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386User Guide for Thresholds and Classificationssoluble forms. A sparingly soluble metal compound can be considered as one for which a solubilityproduct can be calculated, and which will yield small amount of the available form by dissolution.However, it should be recognised that the final solution concentration may be influenced by a number offactors, including the solubility product of some metal compounds precipitated during thetransformation/dissolution test, for example, aluminium hydroxide.ReferencesOECD 2001. Guidance Document on Transformation/Dissolution of Metals and Metal Compounds inAqueous Media, Series on Testing and Assessment No. 29. Organisation for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment, Paris. http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2001doc.nsf/LinkTo/env-jm-mono(2001)9 Retrieved 13October 2007.January 2012 EPA0109
387User Guide for Thresholds and Classifications20. Soil Ecotoxicity – Subclass 9.220.1. Basic elements and general considerationsThe basic elements to consider in determining hazard classification under the Hazardous Substances andNew Organisms Act 1996 (HSNO Act) for effects on the soil environment are:acute toxicity to soil-dwelling organisms; anddegradation of the substance in soil.While data from internationally harmonised test methods are preferred, in practice, data from nationalmethods may also be used where they are considered equivalent. In general, test data are to be derivedusing Test Guidelines from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) orequivalent according to the principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). Where such data are notavailable, classification should be based on the best available data.See section 18.6 in chapter 18 for definitions of the key terms used in this chapter.See section 1.3 in chapter 1 for information about assessing data quality.See Appendix 20A for a detailed list of acceptable test methods.20.1.1. Acute toxicity to soil organismsThe toxicity of substances to soil-dwelling organisms is assessed by mixing the test substance in soil. Somestandard international guidelines use aqueous solutions as the exposure medium or foliar application. Theresults from these tests are generally not applicable for assessment against the HSNO Act classificationcriteria.The usual acute tests for effects on soil organisms used for HSNO Act classification are:14-day EC 50 for earthworms (OECD 207 or equivalent);14-day EC 50 for terrestrial plants (OECD 208 or equivalent) when soil is used as the exposure medium;and28-day EC 25 for soil microbial function (for example, OECD 216 nitrogen transformation and OECD 217carbon transformation).The lowest value from these tests, with the results expressed in terms of milligrams of substance perkilogram of dry weight of soil is used to classify the substance. Acute toxicity tests on other soil-dwellingorganisms may be used if conducted according to international guidelines. See chapter 18 when judgementsare required on the weight-of-evidence approach to the selection of the most sensitive species and highestquality studies.Results from chronic studies are not used for classification purposes but are used for risk assessment.MetalsThe assessment of the toxicity of metals and metal compounds to soil organisms is complicated by theinteractions of the metal with the soil matrix.January 2012 EPA0109
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