the Chinese Mark
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N T I S2010products must be wholly
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N T I S2010The findings discussed h
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N T I S20104.5 Other Impediments to
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N T I S20104.7 Recommendations: Cha
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N T I S2010inflow between 2000 and
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N T I S2010Industrial Parks and SEZ
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N T I S2010Lack of up-to-date polic
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N T I S2010Apart from the critical
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N T I S2010capabilities in all five
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N T I S20105.5. Combining Investmen
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Chapter 6Trade FacilitationN T I S2
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N T I S2010In the 2005 Trade Facili
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N T I S2010The latest phase of impl
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N T I S2010improve efficiency. Few
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N T I S2010Figure 7.1Future Organog
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N T I S2010EU countries, special pr
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N T I S2010Act 1980. So far, 130 fi
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N T I S2010The current projects inc
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N T I S2010The NBSM as a secretaria
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N T I S2010Many more organizations
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N T I S2010Table 7.8Existing Nepal
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Table 7.9Standards Issues for Ten E
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N T I S20107.14 Priority Actions an
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N T I S2010It is not clear what amo
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N T I S2010GeneralNepal’s general
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N T I S2010a crucial part of the PR
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N T I S2010residue limits (MRLs) ar
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N T I S2010The viral diseases chirk
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N T I S2010SPS issues Affecting Tra
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N T I S2010Indian phytosanitary sta
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N T I S20108.5 Conclusions and Reco
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N T I S2010Simpler requirements suc
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Table 8.4Summary of Export Environm
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N T I S2010To register a patent, a
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N T I S2010breaches of law. The Nep
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N T I S2010Intellectual Property is
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Chapter 10Barriers to Service Trade
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N T I S2010Constraints in the touri
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N T I S2010Table 10.2Nepal GATS Com
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N T I S2010locations favourable for
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N T I S2010Barriers to Exports of H
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N T I S2010Institutional IssueThe s
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N T I S2010 Strengthening sub-natio
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N T I S2010Observations from enterp
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N T I S2010Nepal Ginger Producers a
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Page 253 and 254: N T I S2010The key principles inclu
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Page 272 and 273: N T I S2010NEPAL TRADE INTEGRATION
Page 274 and 275: N T I S2010MainOutcomes Recommended
Page 280: N T I S2010NEPAL TRADE INTEGRATION
Page 283 and 284: N T I S20102. GINGERStrengths Tradi
Page 285 and 286: N T I S20104. LENTILSStrengths High
Page 287 and 288: N T I S20105. TEAStrengths Very fav
Page 289 and 290: N T I S20106. INSTANT NOODLESStreng
Page 291 and 292: N T I S2010 Review, simplify, and i
Page 293 and 294: N T I S20109. SILVER JEWELRYStrengt
Page 295 and 296: N T I S201011. CHYANGRA PASHMINA PR
Page 297: N T I S201013. TOURISMStrengthsNatu
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Page 303 and 304: N T I S201019. HYDRO-ELECTRICITYStr
Page 306 and 307: Appendix 1Methodology for Export Po
Page 308 and 309: N T I S2010B. Data SourcesThe analy
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Page 312 and 313: N T I S2010Rank13) Tourism1 Germany
Page 314 and 315: Appendix 3Updated Legislative Actio
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Page 320 and 321: Appendix 5Malaysia GAP (Skim Amalam
Page 322 and 323: N T I S2010E. Document ControlQMS d
Page 324 and 325: Appendix 7Good Agricultural Practic
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