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Axial flow fans of the bifurcated type, where the air stream is directed around the motorwhich is enclosed in a protective casing, are suitable for handling corrosive gases, fromfume cupboards and the like, and also high temperature gases/air such as experienced insmoke extract during fire conditions.Standby arrangements are also possible with axialflow fans. A common way is to installthe two fans in series with the increased pressure loss over the idling impeller to beconsidered. Alternatively it is also possible to mount two fans in a parallel arrangementwith automatic changeover dampers coupled to the fan controls. A standby motorarrangement is also possible where the motors are out of the airstream driving the shaftvia pulleys and belts.The range of fan types, speeds, pressures, and volumes is too great for any indication tobe given here of sizes, duties, power requirements, etc., or of the problem of motor typessuitable for fan drives.Where it is necessary, as in the case of a variable volume air-conditioning system, toexercise control over fan output this may be achieved in a number of ways, which may besummarised conveniently under two headings:Constant fan speed. throttling dampers. inlet guide vanes. variable pitch blade angle (axial flow fans).Variable fan speed. eddy current coupling. variable voltage (fixed frequency). variable frequency, variable voltage. thyristor converter (AC to variable voltage DC)*. fluid couplings. variable pulley drive. slip-ring motor. switched reluctance drive.Fan types and performance 481Figure 17.7(a) and (b) shows for constant and variable fan speed drives respectively, thepercentage power input to a fan assembly relative to volume flow.Where throttling dampers are introduced into the system, volume reduction will beachieved at the expense of efficiency as illustrated in parts (a) and (c) of Figure 17.8. In(a), the full volume operation of a system is represented by the intersection of the fancharacteristic F 1 with the system characteristic C 1 . The use of throttling dampers changesthe system characteristic to C 2 and C 3 at 80% and 60% volume respectively. The resultantsmall savings in power absorbed are shown in (c).The use of radial inlet vane dampers fitted to the eye of a centrifugal fan provides amuch more effective means of volume control since such devices act, by changing the airflow pattern at the fan inlet, to modify the performance of the fan impeller in much thesame way as would result from change in the speed of drive. This effect is illustrated inparts (b) and (d) of Figure 17.8. As before, F 1 represents full volume operation with thesystem characteristic C 1 : operation of the radial inlet vanes changes the fan characteristicto curves F 2 and F 3 , which represent 80% and 60% volume, respectively, against a* AC, alternating current (mains supply); and DC, direct current (supply to motor).
PressurePowerPowerPressure482 Fans and air treatment equipmentPercent power10050Outlet damper – centrif.Inlet guide vaneDisc throttle –Variable pitchIdeal(power ∝Q00 50 100Percent volume(a) Constant fan speed– centrifcentrif.– axial.Figure 17.7 Power input to variable volume fans10050Eddy current couplingVariable frequencyVariable voltage D.C.Switched reluctancedriveIdeal00 50 100Percent volume(b) Variable fan speed(a)(b)C 3 C 2 C 1F 1C 1Volume(c)P 1P 2P 360 80 100F 3F 2F 160 80 100Volume(d)F 1P 1F 1FP 22F 3P 3VolumeVolumeWith throttling damperWith inlet vane damperFigure 17.8 Control of fan volume using dampers
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Faber and Kell's Heating andAir-con
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Faber and Kell's Heating andAir-con
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viiiContentsOther systems 396Altern
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xiiPreface to the ninth editionadvi
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2 FundamentalsBefore any part of th
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4 FundamentalsSpecific heat capacit
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6 Fundamentalsas insulators have a
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8 FundamentalsTable 1.4 Examples of
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10 FundamentalsIt has been suggeste
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12 FundamentalsTable 1.7 Wind-chill
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14 Fundamentalsthermometer, used fo
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16 Fundamentalsmeasure them, applic
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18 FundamentalsInletventilationTher
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20 The building in wintercoincide a
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22 The building in winter20GlassTem
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24 The building in winterFor the in
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26 The building in winterTable 2.2
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28 The building in winter4.0Plan8.5
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30 The building in wintermost commo
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32 The building in winterExposed el
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34 The building in winterFigure 2.4
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38 The building in winterInsulation
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40 The building in winterSurfaceAre
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42 The building in winterFrom Table
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44 The building in winterTemperatur
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46 The building in winterThe import
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50 The building in winterIntermedia
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52 The building in winterInside tem
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54 The building in winterDesigntemp
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56 The building in winterFrom earli
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60 The building in winterTemperatur
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62 The building in winterfollowing
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64 The building in winterIt has bee
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Chapter 3The building in summerThe
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68 The building in summerfrom simpl
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18070 The building in summerinforma
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72 The building in summerIncidence
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74 The building in summertime of pe
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76 The building in summerTable 3.2
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84 The building in summerFigure 3.9
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86 The building in summerAB B C a1
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88 The building in summerConduction
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92 The building in summerLossesMoto
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94 The building in summer(a)(b)Figu
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Chapter 4Survey of heating methodsH
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98 Survey of heating methodsTable 4
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100 Survey of heating methodsIndust
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102 Survey of heating methodsRadian
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104 Survey of heating methodsHeatex
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106 Survey of heating methodsReturn
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108 Survey of heating methodsReflec
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110 Survey of heating methodsCerami
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112 Survey of heating methodsTubula
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114 Survey of heating methodsthey a
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116 Survey of heating methodsFactor
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118 Survey of heating methodsrelian
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Chapter 5Electrical storage heating
