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Expertise in Synergy - Glatt

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PAT Integration Into Process Automation<br />

Raw materials<br />

API’s<br />

Identification<br />

Humidity,<br />

Quantities<br />

Wet Granulation<br />

Oral Dosage Forms – typical process steps & their PAT application<br />

By Ralf Kretzschmar, <strong>Glatt</strong> Dresden, and Thomas Hofmaier, <strong>Glatt</strong> B<strong>in</strong>zen<br />

In recent years near-<strong>in</strong>frared spectroscopy, as well as other<br />

onl<strong>in</strong>e measurement systems (e.g. particle size or solid flows)<br />

have ga<strong>in</strong>ed grow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>terest with<strong>in</strong> the pharmaceutical <strong>in</strong>dustry<br />

for both quality control and process monitor<strong>in</strong>g [1].<br />

In order to understand the process, one ma<strong>in</strong> key of the PAT <strong>in</strong>itiative,<br />

onl<strong>in</strong>e measurement is an important parameter for a successful<br />

PAT implementation. The second, with at least similar<br />

importance is the process<strong>in</strong>g of these measurement results to<br />

reliable rules for the process and f<strong>in</strong>ally the control of the process<br />

accord<strong>in</strong>gly.<br />

Typically these onl<strong>in</strong>e measurements not only generate one<br />

<strong>in</strong>gle signal – such as the product temperature PT100 probe - but<br />

generate a set of actual values <strong>in</strong> a “spectrum” which typically do<br />

need some sort of “multi parameter <strong>in</strong>terpretation” to be able to<br />

generate some reliable algorithms for the f<strong>in</strong>al process control.<br />

GLATT has <strong>in</strong>tegrated these systems <strong>in</strong>to process automation<br />

solutions such as MegaView or EcoView.<br />

With an <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g number of projects, we have started to develop<br />

and ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> standard <strong>in</strong>terface modules for these PAT applications<br />

– for example for solid flow measurements with<strong>in</strong> the<br />

Wurster tubes, particle size measurements with the PARSUM<br />

devices or for NIR/MW systems <strong>in</strong> various process applications.<br />

Besides our solutions customers worldwide are typically request<strong>in</strong>g<br />

their favorite sub-supplier to be <strong>in</strong>tegrated. We do recognize<br />

an <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g number of NIR or microwave system suppliers,<br />

each of them hav<strong>in</strong>g their strengths and weaknesses depend<strong>in</strong>g<br />

on the specific application and product. Therefore, we have not<br />

just focused on one system, but have rather added most of them<br />

<strong>in</strong>to our application library.<br />

For example NIR/MW:<br />

Pharmaceutical applications of near-<strong>in</strong>frared and/or Microwave<br />

spectroscopy present both chemical and physical <strong>in</strong>formation <strong>in</strong><br />

development or production. “Nowadays NIR/MW is used <strong>in</strong> both<br />

off and on-l<strong>in</strong>e applications <strong>in</strong> various pharmaceutical <strong>in</strong>dustrial<br />

process control applications.<br />

Cont<strong>in</strong>uous monitor<strong>in</strong>g of quality is essential for PAT. The power<br />

of NIRS for PAT is based on its speed and nondestructive nature,<br />

which allows the analysis of <strong>in</strong>tact dosage forms or <strong>in</strong>termediate<br />

forms (e.g. granules, pellets) for chemical and physical <strong>in</strong>formation<br />

[1]. Besides NIR you might see similar benefits <strong>in</strong> onl<strong>in</strong>e<br />

particle size measurements.<br />

Pellets<br />

Dry<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Granulation,<br />

Coat<strong>in</strong>g,<br />

Mill<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Humidity,<br />

Endpo<strong>in</strong>t of Wett<strong>in</strong>g and Dry<strong>in</strong>g,<br />

Pellet Agglomeration<br />

Particle Size Control<br />

Particle Size Distribution (Fluid Bed,<br />

Mill<strong>in</strong>g)<br />

Fluidization Control<br />

Monitor<strong>in</strong>g aga<strong>in</strong>st Reference Batch<br />

But how to implement them <strong>in</strong>to the process controls?<br />

Below, the 4 typical areas of <strong>in</strong>tegration:<br />

1. Automation of read<strong>in</strong>g cycles and management of clean<strong>in</strong>g<br />

cycles<br />

2. Systems setup<br />

3. Signal process<strong>in</strong>g and data <strong>in</strong>terpretation<br />

4. Implementation <strong>in</strong>to process control (trip po<strong>in</strong>ts, monitor<strong>in</strong>g<br />

and alarm<strong>in</strong>g)<br />

Ad 1. Clean<strong>in</strong>g of the sensor head is essential <strong>in</strong> most cases.<br />

This can either be achieved with liquid (the sensor is flushed <strong>in</strong><br />

cycles) or compressed air. Process automation manages the valves<br />

for the clean<strong>in</strong>g media and their clean<strong>in</strong>g cycles, and reactivates<br />

the measurement once the clean<strong>in</strong>g has been carried out.<br />

Very often these cycle parameters are product related, and therefore<br />

become part of the Megaview or EcoView recipe system.<br />

Ad 2. Typically the sensor works with a set of parameters def<strong>in</strong>ed<br />

dur<strong>in</strong>g setup/calibration of the system. In some cases these parameters<br />

for each product have to be def<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong>dividually and are<br />

stored and ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed with<strong>in</strong> the sensor device. Here the setup<br />

of the system has to be triggered by the GLATT control system<br />

before start<strong>in</strong>g the batch. In these cases we download the actual<br />

Fig. 1: Monitor<strong>in</strong>g with NIR at a GLATT fluid bed<br />

Photo with courtesy from Sentronic GmbH<br />

Blend<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Compress<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Homogeneity Hardness,<br />

Compression<br />

Rate<br />

Coat<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Coat<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Thickness,<br />

Dissolution<br />

Profile<br />

International Times No. 27 · March 2009<br />

3

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