WELFARE of ANIMALS in FILM PRODUCTION - Queensland ...
WELFARE of ANIMALS in FILM PRODUCTION - Queensland ...
WELFARE of ANIMALS in FILM PRODUCTION - Queensland ...
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QUEENSLAND CODE OF PRACTICEfor the<strong>WELFARE</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ANIMALS</strong><strong>in</strong><strong>FILM</strong> <strong>PRODUCTION</strong>under theANIMAL CARE AND PROTECTION ACT 2001
GENERAL DISCLAIMERInformation conta<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> this publication is provided as general adviceonly. For application to specific circumstances, pr<strong>of</strong>essional adviceshould be sought.The <strong>Queensland</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Primary Industries and Fisheries hastaken all reasonable steps to ensure the <strong>in</strong>formation conta<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> thispublication is accurate at the time <strong>of</strong> publication. Readers shouldensure that they make appropriate enquiries to determ<strong>in</strong>e whether new<strong>in</strong>formation is available on the particular subject matter.© The State <strong>of</strong> <strong>Queensland</strong>, Department <strong>of</strong> Primary Industries andFisheries 2007Copyright protects this publication. Except for purposes permitted by theCopyright Act, reproduction by whatever means is prohibited without priorwritten permission <strong>of</strong> the Department <strong>of</strong> Primary Industries and Fisheries,<strong>Queensland</strong>.Page 2 May 2007
CONTENTS1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................... 52. PURPOSE OF THE <strong>FILM</strong> CODE ............................................. 83. SCOPE..................................................................................... 94. DEFINITIONS......................................................................... 115. PRINCIPLES .......................................................................... 136. ANIMAL CARE ....................................................................... 157. RESPONSIBILITIES .............................................................. 19PRODUCERS ............................................................................................................19ANIMAL TRAINERS....................................................................................................208. GUIDELINES FOR <strong>PRODUCTION</strong>........................................ 23ON SET ...................................................................................................................23OFF SET..................................................................................................................259. SPECIES SPECIFIC GUIDELINES ....................................... 26HORSES AND LIVESTOCK..........................................................................................26DOGS ......................................................................................................................27CATS.......................................................................................................................28BIRDS......................................................................................................................28FISH ........................................................................................................................29REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS ......................................................................................30APPENDIX A................................................................................ 31APPENDIX B................................................................................ 32Page 4 May 2007
1. INTRODUCTION1.1 The <strong>Queensland</strong> Government has a strong commitment to ensur<strong>in</strong>g thatanimals <strong>in</strong> <strong>Queensland</strong> are afforded standards <strong>of</strong> animal welfare thatachieve community acceptance, meet market requirements and<strong>in</strong>corporate sound scientific pr<strong>in</strong>ciples.1.2 The care and use <strong>of</strong> animals for enterta<strong>in</strong>ment purposes impacts onpublic perceptions <strong>of</strong> animal welfare and the <strong>in</strong>dustries that use them.1.3 Contemporary views on animal welfare are reflected <strong>in</strong> the way societytreats animals. Practices that may once have been deemed to beacceptable are now be<strong>in</strong>g questioned and changed as a result <strong>of</strong> ourimproved knowledge about animals and to better match communityattitudes and expectations.1.4 The pr<strong>in</strong>cipal legislation <strong>in</strong> <strong>Queensland</strong> safeguard<strong>in</strong>g the welfare <strong>of</strong>animals is the Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (the Act).1.5 The Act aims to:• promote the responsible care and use <strong>of</strong> animals;• provide standards for the care and use <strong>of</strong> animals that-(i) achieves a reasonable balance between the welfare <strong>of</strong>animals and the <strong>in</strong>terests <strong>of</strong> persons whose livelihood isdependant on animals; and(ii) allow for the effect <strong>of</strong> advancements <strong>in</strong> scientific knowledgeabout animal biology and changes <strong>in</strong> communityexpectations about practices <strong>in</strong>volv<strong>in</strong>g animals;• protect animals from unjustifiable, unnecessary or unreasonablepa<strong>in</strong>; and• ensure the use <strong>of</strong> animals for scientific purposes is accountable,open and responsible.1.6 Section 17 <strong>of</strong> the Act provides that a person <strong>in</strong> charge <strong>of</strong> an animal owesthat animal a duty <strong>of</strong> care and the person must not breach their duty <strong>of</strong>care to an animal. A person breaches the duty <strong>of</strong> care only if the persondoes not take reasonable steps to:• provide the animal’s needs for the follow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> a way that isappropriate-(i) food and water;(ii) accommodation or liv<strong>in</strong>g conditions for the animal;(iii) to display normal patterns <strong>of</strong> behaviour;(iv) the treatment <strong>of</strong> disease or <strong>in</strong>jury; or(v) ensure any handl<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> the animal by the person, or causedby the person, is appropriate.1.7 In decid<strong>in</strong>g what is appropriate, regard must be had to—• the species, environment and circumstances <strong>of</strong> the animal; andPage 5 May 2007
• the steps a reasonable person <strong>in</strong> the circumstances <strong>of</strong> the personwould reasonably be expected to have taken.1.8 Section 18 <strong>of</strong> the Act prohibits a person be<strong>in</strong>g cruel to an animal.Without limit<strong>in</strong>g what constitutes cruelty to an animal, a person is takento be cruel to an animal if the person does any <strong>of</strong> the follow<strong>in</strong>g to theanimal—• causes it pa<strong>in</strong> that, <strong>in</strong> the circumstances, is unjustifiable,unnecessary or unreasonable;• beats it so as to cause the animal pa<strong>in</strong>;• abuses, terrifies, torments or worries it;• overdrives, overrides or overworks it;• uses on the animal an electrical device prescribed under aregulation;• conf<strong>in</strong>es or transports it—(i) without appropriate preparation, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g, for example,appropriate food, rest, shelter or water; or(ii) when it is unfit for the conf<strong>in</strong>ement or transport; or(iii) <strong>in</strong> a way that is <strong>in</strong>appropriate for the animal’s welfare (egplac<strong>in</strong>g the animal, dur<strong>in</strong>g the conf<strong>in</strong>ement or transport, withtoo few or too many other animals or with a species <strong>of</strong> animalwith which it is <strong>in</strong>compatible or not provid<strong>in</strong>g the animal withappropriate spells; or(iv) <strong>in</strong> an unsuitable conta<strong>in</strong>er or vehicle;• kills it <strong>in</strong> a way that—(i) is <strong>in</strong>humane; or(ii) causes it not to die quickly; or(iii) causes it to die <strong>in</strong> unreasonable pa<strong>in</strong>;• unjustifiably, unnecessarily or unreasonably—(iv) <strong>in</strong>jures or wounds it; or(v) overcrowds or overloads it.1.9 The Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 also <strong>in</strong>troduces the concept<strong>of</strong> a person-<strong>in</strong>-charge. A person <strong>in</strong> charge is broadly def<strong>in</strong>ed as aperson who has control <strong>of</strong> an animal, regardless <strong>of</strong> whether the controlis temporary, permanent or whether the person is or is not the legalowner <strong>of</strong> the animal(s). An <strong>in</strong>dividual may even be regarded as aperson-<strong>in</strong>-charge if they employ or engage someone else to havecustody <strong>of</strong> the animal, and the custody is with<strong>in</strong> the scope <strong>of</strong> theemployment.1.10 If a person is the person <strong>in</strong> charge, then they owe a duty <strong>of</strong> care to thatanimal, as described <strong>in</strong> 1.6.Page 6 May 2007
1.11 In <strong>Queensland</strong>, the Nature Conservation Act 1992 governs the use <strong>of</strong>native animals. Generally, a person cannot take, keep or use aprotected animal unless authorised. Appropriate permits or licencesmust be obta<strong>in</strong>ed from the Environmental Protection Agency if filmproduction is to <strong>in</strong>volve native animals.1.12 In some <strong>in</strong>stances, a permit may be required under the Land Protection(Pest and Stock Route) Management Act 2002 to keep a declared pestanimal for the purposes <strong>of</strong> film production. A list <strong>of</strong> declared pests thatrequire permits are <strong>in</strong> Appendix B. The Department <strong>of</strong> NaturalResources, M<strong>in</strong>es and Water can be contacted for further <strong>in</strong>formationand permit applications.Page 7 May 2007
