6139008-History-of-Money

• Lend-Lease aid to Iran, Russia• 1943 Tehran Conference - Big 3 pledge cooperation and the independence of Iran• U.S. companies get oil concession in Iran after the warQuincy conference Feb, 14, 1945• Saud., Farouk, Selassie, oil, zionism, British discussed• U.S. controls 42% of Mideast oil• meeting on board USS Quincy• Peel Plan 1937 - Jewish Agency moves to New York• Congress votes Dec. 1945 for unrestricted immigrationArab power rises• Saud and 6 others create Arab League March 1945• 1948: Jersey and Socony-Vacuum join Socal and Texaco in Aramco venture• 1949: Saudi Arabia builds Tapline through northern Saudi Arabia, Syria, Jordan and Lebanon to the Mediterranean• 1950 Acheson with NSA negotiated 50-50 deal (similar to Venezuela 1948)• 1960 ARAMCO cuts oil price, Saudia Arabia creates OPEC in Sept.• rising production of Saudi oil 1938-1967• 1973: Saudi Arabian Government begins purchasing Aramco’s assets from its shareholders, Socal (later Chevron),Texaco, Exxon and Socony-Vacuum (Mobil)• 1975: Aramco initiates work to design, build and operate twin industrial cities at Jubail on the Gulf and Yanbu onthe Red Sea• 1980: Saudi Government acquires 100 percent of Aramco’s shares, although Aramco partners continue to operateand manage Saudi Arabia’s oil fields• 1985: Yanbu Petrochemical Company (YANPET), a joint venture petrochemicals complex at Yanbu, Saudi Arabiaplant begins operation; Mobil and Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) are 50-50 partners in YANPET• 1988: Royal decree establishes the Saudi Arabian Oil Company [Saudi Aramco] to take over the management andoperations of Saudi Arabia’s oil and gas fields from Aramco• 1988: Saudi Aramco forms a joint venture with Texaco called Star Enterprise; Under the agreement, a SaudiAramco subsidiary acquires a 50 percent share in Star’s three refineries in the United States• 1991: Saudi Aramco acquires a 35 percent interest in SangYong Oil Refining Company, South Korea’s third-largestrefiner and leading lubricant manufacturer,• 1993: Royal decree merges all of the Kingdom’s state-owned refining, product-distribution and marketingoperations, as well as the Government’s half-interest in three joint-venture refineries into Saudi Aramco• 1994: Saudi Aramco enters joint venture with the Philippine National Oil Company (PNOC) purchasing a 40-percent stake in Petron Corp• 1996: Saudi Aramco acquires a 50 percent interest in Motor Oil Hellas and Avin Oil, the refining and distributionaffiliates of Greece’s Vardinoyannis Group which it sold out in 2005.• 1997: Crude oil manipulated to hit lows of $9/barrel. US and British oil companies sign long term-low royalty pricedeals with oil producing countries.• 1998: Shell Oil Co., Texaco Inc. and Saudi Aramco initiate joint venture combining their eastern U.S. refining andmarketing assets under the name Motiva Enterprises LLC, paralleling a joint venture launched by Shell and Texacounder the name Equilon Enterprises LLC for their Midwest, Southwest and West Coast downstream assets; Shell toown 35% of Houston-based Motiva, while Texaco and Aramco will each own 32.5%• 2006: Oil prices manipulated to hit highs near $80/barrel. Venezuela wants to renegotiate past royalty fees inlight of new high prices and record $36billion Exxon/Mobil profit and Chevron over $20billion profits. USgovernment keeps giving tax breaks to oil giants while commoners are suffering under high gasoline prices.Amazon.comAnthony Cave Brown, the author of several well-received books on the history of espionage, here turns his attention to astory as full of intrigue as any spy novel: the rise of Aramco, once the World's leading oil concern. Led by a consortium ofAmerican investors, Aramco managed through considerable guile to insert itself in territory tightly controlled by theBritish--thanks, in part, to the labors of one H. St. John Philby, a British spy (and father of the notorious Soviet doubleagent Kim Philby) who held great influence in the court of Saudi King Ibn Saud, and who, writes Brown, "was to betraythe British government in favor of Standard Oil." The Americans won Saudi favor not only through Philby, but also throughan intrepid Chicago-born entrepreneur and diplomat named Charles Crane, who did for Ibn Saud what the British failed todo: Crane built a costly waterworks that brought drinking water into the Saudi interior. (For his part, Philby obtained themonopoly on selling Ford automobiles in the country. In six years, he sold the king 1,450 cars.) The result was aconcession to the American concern to what the U.S. State Department once called "the most valuable commercial prizein the history of the planet," namely, the vast oil fields of Arabia; for an initial investment of £100,000, Aramco eventuallyextracted more than a trillion dollars from the Arabian reserves. The American interest in Saudi and Persian Gulf oil hasremained strong ever since, Brown writes--he even calls the Gulf War of 1991 "the Aramco War"-- although the companywas nationalized in the mid-1980s. Brown's careful research and vivid prose yield a fine read for anyone interested incontemporary affairs and World history. --Gregory McNameeFrom Publishers WeeklyEverything about the story of the American interest in Arabian oil is big. Standard Oil (whose post Antitrust Actcomponents formed Aramco in 1947 in the largest corporate merger the World had seen) made trillions of dollars over itsThe Hidden History Of Money & New World Order Usury Secrets Revealed at last! Page 629