Environmental Impacts of Multi-Storey Buildings Using Different ...
Environmental Impacts of Multi-Storey Buildings Using Different ... Environmental Impacts of Multi-Storey Buildings Using Different ...
- 36 -In the TimberPlus building all aluminium windows frames were replaced by timber (CanadianWestern Red Cedar) frames and composite aluminium-cedar frames in the case of the openingwindows. Timber louvres in the north facade are another important replacement with theoriginal aluminium louvres replaced by cedar louvres supported in a cedar structure with steelconnections (cedar was used also for mullions and transoms and in all parallel louvres outsidethe curtain wall). Louvres outside the north façade cover the same area as in the Concrete,Steel and Timber buildings and are supported in a cedar timber structure.The light weight envelope walls in the east, west and south façade (including service areaenvelope walls) are framed in timber studs with 90 mm fibreglass insulation. These wallshave a 25 mm air cavity for ventilation built with 25 mm timber battens under Pinus radiatapine weatherboards (www.timber.net.au/flatline). Internal linings are medium densityfibreboard (MDF), painted for service and corridor areas and solid finger jointed timberboards inside the offices. The partitions between the main offices are solid timber walls madeof five solid timber layers of Pinus radiata with a final thickness of 105 mm. MDF panelswith a decorative hardwood veneer are used for ceilings in all office areas.Figure 4.10: TimberPlus building, North-east and South-west perspective views.Figure 4.11 shows an interior view of the two different types of finish materials used in theoffice buildings. The top image represents the very common type of office interior finishesused in the Concrete, Steel and Timber buildings. The bottom image shows the internal viewof an office in the TimberPlus building. Carpet was applied to both types of finishes but canbe potentially replaced by timber flooring (Parquet) in the TimberPlus building. Theseimages graphically demonstrate ‘common practice’ finishes and the variation of this usingtimber in the case of the TimberPlus lower image.Figure 4.11: ‘Common finishes’ of the concrete, steel and timber buildings, compared with the internalfinishes of the TimberPlus building.
- 37 -4.4 Multi-Storey Timber Building ResearchThis section gives a summary of recent research and development of a new system forconstruction of multi-storey pre-stressed timber buildings in New Zealand. The systempresents opportunities for much greater use of timber and engineered wood products in largebuildings, using innovative technologies for creating high quality buildings with large openspaces, excellent living and working environments, and resistance to hazards such asearthquakes, fires and extreme weather eventsWhilst none of these timber multi-storey buildings have yet been constructed, the researchprogramme is proceeding rapidly, in close collaboration with industry and governmentfunding agencies.4.4.1 New Forms of Timber ConstructionNew forms of pre-stressed timber construction being developed at the University ofCanterbury, New Zealand, have the potential to revolutionise large-scale timber buildings.The Timber and TimberPlus buildings described in this report are good examples of this newconstruction technology.The new technology can be used for multi-storey timber buildings up to 10 storeys or more.These buildings will have:• Heavy timber beams, columns, or walls• Large structural members prefabricated off site• Main timber structure of LVL members• Post-tensioned connections for easy construction and high seismic resistance• Removable partitions and cladding• Composite T-beam floors with concrete topping on timber joistsThe performance requirements for these buildings will be:• Wide open spaces, with maximum flexibility of use.• Residential, educational or commercial uses, which can be changed over time.• Safety in fire, earthquakes, or extreme weather events.• Excellent acoustic performance.• Excellent thermal behaviour.• Durability for hundreds of years.• Low levels of life-cycle energy use, hence low CO 2 emissions during construction,long-term use, and demolition.4.4.2 Development of Post-Tensioned Timber SystemsRecent research work at the University of Canterbury has extended the concept of hybridmulti-storey building systems from pre-cast concrete to timber frame and wall systems.During the 1990s, investigations in pre-cast concrete moment-resisting frames orinterconnected shear walls under the U.S. PRESSS (Pre-cast Seismic Structural System)programme resulted in the revolutionary development of high-performance, cost-effective,seismic resisting systems. These solutions can undergo inelastic displacements while limitingstructural damage and assuring full re-centreing capability after a seismic event (no
- Page 1 and 2: Environmental Impacts ofMulti-Store
- Page 5 and 6: ContentsGlossary...................
