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230User Guide for Thresholds and ClassificationsAppendix 15B: Comparison of Globally Harmonized System ofClassification and Labelling of Chemicals and HSNO Actcarcinogenicity hazard classificationTable 15B.1 displays the carcinogenicity categories from the Globally Harmonized System of Classificationand Labelling of Chemicals (United Nations, 2007) and the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act1996 (HSNO Act) equivalent.Table 15B.1: Comparison of Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals and HSNOAct carcinogenicity hazard classificationGHS carcinogenicity classificationCategory 1: Known or presumed human carcinogensThe placing of a chemical in category 1 is done on the basis of epidemiological and/or animaldata. An individual chemical may be further distinguished.Category 1A: Known to have carcinogenic potential for humans; the placing of a chemical islargely based on human evidence.Category 1B: Presumed to have carcinogenic potential for humans; the placing of a chemicalis largely based on animal evidence.HSNO Actequivalentcategory*Based on the strength of evidence together with additional considerations, such evidence may bederived from human studies that establish a causal relationship between human exposure to achemical and the development of cancer (known human carcinogen).6.7AAlternatively, evidence may be derived from animal experiments for which there is sufficientevidence to demonstrate animal carcinogenicity (presumed human carcinogen).In addition, on a case-by-case basis, scientific judgement may warrant a decision of presumedhuman carcinogenicity derived from studies showing limited evidence of carcinogenicity inhumans together with limited evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals.†Classification: Category 1 (A and B) carcinogen.Category 2: Suspected human carcinogensThe placing of a chemical in category 2 is done on the basis of evidence obtained from humanand/or animal studies, but which is not sufficiently convincing to place the chemical in category 1.Based on the strength of evidence together with additional considerations, such evidence may befrom limited evidence of carcinogenicity in human studies or from limited evidence ofcarcinogenicity in animal studies.6.7BClassification: Category 2 carcinogenNotes* The GHS (United Nations, 2007) proposes a distinction between known (class 1A) and presumed (class 1B)human carcinogens. The HSNO Act classification system groups these two subclasses under the same category(6.7A).January 2012 EPA0109
231User Guide for Thresholds and Classifications† The GHS (United Nations, 2007) wording differs from that in the regulations made under the HSNO Act in thatit assigns classification in this category on a case-by-case basis where expert judgement considers there is limitedevidence of carcinogenicity in humans together with limited evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals.The wording in the HSNO Act regulations separates these two data sources. The GHS wording, based on expertjudgement of these two data sources together, will result in a category 6.7A classification. If they occur separately,then the classification is category 6.7B.ReferencesUnited Nations 2007. The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS),2nd revised edition. United Nations, Geneva.January 2012 EPA0109
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