2. PURPOSE OF THE <strong>FILM</strong> CODE2.1 The Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for the Use <strong>of</strong> Animals <strong>in</strong> Film, Video andTelevision (the Film Code) is a voluntary code adopted under theAnimal Care and Protection Act 2001.2.2 The purpose <strong>of</strong> the Film Code is to provide guidel<strong>in</strong>es for the m<strong>in</strong>imumstandards <strong>of</strong> management and care <strong>of</strong> animals <strong>in</strong>tentionally used <strong>in</strong> theproduction <strong>of</strong> film footage (eg. <strong>in</strong> the film, video and television<strong>in</strong>dustries).2.3 This Film Code aims not only to prevent animal cruelty but also toensure that the treatment <strong>of</strong> animals <strong>in</strong> environments such as film setsmeet duty <strong>of</strong> care obligations under the Animal Care and Protection Act2001.2.4 Persons comply<strong>in</strong>g with this Film Code will be <strong>in</strong> a position todemonstrate that they have met their duty <strong>of</strong> care to an animal underthe Act, and therefore have a prima facie defence aga<strong>in</strong>st prosecutionproceed<strong>in</strong>gs for breach <strong>of</strong> duty <strong>of</strong> care or <strong>of</strong> cruelty under the Act.2.5 This Film Code recognises that a wide range <strong>of</strong> animals can be used <strong>in</strong>vary<strong>in</strong>g situations and locations for the purposes <strong>of</strong> film<strong>in</strong>g. Animalsmay be required to perform complex tasks, <strong>in</strong>teract with other animalsand people <strong>in</strong> situations that may cause stress and <strong>in</strong>jury. The FilmCode aims to ensure that the welfare <strong>of</strong> the animal is considered andassured, before, dur<strong>in</strong>g and after all phases <strong>of</strong> the film<strong>in</strong>g process.Page 8 May 2007
3. SCOPE3.1 This Film Code applies to the use <strong>of</strong> animals <strong>in</strong> association with theproduction <strong>of</strong> film regardless <strong>of</strong> its <strong>in</strong>tended use (eg. television, video,c<strong>in</strong>ema, and multimedia).3.2 This Code applies to all animals as def<strong>in</strong>ed under the Act;An animal is any <strong>of</strong> the follow<strong>in</strong>g—(a) a live member <strong>of</strong> a vertebrate animal taxon;Examples—• an amphibian• a bird• a fish• a mammal, other than a human be<strong>in</strong>g• a reptile.(b) a live pre-natal or pre-hatched creature as follows if it is <strong>in</strong> thelast half <strong>of</strong> gestation or development—(i) a mammalian or reptilian foetus;(ii) an avian, mammalian or reptilian pre-hatched young;(c) a live marsupial young;(d) a live <strong>in</strong>vertebrate creature <strong>of</strong> a species, or a stage <strong>of</strong> the lifecycle <strong>of</strong> a species, from the class Cephalopoda orMalacostraca prescribed under a regulation for this paragraph.3.3 To remove doubt, a human or human foetus is not an animal.3.4 ‘Animal’ under the Code <strong>in</strong>cludes native, exotic or <strong>in</strong>troduced specieswhether <strong>in</strong> a wild or domesticated state.3.5 This Code <strong>in</strong>tends to guide all persons who use and/or tra<strong>in</strong> animals forfilm, video or television, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g unscripted ‘reality’ televisionprograms. This extends to films produced for recreational oreducational purposes <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g features, documentaries, videos andadvertis<strong>in</strong>g commercials. It may also provide guidance for the use <strong>of</strong>animals <strong>in</strong> amateur film or home video production.3.6 The pr<strong>in</strong>ciples <strong>of</strong> this Code can also be applied to the use <strong>of</strong> animals <strong>in</strong>photography.3.7 This Code also provides guidance <strong>in</strong> regard to the transportation <strong>of</strong>animals <strong>in</strong> association with film production, and the hold<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> animalson film sets whether actively <strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong> the film<strong>in</strong>g process or not. Allanimals should be afforded m<strong>in</strong>imum standards <strong>of</strong> care and treatment,to satisfy the duty <strong>of</strong> care under the Act.Page 9 May 2007
3.8 Persons <strong>in</strong>tend<strong>in</strong>g to use animals for film production <strong>in</strong> <strong>Queensland</strong>should be familiar with all relevant codes <strong>of</strong> practice adopted by theAnimal Care and Protection Act 2001. They provide guidel<strong>in</strong>es onm<strong>in</strong>imum accepted standards for the species concerned. (SeeAppendix A).3.9 The m<strong>in</strong>imum standard <strong>of</strong> care can also be <strong>in</strong>formed by the Codes bythe National Consultative Committee on Animal Welfare (NCCAW),such as the <strong>Queensland</strong> Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Animals <strong>in</strong>Circuses3.10 This Code does not apply to the film<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> animals be<strong>in</strong>g used forscientific purposes, where an animal ethics committee has approvedthe use pursuant to s.91 <strong>of</strong> the Animal Care and Protection Act 2001.3.11 These guidel<strong>in</strong>es and responsibilities do not apply to persons whereanimals are not under their direct control, for example <strong>in</strong> documentaryfootage <strong>of</strong> animals <strong>in</strong> their natural environment.3.12 This Code extends to the care and protection <strong>of</strong> those animals used <strong>in</strong>association with film production, such as ‘companion animals’ (mothers<strong>of</strong> young animals).Page 10 May 2007
4. DEFINITIONS“Act” means the Animal Care and Protection Act 2001“animal” is as def<strong>in</strong>ed under s.11 <strong>of</strong> the Act.“animal handler” means a person who is competent to handle animals whichare to be used on the film set.“animal tra<strong>in</strong>er” means a person who has experience and is competent <strong>in</strong> themanagement, handl<strong>in</strong>g and tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> the types <strong>of</strong> animals to be used on afilm set.“code <strong>of</strong> practice” is a code <strong>of</strong> practice made under section 13(1) <strong>of</strong> theAnimal Care and Protection Act 2001“competent person” means a person with the skills necessary to accomplishthe required tasks and who has specific knowledge <strong>of</strong> the species.“compound” means a place where animals are housed <strong>of</strong>f the film set. Thiscan be <strong>of</strong> a permanent or temporary nature but satisfies the recommendedm<strong>in</strong>imum standards for the particular species.“duty <strong>of</strong> care” for a person <strong>in</strong> charge <strong>of</strong> an animal, means the duty imposedon the person under section17(1) <strong>of</strong> the Animal Care and Protection Act 2001.“film” <strong>in</strong>cludes video, digital and still photography“film set” means a place where film<strong>in</strong>g occurs and <strong>in</strong>cludes a place or placeswhere tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g and rehearsals <strong>in</strong> preparation for film<strong>in</strong>g are undertaken. It maybe <strong>in</strong> a studio or on location.“pa<strong>in</strong>” <strong>in</strong>cludes distress and mental suffer<strong>in</strong>g‘person” refers to an <strong>in</strong>dividual or a corporation as def<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> the ActsInterpretation Act 1954 (Qld)“person <strong>in</strong> charge” is def<strong>in</strong>ed under s.12 <strong>of</strong> the Act.“producer” means the person who has overall responsibility for theproduction <strong>of</strong> the film. Producer may <strong>in</strong>clude the person <strong>in</strong> charge <strong>of</strong> a filmproduction company.“safety <strong>of</strong>ficer” means the person who has overall responsibility forworkplace health and safety <strong>of</strong> people on the film set at all times.“stress” occurs when the animal’s mechanisms for cop<strong>in</strong>g are over extended.Signs <strong>of</strong> stress may be anxiety, elevated heart and respiratory rates,aggression, aversion, frustration, boredom and displacement behaviours.Page 11 May 2007
“squib” means a small firework burn<strong>in</strong>g with a hiss<strong>in</strong>g sound and usually witha f<strong>in</strong>al explosion.“suffer” means to experience stress or pa<strong>in</strong>“veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeon” means a person registered as a veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeonunder the <strong>Queensland</strong> Veter<strong>in</strong>ary Surgeons Act 1936 (Qld) and whose namerema<strong>in</strong>s upon the register <strong>of</strong> veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeons.“veter<strong>in</strong>ary science” means the science <strong>of</strong> veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgery or veter<strong>in</strong>arymedic<strong>in</strong>e, and <strong>in</strong>cludes the follow<strong>in</strong>g—(a) diagnos<strong>in</strong>g diseases <strong>in</strong>, and <strong>in</strong>juries to, animals, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g, for example,test<strong>in</strong>g animals for diagnostic purposes;(b) giv<strong>in</strong>g advice based on a diagnosis under paragraph (a);(c) medical or surgical treatment <strong>of</strong> animals;(d) perform<strong>in</strong>g surgical operations on animals;(e) adm<strong>in</strong>ister<strong>in</strong>g anaesthetics to animals;(f) sign<strong>in</strong>g or issu<strong>in</strong>g certificates relat<strong>in</strong>g to the description, health, diagnosisor treatment <strong>of</strong> animals.However, “veter<strong>in</strong>ary science” does not <strong>in</strong>clude an act done for animalhusbandry or animal dentistry prescribed under a regulation made under theVeter<strong>in</strong>ary Surgeons Act 1936 not to be veter<strong>in</strong>ary science.“welfare” <strong>of</strong> an animal is def<strong>in</strong>ed under the Act as issues about the health,safety or well be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> the animal.Page 12 May 2007
