question was neither more nor less than the unconscious and that <strong>in</strong> short it wasvery difficult to know clearly the idea Freud had of it. Everyth<strong>in</strong>g he says, it seemsto me, it seemed to me, prescribed that it should be a Knowledge.Let us try to def<strong>in</strong>e what this can mean to us, a Knowledge. What is at stake, <strong>in</strong>Knowledge, is what we can call signifier-effects (effets de signifiant).I have here a yoke that I must say terrorised me. It is a collection which has comeout under the title of La philosophie en effet. Philosophy <strong>in</strong> effect, <strong>in</strong> signifiereffects,it is precisely what I am try<strong>in</strong>g to get out of unscathed, I mean that I donot believe that I am do<strong>in</strong>g philosophy, but one always does more of it than onebelieves, there is noth<strong>in</strong>g more slippery than this doma<strong>in</strong>; you also do it, you toohave your moments, and it is certa<strong>in</strong>ly not what you have most to rejoice about.Freud therefore had only a few ideas about what the unconscious was. But itseems to me, <strong>in</strong> read<strong>in</strong>g him, that one can deduce that he thought it was signifiereffects.Man – we have to call a certa<strong>in</strong> generality by that name, a generality <strong>in</strong>which one cannot say that some stand out; Freud had noth<strong>in</strong>g transcendent abouthim: he was a little doctor who did, good God, what he could <strong>in</strong> terms of what wecall cur<strong>in</strong>g, which does not take us very far – man therefore, s<strong>in</strong>ce I spoke aboutman, man can scarcely escape this bus<strong>in</strong>ess of Knowledge. This is dictated to himby what I called the signifier-effects, and he is not at ease: he does not know howto ‘deal with’ (‘faire avec’) Knowledge. This is what is called his mental debilityfrom which, I must say, I do not except myself. I do not except myself simplybecause I have to deal with the same material, with the same material aseveryone else and that this material, is what dwells <strong>in</strong> us. With this material, hedoes not know how ‘to deal’ (‘y faire’). It is the same th<strong>in</strong>g as this ‘deal<strong>in</strong>g with’that I spoke about just now, but these nuances of the tongue are very important.This y faire cannot be said <strong>in</strong> every language. Know<strong>in</strong>g how to deal with issometh<strong>in</strong>g different to know-how. It means to get on with it. But this ‘yfaire’<strong>in</strong>dicates that one does not really capture the th<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>in</strong> short, <strong>in</strong> a concept.This leads us to push<strong>in</strong>g the door of certa<strong>in</strong> philosophies. You must not push thisdoor too quickly, because you must rema<strong>in</strong> at the level where I placed what <strong>in</strong>42
short I called the discourses; the saids, it is the ‘say<strong>in</strong>g which succours’ (‘dire quisecourt’). We must all the same take advantage of what the tongue <strong>in</strong> which wespeak offers us <strong>in</strong> terms of equivocation. What succours, is it the say<strong>in</strong>g or is itthe said? In the analytic hypothesis, it is the say<strong>in</strong>g; it is the say<strong>in</strong>g, namely theenunciat<strong>in</strong>g, the enunciat<strong>in</strong>g of what I called earlier the Truth. And <strong>in</strong> these ‘diresecours’,I had, the year when I spoke about L’envers de la psychoanalyse – youcerta<strong>in</strong>ly do not remember it – I had, like that, dist<strong>in</strong>guished <strong>in</strong> general 4 of them,because I was amus<strong>in</strong>g myself precisely at mak<strong>in</strong>g a sequence of 4 revolve, and <strong>in</strong>this sequence of 4, the Truth, the Truth of the say<strong>in</strong>g, the Truth was only <strong>in</strong> shortimplied, s<strong>in</strong>ce as perhaps you remember...yes, as you perhaps remember, it waspresented like that, I mean that it was the discourse of the master that was theleast true discourse. [impossibility]The least true, that means the most impossible. I noted <strong>in</strong> effect the impossibilityof this discourse, at least this was the way <strong>in</strong> which I reproduced it <strong>in</strong> what waspublished of Radiophonie.This discourse is ly<strong>in</strong>g and it is precisely by that that it reaches the Real.Verdrängung, was what Freud called that; and nevertheless, it is <strong>in</strong>deed a saidwhich succours him. Everyth<strong>in</strong>g that is said is a sw<strong>in</strong>dle. It is not simply aboutwhat is said start<strong>in</strong>g from the unconscious. What is said start<strong>in</strong>g from theunconscious, participates <strong>in</strong> equivocation, <strong>in</strong> equivocation which is the pr<strong>in</strong>ciple ofthe witticism: the equivalence of sound and sense, it was <strong>in</strong> the name of that thatI believed I could advance that the unconscious was structured like a language.I noticed, like that a little bit too late and <strong>in</strong> connection with someth<strong>in</strong>g whichappeared <strong>in</strong> Lexique et Grammaire or else Langue Française, a trimestrial journal;it is a little article that I would advise you to look at very closely because it is by43
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shouldn’t tell you, at 7.15 at Ju
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means that the tongue fails, that,
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of his time as a formidable cleric
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It is very difficult not to waver o
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I remind you that the place of semb
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this term in the feminine, since th
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which coincides with my experience,
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and to put that for you in black an
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see, does not see too great an inco
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that exists, he says what he believ
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In short, one must all the same rai
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particular besides, neurotic, a sex
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functioning as something else. And
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mean to deny? What can one deny? Th
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slipping from word to word, and thi
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Seminar 12: 17 May 1977People in th
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y writing. And writing only produce
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not pinpointed it? He calls this a