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44User Guide for Thresholds and ClassificationsThe approach used to specify the threshold was required because the regulation-making powers in theHSNO Act differentiate between the substance and the controls applied to it. When the above specificationof aerosol is combined with the controls on flammable aerosols and the requirements for packages, theresult is equivalent to the approach taken by the UN, European Community, and International Civil AviationOrganisation.ReferencesASTM 1988. Determining Limits of Flammability of Chemicals at Elevated Temperature and Pressure,Standard E918-83: 1988. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.British Standards 1989. Code of Practice for Selection, Installation and Maintenance of Electrical Apparatusfor Use in Potentially Explosive Atmospheres (Other than in Mining Applications or Explosives Processingand Manufacture), BS 5345 Part 1: 1989. British Standards, London.Burgess, DS, Furno, AL, Kutch, JM, Mura, KE 1982. Flammability of Mixed Gases, report of investigation8709. Bureau of Mines, United States Department of the Interior, Washington DC.Coward, HF, Jones, GW 1952. Limits of flammability of gases and vapours. US Bureau of Mines Bulletin503.EC 1975. Aerosols Dispensers Directive, Directive 75/324/EEC. European Commission, Brussels.ICAO 2006. Technical Instructions for Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, 2007–08 edition.International Civil Aviation Organization.ISO 1996. Gases and Gas Mixtures: Determination of Fire Potential and Oxidising Ability for the Selection ofCylinder Valve Outlets, ISO 10156:1996. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva.United Nations 1999. Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Model Regulations, 11threvised edition. United Nations, New York and Geneva. (Note: Equivalent material can be found in morerecent versions of this document, for example, the 15th revised edition. Some material is available forpurchasing and downloading from http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/danger.htm.)Zabetakis, MG 1965. Flammability characteristics of combustible gases and vapours. US Bureau of MinesBulletin 627.January 2012 EPA0109
45User Guide for Thresholds and Classifications5. Flammable Liquids and Liquid Desensitised Explosives –Subclasses 3.1 and 3.25.1. Flammable liquids – subclass 3.1Subclass 3.1 is equivalent to class 3 of the UN Model Regulations (United Nations, 1999b).Key terms are defined in section 3.2 in chapter 3.5.1.1. Threshold criteria for flammable liquidsAny liquid that gives off a vapour that ignites at a temperature of less than or equal to 93°C in a closed cupflashpoint test is considered to be a flammable substance within the meaning of the Hazardous Substancesand New Organisms Act 1996 (HSNO Act).ExamplesXylene has a flashpoint of 28°C, so is a flammable liquid.Ethylene glycol has a flashpoint of 111°C, so is not classified as a flammable liquid.5.1.2. Classification of flammable liquidsThe classification category for flammable liquids is determined in accordance with the following criteria.Category A (very high hazard) – classification 3.1A (equivalent to United Nations Packing Group (UNPG) I)Any liquid that gives off a flammable vapour that ignites in a closed cup flashpoint test at a temperatureless than 23°C, and has an initial boiling point (IBP) of less than or equal to 35°C.Category B (high hazard) – classification 3.1B (equivalent to UN PG II)Any liquid that gives off a flammable vapour that ignites in a closed cup flashpoint test at a temperatureless than 23°C, but has an initial boiling point (IBP) greater than 35°C.Category C (medium hazard) – classification 3.1C (equivalent to UN PG III)Any liquid that gives off a flammable vapour that ignites in a closed cup flashpoint test at a temperaturegreater than or equal to 23°C, but less than or equal to 60°C.Category D (low hazard) – classification 3.1DAny liquid that gives off a flammable vapour that ignites in a closed cup flashpoint test at a temperaturegreater than 60°C but less than or equal to 93°C.5.1.3. DiscussionThese classification categories are equivalent to the recommendations from the United Nations Committeeof Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UNCETDG), noting that category D is as proposed by theUNCETDG subcommittee advising the Inter-Organisation Programme on the Sound Management ofChemicals (IOMC) on flammability.January 2012 EPA0109
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