5. PRINCIPLESThere are a number <strong>of</strong> over arch<strong>in</strong>g “Key Pr<strong>in</strong>ciples” that apply to thekeep<strong>in</strong>g and use <strong>of</strong> animals for film production <strong>in</strong> <strong>Queensland</strong> under theAct.Key pr<strong>in</strong>ciples5.1 No animal must be endangered, degraded, abused, stalked, hunted,<strong>in</strong>jured or be exposed to risk <strong>of</strong> stress at a level higher than is normalfor that type <strong>of</strong> animal for the purposes <strong>of</strong> film production.5.2 Cruel treatment <strong>of</strong> an animal to achieve film or script outcomes isunacceptable and may be contrary to the Act, and could expose theperson responsible to prosecution for an <strong>of</strong>fence <strong>of</strong> cruelty under theAct.5.3 No animal must be treated cruelly to <strong>in</strong>duce it to perform. Animalsmust not be overworked or caused to suffer pa<strong>in</strong> for film production.5.4 The animal welfare standards contemplated under the Act apply to allanimals used <strong>in</strong> film production. Individuals responsible for the use <strong>of</strong>animals <strong>in</strong> film production have a duty to safeguard the animal’swelfare dur<strong>in</strong>g the production process.The follow<strong>in</strong>g “Guid<strong>in</strong>g Pr<strong>in</strong>ciples” more specifically apply to the useand scope <strong>of</strong> the Film CodeGuid<strong>in</strong>g Pr<strong>in</strong>ciples5.5 Persons responsible for the management <strong>of</strong> animals used for filmproduction have a duty to consider the care and protection <strong>of</strong> theanimals at all times. These obligations should take precedence over<strong>in</strong>dividual ga<strong>in</strong>, commercial <strong>in</strong>terests or the educational aspects <strong>of</strong> filmproduction.5.6 Film and video production techniques used should be assessed fortheir impact on the welfare <strong>of</strong> the animals concerned.5.7 Animals should not be used, or cont<strong>in</strong>ue to be used, aga<strong>in</strong>st the advice<strong>of</strong> the owner, animal tra<strong>in</strong>er or veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeon.5.8 Footage that <strong>in</strong>cites animal cruelty or depicts action contrary to the Actshould be avoided, where it is not part <strong>of</strong> a documentary or newsorientated production.5.9 The kill<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> animals for film footage should be avoided. If the kill<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong>animals cannot be avoided, such kill<strong>in</strong>g must be done <strong>in</strong> accordancewith the Act. For <strong>in</strong>stance, an animal must not be killed <strong>in</strong> a way that;• is <strong>in</strong>humane;• causes it not to die quickly; or• causes it to die <strong>in</strong> unreasonable pa<strong>in</strong>.Page 13 May 2007
5.10 It is an <strong>of</strong>fence under the Act to allow an animal to kill or <strong>in</strong>jure anotheranimal.5.11 Where dead animals are required to be shown <strong>in</strong> film, alternatives suchas animal actors or special effects should be considered.5.12 Animals should only be used <strong>in</strong> film production if they are healthy andfit for the purpose <strong>of</strong> the work, unless the film<strong>in</strong>g occurs for news,documentary, educational or scientific purposes. In the <strong>in</strong>stance thatthe film<strong>in</strong>g is conducted for scientific or educational purposes, it shouldbe ensured that the subject <strong>of</strong> the film<strong>in</strong>g has appropriate Animal EthicsApproval under the Act.5.13 Native wildlife or declared pest animals should not be used wheresuitable domesticated or tame animals are available. Protected wildlifeunder the Nature Conservation Act 1992 must not be taken from thewild for use <strong>in</strong> film production.5.14 Where native wildlife animals are used all relevant government permitsor licenses must be obta<strong>in</strong>ed. (eg. a license under the NatureConservation Act 1992 will be required if native wildlife are to be<strong>in</strong>volved).5.15 Where declared pest animals are used, a permit issued by theDepartment <strong>of</strong> Natural Resources, M<strong>in</strong>es and Water under the LandProtection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act 2002 is required.5.16 Where declared pest animals are used for film<strong>in</strong>g, appropriate adviceshould be sought from NR&M on whether these animals should bereturned to the wild after use <strong>in</strong> film production.5.17 Care must be taken to ensure animals are not stressed due to theunfamiliar surround<strong>in</strong>gs and noise associated with film<strong>in</strong>g. Animalsdisplay<strong>in</strong>g signs <strong>of</strong> stress should be removed to a familiar environmentas soon as practicable.5.18 The health <strong>of</strong> all animals should be carefully assessed by a veter<strong>in</strong>arysurgeon prior to be<strong>in</strong>g brought onto the set. When plann<strong>in</strong>g forproduction, consideration should be given to the fact that an animalmay require treatment for disease or a quarant<strong>in</strong>e period prior to be<strong>in</strong>gused on the set.Page 14 May 2007
6. ANIMAL CAREGeneral Pr<strong>in</strong>ciples6.1 Adequate and appropriate provision <strong>of</strong> the basic welfare needs <strong>of</strong> theanimal must be supplied at all times. This <strong>in</strong>cludes:• provid<strong>in</strong>g appropriate feed and water (for the age, nutritional state,species);• provid<strong>in</strong>g appropriate accommodation or liv<strong>in</strong>g conditions, on and<strong>of</strong>f set;• enabl<strong>in</strong>g the animal to display normal patterns <strong>of</strong> behaviour;• ensur<strong>in</strong>g the animal is treated for any disease or <strong>in</strong>jury;• ensur<strong>in</strong>g that the animal is handled <strong>in</strong> an appropriate manner.6.2 Failure to provide for the basic needs <strong>of</strong> an animal <strong>in</strong> l<strong>in</strong>e with 6.1 maybe a breach <strong>of</strong> duty <strong>of</strong> care under the Act. A breach <strong>of</strong> duty <strong>of</strong> care isan <strong>of</strong>fence, punishable by f<strong>in</strong>e or imprisonment.6.3 Only animals that are fit and healthy should be used for film<strong>in</strong>g. Injuredor sick animals must not be worked <strong>in</strong> a production. Any <strong>in</strong>jured or sickanimal must be withdrawn from further work and veter<strong>in</strong>ary advicesought.6.4 Animals should be <strong>in</strong>spected by the person <strong>in</strong> charge at least once aday to monitor their health and welfare. More frequent monitor<strong>in</strong>g maybe necessary if the animal is sick, stressed or there are otherexceptional circumstances.6.5 No animal should be deliberately put <strong>in</strong> a dangerous or stressfulsituation. Animals that have been tra<strong>in</strong>ed to work <strong>in</strong> stressful situationsshould be used where possible.6.6 Animals should not be handled or <strong>in</strong>teracted with if, <strong>in</strong> the op<strong>in</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> theanimal tra<strong>in</strong>er, it is not <strong>in</strong> the animal’s best <strong>in</strong>terest.6.7 All animals should be provided with the opportunity to exercise dur<strong>in</strong>gfilm<strong>in</strong>g, to an extent that is appropriate to the species. Conversely,animals should be afforded adequate rest dur<strong>in</strong>g and after filmproduction.6.8 Fresh water must be available at all times. Water troughs or bowlsshould be stable and large enough to hold sufficient quantity for theanimals’ needs. Troughs and bowls should be cleaned regularly andbe positioned to ensure water is clean, cool and fresh at all times.6.9 Care should be taken when us<strong>in</strong>g privately owned pet animals for filmproduction as they may or may not be socialised and tra<strong>in</strong>ed to <strong>in</strong>teractsafely with other animals. In the <strong>in</strong>stance that they are on set, it shouldbe ensured that they are healthy and not likely to cause distressamongst other animals.Page 15 May 2007