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122 Electrical storage heatingTable
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124 Electrical storage heatingR 3
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126 Electrical storage heatingAs wi
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128 Electrical storage heatingWet c
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130 Electrical storage heatingStora
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132 Electrical storage heatingCasin
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134 Electrical storage heatingFinis
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136 Electrical storage heatingTable
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138 Electrical storage heatingVentI
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140 Electrical storage heatingUtili
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142 Electrical storage heatingExpan
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Chapter 6Indirect heating systemsIt
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146 Indirect heating systemsTable 6
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148 Indirect heating systemsin cont
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150 Indirect heating systemsHGIDEAC
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152 Indirect heating systemsLow tem
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154 Indirect heating systemsColdwat
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156 Indirect heating systemsRadiato
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158 Indirect heating systemsRadiato
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160 Indirect heating systemsCondens
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162 Indirect heating systems200800T
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164 Indirect heating systemssuccinc
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166 Indirect heating systemsTable 6
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168 Indirect heating systemsHigh ve
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170 Indirect heating systemsAs will
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172 Indirect heating systems0.080.0
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174 Indirect heating systems(a)(b)(
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Chapter 7Heat emitting equipmentWit
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178 Heat emitting equipmentTable 7.
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180 Heat emitting equipmentRadiant
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182 Heat emitting equipmentHeated g
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184 Heat emitting equipmentHangerIn
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186 Heat emitting equipmentpipes: e
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188 Heat emitting equipmentOpen fro
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190 Heat emitting equipment(a)(b)(d
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192 Heat emitting equipmentTable 7.
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194 Heat emitting equipmentConvecti
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196 Heat emitting equipmentDamperOu
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198 Heat emitting equipmentFilterOu
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200 Heat emitting equipmentSwivelno
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202 Heat emitting equipmentcovered
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204 Pumps and other auxiliary equip
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Chapter 9Piping design for indirect
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234 Piping design for indirect heat
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Chapter 10Boilers and firing equipm
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262 Boilers and firing equipmentcom
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264 Boilers and firing equipmentEss
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266 Boilers and firing equipment100
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268 Boilers and firing equipmentAs
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270 Boilers and firing equipmentFlu
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272 Boilers and firing equipmentFlo
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274 Boilers and firing equipmentFig
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276 Boilers and firing equipmentof
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278 Boilers and firing equipment. a
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280 Boilers and firing equipmentIt
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282 Boilers and firing equipmentFue
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284 Boilers and firing equipmentNoz
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286 Boilers and firing equipmentof
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288 Boilers and firing equipmentNea
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290 Boilers and firing equipmentpor
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292 Boilers and firing equipmentSaf
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294 Boilers and firing equipmentIgn
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Chapter 11Fuels, storage and handli
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298 Fuels, storage and handlingvehi
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300 Fuels, storage and handlingRese
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302 Fuels, storage and handlingtank
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304 Fuels, storage and handlingTank
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306 Fuels, storage and handlingabcd
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308 Fuels, storage and handlingTabl
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314 Fuels, storage and handlingstor
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318 Combustion and chimneysTable 12
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320 Combustion and chimneysTable 12
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322 Combustion and chimneysHence, b
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324 Combustion and chimneys. The te
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326 Combustion and chimneys. Draugh
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328 Combustion and chimneysClean Ai
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330 Combustion and chimneysMechanic
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332 Combustion and chimneysFire bri
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334 Combustion and chimneysMaterial
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336 Combustion and chimneysCombusti
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338 Combustion and chimneysFlueterm
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Chapter 13VentilationThe act or art
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342 VentilationTable 13.1 Ventilati
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344 Ventilationnormal circumstance
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346 Ventilationof air which could b
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348 Ventilationsimilar plant. This
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350 VentilationFlueCrackleaksInduce
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352 VentilationCapSuction bandLouvr
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354 VentilationTable 13.6 Air volum
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356 VentilationCowlBelt driveHinged
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358 VentilationTo fans at roof leve
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360 Ventilationboiler plant in wint
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Dining hall362 VentilationCafeteria
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364 Ventilationthis arrangement, as
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366 Ventilationbe noted that, as a
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368 VentilationTable 13.9 Air veloc
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370 Ventilationvelocity. An increas
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372 VentilationLastly under this he
