Environmental Impacts of Multi-Storey Buildings Using Different ...
Environmental Impacts of Multi-Storey Buildings Using Different ... Environmental Impacts of Multi-Storey Buildings Using Different ...
- 94 -8 A Review of the Timber Used in the TimberBuildings8.1 GeneralWarren and Mahoney architects in Christchurch were engaged to report on the supply,sustainable forestry certification and treatment of the timber materials and components of thebuildings covered by this report.A summary of the Warren and Mahoney report, included in its entirety in Appendix F, ispresented below.Whilst all four building designs use some timber materials, it is the Timber and TimberPlusdesigns which make extensive use of timber. Both utilise timber for the main structuralcomponents of the multi-storey buildings. However, it is the TimberPlus design whichmaximises the use of timber throughout both structurally and architecturally, both internallyand externally (see Chapter 4, The Buildings).The Timber and TimberPlus buildings have been rigorously designed. This research goesbeyond a purely theoretical study of a ‘timber building’ to offer designs which incorporateproven engineering and are capable of being constructed today.In order to support the proposal that the Timber and TimberPlus buildings are ‘real’, it isnecessary to investigate and validate the supply of the timber materials in the quantities inwhich they would be required and where such materials would be commercially sourced,locally or imported. All timber needs to be ‘suitable’ for the location and purpose proposed.Building rating systems, such as NZ Green Star Office design (and a raft of similar toolswhich are due to be ‘rolled out’ in NZ in the next 24 months) place emphasis on any timbermaterials and components being sourced from a sustainable supply. The present NZ GreenStar Office design tool recognises only Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification.Warren and Mahoney sourced timber materials from supply chains which could demonstratesustainable forestry certification wherever possible.The treatment of timber, and the chemicals associated with treated timber, are issues of greatimportance from a ‘healthy living perspective’, from the impact on the environment duringthe production process and during lifetime usage and, of increasing importance, from theperspective of disposal of deconstructed building materials and components at the end-of-life.Section 8.6 gives a brief update on the current situation in NZ for recycling and disposal oftreated timber waste.The Warren and Mahoney report, also offers advice on additional opportunities to maximisetimber in the buildings.
- 95 -8.2 Source and Availability of TimberNew Zealand has a substantial forestry industry which ranges from the efficient growing ofspecialist plantation species through to modern harvesting techniques, to milling andtreatment, the provision of engineered timber products such as laminated veneer lumbar(LVL) and Glulam and the manufacture of timber components.Increasingly, a large range of timber products are available to offer alternative options todesigners and builders for both main structural building components and architecturalfinishes.NZ forestry – and hence the product supply chain – is dominated by Pinus radiata. Thisversatile timber offers a product range which, with little processing, can be used for thesupply of standard framing material through to lower end value-added products such asplywood and medium density fibreboard (MDF) and increasingly through more technicalmanufacturing processes to engineered components, such as LVL.P. radiata is not a naturally durable timber, often requiring treatment to extend its lifetimeand useful range of applications. An alternative to treatment is to source more naturallydurable species, such as Western Red Cedar. Also, for both technical and aesthetic reasons,other timber species may be more appropriate than P. radiata in some applications.The Warren and Mahoney report covers each timber component of the buildings and details acommercial source which could meet the demand for the quantities specified in the buildingdesigns. Where possible, timber has been sourced from a local supply.NZ supplied P. radiata was suitable for much of the structural timber, finishing and joineryincluding the following;• Columns, beams, joists, shear walls and portals.• Interior and exterior wall framing.• Internal solid walls.• Roof and parapet framing.• Ceiling tiles.• Floor.• Internal stairs.• Exterior wall cladding.The TimberPlus building proposes a P. radiata timber exterior wall cladding, ‘Shadowclad’,an engineered product supplied by Carter Holt Harvey.An interesting alternative for exterior cladding is the Flatline Board System currently underdevelopment by Australia’s Timber Development Agency (TDA)(www.timber.net.au/flatline) – this is an “open-source” system which can be utilised by anycladding manufacturer. Theoretically, therefore, it could be manufactured in NZ utilisinglocally sourced timber.The quantities of LVL required for the Timber and TimberPlus buildings are certainlyavailable for supply in NZ. Plywood, MDF and framing materials are readily available “offthe shelf”.
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- 94 -8 A Review <strong>of</strong> the Timber Used in the Timber<strong>Buildings</strong>8.1 GeneralWarren and Mahoney architects in Christchurch were engaged to report on the supply,sustainable forestry certification and treatment <strong>of</strong> the timber materials and components <strong>of</strong> thebuildings covered by this report.A summary <strong>of</strong> the Warren and Mahoney report, included in its entirety in Appendix F, ispresented below.Whilst all four building designs use some timber materials, it is the Timber and TimberPlusdesigns which make extensive use <strong>of</strong> timber. Both utilise timber for the main structuralcomponents <strong>of</strong> the multi-storey buildings. However, it is the TimberPlus design whichmaximises the use <strong>of</strong> timber throughout both structurally and architecturally, both internallyand externally (see Chapter 4, The <strong>Buildings</strong>).The Timber and TimberPlus buildings have been rigorously designed. This research goesbeyond a purely theoretical study <strong>of</strong> a ‘timber building’ to <strong>of</strong>fer designs which incorporateproven engineering and are capable <strong>of</strong> being constructed today.In order to support the proposal that the Timber and TimberPlus buildings are ‘real’, it isnecessary to investigate and validate the supply <strong>of</strong> the timber materials in the quantities inwhich they would be required and where such materials would be commercially sourced,locally or imported. All timber needs to be ‘suitable’ for the location and purpose proposed.Building rating systems, such as NZ Green Star Office design (and a raft <strong>of</strong> similar toolswhich are due to be ‘rolled out’ in NZ in the next 24 months) place emphasis on any timbermaterials and components being sourced from a sustainable supply. The present NZ GreenStar Office design tool recognises only Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification.Warren and Mahoney sourced timber materials from supply chains which could demonstratesustainable forestry certification wherever possible.The treatment <strong>of</strong> timber, and the chemicals associated with treated timber, are issues <strong>of</strong> greatimportance from a ‘healthy living perspective’, from the impact on the environment duringthe production process and during lifetime usage and, <strong>of</strong> increasing importance, from theperspective <strong>of</strong> disposal <strong>of</strong> deconstructed building materials and components at the end-<strong>of</strong>-life.Section 8.6 gives a brief update on the current situation in NZ for recycling and disposal <strong>of</strong>treated timber waste.The Warren and Mahoney report, also <strong>of</strong>fers advice on additional opportunities to maximisetimber in the buildings.
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