6.10 Animals should not be forced to perform longer than they are able to doso without show<strong>in</strong>g signs <strong>of</strong> stress or exhaustion. The provision <strong>of</strong>adequate rest periods is essential and the number <strong>of</strong> ‘takes’ should bem<strong>in</strong>imised.6.11 Normal requirements for sleep and rest should be provided <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>gnormal periods <strong>of</strong> light and darkness, familiar and appropriatesurround<strong>in</strong>gs and a secure area.6.12 Adequate precautions should be made to ensure the safety <strong>of</strong> animals,<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g safety from predators and necessary emergency evacuationmeasures.Enclosure6.13 Where animals are to be held or enclosed, the m<strong>in</strong>imum accepted cageor hold<strong>in</strong>g pen sizes as referenced <strong>in</strong> recognised codes <strong>of</strong> practice orother guidel<strong>in</strong>es appropriate to the species should be used. Where noguidel<strong>in</strong>es exist, advice should be sought from an expert <strong>in</strong> the care <strong>of</strong>the particular species.6.14 Care should be taken to ensure that animals do not escape from theset or film<strong>in</strong>g location. Adequate plans should be <strong>in</strong> place for the saferecapture <strong>of</strong> any escaped animal.6.15 The escape <strong>of</strong> any wildlife or declared pest animal should be notified tothe relevant authorities. The particulars <strong>of</strong> any escape <strong>of</strong> wildlife keptor used under a licence issued under the Nature Conservation Act1992 must be recorded <strong>in</strong> a record book required to be kept for thatlicence.Transport6.16 All animals must be transported safely, humanely and <strong>in</strong> accordancewith any applicable laws or animal welfare codes <strong>of</strong> practice (such asthe Land Transport <strong>of</strong> Cattle, Horses and Pig Codes)6.17 Unless otherwise stated <strong>in</strong> an animal welfare code <strong>of</strong> practice, allanimals should be transported between locations <strong>in</strong> the shortestpossible time, <strong>in</strong> a manner suitable for the species and with anyappropriate permits that may be required. They should not be left <strong>in</strong>vehicles and exposed to weather extremes (eg. high temperatures)unless adequate protection is afforded (eg. ventilation and shade).6.18 After travell<strong>in</strong>g all animals should have adequate time to rest <strong>in</strong> an areaaway from noise and disturbance and to become accustomed to theirnew location.Page 16 May 2007
Veter<strong>in</strong>ary Care6.19 Persons other than a veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeon;• registered <strong>in</strong> <strong>Queensland</strong> under the Veter<strong>in</strong>ary Surgeons Act 1936;• act<strong>in</strong>g under the Mutual Recogniton (<strong>Queensland</strong>) Act 1992; or• act<strong>in</strong>g under the Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition (<strong>Queensland</strong>)Act 2003are precluded from practis<strong>in</strong>g veter<strong>in</strong>ary science or medic<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong><strong>Queensland</strong>, pursuant to the Veter<strong>in</strong>ary Surgeons Act 1936.6.20 Film producers work<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>Queensland</strong> should seek advice from theVeter<strong>in</strong>ary Surgeons Board as to the eligibility to practice status <strong>of</strong><strong>in</strong>terstate or overseas veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeons that might need toadm<strong>in</strong>ister veter<strong>in</strong>ary science or medic<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong> <strong>Queensland</strong>.6.21 The person-<strong>in</strong>-charge <strong>of</strong> the animals should ensure that the animalsare subjected to a veter<strong>in</strong>ary <strong>in</strong>spection prior to commenc<strong>in</strong>g work.Animals may require treatment for disease or <strong>in</strong>jury, vacc<strong>in</strong>ation, orquarant<strong>in</strong>e for disease.6.22 Animals should be <strong>in</strong>spected for signs <strong>of</strong> stress or <strong>in</strong>jury at all stages <strong>of</strong>film<strong>in</strong>g, on and <strong>of</strong>f set. Animals display<strong>in</strong>g signs <strong>of</strong> stress should beremoved to a familiar environment as soon as practicable. If disease or<strong>in</strong>jury is detected or suspected, a veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeon should beconsulted immediately.6.23 All animals must be given prompt and proper treatment for illness and<strong>in</strong>juries. Animals that are lame, ill or <strong>in</strong>jured <strong>in</strong> any way should not beused for film<strong>in</strong>g until treated by a veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeon and givenapproval to work.6.24 It should be ensured that all animals receive rout<strong>in</strong>e veter<strong>in</strong>arytreatment program for preventable diseases and pests (ie. fleas, ticks,gastro<strong>in</strong>test<strong>in</strong>al worms and heartworm prevention).6.25 Animal tra<strong>in</strong>ers and other <strong>in</strong>dividuals responsible for the animals mayonly adm<strong>in</strong>ister first aid to an animal.6.26 Animal tra<strong>in</strong>ers and other <strong>in</strong>dividuals may adm<strong>in</strong>ister some veter<strong>in</strong>arytreatments under direction or supervision <strong>of</strong> a veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeon. Inthese <strong>in</strong>stances the provisions <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Queensland</strong> Government Health(Drugs and Poisons) Regulation 1996 adm<strong>in</strong>istered by <strong>Queensland</strong>Health must be complied with.6.27 Producers and animal tra<strong>in</strong>ers should ensure that the veter<strong>in</strong>arysurgeon employed is knowledgeable about the species <strong>of</strong> animalsbe<strong>in</strong>g used on the film set.Page 17 May 2007
6.28 Producers and animal tra<strong>in</strong>ers should be aware that, generally, theveter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeon:• is responsible for and should be fully prepared for situations thatrequire the emergency euthanasia or medical treatment <strong>of</strong> ananimal <strong>in</strong> the event <strong>of</strong> an <strong>in</strong>jury or sickness susta<strong>in</strong>ed on the filmset. Sick animals should be isolated from other animals on the setand preferably removed from the set at the earliest opportunity.• is responsible for provid<strong>in</strong>g specialist advice on the use, care,treatment and welfare <strong>of</strong> the animals, and for the provision <strong>of</strong> allmedication and equipment necessary for the treatment, preventionand spread <strong>of</strong> disease.• should liaise with the producer, animal tra<strong>in</strong>er and production crewregard<strong>in</strong>g the care and management <strong>of</strong> animals dur<strong>in</strong>g preparation,rehearsal and film<strong>in</strong>g.• should be present on the film set at all times dur<strong>in</strong>g rehearsal andfilm<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> scenes <strong>in</strong> which stunts or special effects create a risk <strong>of</strong><strong>in</strong>jury or stress to the animals <strong>in</strong>volved.6.29 The f<strong>in</strong>al decision as to an animals’ ability to start, cont<strong>in</strong>ue or f<strong>in</strong>ishfilm<strong>in</strong>g rests with the veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeon.Page 18 May 2007
7. RESPONSIBILITIES7.1 A formal agreement should be entered <strong>in</strong>to between the producer andthe person <strong>in</strong> charge <strong>of</strong> any animals to be used <strong>in</strong> the productionprocess regard<strong>in</strong>g the overall responsibility for the animal’s care andtreatment dur<strong>in</strong>g the production process.Producers7.2 Producers are responsible for ensur<strong>in</strong>g that all animals are suitable foruse <strong>in</strong> film production and are cared for appropriately dur<strong>in</strong>g all phases<strong>of</strong> the production stage. This responsibility is outl<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> the duty <strong>of</strong>care obligations <strong>of</strong> the Act (see part 1.6).7.3 The producer should be aware that they may be regarded as a person<strong>in</strong>-chargeunder the Act (see Part 1).7.4 The Producer:(a) is responsible for establish<strong>in</strong>g procedures for animal care andprotection;(b) is responsible for engag<strong>in</strong>g animal tra<strong>in</strong>ers for the supply,tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g, care and handl<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> animals on the film set;(c) should heed the advice <strong>of</strong> the animal tra<strong>in</strong>er or veter<strong>in</strong>arysurgeon <strong>in</strong> all matters relat<strong>in</strong>g to animal care, handl<strong>in</strong>g andmanagement:(d) should liaise with the animal tra<strong>in</strong>er or a veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeon toestablish whether special precautions are necessary tom<strong>in</strong>imise stress on the animals or their exposure to diseases.(e) should be available for consultation with the animal tra<strong>in</strong>ers atall times. Animals must not be allowed to suffer for any reason.(f) should consult with animal tra<strong>in</strong>ers, veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeons, oranother form <strong>of</strong> animal specialist dur<strong>in</strong>g the plann<strong>in</strong>g andproduction stage to obta<strong>in</strong> early advice on -(i) the ability and availability <strong>of</strong> animals to perform;(ii) the procedures to be adopted to protect the health andwelfare <strong>of</strong> animals be<strong>in</strong>g used from the time they areassembled, dur<strong>in</strong>g rehearsal and film<strong>in</strong>g through to theirdispersal; and(iii) any changes to the script that may have a bear<strong>in</strong>g on theability <strong>of</strong> animals to perform.(g) should provide animal tra<strong>in</strong>ers and veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeons with allrelevant details relat<strong>in</strong>g to the script, location and types <strong>of</strong> filmsets and any environmental conditions likely to beencountered.Page 19 May 2007
