Bamboo Biochar As a Potential Source of Soil Humic Substance in ...

Question: Why we use bamboo as afeedstock for biochar?• While the forest coverage in tropical and subtropicalis decreasing• The bamboo forest area is increasing. It isestimated that the Bamboo area is increased annuallyby 1-2% per in the world and 2-3% in China• The reasons behind this phenomena are:• Easy to be managed, high biomass production• High economic value• Replacing products of valuable woody ……..

Specific surface are (m3/g)45040035030025020015010050Specific surfacearea0300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000Terminal pyrolysis temperature(℃)

Adsorption ratio to ammoniaAdsorption ratio (%)3630241812300℃400℃500℃600℃700℃800℃900℃1000℃61 4 8 12 16 20 24 28Time (day)

Nutrient characteristics• The range of total N: 0.2-0.5%• P 2 O 5 : 0.06-0.20%• K 2 O: 0.6-1.1%• Ca, Mg and Na: 0.2-0.6%

Elemental components ofbamboo biochar with EDAXmethod (%)

Solid-state 13CNMR spectra ofbamboo biocharUp-field shift→polycyclicaromatic structuresLocal anisotropic magneticsusceptibility500º C600º C700º C900º C240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 013C Chemical Shift (ppm)

Temperature 900ºC

III. Some study results• Coarse particle bamboo biochar (1-3mm)pHTotalC(%)TotalN(%)CECcmol/kgAshcontent(%)Exchangeable cation(1 M KCl solution)cmol/kgK 2O CaO MgO8.23 71.4 0.22 15.31 4.1 110.1 74.2 36.1

predominent aromatic C peak from bamboo biochar(130ppm)Bamboo Biochar (500º C)After 4 years in soilpartially oxidized –COOgroup in condensedaromatic C back bones(173ppm)Aryl-COO -Resonances fromcarbohydrates(Polysaccharides/cellulose) are probablymixed or attached tobiochar materials(63, 72, 83, 104 ppm).C/N-alkyl from ligninstructure and amino acids.300 270 240 210 180 150 120 90 60 30 0 -3013C Chemical Shift (ppm)

• Cation Exchangable capacity15.31 cmol/kg 24.11 cmol/kgThe other data such as: microbialcommunities associated to biochar, totalsurface area, surface funtional groups,total elements etc, are still to bedetermined in laboratory

How can we utilizeit economically andecologically?

• Liquid products• The compounds including vaporand gas are collected from thepyrolyzing kettle and condensedinto liquid products (bamboovinegar) and gas products (nonclottedgas and bamboo gas)• Crude bamboo vinegar is abrown-black liquid with morethan 300 organic compoundsexcept a quantity of water(include reaction water). Someof the compounds are as follows• (1) Saturated acid: acetic acid,formic acid, propanoic acid, andbutanoic acidContents of pyrolyzing bamboo1%18%30%51%Bamboobiochar(%)Bamboovinegar(%)Bamboosyngas(%)Loss(%)

Biochar-basedchemical N fertilizer

Leaching experimentresultleached N (mg)454035302520151050ControlUreaCUMCCU-I3. 2007 年 完 成 的 主 要 工 作CCU-II0 10 20 30 40leaching time (day)CUM-mixture of urea andbiochar (30%N)CCU-I biochar coated urea-I(30%N)CCU-IIbiochar-coated urea-II(20% N)

Biochar –coated seeds

胡 枝 子 幼 苗 平 均 重 量 (10 天 )0.080.06克 / 株0.040.020对 比炭 包 衣胡 枝 子 种 子 发 芽 势 (3 天 )0.80.6发 芽 势0.40.20对 比炭 包 衣胡 枝 子 种 子 发 芽 率80发 芽 率 (%)6040200对 比炭 包 衣

• biochar+microbes products

Inorganic

• Plate colony count method• 1、Bacteria pure culture• after 24h 6.85×10 8 /mL• after 48h 1.495×10 9 /mL• 2、All Bacteria mixed culture• B-Mix• after 24h 3.0125×10 8 /mL• after 48h 4.0375×10 8 /mL• 3、fungus pure culture• after 24h 8.25×10 4 /mL• after 48h 9.3×10 4 / mL

Moisture Weight g/pot302520151050BiocharBiochar+NfixedbacteriaControl

BacteriaFungiInoculated rice seed coating trailControlMix Bacteria & Fungi

• Taking soil samples in rhizome fromhealthy oak forest• Cultivating the samples and getting thebeneficial microbes from oak soils• Inoculating the microbes in biochar• Coating the inoculated-biochar in theoak seeds• Sowing the coated seeds in the field

• Expected results could be:•Increasing the germination rate at least 15%•Increasing the height growth rate at least20% in the first 5 years•Increasing the healthy status ofseedlings, so that increasing the competitionability with other plants…………Significantly reducethe regeneration cost

Many Thanks !