Magnetron sputtering of Superconducting Multilayer Nb3Sn Thin Film

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Chapter 1 An Introduction of superconductor cavity1.1 The necessary of superconductor RF acceleratorThe particle accelerator is a very important instrument. It can be used in theindustry, agriculture, hospital, energy sources, science, and so on. It is first used forthe science and the most advanced accelerator is still used for.In the industry, the accelerator is used for ion implantation for semiconductor,surface modification and so on. In the hospital, the accelerator is used for radiationtherapy, radioactive isotope production, and so on. In the energy sources field, theaccelerator is used in the Accelerator-driven sub-critical reactor system (ADS), theAccelerator Transmutation of Waste (ATW), the Accelerator Production of Tritium(APT), and so on. The ADS means that a sub-critical reactor driven by the neutron canproduce energy. The neutron is first produced by target injected with the proton beamaccelerated by an accelerator, and can be controlled by the amount of the protoninjected. Because the reactor is sub-critical, it is more safe than the traditional. TheATW and the APT have some similar with the ADS that they all produce the neutronby the proton beam of the accelerator first. The ATW use the neutron to transmute thehigh radioactive waste produced by the reactor into low radioactive waste. The APTuses the reaction between the neutron and the Helium-3 to produce the Tritium.In the science field, the scientist has infinite interest in the mysterious universe.From 400 years ago, Galileo used the telescope to research the macro-universe. Up tonow, we use the Hubble and the LIGO. In the other side, the scientist has the greatinterest in the micro-universe. The scientist used the microscope to research themicro-universe also from about 400 years ago. Only form about 90 years ago, thescientist invented the particle accelerator and can deep the research field to the atom.After that, the particle accelerator was developed very quickly to obtain the higherand higher energy of the particle. Up to now, the LHC which can accelerate the protonup to 7 TeV had been built.At the beginning, the particle was accelerated by the electrostatic field. Theparticle energy is from several KeV to several MeV. But there is a limitation of theenergy of the particle accelerated by the electrostatic field. It is impossible to obtainmore than 20 MeV. However, the scientist invented the acceleration method by radiofrequency (RF). After that, the accelerator energy grows rapidly.2
Fig. 1.1 Disc-loaded traveling-wave accelerator structureFig. 1.2 standing-wave elliptic cavity accelerator structureTo accelerate the particle, the RF field should be confined in a cavity. For theelectron beam, there are two kinds of accelerator structure which include standingwave structure and traveling wave structure. For the heavy ion beam, only thestanding wave structure can be used, but there are many kinds of structure type, suchas radio frequency quadruple (RFQ), drift tube linac (DTL), quarter wave resonators(QWR), half wave resonators (HWR), spoke resonator, elliptic cavity, and so on.In the accelerator cavity, the energy of the RF field not only transfers to theparticle, but also consumes on the wall of the cavity. For the high gradient normalconductor cavity, most of RF energy consumes on the wall. In order to improve thetransfer efficient of the RF energy, the superconductor is taken into account. Almostall of the RF energy transfer to the particle by the superconductor cavity.For the heavy ion, we can use a circular accelerator to obtain the high energy. Inthe circular accelerator, the particle can be accelerated many times by the same cavitywhen it runs along the circle in order to reduce the length of the accelerator and thenumber of the accelerator cavity. However, for the electron when its energy is higherthan 200GeV, it can not be accelerated in the circular accelerator, because the electronwill emit synchrotron photon and loss lots of energy when it bends in the circularaccelerator. In consequence, the cost of circular accelerator is higher than that of thelinear accelerator. So, only the linear accelerator is suitable for obtaining the energy of3
Page 1: UNIVERSITÀ DEGLISTUDI DI PADOVAFac
Page 7 and 8: IndexINDEX ........................
Page 9: IntroductionThe superconductor acce
Page 13 and 14: In Type-II superconductors, vortex
Page 15 and 16: needed for preventing the supercond
Page 17 and 18: The B1 crystal structure has a cubi
Page 19 and 20: NbN cavities literature, is often h
Page 21 and 22: superconducting magnet construction
Page 23 and 24: 775°C. From the same diagram, it i
Page 25 and 26: two types of electrons at the Fermi
Page 27 and 28: Of course, there are some other kin
Page 29 and 30: as shown in Fig.2.3. The four opera
Page 31 and 32: Fig.2.8 turbomolecular pumpFig. 2.9
Page 33 and 34: Fig. 2.14 The chamber covered with
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 2.17 the gasket and the magnet
Page 37 and 38: shown in Fig. 2.21 and Fig. 2.22. T
Page 39 and 40: Fig. 2.26 The interface of the surf
Page 41 and 42: Fig. 2.30 put the sample into the T
Page 43 and 44: Fig. 2.34 the performance of the th
Page 45 and 46: 1008038.5°{110}69.6°{211}sample1s
Page 47 and 48: 2dsinθ= nλ (2.3)Fig.2.44 the diff
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 3 Multilayer deposition of
Page 51 and 52: 1 minute. The time of depositing mu
Page 53 and 54: chamber 1 and is connected to the s
Page 55 and 56: 3.2.2.2 Analysis resultⅠ The thic
Page 57 and 58: In order to detect the component of
Page 59 and 60: measure the RRR. So the resistance
Page 61 and 62:
110100903480relative Intensity70605
Page 63 and 64:
frequency of the cavity which is in
Page 65 and 66:
Fig. 3.28 the inductor coilDuring t
Page 67 and 68:
Fig. 3.32 fixing the sample with Nb
Page 69 and 70:
second transition temperature is th
Page 71 and 72:
source is the bulk Nb sample. Altho
Page 73 and 74:
of 1A in the Fig. 3.37 and Fig. 3.4
Page 75 and 76:
Table 3.10 the description of the p
Page 77 and 78:
1101001.0A10'-IND3 45 6 7 9 1011 12
Page 79 and 80:
1101009080341.8A10'INDrelative inte
Page 81 and 82:
Reference1. A. Godeke, Nb3Sn FOR RA
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Magnetron sputtering of Superconducting Multilayer Nb3Sn Thin Film

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