(h) may need to consult with more than one animal tra<strong>in</strong>er,veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeon, or other form <strong>of</strong> animal specialist wherespecialist knowledge is required. For example where film<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong>wildlife is proposed a wildlife biologist may need to beconsulted.(i) should ensure that any advice provided by the veter<strong>in</strong>arysurgeon and/or animal tra<strong>in</strong>er on the management, care andtreatment <strong>of</strong> animals is complied with.(j) are responsible for adequate arrangements for:(i) appropriate facilities for hold<strong>in</strong>g, restra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g andexam<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong> animals by veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeons;(ii) adequate tra<strong>in</strong>ed personnel to assist <strong>in</strong> the exam<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong>animals;(iii) transport and other arrangements for the evacuation <strong>of</strong>sick or <strong>in</strong>jured animals; and(iv) transport and other arrangements for the evacuation <strong>of</strong> allanimals <strong>in</strong> cases <strong>of</strong> emergency.(k) should ensure that no animals, other than those be<strong>in</strong>g filmed,that are likely to unduly stress the animals be<strong>in</strong>g used <strong>in</strong> filmproduction are allowed on the film set. This <strong>in</strong>cludes that thecontrol <strong>of</strong> pet animals on or near the set.(l) should ensure there are adequate numbers <strong>of</strong> competenttra<strong>in</strong>ers, veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeons and/or animal handlers availablewhere large numbers <strong>of</strong> animals are be<strong>in</strong>g used or wherefilm<strong>in</strong>g is be<strong>in</strong>g undertaken at differ<strong>in</strong>g locations concurrently7.5 It is recommended that producers engage animal tra<strong>in</strong>ers experienced<strong>in</strong> film production to manage all animals used <strong>in</strong> association with filmproduction. However, if producers choose to have private owners,<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g cast and crew, to provide animals, all aspects <strong>of</strong> this Codeshould still be observed.Animal Tra<strong>in</strong>ers7.6 Animal tra<strong>in</strong>ers must be aware that they may be regarded as theperson-<strong>in</strong>-charge <strong>of</strong> the animals under the Act (see part 1).Animal tra<strong>in</strong>ers must keep the producer, veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeon and filmcrew <strong>in</strong>formed about any on-go<strong>in</strong>g requirements for the care andmanagement <strong>of</strong> animals dur<strong>in</strong>g preparation, rehearsal and film<strong>in</strong>g. Inthe absence <strong>of</strong> an animal tra<strong>in</strong>er the follow<strong>in</strong>g responsibilities apply tothe relevant person <strong>in</strong> charge <strong>of</strong> the animals.Page 20 May 2007
7.7 The animal tra<strong>in</strong>er –(a) must not use tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g methods and equipment that <strong>in</strong>volve pa<strong>in</strong>and suffer<strong>in</strong>g. The animal tra<strong>in</strong>er is responsible forma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g any tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g and/or cu<strong>in</strong>g equipment <strong>in</strong> aserviceable order and for the safe and humane use <strong>of</strong> suchequipment.(b) must ensure that veter<strong>in</strong>ary treatment <strong>of</strong> sick and <strong>in</strong>juredanimals is provided.(c) should ensure that all necessary measures are taken tom<strong>in</strong>imise any stress to the animal <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g ensur<strong>in</strong>g allpersons on the set behave appropriately towards the animal.(d) should be knowledgeable about and be familiar with thespecies <strong>of</strong> animals to be used on the film set. In the absence<strong>of</strong> a veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeon, the animal tra<strong>in</strong>er should have thef<strong>in</strong>al decision as to an animals’ ability to start, cont<strong>in</strong>ue or f<strong>in</strong>ishfilm<strong>in</strong>g.(e) should ensure that all employees, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g actors, are familiarwith how to deal with the types <strong>of</strong> animals to be used on theset. Adequate pre-production acclimatization should be a prerequisitefor all actors to be able to become familiar with theanimals to be used.(f) is responsible for tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g and prepar<strong>in</strong>g the animals <strong>in</strong>advance to perform the required action on the film set.(g) should only use animals that are fit and healthy. Animaltra<strong>in</strong>ers and handlers should check the animals daily for <strong>in</strong>juryand/or illness. Any animal that becomes sick, <strong>in</strong>jured orstressed should be withdrawn immediately from rehearsal orfilm<strong>in</strong>g and treated appropriately. These animals should notresume work until a veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeon has assessed theircondition as satisfactory.(h) should ensure that animals under their control are affordedadequate safety from attack from other animals, that theycannot attack other animals or people and cannot escape.(i) should ensure that animals used are housed, transported andma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed accord<strong>in</strong>g to standards set out <strong>in</strong> recognisednational and/or state animal welfare codes <strong>of</strong> practice. Specialenvironmental conditions and facilities for shelter andprotection must be provided if required.(j) should remove animals that are susceptible to fright from theset or use animals that have been tra<strong>in</strong>ed to avoid be<strong>in</strong>gfrightened and must provide sufficient protection when specialeffects are likely to cause fear or <strong>in</strong>jury to animals.Page 21 May 2007
(k) should provide the producer with a report with<strong>in</strong> 24 hours <strong>of</strong>any <strong>in</strong>cident occurr<strong>in</strong>g which has an actual or potentialnegative impact on an animal’s welfare, detail<strong>in</strong>g the type <strong>of</strong><strong>in</strong>cident and the action taken to address or alleviate the<strong>in</strong>cident.(l) should ensure animals are exercised daily for appropriatelevels and durations where appropriate.(m) should have appropriate licences from relevant stategovernment authorities for keep<strong>in</strong>g and us<strong>in</strong>g native ordeclared pest animals.(n) should arrange for a veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeon to be present at alltimes on the set dur<strong>in</strong>g rehearsal and film<strong>in</strong>g when, because <strong>of</strong>the nature <strong>of</strong> the activities, there is an <strong>in</strong>herent risk thatanimals could be <strong>in</strong>jured or otherwise suffer ill effects dur<strong>in</strong>gfilm<strong>in</strong>g. Examples <strong>in</strong>clude races, chases, stampedes andagility tasks.(o) should, <strong>in</strong> conjunction with the safety <strong>of</strong>ficer, make regularchecks <strong>of</strong> the film set to identify and, where possible, removeor reduce hazards which could place animals, or personswork<strong>in</strong>g with the animals, <strong>in</strong> danger <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>jury. Such hazardscould <strong>in</strong>clude climatic conditions such as high w<strong>in</strong>ds, storms,or rough terra<strong>in</strong>.(p) should not leave the film set whilst rehearsal or film<strong>in</strong>g is <strong>in</strong>progress unless there has been an appropriate delegation <strong>of</strong>responsibility for the animals to another person.Page 22 May 2007
8. GUIDELINES FOR <strong>PRODUCTION</strong>On Set8.1 Animals be<strong>in</strong>g used <strong>in</strong> scenes should not be exposed to risk <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>jury,stress or death. For <strong>in</strong>stance:Animals should not be used <strong>in</strong> scenes <strong>in</strong> which they are <strong>in</strong>cited to fight.• Animals should not be exposed to excess noise or temperatureextremes (unless the animal is tolerant to such situations)• Animals should not be exposed to strong lights, especially whenfilm<strong>in</strong>g nocturnal animals.• Animals should not be forced to perform tasks for which they havenot been tra<strong>in</strong>ed, and the animal tra<strong>in</strong>er should be consulted at allstages <strong>of</strong> film<strong>in</strong>g.• Native wildlife should not be required to perform acts that theywould not perform <strong>in</strong> the wild, unless they are appropriatelydomesticated and tra<strong>in</strong>ed.• The onset area should be <strong>in</strong>spected for any objects that may causeharm to the animal ie. holes, equipment, stones etc.8.2 A veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeon should be present on the set when there is a riskfor animals to be <strong>in</strong>jured or otherwise suffer ill effects dur<strong>in</strong>g film<strong>in</strong>g. Allnon-essential personnel should be removed from the area whilstanimals are work<strong>in</strong>g. A veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeon should be on stand-by forscenes that do not <strong>in</strong>volve any such risks as identified <strong>in</strong> 8.1 aboveprovided they are available with<strong>in</strong> a reasonable timeframe to attend toany animal on the film set.8.3 Sufficient animal tra<strong>in</strong>ers and handlers to adequately control thenumber <strong>of</strong> animals and species should be present on set or location atall times.8.4 All husbandry practices associated with pa<strong>in</strong> and stress (eg, dehorn<strong>in</strong>g,beak trimm<strong>in</strong>g, hot-iron brand<strong>in</strong>g, ear tagg<strong>in</strong>g etc) should not be stagedor undertaken solely for the purpose <strong>of</strong> film<strong>in</strong>g. Where thesehusbandry practices are required, refer to the relevant Animal WelfareCodes <strong>of</strong> Practice (see Appendix A).8.5 Animals that are known to be pregnant should not be used for actionscenes. Pregnant animals may however be depicted <strong>in</strong> film productionthat do not <strong>in</strong>volve activities that are likely to adversely affect the healthand wellbe<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> the animal.8.6 Animal tra<strong>in</strong>ers or handlers should be used as ‘doubles’ for actors forthe handl<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> animals where there is <strong>in</strong>herent risk <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>jury or stress tothe animal. Animal tra<strong>in</strong>ers are better tra<strong>in</strong>ed to read the signs <strong>of</strong>stress and their advice and guidance is essential to the well-be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong>the animaPage 23 May 2007
