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Local systems 567Streamline oversinkNote:For cistern tank supplyminimum head must be 4m (13ft)measured from the outlet to thebottom of the supply tank.Flow Servicerestrictor valve(If used)Cold feed to heaterfrom mains orcistern tankStreamline undersinkOpen outlethot tapCold watertapHot supply from heater/vent to atmosphereCold feedto heaterFlowrestrictor(If used)Work surfaceSeal dividinginlet and outletchambersServicevalveCold feed toheaderfrom mains(a)112(b)½” BSP(backnut& washersupplied)Compressionfittings15mm O/D pipe½”BSP120 13811121563Figure 20.4 (a) Swivel spout and combined cold inlet/hot outlet detail (Heatrae Sadia); (b) Combined coldinlet/hot outlet tap (Heatrae Sadia)
568 Hot water supply systemswhich is the point of control, discharge of hot water being by displacement as the coldsupply is admitted. The storage is always open to atmosphere, normally via a swivelspout, and, as the contents expand on heating, a drip may occur at the outlet. Toovercome the inconvenience of a swivel arm, the outlet may be piped to a specialcombined cold water inlet hot outlet tap as Figures 20.4(a) and (b).Over the recent years followingthe modification of the water bye laws the use of mainsfed unventilated water heaters have become popular. For local multi-point use, up to 3outlets, an electric storage heater of 10±15 litres capacity can be chosen.These units adopt the option of two methods to accommodate hot water expansion asshown in Figure 20.5. Option 1 is to allow the expanded heated water to reverse flow upthe cold feed supply pipe. Providingthat the nearest cold water draw off on the coldsupply pipe is a minimum of 2.8 m, for 10 litres storage capacity, and 4.2 m for 15 litrestorage capacity distance away from the heater.Option 2 is for the storage heater's cold feed supply adjacent to the heater to be fittedwith safety fittings incorporating a suitable sized expansion vessel, check valve, pressurerelief and a combined pressure and temperature relief valve on the heater.For multi-point local use, as might arise in each of a number of dispersed toilets in anoffice building, both gas fired and electrical storage heaters are available, on-peak and offpeakin the latter case. Packaged gas fired units are, in effect, cylinders incorporating astainless steel heat exchanger, direct fired as shown in Figure 20.6, and are insulated andcased in sheet metal. Such heaters come with various storage capacity and heat input andhave a typical water capacity of about 80 litres and a heat input of 8 kW: the products ofcombustion must be discharged to outside via a conventional or balanced flue arrangement.Diagram 1For inlet water pressure up to 4.1 bar (60 psi)Factory-fittedtemperature andpressure relief valveHot ColdTo drain (waste)Nearest colddraw-offCold water mainsService valve(fixed jumper or1/4 turn ball type)Multipoint10 litreor 1.5 litreheater2.8(10 l) or 4.2(15 l) metresis required for expansionin pipeworkDiagram 2For inlet water pressure up to 4.1 bar (60 psi) whereexpansion down the mains is not possibleFactory-fittedPressureNearest coldrelief Expansiontemperature and (expansion) vessel draw-offvaluepressure relief valveCheckHot ColdValveService valveT pieceCold water mainsMultipoint10 Litreor 1.5 litreheaterTo drain(waste)To drain(waste)Figure 20.5 Hot water expansion detail 10±15 litre heaters (Heatrae Sadia)
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Faber and Kell's Heating andAir-con
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Faber and Kell's Heating andAir-con
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viiiContentsOther systems 396Altern
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xiiPreface to the ninth editionadvi
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2 FundamentalsBefore any part of th
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4 FundamentalsSpecific heat capacit
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6 Fundamentalsas insulators have a
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8 FundamentalsTable 1.4 Examples of
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10 FundamentalsIt has been suggeste
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12 FundamentalsTable 1.7 Wind-chill
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14 Fundamentalsthermometer, used fo
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16 Fundamentalsmeasure them, applic
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18 FundamentalsInletventilationTher
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20 The building in wintercoincide a
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22 The building in winter20GlassTem
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24 The building in winterFor the in
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26 The building in winterTable 2.2
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28 The building in winter4.0Plan8.5
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30 The building in wintermost commo
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32 The building in winterExposed el
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34 The building in winterFigure 2.4
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38 The building in winterInsulation
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40 The building in winterSurfaceAre
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42 The building in winterFrom Table
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44 The building in winterTemperatur
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46 The building in winterThe import
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50 The building in winterIntermedia
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52 The building in winterInside tem
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54 The building in winterDesigntemp
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56 The building in winterFrom earli
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60 The building in winterTemperatur
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62 The building in winterfollowing
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64 The building in winterIt has bee
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Chapter 3The building in summerThe
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68 The building in summerfrom simpl
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18070 The building in summerinforma
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72 The building in summerIncidence
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74 The building in summertime of pe
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76 The building in summerTable 3.2
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84 The building in summerFigure 3.9
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86 The building in summerAB B C a1
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88 The building in summerConduction
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92 The building in summerLossesMoto
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94 The building in summer(a)(b)Figu
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Chapter 4Survey of heating methodsH
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98 Survey of heating methodsTable 4
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100 Survey of heating methodsIndust
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102 Survey of heating methodsRadian
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104 Survey of heating methodsHeatex
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106 Survey of heating methodsReturn
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108 Survey of heating methodsReflec
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110 Survey of heating methodsCerami
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112 Survey of heating methodsTubula
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114 Survey of heating methodsthey a
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116 Survey of heating methodsFactor
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118 Survey of heating methodsrelian
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Chapter 5Electrical storage heating
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122 Electrical storage heatingTable
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124 Electrical storage heatingR 3