- Page 7 and 8: 6.3.4.3 Maintenance related embodie
- Page 9 and 10: - 9 -GlossaryCO 2 stored - refers t
- Page 11 and 12: - 11 -Chapter 7Chapter 8Chapter 9Ch
- Page 13 and 14: - 13 -An alternative end-of-life sc
- Page 15 and 16: - 15 -designers and a shortage of b
- Page 17 and 18: - 17 -• Ministry for the Environm
- Page 19 and 20: - 19 -which it can be fashioned to
- Page 21 and 22: - 21 -For fire safety, the New Zeal
- Page 23 and 24: - 23 -buildings for low seismic are
- Page 25 and 26: - 25 -4 The Buildings4.1 Constructi
- Page 27 and 28: - 27 -the building. The basement le
- Page 29 and 30: - 29 -4.3.2 Common Design Principle
- Page 31 and 32: - 31 -Figure 4.5: South-west façad
- Page 33 and 34: - 33 -the three longitudinal frames
- Page 35: - 35 -4.3.5.2 Floor and RoofThe str
- Page 39 and 40: - 39 -Several different solutions h
- Page 41 and 42: - 41 -5 Operational Energy5.1 Gener
- Page 43 and 44: - 43 -Table 5.1: Simulation inputs
- Page 45 and 46: - 45 -Table 5.3: Areas of office en
- Page 47 and 48: - 47 -Modifying the design to achie
- Page 49 and 50: - 49 -• Standards New Zealand (NZ
- Page 51 and 52: - 51 -6 Life Cycle Assessment6.1 In
- Page 53 and 54: - 53 -6.2.3.3 Impact AssessmentThe
- Page 55 and 56: - 55 -6.3.2.2 System BoundariesThe
- Page 57 and 58: - 57 -For more information see:http
- Page 59 and 60: - 59 -6.3.3 Inventory Analysis6.3.3
- Page 61 and 62: - 61 -Table 6.2: Net tonnes CO 2 eq
- Page 63 and 64: - 63 -Growing timber takes up CO 2
- Page 65 and 66: - 65 -6.3.4 Impact AssessmentTotal
- Page 67 and 68: - 67 -8000700060005000GWP (t CO2 eq
- Page 69 and 70: - 69 -As explained above, carbon st
- Page 71 and 72: - 71 -Figure 6.10: Total embodied e
- Page 73 and 74: - 73 -Table 6.9: Total GWP of each
- Page 75 and 76: - 75 -8,0007,0006,0005,000GWP (t CO
- Page 77 and 78: - 77 -45000400003500030000GWP (kg C
- Page 79 and 80: - 79 -assumed to be identical for t
- Page 81 and 82: - 81 -6.4.3.2 Green Star Recycling
- Page 83 and 84: - 83 -Table 6.16: Green Star result
- Page 85 and 86: - 85 -The contribution of initial e
- 37 -4.4 <strong>Multi</strong>-<strong>Storey</strong> Timber Building ResearchThis section gives a summary <strong>of</strong> recent research and development <strong>of</strong> a new system forconstruction <strong>of</strong> multi-storey pre-stressed timber buildings in New Zealand. The systempresents opportunities for much greater use <strong>of</strong> timber and engineered wood products in largebuildings, using innovative technologies for creating high quality buildings with large openspaces, excellent living and working environments, and resistance to hazards such asearthquakes, fires and extreme weather eventsWhilst none <strong>of</strong> these timber multi-storey buildings have yet been constructed, the researchprogramme is proceeding rapidly, in close collaboration with industry and governmentfunding agencies.4.4.1 New Forms <strong>of</strong> Timber ConstructionNew forms <strong>of</strong> pre-stressed timber construction being developed at the University <strong>of</strong>Canterbury, New Zealand, have the potential to revolutionise large-scale timber buildings.The Timber and TimberPlus buildings described in this report are good examples <strong>of</strong> this newconstruction technology.The new technology can be used for multi-storey timber buildings up to 10 storeys or more.These buildings will have:• Heavy timber beams, columns, or walls• Large structural members prefabricated <strong>of</strong>f site• Main timber structure <strong>of</strong> LVL members• Post-tensioned connections for easy construction and high seismic resistance• Removable partitions and cladding• Composite T-beam floors with concrete topping on timber joistsThe performance requirements for these buildings will be:• Wide open spaces, with maximum flexibility <strong>of</strong> use.• Residential, educational or commercial uses, which can be changed over time.• Safety in fire, earthquakes, or extreme weather events.• Excellent acoustic performance.• Excellent thermal behaviour.• Durability for hundreds <strong>of</strong> years.• Low levels <strong>of</strong> life-cycle energy use, hence low CO 2 emissions during construction,long-term use, and demolition.4.4.2 Development <strong>of</strong> Post-Tensioned Timber SystemsRecent research work at the University <strong>of</strong> Canterbury has extended the concept <strong>of</strong> hybridmulti-storey building systems from pre-cast concrete to timber frame and wall systems.During the 1990s, investigations in pre-cast concrete moment-resisting frames orinterconnected shear walls under the U.S. PRESSS (Pre-cast Seismic Structural System)programme resulted in the revolutionary development <strong>of</strong> high-performance, cost-effective,seismic resisting systems. These solutions can undergo inelastic displacements while limitingstructural damage and assuring full re-centreing capability after a seismic event (no
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