shouldn’t tell you, at 7.15 at Jussieu and you can ask him where, I hope thatmany of the people who are here will go there – he po<strong>in</strong>ted out to me veryspecifically that these r<strong>in</strong>gs of str<strong>in</strong>g only held up on condition of be<strong>in</strong>gsometh<strong>in</strong>g that must be called by its name, a torus. In other words, there arethree tori; there are three tori which are necessary, because if they are notpresupposed, one cannot demonstrate the fact that these tori are necessitatedby the reversal of the aforesaid tori; <strong>in</strong> other words a torus, we are used todraw<strong>in</strong>g it like that, naturally it is a completely <strong>in</strong>adequate draw<strong>in</strong>g, s<strong>in</strong>ceone does not see, unless one <strong>in</strong>dicates it explicitly <strong>in</strong> this form, that it is asurface and not at all a bubble <strong>in</strong> a ball.That this surface can be turned <strong>in</strong>side out, has properties from which itresults – I once recalled that the torus can be turned <strong>in</strong>side out – from whichit results that it is thanks to that that it appears, that turned <strong>in</strong>side out, thetorus which for example is supposed to be one of three, this one forexample, that when turned <strong>in</strong>side out the torus conta<strong>in</strong>s the two other r<strong>in</strong>gsof str<strong>in</strong>g which themselves ought to be represented by a torus, namely, thatwhat you see here, which I drew <strong>in</strong> this way, ought, not to be drawn as Ihave just begun to draw it, but to be drawn like that namely, two other tori,and two other tori, are not two other r<strong>in</strong>gs of str<strong>in</strong>g. Does that mean thatthese three tori are Borromean knots? Absolutely not. For, if this is the waythat you cut the torus which is for example the one that I have designatedhere (1), if that is the way you cut it, it does not free the two other tori. You92
have to cut it, as I might say to express myself <strong>in</strong> a metaphorical fashion,you have to cut it lengthways (2) for it to be freed. [cut 1, 2]The condition therefore that the torus should only be cut <strong>in</strong> one s<strong>in</strong>gle way,even though it could be done <strong>in</strong> two ways, is someth<strong>in</strong>g that deserves to beremembered <strong>in</strong> what I would call on this occasion, not a metaphor but astructure; for the difference there is between the metaphor and the structure,is that the metaphor is justified by the structure.Now <strong>in</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g what is at stake <strong>in</strong> the Dante <strong>in</strong> question, I was led toreread an old book that my bookseller brought me, s<strong>in</strong>ce he comes fromtime to time to br<strong>in</strong>g me th<strong>in</strong>gs, it is by someone called Delescluze, whichwas published <strong>in</strong> 1864, he was a pal of Baudelaire, it is called Dante et lapoésie amoureuse (Dante and love poetry) and it is not very reassur<strong>in</strong>g; it isall the less reassur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> that as I said earlier, Dante had begun on thisparticular occasion, on the occasion of the aforesaid love poetry, began toact the buffoon.He created, not what I have not created, namely, a metalanguage, he createdwhat one can call a new tongue, what could be called a metatongue, s<strong>in</strong>ceafter all, every new tongue is a metatongue, but like all new tongues, it isformed on the model of ancient ones, which is to say that it fails.What k<strong>in</strong>d of fate is it which ensures that, whatever may be the genius ofsomeone, he always recommences along the same rail, along this rail which93
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Seminar 1: Wednesday 16 November 19
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after all noticed that to consist m
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It would be enough for you to take
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There had therefore been a turning
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Supposing that we have a torus in a
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topology encourages us to do so. Th
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and me, and I who, in short, by din
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we cut it in two, the front and the
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is itself a hole and in a certain w
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Everyone knows that this is how thi
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Seminar 3: Wednesday 21 December 19
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proceed to this double cut, a doubl
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The inside and the outside in this
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egards the structure of the body, o
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inspired by it and its inspiration,
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music on you, is that it has this p
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from the beloved to the lover. What
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that the little o-object is not uni
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