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126 Electrical storage heatingAs wi
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128 Electrical storage heatingWet c
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130 Electrical storage heatingStora
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132 Electrical storage heatingCasin
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134 Electrical storage heatingFinis
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136 Electrical storage heatingTable
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138 Electrical storage heatingVentI
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140 Electrical storage heatingUtili
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142 Electrical storage heatingExpan
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Chapter 6Indirect heating systemsIt
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146 Indirect heating systemsTable 6
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148 Indirect heating systemsin cont
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150 Indirect heating systemsHGIDEAC
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152 Indirect heating systemsLow tem
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154 Indirect heating systemsColdwat
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156 Indirect heating systemsRadiato
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158 Indirect heating systemsRadiato
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160 Indirect heating systemsCondens
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162 Indirect heating systems200800T
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164 Indirect heating systemssuccinc
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166 Indirect heating systemsTable 6
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168 Indirect heating systemsHigh ve
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170 Indirect heating systemsAs will
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172 Indirect heating systems0.080.0
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174 Indirect heating systems(a)(b)(
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Chapter 7Heat emitting equipmentWit
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178 Heat emitting equipmentTable 7.
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180 Heat emitting equipmentRadiant
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182 Heat emitting equipmentHeated g
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184 Heat emitting equipmentHangerIn
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186 Heat emitting equipmentpipes: e
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188 Heat emitting equipmentOpen fro
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190 Heat emitting equipment(a)(b)(d
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192 Heat emitting equipmentTable 7.
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194 Heat emitting equipmentConvecti
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196 Heat emitting equipmentDamperOu
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198 Heat emitting equipmentFilterOu
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200 Heat emitting equipmentSwivelno
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202 Heat emitting equipmentcovered
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204 Pumps and other auxiliary equip
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Chapter 9Piping design for indirect
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234 Piping design for indirect heat
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Chapter 10Boilers and firing equipm
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262 Boilers and firing equipmentcom
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264 Boilers and firing equipmentEss
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266 Boilers and firing equipment100
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268 Boilers and firing equipmentAs
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270 Boilers and firing equipmentFlu
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272 Boilers and firing equipmentFlo
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274 Boilers and firing equipmentFig
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276 Boilers and firing equipmentof
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278 Boilers and firing equipment. a
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280 Boilers and firing equipmentIt
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282 Boilers and firing equipmentFue
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284 Boilers and firing equipmentNoz
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286 Boilers and firing equipmentof
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288 Boilers and firing equipmentNea
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290 Boilers and firing equipmentpor
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292 Boilers and firing equipmentSaf
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294 Boilers and firing equipmentIgn
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Chapter 11Fuels, storage and handli
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298 Fuels, storage and handlingvehi
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300 Fuels, storage and handlingRese
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302 Fuels, storage and handlingtank
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304 Fuels, storage and handlingTank
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306 Fuels, storage and handlingabcd
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308 Fuels, storage and handlingTabl
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314 Fuels, storage and handlingstor
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318 Combustion and chimneysTable 12
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320 Combustion and chimneysTable 12
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322 Combustion and chimneysHence, b
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324 Combustion and chimneys. The te
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326 Combustion and chimneys. Draugh
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328 Combustion and chimneysClean Ai
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330 Combustion and chimneysMechanic
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332 Combustion and chimneysFire bri
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334 Combustion and chimneysMaterial
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336 Combustion and chimneysCombusti
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338 Combustion and chimneysFlueterm
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Chapter 13VentilationThe act or art
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342 VentilationTable 13.1 Ventilati
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344 Ventilationnormal circumstance
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346 Ventilationof air which could b
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348 Ventilationsimilar plant. This
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350 VentilationFlueCrackleaksInduce
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352 VentilationCapSuction bandLouvr
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354 VentilationTable 13.6 Air volum
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356 VentilationCowlBelt driveHinged
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358 VentilationTo fans at roof leve
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360 Ventilationboiler plant in wint
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Dining hall362 VentilationCafeteria
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364 Ventilationthis arrangement, as
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366 Ventilationbe noted that, as a
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368 VentilationTable 13.9 Air veloc
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370 Ventilationvelocity. An increas
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372 VentilationLastly under this he
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374 Air-conditioningBecause refurbi
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376 Air-conditioningThe installatio
