Environmental Impacts of Multi-Storey Buildings Using Different ...

- 9 -GlossaryCO 2 stored – refers to the CO 2 stored in non decomposed wood that has been disposed of inlandfill.Embodied energy – refers to the energy required to make a product, which includes: rawmaterial acquisition and processing, energy production, transport, and product manufacturing,i.e. “cradle to gate”.End of life energy – refers to the energy associated with the disposal of a material at the finalstages of the life cycle (e.g. landfilling or recycling) and includes the transport of materials tothe disposal/recycling facility. EOL may be positive or negative depending on the disposalmode. Examples of disposal modes include landfilling and combustion.Energy recovery – refers to obtaining useful energy from wood waste through combustion.Energy retained – refers to the total potential energy that could be produced fromcombustion of materials.GHG substitution – refers to the amount of fossil fuel GHG emissions unreleased, whenobtaining energy from wood instead of fossil fuel energy sources.Initial embodied energy – refers to the embodied energy of a building once it has beencompleted, before any maintenance has been undertaken.Maintenance (recurrent) related embodied energy – refers to the embodied energy ofmaterials required to maintain the building.Material reutilisation – refers to reusing certain building materials for other beneficialpurposes, following deconstruction of the building. Examples include combustion of wood forenergy or recycling of materials.Operational energy – total primary energy consumed during the 60 year life of the building.Primary energy – Energy required to produce a unit of useful energy (MJ or kWh), whichincludes all upstream processes. Primary energy is energy contained in raw fuels and anyother forms of energy that has not been subjected to any conversion or transformationprocess. Primary energies are transformed in energy conversion processes to more convenientforms of energy, such as electrical energy and cleaner fuels.Total embodied energy – refers to the sum of initial embodied energy, maintenance relatedembodied energy, operational energy, end-of-life energy, and energy recovered throughmaterial reutilisation.Useful metered energy – Energy consumed at a point source, i.e. power socket.