Stunts and special effects8.7 In the <strong>in</strong>stance that stunts or special effects are to be utilised, thefollow<strong>in</strong>g pr<strong>in</strong>ciples should be observed;• If special effects are likely to cause fear <strong>in</strong> animals, the animalsshould be removed from the set, unless tra<strong>in</strong>ed for such situations;• Only those animals tra<strong>in</strong>ed for special effect or stunt work should beutilised for such sequences, whether the work is considereddangerous or not;• Animals should be protected from fire and smoke, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g carbondioxide and artificial smoke. If it is necessary to have animals <strong>in</strong>close proximity to such activities, the animal tra<strong>in</strong>er, handler orveter<strong>in</strong>arian should be consulted.• Pyrotechnics should never be used <strong>in</strong> such close proximity toanimals that could put them to flight and cause <strong>in</strong>jury to themselves.If it is necessary to have animals near pyrotechnics, cotton wool ornoise reduction devices should be applied to the animal’s ears.• Squibs should not be used so close as to frighten or endangeranimals.• The use <strong>of</strong> electric shocks to control or modify an animal’sbehaviour should be kept to a m<strong>in</strong>imum and <strong>in</strong>volve only batteryoperated devices. They must be used only by people who aresuitably tra<strong>in</strong>ed and <strong>in</strong> strict accordance with the manufacturer’srecommendations.Simulation <strong>of</strong> death or unconsciousness8.8 If it is deemed necessary to simulate death or unconsciousness <strong>in</strong> ananimal, the follow<strong>in</strong>g pr<strong>in</strong>ciples apply;• The use <strong>of</strong> drugs on animals to simulate death, unconsciousness orsleep should be undertaken only as a last resort and after all otheravenues <strong>of</strong> achiev<strong>in</strong>g the desired production outcome have beenexhausted. The use <strong>of</strong> these drugs must be approved by theproduction manager, the production company and the senior animaltra<strong>in</strong>er/handler. Drugs should be adm<strong>in</strong>istered by a registeredveter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeon.• All S4 classified drugs must be used only under strict veter<strong>in</strong>arysupervision and guidance. The use <strong>of</strong> S4 drugs by <strong>in</strong>appropriatepersons is an <strong>of</strong>fence under the Veter<strong>in</strong>ary Surgeons Act 1936. (sees 6.19).• Sufficient animals should be available to ensure that no animal isused to simulate death or a similar state more than once <strong>in</strong> any 24-hour period and then only on the recommendation <strong>of</strong> the veter<strong>in</strong>arysurgeon. A veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeon should be consulted to approve theuse <strong>of</strong> an animal more than once <strong>in</strong> this way.• Unconscious animals must be handled carefully to ensure no harmcomes to them. Only experienced persons should manageunconscious animals.Page 24 May 2007
Use <strong>of</strong> equipment and props8.9 In terms <strong>of</strong> the use <strong>of</strong> equipment and props <strong>in</strong> association with animalson set, the follow<strong>in</strong>g pr<strong>in</strong>ciples apply:• Film sets should be free <strong>of</strong> hazards, obstacles or environmentalconditions that may <strong>in</strong>jure animals.• All equipment associated with work<strong>in</strong>g animals should be <strong>in</strong> a safeand work<strong>in</strong>g condition. Equipment should be ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed andchecked by the animal tra<strong>in</strong>er and/or handler.• Any colours or dyes used on animals should be non-toxic andapproved by the tra<strong>in</strong>er and veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeon.• Tie-downs should not be used on animals not properly tra<strong>in</strong>ed towear them or if animals struggle or resist.• Action and breakaway props (such as spears, barbed wire fencesetc) should be made <strong>of</strong> safe materials such as sugar glass, balsawood or rubber. Where balsa wood is used attention should begiven to ensur<strong>in</strong>g all nails, spl<strong>in</strong>ters and wires are removed.Tempered glass or other glass should not be used.• Tripp<strong>in</strong>g devices, wires or pitfalls should not be used with anyanimal.• Sequences <strong>in</strong>volv<strong>in</strong>g free runn<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> animals such as cattle andhorses should be carefully planned. Sufficient experienced andskilled handlers should be available to ensure the safety <strong>of</strong> theanimals.• Action scenes should be staged to prevent animals be<strong>in</strong>goverworked. This can be accomplished by allow<strong>in</strong>g a sufficient restperiod between takes or by provid<strong>in</strong>g sufficient animals to be able torotate animals between takes.• When animals are work<strong>in</strong>g on a studio stage, non-skid mats shouldbe used <strong>in</strong> the area where the animals are work<strong>in</strong>g to avoidslippage and <strong>in</strong>jury.Off Set8.10 Risks for animals <strong>of</strong>f set (<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g those associated with leav<strong>in</strong>g andenter<strong>in</strong>g the set) should be identified and appropriate measures <strong>of</strong> riskmitigation undertaken to avoid or m<strong>in</strong>imise the risk <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>jury to theanimals.8.11 Stress aris<strong>in</strong>g from all <strong>of</strong>f set causes, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g restra<strong>in</strong>t or be<strong>in</strong>gconf<strong>in</strong>ed for long periods, should be avoided. Animals kept underconf<strong>in</strong>ed conditions should be able to exercise as appropriate for thespecies. Any conf<strong>in</strong>ed conditions should be compliant with those setout <strong>in</strong> relevant State Acts and/or accepted animal welfare codes <strong>of</strong>practice.Page 25 May 2007
9. SPECIES SPECIFIC GUIDELINES9.1 These additional guidel<strong>in</strong>es relat<strong>in</strong>g to particular species should beconsidered. There is a wide range <strong>of</strong> animal welfare codes <strong>of</strong> practicethat should be referenced <strong>in</strong> conjunction with this code. Refer toAppendix A for a list <strong>of</strong> potentially applicable codes.Horses and Livestock9.2 Cast, crew and any background extras required to ride horses on aproduction should have adequate skills and knowledge <strong>of</strong> horses andhave experience <strong>in</strong> rid<strong>in</strong>g horses to ensure the safety <strong>of</strong> the horses.9.3 Sufficient hous<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the form <strong>of</strong> stalls or barns should be available tohouse horses from different social groups separately. Hous<strong>in</strong>g shouldalso take <strong>in</strong>to consideration age, size, social group<strong>in</strong>g, male dom<strong>in</strong>anceetc.9.4 The requirements for feed, water and management practices toma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> the condition <strong>of</strong> the animal should be provided as outl<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong>the Primary Industries Stand<strong>in</strong>g Committee (PISC) specific codes <strong>of</strong>practice for horses and livestock. Consideration should also be givento the animals’ customary diet, chang<strong>in</strong>g climates and work<strong>in</strong>gconditions.9.5 There should be sufficient means available to gather horses after takes<strong>in</strong>volv<strong>in</strong>g large numbers <strong>of</strong> animals and flight scenes (eg. stampedes,herd<strong>in</strong>g operations, raids, charges, wagon crashes etc:9.6 In crash scenes <strong>in</strong>volv<strong>in</strong>g horses, equipment must be prepared so thathorses can run free before the crash.9.7 A sufficient number <strong>of</strong> back-up horses should be provided to allow foradequate rest periods for all horses.9.8 Care should be taken to prevent stampedes when mov<strong>in</strong>g largenumbers <strong>of</strong> animals.9.9 Specially tra<strong>in</strong>ed horses should be used for scenes <strong>in</strong>volv<strong>in</strong>g jump<strong>in</strong>g,rear<strong>in</strong>g, or fall<strong>in</strong>g, or any scenes <strong>in</strong>volv<strong>in</strong>g unusual action.9.10 The use <strong>of</strong> computer technology to simulate animals <strong>in</strong> fall scenes isrecommended.9.11 Where horses are required to fall, the area should be appropriatelyprepared to prevent <strong>in</strong>jury to the horse.9.12 Top rails used for jump<strong>in</strong>g should be made <strong>of</strong> breakaway material orscored balsa wood.9.13 Adequate numbers <strong>of</strong> animals should be used for hard pull<strong>in</strong>g.Mechanical aides should be used to assist <strong>in</strong> pull<strong>in</strong>g wagons and otherprops on steep ascents and <strong>in</strong> brak<strong>in</strong>g on steep descents.Page 26 May 2007
