SPE 146840 Pilot Testing Issues of Chemical EOR in Large ...

SPE 146840 13Kamath, J., Meyer, R.F., Nakagawa, F.M., 2001, Understanding Waterflood Residual Oil Saturation of Four Carbonate Rock Type, SPEAnnual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, LAKazemi, H., Gilman, J.R., Elsharkawy, A.M., 1992, Analytical and Numerical Solution of Oil Recovery from Fractured Reservoirs withEmpirical Transfer Functions, SPE Reservoir Engineering, SanAntonio, TXKazemi, H., Merill, L. S. Jr., Porterfield, K. L. and Zaman, P. R., 1976, Numerical Simulation of Water-Oil Flow in Naturally FracturedReservoirs, SPE JournalManning, R.K., Pope, G.A., Lake, L.W., Paul, G.W., Wesson, T.C., 1983, A Technical Survey of Polymer Flooding Projects, Report No.DOE/BC/10327-19, U.S. Department of Energy: Tulsa, OK, USA, p. 329Manrique, E.J., Muci, V.E., Gurfinkel, M. E., 2007, EOR Field Experiences in Carbonate Reservoirs in the United States, SPE ReservoirEvaluation Eng. P. 667Manrique, E.; de Carvajal, G.; Anselmi, L.; Romero, C.; Chacon, L., 2000, Alkali/Surfactant/Polymer at VLA 6/9/21 Field in MaracaiboLake: Experimental Results and Pilot Project Design, SPE 59363, In Proceedings of SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium,Tulsa, OK.Moritis, G., 2004, EOR Continues to Unlock Oil Resources, Report on Enhanced Oil Recovery, Oil & Gas JournalMorrow, N.R. and Mason, G., 2001, Recovery of Oil by Spontaneous Imbibition, Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science, p.321Othman, M.; Chong, M.O.; Sai, R.M.; Zainal, S.; Zakaria, M.S.; Yaacob, A.A., 2007, Meeting the Challenges in Alkaline Surfactant PilotProject Implementation at Angsi Field, Offshore Malaysia, SPE 109033, Offshore Europe, Aberdeen, Scotland, U.K.Ramirez, B., Kazemi, H., Alkobaisi, M., and Ozkan, E., 2008, A Critical Review for Proper Use of Water/Oil/Gas Transfer Functions inDual-Porosity Naturally Fractured Reservoirs: Part I, SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering, CA.Seethepalli, B. A., B., Mohanty K. K., 2004, Wettability Alteration during Surfactant Flooding of Carbonate Reservoirs, SPE 89423, SPE/DOE 14th Symposium on IOR, Tulsa OKTong, Z. X.; Morrow, N. R. and Xie, X., 2002, Spontaneous Imbibition For Mixed-Wettability States In Sandstones Induced ByAdsorption From Crude Oil, 7th International Symposium on Reservoir Wettability, Tasmania, AustraliaXie, X., Weiss, W. W., Tong, Z., Morrow, N. R., 2004, Improved Oil Recovery from Carbonate Reservoirs by Chemical Stimulation, SPE89424, SPE/DOE 14th Symposium on IOR. Tulsa OKYang, H. D., and Wadleigh, E. E., 2000, Dilute Surfactant IOR-Design Improvement for Massive, Fractured Carbonate Applications, SPE59009, SPE International Petroleum Conference and Exhibition in Mexico, VillahermosaAppendix A – Auxillary equations used in in-house simualtorShape factor for dual-porosity formulation w/o refinement:Shape factor in z direction for dual-porosity w/o refinement:Fluid Gravity:1 1 1 4( )L L L z42L z1442 2 2x y zTotal compressibility: ct c Swcw Soco Sgcgc wfBwfpWater compressibility: 1 B wfFormation volume factor: B B 1c P wf wfb wb wOil compressibility: 1 BofcofB PMobility Ratio:krTotal Mobility Ratio: t wg oPhase Fractional Flow:fRelative Permeability: k k SofrrwCapillary Pressure: Pcow Pcow ( Sw)Saturation Constraints: S S S 1w o gWater level in matrix or fracture Swm/ f S/hwm / f 1Swrm fStwrm f/ orwm/fLz