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378 Air-conditioningThe type of sys
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380 Air-conditioningAn extension of
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382 Air-conditioningZone unitsSuppl
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384 Air-conditioningSupply airOptio
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386 Air-conditioningoutput of the c
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388 Air-conditioningDischargeto spa
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390 Air-conditioningAirdischargeExt
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392 Air-conditioningin the wall in
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394 Air-conditioningPrimaryair2 Pip
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396 Air-conditioningThe induction s
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398 Air-conditioningsensor as an en
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400 Air-conditioningfan-coil system
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402 Air-conditioningVariable refrig
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404 Air-conditioningChilled water P
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406 Air-conditioningAir supply to h
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408 Air-conditioningTable 14.1 Fact
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410 Air distributionUpward systemTh
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412 Air distributionInlet at 50ºCm
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414 Air distributionExtract airSupp
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416 Air distributioninlet is at a h
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418 Air distribution(a)(b)Figure 15
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420 Air distributionconnections to
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422 Air distributionOpposed bladesD
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424 Air distributionVelocity profil
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426 Air distributionAir supplyPerfo
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428 Air distributionair temperature
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430 Air distributionTable 15.4 Typi
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432 Air distributionFrameSpring cli
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434 Air distributionenergy consumpt
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Chapter 16Ductwork designHaving dec
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438 Ductwork designthe duct with no
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440 Ductwork designFlat ovalStandar
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442 Ductwork designconstruction met
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444 Ductwork designDuctlengthDDRDDu
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446 Ductwork design6mm Plate damper
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448 Ductwork design+Pressure0Veloci
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450 Ductwork designatmospheric pres
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452 Ductwork designTable 16.2 Corre
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454 Ductwork design. Any allowances
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456 Ductwork designBy these means,
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458 Ductwork designTable 16.7 Minim
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460 Ductwork designxAmplitudeyFigur
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462 Ductwork designNoise criteriaIt
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464 Ductwork designL w ˆ 10 ‡ 10
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466 Ductwork design3 64Plant527 8 3
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468 Ductwork designwhereD ˆ perime
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470 Ductwork designArrows show dire
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472 Ductwork designALNORAJAFLOW(a)(
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Chapter 17Fans and air treatment eq
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476 Fans and air treatment equipmen
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PressurePowerPowerPressure482 Fans
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Chapter 18Calculations for air-cond
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Page 535 and 536: 518 Calculations for air-conditioni
Page 537 and 538: 20mFoyer520 Calculations for air-co
Page 547 and 548: Chapter 19Refrigeration: water chil
Page 549 and 550: Absolute pressure MPa532 Refrigerat
Page 551 and 552: 534 Refrigeration: water chillers a
Page 581 and 582: 564 Hot water supply systemsObvious
Page 583: 566 Hot water supply systemswith a
Page 587 and 588: 600m m M in570 Hot water supply sys
Page 589 and 590: 572 Hot water supply systemsThe meg
Page 591 and 592: 574 Hot water supply systemsVentDra
Page 593 and 594: 576 Hot water supply systemsPrimary
Page 595 and 596: 578 Hot water supply systemsCistern
Page 597 and 598: 580 Hot water supply systemsFor use
Page 599 and 600: 582 Hot water supply systemsSteam-t
Page 601 and 602: 584 Hot water supply systemsThe hea
Page 603 and 604: 586 Hot water supply systemsTable 2
Page 605 and 606: 588 Hot water supply systemsStorage
Page 607 and 608: 590 Hot water supply systemsStorage
Page 609 and 610: 592 Hot water supply systemsadequat
Page 611 and 612: 594 Hot water supply systemsA compl
Page 613 and 614: 596 Hot water supply systemsInsulat
Page 615 and 616: Chapter 21Piping design for central
Page 617 and 618: 600 Piping design for central hot w
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618 Piping design for central hot w
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Chapter 22Automatic controls and bu
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622 Automatic controls and building
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660 Running costsPence per kWh4.03.
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662 Running costsAfter allowance ha
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664 Running costsTable 23.3 Part L
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666 Running costsTable 23.4 Degree-
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668 Running costsTable 23.5 Approxi
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670 Running costsaddition, consider
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672 Running costsRunning hours for
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674 Running costs20%. The variables
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Air temperature (ºC)Mass flow rate
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678 Running costsEnergy auditsAn en
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680 Running costs. Preventative. Pl
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682 Running costsTable 23.14 Econom
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3Oil consumption(litre / month x 10
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686 Running costsTable 23.15 Presen
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Chapter 24Combined heat and power (
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690 Combined heat and power (CHP)Fi
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698 Combined heat and power (CHP)to
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700 Combined heat and power (CHP)we
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Appendix ITemperature levelsDegrees
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Appendix IIIConversion factorsImper
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708 IndexAuxiliaryequipment (costs)
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710 Indexdegree-hour 676heat pumps
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712 Indexcleaning 489±93, 489±93d
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714 IndexIndirect hot water supplys
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716 IndexPharmaceuticalcleanrooms 4
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718 IndexSol-air temperatures 12sol
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720 Indexextract grilles 430±1indu
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