9.14 Horses and other livestock should be properly shod for the surfacebe<strong>in</strong>g used. If necessary skid or hock boots should be used <strong>in</strong> downhillslides or rodeo-slide stops.9.15 Only experienced riders on tra<strong>in</strong>ed and experienced horses shouldundertake:• slid<strong>in</strong>g or rid<strong>in</strong>g down steep sandbanks or earth slides,• saddle drags, or• horse jumps or falls <strong>in</strong>to water that exceed a 3 metre vertical drop.9.16 The use <strong>of</strong> animals where there is deep mud, deep sand and any loosewire must be avoided.9.17 Jerk<strong>in</strong>g or twist<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> horses’ mouths should not be permitted.9.18 The use <strong>of</strong> horses for other than production purposes (eg. forrecreational purposes) should not be allowed unless the animal tra<strong>in</strong>eror handler has given prior authority.9.19 Horses and livestock should be checked daily for <strong>in</strong>juries and illnessand more frequently dur<strong>in</strong>g film<strong>in</strong>g.9.20 At the end <strong>of</strong> each day horses used should be thoroughly <strong>in</strong>spected forsaddle sores, scald<strong>in</strong>g and girth galls.Dogs9.21 All dogs (pets, dogs brought by cast and crew, and dog actors) on set,should have been vacc<strong>in</strong>ated aga<strong>in</strong>st parvovirus, distemper, andhepatitis before com<strong>in</strong>g onto the set. The animal tra<strong>in</strong>er should obta<strong>in</strong>pro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> vacc<strong>in</strong>ation or the name and phone number <strong>of</strong> the veter<strong>in</strong>arysurgeon, which vacc<strong>in</strong>ated the dog.9.22 Scenes <strong>in</strong>volv<strong>in</strong>g either the birth <strong>of</strong> puppies or the use <strong>of</strong> puppies underthe age <strong>of</strong> twelve weeks should be carefully monitored to ensure thatno stress is imposed on the animals. Bitches that have previouslygiven birth should be used <strong>in</strong> preference where possible to maidenanimals to help limit stress factors.9.23 Unless the dog is part <strong>of</strong> the film<strong>in</strong>g it should be appropriately identified,wear a collar and be kept on a leash at all times except when it is be<strong>in</strong>gheld <strong>in</strong> a secure pen, fenced area, or crate.9.24 If a dog attacks, threatens, or bites any person or animal, it should beremoved immediately from the set and location.9.25 Bitches should not be used on the set if they are <strong>in</strong> heat.Page 27 May 2007
Cats9.26 All cats (pets, cats brought by extras, and cat actors) on set, shouldhave been vacc<strong>in</strong>ated as recommended by a veter<strong>in</strong>ary surgeon.9.27 Scenes <strong>in</strong>volv<strong>in</strong>g either the birth <strong>of</strong> kittens or the use <strong>of</strong> kittens underthe age <strong>of</strong> twelve weeks should be carefully monitored to ensure thatno further stress is imposed on the animals. Females that havepreviously given birth should be used <strong>in</strong> preference where possible tomaiden animals to help limit stress factors.9.28 It is recommended that entire male and female cats should not be usedat the same location, especially dur<strong>in</strong>g the breed<strong>in</strong>g cycle.9.29 When work<strong>in</strong>g with dogs, <strong>in</strong> addition to assur<strong>in</strong>g the safety <strong>of</strong> the cats,the cats must be tra<strong>in</strong>ed and prepared for work<strong>in</strong>g with dogs so that thework is not stressful.Birds9.30 No bird should be released after dark unless it is tra<strong>in</strong>ed to stay <strong>in</strong> alighted area, or the area is enclosed.9.31 No bird should be released, <strong>in</strong>doors or outdoors, unless it is tra<strong>in</strong>ed tobe retrieved or is otherwise safely retrievable. Unless otherwiseaccustomed to conf<strong>in</strong>ement, birds may <strong>in</strong>jure themselves whenreleased <strong>in</strong>doors by repeatedly fly<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to walls and ceil<strong>in</strong>gs.9.32 Birds, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g chickens, should only be stacked <strong>in</strong> conta<strong>in</strong>ers that donot permit birds to defecate on one another. Conta<strong>in</strong>ers should beconstructed <strong>of</strong> sufficient strength to prevent collapse and comply withthe m<strong>in</strong>imum standards under relevant State laws or codes <strong>of</strong> practice.9.33 When not <strong>in</strong> transportation or work, birds should be housed <strong>in</strong>conta<strong>in</strong>ers that permit each bird to perform normal movements andbehaviours. Guidel<strong>in</strong>es to adequate space requirements for birds kept<strong>in</strong> cages can be found <strong>in</strong>:• the National Consultative Committee on Animal Welfare (NCCAW)Guidel<strong>in</strong>es for the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Pet Birds• the Primary Industries Stand<strong>in</strong>g Committee (PISC) code <strong>of</strong> practicefor the Transport <strong>of</strong> Poultry.9.34 All native and exotic birds used for the purposes outl<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> this codemust have appropriate permits for their keep<strong>in</strong>g and use as requiredunder any native fauna legislation.Page 28 May 2007
Fish9.35 Except where film<strong>in</strong>g is for scientific, educational, documentary, newsor lifestyle type programs, fish<strong>in</strong>g scenes are best simulated with deadfish, animatronics, or methods other than us<strong>in</strong>g live fish.9.36 Legally caught fish should be either returned to the water quickly orhumanely destroyed. Bra<strong>in</strong> damage occurs with<strong>in</strong> a few m<strong>in</strong>utesthrough lack <strong>of</strong> oxygen if fish are left out <strong>of</strong> water.9.37 If live fish are used, an expert knowledgeable <strong>in</strong> the specific type <strong>of</strong> fishshould be present and should determ<strong>in</strong>e how to structure the scenewithout harm to the fish. Fish or other aquatic animals should not beharmed unnecessarily for film<strong>in</strong>g purposes.9.38 Fish and other aquatic animals should be ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> conta<strong>in</strong>ers ortanks suitable for their species, and should receive adequate andappropriate care, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g suitable water quality, aeration, temperatureregulation, and regular feed<strong>in</strong>g.9.39 Provision should be made for hous<strong>in</strong>g to m<strong>in</strong>imise hierarchicaldom<strong>in</strong>ance by larger fish and afford fish protection <strong>in</strong> the form <strong>of</strong>suitable retreats. Fish that ‘school’ need company <strong>of</strong> their own ratherthan solitary hous<strong>in</strong>g.9.40 When fish are acquired live for a scene and are later returned to theirplace <strong>of</strong> acquisition, receipts show<strong>in</strong>g both the acquisition and the safereturn should be reta<strong>in</strong>ed for any audit or <strong>in</strong>spection.9.41 Should a scene call for a fish to be out <strong>of</strong> water, consideration must begiven to the species that are most tolerant. A fish should not be out <strong>of</strong>water longer than 30 seconds. Fish should be rotated so that no fish isused more than one time <strong>in</strong> a row and no fish can be used more thanthree times <strong>in</strong> one day.9.42 Many fish require specific handl<strong>in</strong>g requirements. All fish have aprotective mucus layer over their body that acts as a defence aga<strong>in</strong>stfungal and bacterial <strong>in</strong>fections. Care should be taken when handl<strong>in</strong>gany fish as damage could result to this mucus layer. When handl<strong>in</strong>guse wet hands (or wet gloves) and the m<strong>in</strong>imum <strong>of</strong> handl<strong>in</strong>g to ensurethe least amount <strong>of</strong> damage and stress.9.43 All wild caught fish used for the purposes outl<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> this code musthave appropriate permits for their capture, hold<strong>in</strong>g and use as requiredunder any fisheries legislation. Some species <strong>of</strong> fish are protectedunder the Nature Conservation Act 1992.Page 29 May 2007
Reptiles and Amphibians9.44 No reptile or amphibian should be used on the set unless the tra<strong>in</strong>er isa licensed demonstrator or exhibitor.9.45 Special note should be taken on air and surface temperatures dur<strong>in</strong>gfilm<strong>in</strong>g, to ensure they are appropriate for the species be<strong>in</strong>g used.9.46 When us<strong>in</strong>g venomous or dangerous reptiles, the tra<strong>in</strong>er should ensureall safety measures are complied with to avoid envenemation <strong>of</strong>animals.9.47 Most animals have a natural fear <strong>of</strong> reptiles. In scenes us<strong>in</strong>g severaldifferent animals, it is recommended these animals become acqua<strong>in</strong>tedbefore film<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> a manner approved by an appropriate expert asm<strong>in</strong>imis<strong>in</strong>g stress to both parties.9.48 Most reptiles and amphibians are not accustomed to be<strong>in</strong>g handled, socare should be taken to m<strong>in</strong>imise contact with anyone other than thetra<strong>in</strong>er.9.49 Between scenes reptiles and amphibians should be returned to asuitable enclosure away from direct sunlight or excessive heat.Page 30 May 2007