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374 Air-conditioningBecause refurbi
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376 Air-conditioningThe installatio
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378 Air-conditioningThe type of sys
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380 Air-conditioningAn extension of
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382 Air-conditioningZone unitsSuppl
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384 Air-conditioningSupply airOptio
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386 Air-conditioningoutput of the c
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388 Air-conditioningDischargeto spa
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390 Air-conditioningAirdischargeExt
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392 Air-conditioningin the wall in
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394 Air-conditioningPrimaryair2 Pip
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396 Air-conditioningThe induction s
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398 Air-conditioningsensor as an en
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400 Air-conditioningfan-coil system
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402 Air-conditioningVariable refrig
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404 Air-conditioningChilled water P
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406 Air-conditioningAir supply to h
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408 Air-conditioningTable 14.1 Fact
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410 Air distributionUpward systemTh
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412 Air distributionInlet at 50ºCm
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414 Air distributionExtract airSupp
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416 Air distributioninlet is at a h
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418 Air distribution(a)(b)Figure 15
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420 Air distributionconnections to
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422 Air distributionOpposed bladesD
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424 Air distributionVelocity profil
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426 Air distributionAir supplyPerfo
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428 Air distributionair temperature
Page 447 and 448: 430 Air distributionTable 15.4 Typi
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Page 451 and 452: 434 Air distributionenergy consumpt
Page 453 and 454: Chapter 16Ductwork designHaving dec
Page 455 and 456: 438 Ductwork designthe duct with no
Page 457 and 458: 440 Ductwork designFlat ovalStandar
Page 459 and 460: 442 Ductwork designconstruction met
Page 461 and 462: 444 Ductwork designDuctlengthDDRDDu
Page 463 and 464: 446 Ductwork design6mm Plate damper
Page 465 and 466: 448 Ductwork design+Pressure0Veloci
Page 467 and 468: 450 Ductwork designatmospheric pres
Page 469 and 470: 452 Ductwork designTable 16.2 Corre
Page 471 and 472: 454 Ductwork design. Any allowances
Page 473 and 474: 456 Ductwork designBy these means,
Page 475 and 476: 458 Ductwork designTable 16.7 Minim
Page 477 and 478: 460 Ductwork designxAmplitudeyFigur
Page 479 and 480: 462 Ductwork designNoise criteriaIt
Page 481 and 482: 464 Ductwork designL w ˆ 10 ‡ 10
Page 483 and 484: 466 Ductwork design3 64Plant527 8 3
Page 485 and 486: 468 Ductwork designwhereD ˆ perime
Page 487 and 488: 470 Ductwork designArrows show dire
Page 489 and 490: 472 Ductwork designALNORAJAFLOW(a)(
Page 491 and 492: Chapter 17Fans and air treatment eq
Page 493 and 494: 476 Fans and air treatment equipmen
Page 497: 480 Fans and air treatment equipmen
Page 531 and 532: Chapter 18Calculations for air-cond
Page 533 and 534: Figure 18.1 Psychrometric chart (as
Page 535 and 536: 518 Calculations for air-conditioni
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Page 547 and 548: Chapter 19Refrigeration: water chil
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Absolute pressure MPa532 Refrigerat
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534 Refrigeration: water chillers a
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564 Hot water supply systemsObvious
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566 Hot water supply systemswith a
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568 Hot water supply systemswhich i
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600m m M in570 Hot water supply sys
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572 Hot water supply systemsThe meg
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574 Hot water supply systemsVentDra
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576 Hot water supply systemsPrimary
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578 Hot water supply systemsCistern
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580 Hot water supply systemsFor use
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582 Hot water supply systemsSteam-t
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584 Hot water supply systemsThe hea
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586 Hot water supply systemsTable 2
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588 Hot water supply systemsStorage
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590 Hot water supply systemsStorage
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592 Hot water supply systemsadequat
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594 Hot water supply systemsA compl
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596 Hot water supply systemsInsulat
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Chapter 21Piping design for central
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600 Piping design for central hot w
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Water flow rate in energy units kW/
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Chapter 22Automatic controls and bu
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622 Automatic controls and building
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660 Running costsPence per kWh4.03.
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662 Running costsAfter allowance ha
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664 Running costsTable 23.3 Part L
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666 Running costsTable 23.4 Degree-
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668 Running costsTable 23.5 Approxi
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670 Running costsaddition, consider
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672 Running costsRunning hours for
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674 Running costs20%. The variables
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Air temperature (ºC)Mass flow rate
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678 Running costsEnergy auditsAn en
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680 Running costs. Preventative. Pl
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682 Running costsTable 23.14 Econom
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3Oil consumption(litre / month x 10
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686 Running costsTable 23.15 Presen
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Chapter 24Combined heat and power (
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690 Combined heat and power (CHP)Fi
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698 Combined heat and power (CHP)to
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700 Combined heat and power (CHP)we
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Appendix ITemperature levelsDegrees
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Appendix IIIConversion factorsImper
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708 IndexAuxiliaryequipment (costs)
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710 Indexdegree-hour 676heat pumps
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712 Indexcleaning 489±93, 489±93d
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714 IndexIndirect hot water supplys
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716 IndexPharmaceuticalcleanrooms 4
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718 IndexSol-air temperatures 12sol
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720 Indexextract grilles 430±1indu
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