APPENDIX AThese Model Codes are adopted under the Animal Care and Protection Act2001. They were prepared for the Primary Industries Stand<strong>in</strong>g Committee(PISC) and are endorsed by the Primary Industries M<strong>in</strong>isterial Council (PIMC).Copies <strong>of</strong> these PISC codes can be obta<strong>in</strong>ed from the CSIRO website athttp://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/22/sid/11.htm or by contact<strong>in</strong>g CSIROPublish<strong>in</strong>g, PO Box 1139, Coll<strong>in</strong>gwood, Victoria 3066.• Model Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Animals: Animals at Saleyards• Model Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Animals: Cattle (2nd Edition)• Model Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Animals: Domestic Poultry• Model Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Animals: Farmed Buffalo• Model Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Animals: Farm<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> Ostriches• Model Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Animals: Feral LivestockAnimals• Model Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Animals: Husbandry <strong>of</strong>Captive-Bred Emus• Model Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Animals: Intensive Husbandry<strong>of</strong> Rabbits• Model Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Animals: Land Transport <strong>of</strong>Cattle• Model Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Animals: Land Transport <strong>of</strong>Horses• Model Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Animals: Land Transport <strong>of</strong>Pigs• Model Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Animals: Land Transport <strong>of</strong>Poultry• Model Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Animals: Livestock atSlaughter<strong>in</strong>g Establishments• Model Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Animals: The Camel• Model Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Animals: Pigs• Model Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Animals: The Farm<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> Deer• Model Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Animals: The Goat• Model Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Animals: The Sheep• National Guidel<strong>in</strong>es for Beef Cattle Feedlots <strong>in</strong> AustraliaPage 31 May 2007
APPENDIX BThe follow<strong>in</strong>g animals are declared pests and require declared pest permitsunder the Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Regulation2003:PART 5—ZOO, OR <strong>FILM</strong> OR TELEVISION <strong>PRODUCTION</strong>Division 1—MammalsAardvark (Orycteropus Afer)Addax (Addax Nasomaculatus)Addra Gazelle (Gazella Dama)African Elephant (Loxodonta Africana)African Porcup<strong>in</strong>e (Hystrix Cristata)Agile Gibbon (Hylobates Agilis)American Black Bear (Ursus Americanus)Asian Elephant (Elephas Maximus)Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus Thibetanus)Baboon (Also Hamadryus Baboon Or Olive Baboon) (Papio Hamadryus)Barbary Sheep (Ammotragus Lervia)B<strong>in</strong>turong (Arcticis B<strong>in</strong>turong)Black And White-Ruffed Lemur (Varecia Variegata Variegata)Blackbuck Antelope (Antilope Cervicapra)Black-Capped Capuch<strong>in</strong> (Cebus Apella)Black Gibbon (Hylobates Concolor)Black Rh<strong>in</strong>oceros (Diceros Bicornis)Bolivian Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri Boliviensis)Bongo (Tragelaphus Eurycerus)Bonnet Macaque (Macaca Radiata)Bornean Gibbon (Hylobates Muelleri)Brazilian Agouti (Dasyprocta Lepor<strong>in</strong>a)Brazilian Tapir (Tapirus Terrestris)Brown Bear (Ursus Arctos)Caracal (Felis Caracal)Celebes Ape (Macaca Nigra)Chamois (Rupicapra Rupicapra)Cheetah (Ac<strong>in</strong>onyx Jubatus)Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes)Coati (Nasua Nasua)Common Eland (Taurotragus Oryx)Common Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus Amphibius)Common Marmoset (Callithrix Jacchus)Common Squirrel Monkey (Saimir Sciureus)Congo Buffalo (Syncerus Caffer)Cotton-Top Tamar<strong>in</strong> (Sagu<strong>in</strong>us Oedipus)Crab-Eat<strong>in</strong>g Macaque (Macaca Fascicularis)De Brazza’s Guenon (Cercopithecus Neglectus)D<strong>in</strong>go (Canis Familiaris D<strong>in</strong>go)Eastern Black And White Colobus (Colobus Guereza)Emperor Tamar<strong>in</strong> (Sagu<strong>in</strong>us Imperator)European Fox (Vulpes Vulpes)European Rabbit (Wild Breeds Only) (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)Page 32 May 2007
Feral Pig (Sus Scr<strong>of</strong>a)Ferret (Mustela Putorius)Fish<strong>in</strong>g Cat (Felis Viverr<strong>in</strong>as)Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga Tridactyla)Giraffe (Giraffa Camelopardalis)Goat, Other Than A Domestic Goat (Capra Hircus)Golden Lion-Tamar<strong>in</strong> (Leontopithecus Rosalia)Goodfellow’s Tree Kangaroo (Dendrolagus Goodfellow)Gorilla (Gorilla Gorilla)Grant’s Gazelle (Gazella Granti)Greater Kudu (Tragelaphus Strepsiceros)Green Agouti (Dasyprocta Azarae)Hairy Armadillo (Chaetophractus Villosus)Himalayan Tahr (Hemitragus Jemlahicus)Hoolock Gibbon (Hylobates Hoolock)Indian Crested Porcup<strong>in</strong>e (Hystrix Indica)Indian Rh<strong>in</strong>oceros (Rh<strong>in</strong>oceros Unicornis)Jaguar (Panthera Onca)Japanese Macaque (Macaca Fuscata)Kloss’s Gibbon (Hylobates Klossii)Lar Gibbon (Hylobates Lar)Leaf Monkey (Trachypithecus Spp.)Leopard (Panthera Pardus)Lion (Panthera Leo)Lion-Tail Macaque (Macaca Silenus)Lion Tamar<strong>in</strong> (Leontopithecus Spp.)Malayan Tapir (Tapirus Indicus)Mandrill (Mandrillus Sph<strong>in</strong>x)North American Otter (Lontra Canadensis)North American Porcup<strong>in</strong>e (Erethizon Dorsatum)Ocelot (Felis Pardalis)Onager (Equus Onager)Orang-Utan (Pongo Pygmaeus)Pig-Tailed Macaque (Macaca Nemestr<strong>in</strong>a)Polar Bear (Ursus Maritimus)Przewalski’s Horse (Equus Ferus Przewalskii)Puma (Felis Concolor)Pygmy Hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon Liberiensis)Pygmy Marmoset (Callithrix Pygmaea)Red-Handed Tamar<strong>in</strong> Or Golden-Handed Tamar<strong>in</strong> (Sagu<strong>in</strong>us Midas)Red Panda Or Lesser Panda (Ailurus Fulgens)Red-Ruffed Lemur (Varecia Variegata Rubra)Rhesus Macaque (Macaca Mulatta)R<strong>in</strong>g-Tailed Lemur (Lemur Catta)Sable Antelope (Hippotragus Niger)Scimitar Oryx (Oryx Dammah)Serval (Felis Serval)Siameng (Hylobates Syndactylus)Silvery Gibbon (Hylobates Moloch)Sitatunga (Tragelaphus Spekii)Small-Clawed Otter (Amblonyx C<strong>in</strong>ereus)Page 33 May 2007
Smooth-Coated Otter (Lutrogale Perspicillata)Snow Leopard (Uncia Uncia)Spider Monkey (Ateles Spp.)Stump-Tailed Macaque (Macaca Arctoides)Sulawesi Crested Macaque (Macaca Nigra Nigra)Sun Bear (Helarctos Malayanus)Tiger (Panthera Tigris)Two-Toed Sloth Or H<strong>of</strong>fman’s Sloth (Choloepus H<strong>of</strong>fmanni)Waterbuck (Kobus Ellipsipyrmnus)White-Cheeked Gibbon (Hylobates Leucogenys)White-Fronted Capuch<strong>in</strong> (Cebus Albifrons)White Rh<strong>in</strong>oceros (Ceratotherium Simum)Zebra (Equus burchellii).Division 2—ReptilesAldabra Tortoise And Aldabra Giant Tortoise (Aldabrachelys Elephant<strong>in</strong>a)Alligator Snapp<strong>in</strong>g Turtle (Macroclemys Temm<strong>in</strong>ckii)American Alligator (Alligator Mississippiensis)Asian Box Turtle (Siebenrockiella Crasscicollis)Banded Fijian Iguana (Brachylophus Fasciatus)Boa Constrictor (Boa Constrictor)Burmese Or Indian Python (Python Molurus)Common Box Turtle (Terrapene Carol<strong>in</strong>a)Common Cooter Or Florida Slider (Pseudemys Floridana)Common Map Turtle (Graptemys Geographica)Common Mud Turtle (K<strong>in</strong>osternon Subrubrum)Common Or Green Iguana (Iguana Iguana)Common Or Yellow-Bellied Slider (Trachemys Scripta)Common Snapp<strong>in</strong>g Turtle (Chelydra Serpent<strong>in</strong>a)Corn Snake Or Red Rat-Snake (Elaphe Guttata)Crested Fijian Iguana (Brachylophus Vitiensis)Emerald Or Green Lizard (Lacerta Viridis)Emerald Tree-Boa (Corallus Can<strong>in</strong>us)Florida S<strong>of</strong>tshell Turtle (Apalone Ferox)Galapagos Tortoise (Geochelone Nigra)Giant-Plated Lizard (Gerrhosaurus Validus)Jackson’s Chameleon (Chamaeleo Jacksonii)Jewelled Or Ocellated Lizard (Lacerta Lepida)Komodo Dragon (Varanus Komodoensis)Loggerhead Musk-Turtle Or Musk Turtle (Sternotherus M<strong>in</strong>or)Madagascar Gekko (Phelsuma Madagascariensis)Malayan Box Turtle (Cuora Ambo<strong>in</strong>ensis)Mata Mata (Chelus Fimbriatus)Mexican Musk Turtle Or Mexican Mud-Turtle (Staurotypus Triporcatus)New Gu<strong>in</strong>ea Crocodile (Crocodylus Novaegu<strong>in</strong>eae)Nile Monitor (Varanus Niloticus)Pa<strong>in</strong>ted Turtle (Chrysemys Picta)Philipp<strong>in</strong>e Water Lizard Or Sail-F<strong>in</strong> Lizard (Hydrosaurus Pustulatus)Radiated Tortoise (Geochelone Radiata)Ra<strong>in</strong>bow Boa (Epicrates Cenchria)Reticulated Python (Python Reticulatus)Page 34 May 2007
Rh<strong>in</strong>oceros Iguana (Cyclura Cornuta)Solomon Island Tree Sk<strong>in</strong>k (Corucia Zebrata)Sp<strong>in</strong>y Turtle Or Sp<strong>in</strong>y Terrap<strong>in</strong> (Heosemys Sp<strong>in</strong>osa)Spotted Turtle (Clemmys Guttata)Spur-Thighed Tortoise (Testudo Graeca)Tokay (Gekko Gecko)Yellow Anaconda (Eunectes Notaeus)Yellow-Marg<strong>in</strong>ed Box Turtle (Cistoclemmys Flavomarg<strong>in</strong>ata)Yellow Mud Turtle (K<strong>in</strong>osternon Flavescens).Division 3—AmphibiansAfrican bullfrog (Pyxicephalus adspersus)Dye<strong>in</strong>g poison-arrow frog (Dendrobates t<strong>in</strong>ctorius).Page 35 May 2007